Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Emnambithi Ladysmith
Local
Municipality
Rural Development Strategy
Draft 1 – May 2010
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4
1.1. Objectives of the Study................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Location of Emnambithi Local Municipality ................................................................................. 4
1.3 Research Methodology ................................................................................................................. 6
1.4. Data Collection Techniques ......................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Structure of the Report ................................................................................................................ 7
Section 2 Rural Development ................................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Rural Development in South Africa .............................................................................................. 8
2.2 General characteristics of rural areas ............................................................................................... 8
General characteristics of rural areas................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Key Factors for Promoting Rural Development ............................................................................ 9
2.4 The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) and its Implementations ........... 12
2.4.1 Agrarian Transformation ....................................................................................................... 12
2.4.2 Rural Development .................................................................................................................. 13
2.4.3 Land Reform ............................................................................................................................ 13
2.5 The Aim and Scope of CRDP ....................................................................................................... 14
2.6 The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme’s Mandate.............................................. 15
2.7 The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme Pilot Project in Limpopo Province as a
Case Study ........................................................................................................................................ 15
2.7.1 The Muyexe Village Programme as Key Pilot Programme........................................................... 15
2.7.2 Community Mobilisation ......................................................................................................... 16
2.7.3. Community Food Security Initiatives...................................................................................... 16
2.7.4 Community Facilities: Ward Committee Offices & Community Hall ....................................... 17
2.7.5 Education ................................................................................................................................. 17
2.7.6 Health Facilities........................................................................................................................ 18
2.7.7
Sanitation Projects ........................................................................................................... 18
2.7.8 Water ....................................................................................................................................... 18
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
2.8 CRDP Progress since April 2009 .................................................................................................. 18
2.9 The Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy in KwaZulu Natal ......................................... 18
Emergent Communal Farmer Programme ....................................................................................... 21
2.10. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 23
Section 3 The status quo of Rural Emnambithi..................................................................................... 24
3.1 Overview of Rural Wards ............................................................................................................ 24
3.2 Profiling the rural Wards ............................................................................................................ 30
3.3 SWOT Analysis of Rural Emnambithi/Ladysmith. ....................................................................... 58
3.4. Summary SWOT for Rural Emnambithi ..................................................................................... 69
3.5 Conclusion and recommendations ............................................................................................. 70
Section 4 Strategy Formulation ............................................................................................................ 72
4.1 The National Medium Term Strategic Framework ..................................................................... 72
4.2 Critical Stakeholders (Strategy Refinement, Policy and Budgetary Alignment, Programme and
Product Development Implementation Planning). .......................................................................... 73
4.2.1 CRDP Council of Stakeholders ................................................................................................. 74
4.2.2 CRDP Technical Committee ..................................................................................................... 74
4.2.3 Strategic Partnerships.............................................................................................................. 75
4.3 Vision, goals and objectives of the Rural Development Strategy ............................................... 75
4.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 76
Section 5 Implementation framework .................................................................................................. 78
5.1. Rural Development Strategy Project identification................................................................... 78
5.2Anchor Projects ........................................................................................................................... 86
5.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 95
Section 6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 96
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
This report deals with the development of a Rural Development Strategy for the Emnambithi
/Ladysmith Local Municipality. It starts with an overview of the location of Emnambithi Municipality
and the conditions experienced by the people who live in the rural areas of Emnambithi. The
purpose of the study is to formulate a strategy that will suit the needs of the people residing in the
rural areas of Emnambithi.
1.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The Rural Development Strategy hopes to address and propose solutions to the economic and
development challenges that are currently being experienced by people living in the rural areas of
Emnambithi. Rural Development has been earmarked as government’s Priority Number 3 in the
Medium Term Strategic Framework (MTSF), hence the need for the formation of a Rural
Development Strategy that will encompass the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme
(CRDP) in Emnambithi.
1.2 LOCATION OF EMNAMBITHI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality is located on the northern corner of the uThukela District
Municipality in the KwaZulu Natal Province. It is one of the five Category B municipalities in the
uThukela District Municipality area. The municipality borders the Free State Province to the west,
Dannhauser Local Municipality to the north, uKhahlamba Local Municipality to the south-west,
Umtshezi Local Municipality to the south, and Indaka and eNdumeni Local Municipalities to the east.
The uThukela District Municipality map below (Figure1) shows the Emnambithi Local Municipality
and other neighbouring municipalities.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Figure 1: UThukela District Municipality Map
Source: Emnambithi/Ladysmith Phase One: Perspective Report
Located along the N11 route, and just 20km off the N3 route between Durban and Johannesburg,
the Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality is serviced by regional transportation linkages which
provide easy access to the municipality. It is further linked by the rail line that links the port town of
Durban and the country’s economic hub of Gauteng. Emnambithi is at a geographical advantage as it
is located centrally between Gauteng and the coast. It is 370 km from Johannesburg and 250 km
from Durban while Van Reenen serves as a gateway to KZN from Gauteng Province.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Five workshops in total were held were held in rural wards of Emnambithi. The aim of these
workshops was to inform the community in these rural areas about the Rural Development Strategy
Study that Urban Econ had been appointed to conduct. During the workshop, data was collected
from the participants. This information was then analysed and used to aid in the formulation of the
strategy.
1.4. DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
Three different data collection techniques were used to gather information from stakeholders. The
information centred on what they felt they needed to achieve economic development in their rural
areas. These techniques allowed people in the rural areas to be familiarised with the government’s
intervention programme called the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme which is aimed
at enhancing rural development.
1.4.1 PERSONAL INTERVIEWS
Personal interviews were conducted with relevant stakeholders from Emnambithi Municipality and
from Agriculture Cooperatives. The aim was to find out what kind of agricultural programmes are
currently in existence and what type of projects are needed in the rural areas of Emnambithi. A
personal interview with the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform representative was
also conducted to gain official on the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme and the pilot
programme that is currently taking place in Msinga Area in KZN.
1.4.2 WORKSHOPS
A total of five workshops were held in the rural wards. Two of these workshops on the Rural
Development Strategy were held at Bluebank Community Hall and Buhlebezwe High School on the
17th of February. At these workshops the communities were able to voice their needs regarding rural
development and the issues they felt were hindering them from developing successfully. Three
workshops were conducted in the Municipality Chambers, as well as in Lusitania and Driefontein
wards to introduce the idea of the Rural Development Strategy and its aim to the people in those
areas.
1.4.3. DESKTOP INFORMATION
Information was accessed from reports that are relevant to the Rural Development Strategy. These
reports included:
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Emnambithi/Ladysmith Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2007/2008.
The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme July 2009.
Emnambithi/Ladysmith Agricultural Strategy and Tourism Strategy.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
The remainder of the report is structured as follows:
Section 2 describes rural development, the characteristics of a rural area and the key factors of
promoting rural development. It further discusses the new Comprehensive Rural Development
Programme, its mandates and critical stakeholders. The CRDP programme, a pilot project in Limpopo
Province is then discussed as a case study of how the CRDP is being implemented on other
provinces.
Section 3 provides a description of how the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme can be
implemented in Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality’s rural areas. The section also identifies
agricultural, tourism and other projects that are currently in operation in the rural areas.
Section 4 presents a SWOT Analysis upon which the strategy formulation is based. The strategy
formulation is then derived from looking at all the challenges that the people in the rural areas are
currently facing and proposes creating ways in which those challenges can be turned into projects.
Section 5 provides a list of projects that were identified by people in the rural areas. These projects
are listed and their implementation plans are discussed in this section.
Section 6: provides the conclusion and gives recommendations on the Emnambithi Rural
Development Strategy.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
SECTION 2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT
This section begins with an overview of rural development and the Comprehensive Rural
Development Programme, its implementation procedures and the stakeholders involved. It also
discusses the implication of this programme for Emnambithi/Ladysmith Municipality Local
Municipality. The purpose of this section is to gain a thorough understanding of what the
Comprehensive Rural Development Programme is.
2.1 RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA
Rural development is about enabling rural people to take control of their destiny, thereby dealing
effectively with rural poverty through the optimal use and management of natural resources. It is a
participatory process through which rural people learn over time, through their own experiences
and initiatives, how to adapt their indigenous knowledge to their changing world.
Rural development and poverty alleviation are largely synonymous. Rural development is a large and
inclusive umbrella term for all kinds of departmental programmes and orientations. It includes, for
example, agricultural development, poverty alleviation via tourism, small-scale mining, and
infrastructure provision. Different government departments have adopted widely different
definitions and approaches when dealing with poverty alleviation.
There are two schools of thoughts about whether rural development and poverty alleviation are
primarily ‘welfarist’ functions (and therefore is categorised as ‘Social Development’) or whether they
should be categorised as the ‘promotion of economic opportunities’ (in which case they should be
located under ‘Economic Development’. Our approach is based on the economic development
model because this study falls under Local Economic Development where the focus is on economic
development of rural areas. The confusion about these two approaches is the fundamental reason
for the ambiguity and divergence of many government poverty alleviation programmes.
2.2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL AREAS
In this study the definition of the term ‘rural area’ is an area which is sparsely populated and in
which people depend largely on agriculture or natural resources for their income and survival. A
rural area may include villages and small towns which serve as rural centres. It also is understood to
refer to large or ‘closer’ settlements created by the historical dumping of populations in the former
homelands during apartheid ( e.g.???). The population in most rural areas depends on the migratory
labour system and remittances for their survival.
Rural areas are generally characterised by:
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High levels of poverty, especially among women-headed households.
Spatial chaos and stark contrasts between the former homelands and the areas around them, in
terms of settlement patterns, land ownership and use, transport and other infrastructure
Historical restrictions on entrepreneurial development and poor support.
Increased cost of living: goods and services are more expensive in rural areas than in urban areas
because of higher transport costs
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)

Agriculture is often dominant, and sometimes the exclusive economic sector and opportunities
for resource mobilisation are limited.
2.3 KEY FACTORS FOR PROMOTING RURAL DEVELOPMENT
The key factors that promote rural development are named and discussed as key or important
factors when tackling rural development.
2.3.1 LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Local economic development refers to any and all efforts to increase growth and employment, and
to develop markets. The concept usually applied in urban areas but there are two respects in which
it is useful in rural areas:
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The importance of local solutions to the development of small rural towns and
The emphasis on obtaining the advantages of agglomeration, which is usefully captured in rural
areas through a deliberate attempt to promote markets
How can the local economic development concept be applied to small rural towns? With few
exceptions there are two types of rural towns:

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Those in large scale farming areas, which have often lost their connections with the surrounding
rural areas as more and more farm production is moved directly to the national market and,
Those in the former homelands which grew in response to the pressure of displaced people.
In both cases, great efforts will be required to build a local economy based on the exploitation of
local resources in the rural areas around, such as the development of the small farm sector, of agriindustries and other resource-based production, and of tourism and eco-tourism possibilities.
All these possibilities will be enhanced by if there are active steps to increase access to information,
capacity building, encourage community organisations, and develop a social compact around
coherent, widely agreed development plans.
2.3.2 PROMOTING LOCAL MARKETS
Promoting local markets is crucial in eradicating poverty in the rural areas. It helps in creating job
opportunities and improving rural livelihoods. Some of the advantages of promoting local markets in
the rural areas include:
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Levels of rural production must be increased to improve local income circulation (some suggest
that this is a pre-requisite for the establishment of rural markets).
Rural markets will improve local income circulation.
The successful establishment of rural markets and specifically periodic markets will to a large
extent depend on the ability of local government to coordinate the delivery of “mobile services”
at identified locations, in support of market activity.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
The six basic steps to ensure that markets contribute to improving local income circulation have
been identified as:
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Adjust local government strategic planning to reflect the importance of improving local income
circulation;
Coordinate government service delivery with a strong focus on mobile services that will attract
people and support the establishment of markets;
Identify appropriate market places and/or service delivery points based on a thorough
understanding of local development dynamics;
Develop a periodic market system (including service delivery) that will provide local markets with
appropriate support and implement this using a phased approach;
Identify and develop appropriate market spaces in consultation with local communities; and
Manage the markets based on the clear assignment of roles and responsibilities in this regard.
2.3.3 PROMOTING SMALL, MEDIUM AND MICRO ENTERPRISES
Small businesses have an important role to play in the South African economy in terms of
employment creation, income generation and output growth. They are also often the vehicle by
which the lowest-income people in our society gain access to economic opportunities. It is therefore
important for small medium and micro enterprises to be part of each municipality’s Local Economic
Development (LED) Plan.
There is a crucial need to promote the SMME’s in the rural areas hence is the current strategy to
create a national network of local services centre (LSCs) where a variety of services can be accessed.
The LSC in rural areas will receive government subsidisation, and will assist entrepreneurs in
obtaining access to hard skills training and provide on-site hand-holding to developing larger, more
sustainable businesses. The LSC should ensure that local by-laws and higher level legislative and
regulatory mechanisms promote, rather than hinder, local entrepreneurs.
Three factors are crucial to enable rural people to progress beyond a ‘survivalist’ enterprise (whose
turnover falls well below the levels required for VAT registration in South Africa), namely:
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Information on source and costs of inputs
Information and assistance in marketing for their products and
Help with financial services- this is very difficult for rural people to access due to the lack of a
comprehensive institutional structure which will bring these services to them.
2.3.4 PROMOTING SMALL SCALE AGRICULTURE
Small businesses are an important ingredient for income generation in the rural economy. However,
the ability of small businesses to grow and reach new markets is hampered by ageing
infrastructures, low- and unskilled labour, lack of business knowledge and insufficient capital.
Furthermore, transportation of goods in rural areas is a complex and costly business.
Investment in agriculture requires investment in suitable agricultural technologies and infrastructure
to increase farm production and employment, as well as non-farm production.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
There is a need to develop the potential of small scale farmers through:
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emphasizing market orientation and easy access to funding ,
developing the capacity for participatory research and technology development, and
improving the efficiency and effectiveness of government and the Agricultural Research Council
to the benefit of all farmers
Small scale farmers create job opportunities and provide products for the immediate local markets
and for local agro-industries and are therefore a coherent part of an integrated strategy for LED.
2.3.5 PROMOTING TOURISM AND ECOTOURISM
South Africa has a rich historical heritage and a wide variety of cultures, in addition to the wildlife,
scenery and coasts for which it is better known amongst domestic and foreign tourists. In times of
peace, these provide an immense potential for the development of a diverse tourism industry and
South Africa's superiority in infrastructure development provides an advantage over other parts of
Africa in the eyes of international tourists.
However, tourist development has generally followed a narrow path, keeping within the apartheidestablished geographic parameters and providing incomes largely to the major hotel chains and
transport companies. The best known example of the problems that arise is in attitudes towards the
country’s national parks. The majority of rural people lack the income and access which would
enable them to visit the national parks. This causes a feeling of alienation and in some cases there is
friction between the park and the surrounding community over land use. The community than has
little reason to appreciate or protect wildlife or tourists.
2.3.6 PROMOTING LABOUR INTENSITY
Rural communities in Emnambithi can lobby to ensure that all structures built with government
funds use labour-intensive techniques, as these will then provide local employment. They can also
apply to the Community Based Public Works Programme (CBPWP) at provincial level for funding for
special employment projects for the poor. The CBPWP and the reorientation of building methods
through public sector transformation fall under the National Public Works Programme. This
programme aims to provide jobs and create infrastructure, to develop human resources through
training programmes, and to empower communities.
Other programmes such as ZIBAMBELE which is routine road maintenance programme using labour
intensive methods. It encourages flexible hours on road maintenance activities to allow ZIBAMBELEcontracted households adequate time to deploy their labour on other activities. The households
therefore earn extra income from the road maintenance programme whilst maintaining their
agricultural interests.
A ZIBAMBELE Contractor is the term used for a person contracted under the ZIBAMBELE programme
to maintain a length of road. The length of road allocated to each household depends on the
difficulty on the terrain, thus the more difficult the terrain the shorter the allocated road. The
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
contract requires a maximum of 60 hours of work per month to maintain the length of allocated
road.
A ZIBAMBELE household will:
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Maintain the road drainage system
Ensure good roadside visibility
Maintain the road surface in good condition
Clear the road verges of litter and noxious weeds
Another way of promoting labour-intensive projects is by empowering young people and women
with skills. The skills base in rural areas is very low, consequently growth and development is
constrained by the limited availability of scarce and critical skills.
2.4 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (CRDP) AND ITS
IMPLEMENTATIONS
In July 2009 the Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform was identified as the national
champion of the CRDP, as mandated by the President. At provincial level the Premier is the CRDP
champion. The Premier may appoint a Member of Executive Council (MEC) with a rural development
function to be the driver of the CRDP in the province. District and Local Mayors will also form part of
this political delegation during the scaling up of the CRDP.
The importance of programme delivery structure that clarifies roles and responsibilities for all
stakeholders cannot be over-emphasised. CRDP encompasses all aspects of rural life from rural
housing to rural transport, local economic development, education, health, agriculture, social
development, water and so on. It is clear that the new department of Rural Development and Land
Reform (DRDLR) cannot operate alone in achieving the goals of the programme.
To enable the Department to achieve all its objectives, a strategy based on the following three
pillars has to be adapted:
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Agrarian transformation including increasing all types of agricultural production; optimal and
sustainable use of natural resources; the use of appropriate technologies; food security; and
improving the of life for each rural household.
Rural development which includes improving economic and social infrastructure.

Land reform including restitution, redistribution, land tenure reform.
2.4.1 AGRARIAN TRANSFORMATION
Agrarian transformation means rapid and fundamental change in the power relations between land
(as well as other natural resources, livestock and cropping) and the community.
Transformation in the agrarian sector needs to take place in the following ways:
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)

Livestock farming & related value chain development (exploring all possible species for food &
economic activity)
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Cropping & related value chain development (exploring all possible species, especially
indigenous plants, for food & economic activity)
2.4.2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Rural development is about enabling rural people to take control of their destiny, thereby dealing
effectively with rural poverty through the optimal use and management of natural resources. It is a
participatory process through which rural people learn over time, through their own experiences
and initiatives, how to adapt their indigenous knowledge to their changing world. Rural
development can be achieved through self-help initiatives as well as through co-ordinated and
integrated broad-based agrarian transformation, rural development and land reform.

The establishment of business initiatives, agro-industries, cooperatives, cultural initiatives and
vibrant local markets in rural settings;

The empowerment of rural communities, especially women and the youth, which can be
achieved by facilitating and mediating strong organisational and institutional capabilities and
abilities to take full charge of their collective destiny;

Capacity building initiatives, where rural communities are trained in technical skills which are
combined with indigenous knowledge. This will mitigate a community’s vulnerability to,
especially climate change, soil erosion, adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, hunger
and food insecurity; and

Revitalisation and revamping of the old, and the creation of new economic, social and
information communication infrastructure and public amenities and facilities in villages and
small rural towns.
2.4.3 LAND REFORM
Projects will be linked to the acquisition of and access to land through the three land reform
programmes (redistribution, tenure and restitution). All projects within these three programmes will
be implemented efficiently and in a sustainable manner and will be linked to the strategic objective
of the CRDP. Some of the priorities include:

Reviewing the land reform products and approaches

Reviewing land acquisition models (including the Willing buyer-Willing seller approach)

Fast-tracking the settlement of labour tenancy claims

Facilitating secure access to land by farm dwellers
Protecting the land rights of farm workers

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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)

Increasing the pace of settling outstanding Land Restitution Claims by providing an analysis of
outstanding claims and adopting a developmental approach to the settlement of restitution
claims
2.5 THE AIM AND SCOP E OF CRDP
The aim of a Comprehensive Rural Development Programme is to bring about a measurable increase
in agricultural production by promoting the Ilima/Letseme campaign to enhance household food
security. The government will work hard to protect the valuable agricultural land from
encroachment by other developments. While the focus is on encouraging rural communities to grow
their own food, measures will also be put in place to ensure access by poor households to basic food
at affordable prices and generally to improve the logistics of food distribution. This can be done by
government’s 1intensification in the implementation of the Rural Transport Development
Programme whose objective is to promote rural transport infrastructure and services.
The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme suggests that rural development includes, but is
not limited to the following:
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1
Roads, railways , ports;
Shearing sheds,
Dipping tanks;
Milk parlous;
Community gardens;
Production and marketing stalls;
Fencing for agricultural purposes;
Storage warehouses;
Distribution and transport networks
Electricity networks;
Communication networks (land lines, cell phones, radio, television, etc)
Irrigation schemes for small scale farmers;
Water harvesting, water basin and water shed management systems (dams etc);
Post office services and internet cafes
Rural shopping malls;
Establish savings clubs and cooperatives for economic activities ,wealth creation and the
productive use of assets
Department of Rural Development and Land Reform
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
2.6 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME’S MANDATE
The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme must emphasise sustainable development, and
its release would not have come at a better time than now. It must:
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Create mechanisms that ensure real participation by rural women in all project components and
subcomponents.
Ensure that the services of its projects reach a significant number of poor rural women and
improve the living conditions of women who are heads of households and rural women in
general.
Ensure equitable participation by rural men and women in technical assistance and technological
transfer activities under agricultural and micro-enterprise projects.
Guarantee equitable access to productive resources for both men and women
Create an enabling climate for women to play an effective and broad role in all projectgenerated actions.
Foster and ensure equitable access to credit for men and women in all projects.
Introduce market information systems on the production and marketing of agricultural
products, guaranteeing equal access for men and women.
The Department of Rural Development and Land Reform must take the lead in the coordination and
facilitation of an integrated implementation of the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme.
In the medium to long term there is a need for a Rural Development Agency. The Rural Development
Agency shall have, amongst its other responsibilities:
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Coordination to ensure the participation of relevant departments, municipalities, SOEs, NGOs,
donors, financial institutions, etc.
Planning and resource mobilisation: including land use planning, development of national rural
development plans.
Monitoring and evaluation: to ensure projects are developed in accordance to with plans2
Reporting systems and accountability: feedback to communities and stakeholders; timely
problem solving.
2.7 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PILOT PROJECT IN
LIMPOPO PROVINCE AS A CASE STUDY
This case study explores how the Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy has been
implemented in Limpopo Province. It focuses on the pilot project that is located in Muyexe Village.
The Emnambithi Local Municipality can adopt a more or less similar pilot project depending on the
needs of the people living in the rural areas.
2.7.1 THE MUYEXE VILLAGE PROGRAMME AS KEY PILOT PROGRAMME
2
Department of Rural Development and Land Reform
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
The Muyexe community has been mobilised both socially and organisationally over the past 100
days. Household profiling formed the basis of the community mobilisation, and resulted in 21
projects being identified by the Muyexe community. The community mobilisation methodology is
briefly described below under the following headings, social mobilisation; household mobilisation;
community profiling; social organisation; institutional development and youth skills training.
2.7.2 COMMUNITY MOBILISATION
a) Social Mobilisation
The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme concept was introduced and its principles and
processes were publicly discussed with the Muyexe community.
b) Household Profiling
Household level information was gathered for the 900 households. 70% of the households were
identified as struggling with unemployment and various other poverty related challenges.
c) Community Profiling
Participatory research methods were applied to capture the community profile. The profile revealed
a number of areas where the community could be supported for social development. Emanating
from the community profiling twenty-one (21) community projects were identified.
d) Social Organisation
Households were grouped into Street Level Organisations (SLOs). These SLOs will form the core of
the multi‐cooperatives that are being organised through the Office of the Premier in Limpopo.
e) Institutional Development
New democratically elected institutions were formed in the community, with the youth being
identified as central to the development of Muyexe. The youth have been organised into sub ‐
committees that liaise with the relevant provincial sector departments in the province. The
Community sub‐committees will be working under the guardianship of the Greater Giyani Ward
Committee (Ward 18).
f) Youth Skills Training
Skills development training among the youth has commenced in various fields The South African
National Defence Force has interviewed about 10 young people for training. The South African Police
Service is also in the process of identifying youth suitable for entry into the police service. The
DRD&LR will be training the sub-committee members in project management as they will be
handling specific projects in the sector departments they have been attached to.
2.7.3. COMMUNITY FOOD SECURITY INITIATIVES
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
The objective of the initiatives is to improve food security, job creation and retention, skills
development, household income generation and agricultural development. The initial projects
revolve around the MACENA women’s garden and household food security projects. The MACENA
Women’s group is an organised food producing group of 36 women that cultivate a variety of
vegetables for the local community needs and also for sale to the Giyani Spar. The following projects
designed to increase productivity and incomes have commenced through support of the IDT and the
Department of Agriculture:




Nursery construction
Office and food storage facility
Shade netting for crop production3
Irrigation infrastructure improvement
Through a public private partnership agreement the Independent Development Cooperation (IDC),
Rotary Southern Africa and the DRD&LR will be supporting the women’s group and 200 household
gardens, for a period of 3 years. The agreement means that the women and household gardens will
receive training, mentoring and support on traditional organic farming methods that are water
efficient. The agreement will see a trainer on site daily for the next 36 months. The implementing
agent will be the Organic Farms Group.
b) Household Food Security Initiatives
Vegetable garden and orchard layout design projects have commenced. Central to this project was
the fencing of household gardens. The project incorporates the fencing of 300 households (average
size 1000 square meters) for fruit trees orchard and the supply of JoJo water collection tanks.
The first ten (10) households were identified to be completed within hundred days. A total number
of 20 local people benefited from fencing projects including 11 females and 9 males. Seventeen (17)
households and one (1) crèche were supplied with JoJo tanks as a system of water harvesting. In the
process of installation of the system, 36 temporary jobs were created. Ten (10) households have
received Food‐tower gardens supplied by the Department of Agriculture.
2.7.4 COMMUNITY FACILITIES: WARD COMMITTEE OFFICES & COMMUNITY HALL
The objective of the project is to provide a service centre for the community to access government
information and ICT services for development purposes. A total number of 20 jobs have been
created during the construction phase. Of the 20 employees, 12 are from the local community. The
benefits include, employment and skills transfer during construction.
2.7.5 EDUCATION
a) Primary and High School Renovation
3
The Muyexe Village Pilot Project Progress Report
17
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
The project focuses on the renovation of classroom blocks and it includes the following:



Painting
Tiling
Roofing
The total number of 21 people was employed including 6 community members.
b) Muyexe Early Childhood Development project
This is a community-based crèche. The Department of Education supplied the crèche with a jungle
gym. There are 131 children at the crèche.
The project created 8 jobs, including 4 teachers, 2 cooks, 1 gardener and one cleaner. The 4
employees are paid by the Department of Education. The Department of Health assists the crèche
with food for the children.
2.7.6 HEALTH FACILITIES
The mobile clinic that used to visit the community weekly at the community visiting point has now
been made permanent. The nurse is onsite 5 days a week and a vacant hall has been refurbished to
provide consultation rooms for the clinic.
2.7.7
SANITATION PROJECTS
Both the primary and high schools are being equipped with improved sanitation facilities by the
Department of Water Affairs. Twenty-one community members are being temporarily employed
during the construction of these facilities.
2.7.8 WATER
The DWA appointed four teams of water experts to look into the most urgent problem in Muyexe:
the availability of clean water. All 18 boreholes in the village are being tested and will be rectified if
there are any faults.
2.8 CRDP PROGRESS SINCE APRIL 2009
The CRDP has been rolled out in 8 of the 9 provinces. Some key deliverables to date include social
and economic infrastructure to support development. These include the establishment of
community structures, the establishment of co-operatives and the establishment of the Council of
Stakeholders (to promote integrated delivery with government and community). Spatial analyses
have been completed at all 8 sites. Coordinating structures have been set up in all 8 provinces with
MEC’s nominated by the Premier to act as champions with the Department of Rural Development
and Land Reform of the CRDP.
2.9 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN KWAZULU NATAL
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
The section focuses on how is the Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy is going to be
implemented in KwaZulu Natal. It also gives examples of industries or business opportunities that
people living in rural areas can embark on in order to participate in building their own economy. The
purpose is to get an idea on what KwaZulu Natal is doing as a province to implement the
Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy.
On September 13 2009, Mike Mabuyakhulu, MEC for Economic Development and Tourism spoke on
the policy platform of rural development in KZN. He stated that sustained rural development is a
pre-requisite for the growth and reconstruction of South Africa. The recent Economic Recovery and
Jobs Summit of August 2009 took a decision to develop strategies to resuscitate KwaZulu-Natal’s
ailing economy by selecting key economic sectors that have the potential to improve the economy in
the province.
Amongst other prioritised sectors were agribusiness and forestry, wood and wood pulp and paper
which are all significant catalysts to the sustainable rural economic development. Agriculture and
forestry related activity generates 77 percent of the primary sector output in KwaZulu-Natal.
Nationally, primary forestry and forest products contribute about 5.62 percent to the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP). GDP increased from 4.5 in 1980 to 9.1 in 2004. The contribution of the
forestry sector nationally and in KwaZulu-Natal has been driven by following indicators:



Since 2007 the forestry industry has contributed about 34 700 direct jobs in KwaZulu-Natal, 29
300 in Mpumalanga, 10 300 in Cape and 2 700 in Limpopo.
In 2007 the value of sales in primary processing plants totalled R18.5 billion. This was made up of
53.2 % pulp, 10.3% chips, 17.4% lumber, 12.9% panels, 1.2 % mining timber and 4.9% other
Exporting in forestry increased from R4.6 billion in 1996 to R12.2 billion in
2007. Land use in KwaZulu-Natal is distributed amongst the following activities: grazing has
taken most of the land to 58.3 percent, arable 12.8 percent, nature conversation 15.1 percent,
forestry 5.3 percent (486 967 ha) and others 8.5 percent. The total KwaZulu-Natal land area is
9.1 million ha.
The economic performance of rural areas is lagging behind that of urban areas in many parts of the
world. While there have been many efforts to foster economic development in rural areas involving
substantial public and private investments, most have failed. There is a pressing and widely
recognised need for new approaches to rural economic development, drawing on broader learning
about the sources of competitiveness in the global economy. Merely attempting to mitigate the
generic deficiencies of regions will not be sufficient.
Instead, each rural region needs a distinctive strategy that reflects its unique strengths and its
particular mix of clusters. The strategy must also integrate its economy with the closest urban
centres. The recently released National Strategic Planning Green Paper prioritises the rural
development objective for KZN‘s countryside and for the people who live and work there. Rural
areas are a vital part of the country’s composition and its identity.
Many of rural areas face significant challenges. Some of the farming and forestry businesses still
need to build their competitiveness. More generally, the average income per head is lower in rural
regions than in towns and cities, while the skills base is narrower and the service sector is less
developed.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Caring for the rural environment often carries a financial cost. On the other hand, the KZN
countryside has a great deal to offer. It has many of the essential raw materials readily available and
its value as a place of beauty, rest and recreation when it is looked after, is self-evident. The wide
open spaces act as the lungs of the region, and are therefore the battleground for the fight against
climate change. Many people are attracted by the idea of living and/or working in the rural areas,
provided that they have access to adequate services and infrastructure.
This province is already in the process of extending support to rural communities beyond agricultural
interventions. This support has extended to broader development planning support. The best way to
achieve rural development is through the community itself, not through market forces, but through
accountability mechanisms which keep all service providers, including government, accountable to
the community according to the principle of Batho Pele. Wider community participation is crucial for
development to take place.
Rural development initiatives should work in tandem and complement other development
initiatives. Its central tenet is that, "problems facing rural communities-unemployment, poverty, job
loss, environmental degradation and loss of community control-need to be addressed in a holistic
and participatory way”.
KZN can achieve much by building social enterprises. Sometimes called ‘cooperatives’, these are
community based social enterprises that can be ambassadors for rural development partnerships
between government agencies, small to medium enterprises, large national or transitional
corporations and the not-for-profit sector and aims for social, economic and/or environmental
outcomes that none of these agencies could achieve for and by themselves.
There is the need for an active rural development programme because this will help to achieve
valuable goals for people who work and live in rural areas. At its core the rural development policy
must be driven by the need to have all the partners, whether from government or the private sector,
synchronising their activities in order to derive maximum returns. Perhaps the single most often
missing factor in rural development endeavours has been lack of coordination and synchronisation
of initiatives. There is no doubt that, when finalised, among other things, the policy on rural
development, would have taken this need into account.
Land legal issues, topography, a lack of basic infrastructure and many other factors must be dealt
with. Many brilliant development ideas have stalled simply because of the bottlenecks they
encountered. The Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy must emphasise sustainable
development, and its release would not have come at any better time than now. As a matter of
extreme importance, it must:



Create mechanisms that ensure real participation by rural women in all project components and
subcomponents.
Ensure that project services reach a significant number of poor rural women to
improve the living conditions of women who are heads of households and rural women in
general.
Ensure equitable participation by rural men and women in technical assistance and technological
transfer activities under agricultural and micro-enterprise projects.
20
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)



Guarantee equitable access to productive resources for both men and women to
create an enabling climate for women to play an effective and broad role in all projectgenerated actions.
Foster and ensure equitable access to credit for men and women in all projects
Introduce market information systems on the production and marketing of agricultural products,
and guarantee equal access to them for men and women.
In KwaZulu-Natal, we are on the move. In setting the development agenda for the province for the
next five years, the province is driving a number of flagship programmes including agrarian
transformation, rural development and land reform. In implementing the above programmes the
province has identified three intervention strategies for agrarian transformation, namely:



Food security programme
Emergent farmer programme
Commercial enterprise/farmer support programme
2.9.1: EMERGENT COMMUNAL FARMER PROGRAMME
The emerging farmer programme is aimed at providing support to disadvantaged farmers to enable
persons in this category to increase their contribution to agricultural production in KwaZulu-Natal.
These farmers are landing a situation where the farming enterprise is not fully developed as a
commercial operation and the farmer is not an experienced and trained commercial farmer.
This category of farmers is primarily found on communal land and land reform projects where
settlement and subsistence agriculture are dominant. They require support at a primary production
level in the following areas:





General farming support in mentorship and training.
On-farm infrastructure support in the form of inputs, soil testing, fencing, mechanisation &
machinery, irrigation.
Off-farm infrastructure such as dip tanks and sale yards.
Support in ploughing and other direct interventions.
Crops are typically not specialised such as maize and dry beans.
The Department of Agriculture, Environmental Affairs and Rural Development has developed a
comprehensive
support
programme
for
this
category
of
farmer.
These are emerging farmers and tourism operators who have acquired developed agricultural and
tourism enterprises. The access to these commercial enterprises has often been through the land
reform programmes, and through development finance institutions like the Land Bank and Ithala.
There are also an increasing number of Black persons who have managed to acquire commercial
farms outside of the Land Reform Programme. The State is investing substantially in these
enterprises and if the rural development benefits from these enterprises are to be realised, then
there must be dedicated resources to provide appropriate support.
These emerging farmers and tourism operators face a number of challenges, including the need for
comprehensive training and capacity building, access to finance, access to markets and technical
support. The Province and the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform have established
21
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
an institutional vehicle to provide these support services. The Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) will
essentially be a one stop shop that will provide an envelope of resources and services that can be
mobilised in the form of:




Capacity building, training and mentoring in enterprise management, land care and land
ownership, and technical training.
Technical support in areas such as production and business support, access to information,
empowerment in the broader value chain.
On-farm support such as infrastructure, timeous delivery of inputs, and early warning systems
for farmers.
Access to resources and partnerships with development finance institutions, commodity
organisations and other private players.
The SPV is an inter-departmental initiative bringing together resources and capacity from the
provincial Departments of Economic Development and Tourism, the Department of Agriculture,
Environment and Rural Development; and nationally the Department of Rural Development and
Land Reform and the Department of Trade and Industry. A key development and delivery modality
can be achieved through partnerships and relationships with the private sector and other civil
society institutions.
Challenges Facing Rural Areas
Lessons from the CRDP sites or pilot projects indicate that the challenges of rural areas include the
following:











Under utilisation and /or unsustainable use of natural resources.
Poor or lack of access to socio-economic infrastructure and services, public amenities and
government services (e.g. there are industrial parks lying idle especially in the former homeland
areas).
Lack of access to water or lack of water resources for both household and agricultural
development.
Low literacy, skills levels and migratory labour practises.
Decay of the social fabric (child/women headed households, crime, family disputes and lack of
Ubuntu).
Death of cultural progress.
Unresolved restitution and land tenure issues.
Townships not formally established thus hindering service provision and development.
Dependence on social grants and other forms of social security.
Unexploited opportunities in agriculture, tourism, mining and manufacturing.
Dispersed houses which make it more expensive to provide public amenities.
The Comprehensive Rural Development mandate was discussed and the critical stakeholders
involved in implementing the programme were identified. The CRDP pilot programme that is
currently being implemented in Limpopo, Muyexe Village, was discussed as a case study. The section
gives an in-depth illustration on what happened as the project was being implemented, namely:

A social mobilisation, household profiling and community profiling was conducted;
22
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)






There is also Institutional Development and Youth Skills Training;
Community food security initiatives and household food security initiatives were identified,
developed and supported;
Community facilities like, Ward committee offices and a community hall were established as a
service centre where the community could access government information and ICT services for
development purposes.
There was also an intervention from the Department of Education, where a Primary School and
High School were renovated. All the equipment needed for renovations were supplied by the
Department. Furthermore, the Department supplied a jungle gym to a community based crèche
to support Early Childhood Development.
Health facilities were made available since the mobile clinic that used to visit the community
weekly was made permanent.
There were sanitation projects and water borehole projects developed with the help of the
Department of Water Affairs.
The case study above can be used as a model when implementing the CRDP programme in other
Provinces and Emnambithi/Ladysmith in particular since it has with the Rural Development Strategy.
There are also CRDP interventions in the uMsinga and Vryheid area that are currently being
implemented. About four local Wards were targeted and the unemployed youth of the uMsinga area
were chosen to conduct community profiling on the targeted wards. Currently, the spatial analysis
has been completed and specifications for bulk water supply have been completed. Fencing
infrastructure plans for uMsinga have been completed and the electrification roll out plan is being
finalised. Irrigation infrastructure plans are also being rolled out. The next section will focus on the
status quos of Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality
2.10. CONCLUSION
This section first defined what is understood by the term ‘rural development’ in a South African
context and outlined the general characteristics of a rural area. It gave an overview of key factors
needed in promoting rural development, these factors include:






Local economic development;
Promotion of local markets;
Promotion of Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises;
Promotion of small scale agriculture;
Promotion of tourism and eco-tourism; and
Promotion of labour intensity.
All of the above key factors were discussed and named as part of the interventions that can help in
developing and strengthening the economy of the people residing in the rural areas.
The section further discussed the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) and its
implementation as a government’s new intervention in speeding up rural development. The three
components of the CRDP programme were discussed, namely:

Agrarian transformation;
23
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)


Rural development ; and
Land reform.
SECTION 3 THE STATUS QUO OF RURAL EMNAMBITHI
This section focuses on the socio-economic status of the population and economy of rural
Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality. More specifically this section will entail the identification,
profiling and analysis of the population and the socio-economic conditions that fall within rural areas
of Emnambithi Local Municipality. The purpose of this section is to help in the Municipality identify
the needs and constraints that tend to hinder rural development and eventually come up with
solutions. It concludes by giving a summary of needs required in rural development in Emnambithi.
3.1 OVERVIEW OF RURAL WARDS
24
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
The Emnambithi / Ladysmith Local Municipality spans an area of 3020km and covers the following
settlement areas: the former Ladysmith TLC area, including Steadville and Ezakheni, two settlements
administered by Abantungwa-Kolwa Traditional Authority, other settlements and privately owned
farmlands, including Roosboom, St Chads, Rantjiesvlakte, Roodpoort, Klienfontein, Klipfontein,
Doornhoek, Emgazini, Mathondwane, Driefontein, Kirkitullock,Watersmeet, Mtateni, Burford,
Watershed, Compensation, Hobsland, Matiwaneskop, Jononoskop, Besters, Bluebank, Elandlaagte,
Van Reenen, St Joseph’s Mission, Steincoalspruit, Fort Mistake, and Lusitania. Below, are types of
settlements that are there in rural Emnambithi.
Map 1: Emnambithi Ingonyama Trust land
25
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Source: Emnambithi GIS Department

Tribal areas
The municipality has one tribal area, Abantungwa-Kolwa. This tribal area of the ELM covers a small
geographic area within the municipality. However, it is characterised by the highest population
densities in the municipality, with densities up to more than 500 people per square kilometre. It is
also characterised by lack of social, economic and bulk infrastructure coupled with an extremely
weak economy.
26
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
The area is classified as a secondary node in the municipal Spatial Development Framework that is
Driefontein Complex. There are also other Secondary Nodes which includes Matiwaneskop Complex,
Colenso Complex and Van Reenen. In the IDP the Driefontein Complex has been identified as an area
of priority spending by the municipality. The high population density in this area provides an
opportunity of infrastructure, rural development and social services. This predisposition of wards
that have high population density provides good conditions of where the Comprehensive Rural
Development Strategy can be implemented.
27
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Source: Emnambithi GIS Department

Farmlands
The farmlands cover a large extent of the municipal geographic area. Population densities are low in
the farmlands within up to 20 people per square kilometre ward 24,23,8 .Parts of ward 7 and 13
have significantly low densities of less the 5 people per kilometre square. The Comprehensive Rural
Development Strategy can also be implemented on such areas to help with poverty eradication and
improve the economic situation in rural areas.
Map 3: All the farmlands in Emnambithi
28
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Source: Emnambithi GIS Department

Urban areas
The urban areas of Ladysmith geographically occupy a very small area of the municipality. These
include the urban areas of Ladysmith, Ezakheni, Colenso, including iNkanyezi. However, these areas
are characterized by a high concentration of people as they provide high economic opportunities
and social services.
29
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
3.2 PROFILING THE RURAL WARDS
This paragraph gives a brief overview of status quo of rural Emnambithi and it further discusses the
social amenities that are there or not there in the rural areas. This is done to give an illustration how
the lack of resources could be turned into projects or opportunities in the rural areas.
Below is Table 1 which shows the total population which reside in the rural wards of Emnambithi.
Table1: Total number of population residing in rural wards of Emnambithi
Ward
Population
13
9,611
14
9,930
15
7,978
16
8,588
17
10,810
18
8,190
19
8,077
20
15,584
23
8,623
24
12,304
Total
99,695
Source: Statistics South Africa-2001 Census.
Table 2 below then gives a thorough view of the status quos of rural wards in Emnambithi. It gives an
indication of the availability of public amenities like water and sanitation, transport and electricity.
Table 2: Statistic information and needs of rural wards of Emnambithi.
Ward
number
Statistic information
13

Population size and gender distribution Ward 13
Population group
Total
%
30
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Black African
9,425
98
Coloured
9
0.09
Indian or Asian
3
0.03
White
174
1.81
Male
4,759
50
Female
4,852
50
Total
9,611
100
Source: Statistics South Africa-2001 Census
Approximately 9,611 out of 225 452 population reside in ward 13 and there is a 50%
balance between number of males and females.

Age group population Distribution Ward 13
Age group
Total
%
0-4
1,235
13
5-14
2,339
24.34
15-34
3,528
36.71
35-64
2108
21.93
65 and over
399
4.15
Total
9,611
100
Source: Statistics South Africa-2001 Census
Most residents here are aged 15-34 at a percentage of 36.71%, followed by those aged
between 5-14.This is a youth dominated ward.
31
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)

Household Income Ward 13
Household income (p.a.)
Total
%
No income
662
31.81163
R1-R4 800
257
12.34983
R4 801- R9 600
459
22.0567
R9 601-R19 200
359
17.25132
R19 201-R38 400
186
8.938011
R38 401-R76 800
97
4.661221
R76 801-R153 600
42
2.01826
R153 601- R307 200
11
0.528592
R307 201- R614 400
3
0.144161
R614 401- R1 228800
0
0
R 1 228 801- R 2457 600
6
0.288323
R2 457 601 and more
0
0
Total
2,081
100
Source: Statistics South Africa-2001 Census
The percentage of people with no source of income is the highest here, whilst a vast
majority earns between R4801 and R9600.This maybe an indication that most of the
people in this rural ward depend on grant money to sustain themselves and therefore
there is a major need for the job-creation initiatives.

Employment status Ward 13
32
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Employment Status
%
Employed
14%
Unemployed
15%
Scholar or student
71%
Source: Statistics South Africa-2001 Census
The high percentage of economically inactive people is very high as it is evident that
this ward is dominated by the youth.

Education Ward 13
There are enough schools in this ward but they need to be upgraded and extended.

Health facilities Ward 13
There is a shortage of health facilities in this ward as only one clinic exists near
Watersmeet. More mobile clinics need to be deployed. A permanent clinic is also
recommended in Roosboom.

Transport Ward 13
There is a Provincial N3 and District N11 which passes through this ward, so there is a
regular need for the road to be well maintained. Access roads to rural households need
to be upgraded as they are in a poor condition. Taxis are the main mode of transport in
this area since it is characterised by the high rate of unemployment.
14

Population size Ward 14
Population
Total
%
Black African
9,927
99,97
Coloured
3
0,03
Indian or Asian
0
0
White
0
0
33
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Male
4,710
47
Female
5,220
53
Total
9,930
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Females are the most dominant people in this ward with 53%, the approximate figure
of the Emnambithi Local Municipality is 225 452 of which 9,930 resides in ward 14.

Age group population distribution Ward 14
Age group
Total
%
0-4
1,202
12
5-14
2,477
24,94
15-34
3,488
35,13
35-64
2297
23,13
65 and over
466
4,69
Total
9,930
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
The highest percentage of people in this ward is between ages 15 and 34, which makes
this ward to be dominated with young people.

Household Income Ward 14
Household income
Households
%
No income
606
32,39
R1-R4 800
144
7,70
34
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
R4 801- R9 600
450
24,05
R9 601-R19 200
341
18,23
R19 201-R38 400
225
12,03
R38 401-R76 800
65
3,47
R76 801-R153 600
13
0,69
R153 601- R307 200
0
0
R307 201- R614 400
0
0
R614 401- R1 228800
9
0,48
R 1 228 801- R 2457 12
600
0,64
R2 457 601 and more
6
0,32
Total
1,871
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Most people here fall within the region of no income at all ,whilst the majority of
earners are in the R4 801 and R9 600 spectrum which is below the minimum household
income per annum and the highest earning are at R2 457 601 or more region are at 0,3
%. The no income group imply that most people are dependent on government’s
grants.

Employment status (15-65 years) Ward 14
Employed
11%
Unemployed
23%
Not economically active
66%
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
35
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)

Education Ward 14
There are only seven schools present in this ward and they need to be upgraded.

Health facilities Ward 14
A clinic nearby is located more than 15 km away, there is a need to upgrade services
provided at this clinic. There is also a need for a mobile clinic to try and make health
facilities more accessible to people in the area.

Transport Ward 14
There is a provincial road P189 and district road D789 which provide access to the
ward, however it is in a bad condition and require regular maintenance.
15

Population size Ward 15
Population group
Total
%
Black African
7,978
100
Coloured
0
0
Indian or Asian
0
0
White
0
0
Male
3,700
46
Female
4,278
54
Total
7,978
100
Ward 15 is a home to 3,54% of 225 452 population residing in Emnambithi Local
Municipality of which 100% of those are black Africans and females are the highest
group with 54%.

Age group population distribution Ward 15
Age group
Total
%
36
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
0-4
909
11,39
5-14
1878
23,54
15-34
2940
36,85
35-64
1896
23,77
65 and over
356
4,46
Total
7,978
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
The highest age group here are those between the ages 15-34 with 36%, then those
between 35-64 with 23, 77%.

Household income Ward 15
Household
(p.a.)
income Households
%
No income
301
19,67
R1-R4 800
158
10,33
R4 801- R9 600
391
25,56
R9 601-R19 200
357
23,33
R19 201-R38 400
226
14,77
R38 401-R76 800
64
4,18
R76 801-R153 600
24
1,56
R153 601- R307 200
9
0,59
R307 201- R614 400
0
0
37
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
R614 401- R1 228800
0
0
R 1 228 801- R 2457 600
0
0
R2 457 601 and more
0
0
Total
1,530
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Approximately 19, 67% of people in the ward have no source of income, and the
majority of the people earn between R4 801-R9 600 p.a.

Employment status (15-65 years) Ward 15
Employed
16%
Unemployed
22%
Not economically active
62%
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Research has shown that 16% of the people in this rural ward are employed, 22% is
unemployed and 62% of the people are economically inactive.

Education Ward 15
There are only three schools in the ward to service a huge number of pupils, this shows
that there is a need for another school in the ward.

Health facilities Ward 15
The closest hospital is more than 20 km from this community which indicates there is a
great need for a clinic in this ward.

Transportation Ward 15
The existing road network is in a bad condition and taxis are the main mode of
transportation in the area.
16

Population size ward 16
38
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Population group
Total
%
Black African
8,579
99,9
Coloured
6
0,07
Indian or Asian
0
0
White
3
0,03
Male
4,058
47
Female
4,529
53
Total
8,588
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001
Approximately 3, 81 percent of the Emnambithi Local Municipality population which is
225 452 in total reside in ward 16 and females has the highest percentage of 53%.This
can be due to the fact that males relocate to urban areas in search of employment
opportunities and women are left behind to look after the children.

Age group population distribution Ward 16
Age group
Total
%
0-4
989
11,52
5-14
2,237
26,05
15-34
3,162
36,82
35-64
1870
21,77
65 and over
330
3,84
39
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Total
8,588
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001
The highest age group is people aged between 15-34 with 36, 82 percent.

Household income Ward 16
Household income (p.a.)
Households
Total
No income
465
29,51
R1-R4 800
216
13,71
R4 801- R9 600
414
26,27
R9 601-R19 200
254
16,11
R19 201-R38 400
139
8,82
R38 401-R76 800
62
3,93
R76 801-R153 600
18
1,14
R153 601- R307 200
6
0,38
R307 201- R614 400
3
0,19
R614 401- R1 228800
0
0
R 1 228 801- R 2457 600
0
0
R2 457 601 and more
0
0
Total
1,576
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001
This household income table shows that the ‘no income’ group is the majority in ward
16 and females are the highest group.
40
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)

Employment status Ward 16
Employment status (15-65 years)
Employed
13%
Unemployed
23%
Not economically active
64%
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Only 13% of the people are employed in ward 16. 23% of the people are
unemployed.64 % of the people is economically inactive.

Education ward 16
There are two educational facilities in this ward to cater for a larger amount of pupil. It
is evident that there is a shortage of schools in the area.

Health facilities ward 16
The closest hospital is located more than 20km away from the people, there is a great
need for at least a clinic in this area.

Transportation ward 16
The rural access roads are in a bad condition and need maintenance.
17

Population size Ward 17
Population group
Population Group
Total
Black African
10,795
99,86
Coloured
15
0,14
Indian or Asian
0
0
White
0
0
41
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Male
4,967
46
Female
5,843
54
Total
10,810
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Ward 17 has a population density of 10,810 out of 225 452 population of the
Emnambithi Municipality of which 99, 86 % of those people are black Africans. Females
are the highest group of 54%.

Age group population distribution Ward 17
Age group
Total
%
0-4
1,227
11
5-14
2,945
27
15-34
3,708
34
35-64
2407
22,27
65 and over
525
4,86
Total
10,810
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
The highest age group here are those between the ages of 15-34 with 40% while the
lowest has 4, 86%.

Household Income Ward 17
Household income (p.a.)
Households
%
No income
507
24,48
R1-R4 800
250
12,07
42
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
R4 801- R9 600
530
25,59
R9 601-R19 200
371
17,91
R19 201-R38 400
261
12,60
R38 401-R76 800
123
5,94
R76 801-R153 600
18
0,87
R153 601- R307 200
9
0,43
R307 201- R614 400
0
0
R614 401- R1 228800
0
0
R 1 228 801- R 2457 600
0
0
R2 457 601 and more
3
0,14
Total
2,071
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
The highest number of earning people in 17 are getting between R4 801 –R 9600 with
25, 59% percent and the region with the highest earners are in the region of R2 457 601
or more with 0, 14%.

Employment Status Ward 17
Employed
11%
Unemployed
18%
Not economically active
71%
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census

Education Ward 17
43
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
There is a need to of adding and upgrading schools in this ward since it has a large
population.

Health Ward 17
The closest hospital is more than 20 km away from the community which raises a need
for the clinic to be built around in the ward. This shows a need for a mobile clinic in the
area.

Transportation Ward 17
People use mainly public transport as a mode of transport. The access roads in the area
are gravel roads.
18

Population size
Population group
Total
%
Black African
8,187
99,63
Coloured
3
0,37
Indian or Asian
0
0
White
0
0
Male
3,842
47
Female
4,348
53
Total
8,190
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
In ward 18 there are approximately 8,190 residents of which females are the highest
population group.

Age group population distribution
Age group
Total
%
44
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
0-4
936
11,43
5-14
2,089
26
15-34
2,887
35
35-64
1890
23,08
65 and over
392
4,79
Total
8,190
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
The table above shows that ward 18 is a youth dominated area as 35% of people living
there are aged between 15-35.

Household income levels
Household income (p.a.)
Households
%
No income
561
34,89
R1-R4 800
125
7,77
R4 801- R9 600
404
25,12
R9 601-R19 200
250
15,55
R19 201-R38 400
181
11,26
R38 401-R76 800
76
4,73
R76 801-R153 600
9
0,56
R153 601- R307 200
3
0,19
R307 201- R614 400
0
0
45
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
R614 401- R1 228800
0
0
R 1 228 801- R 2457 600
0
0
R2 457 601 and more
0
0
Total
1,608
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
A large number of ward 18 population fall within the ‘no income’ region, whilst the
majority of earners are in the region of R4 801- R 9600.

Employment status
Employed
10%
Unemployed
19%
Not economically active
71%
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census

Education
There are six existing schools in the area, they just need to be upgraded and renovated.

Health
There is a Provincial clinic in Driefontein but it is not easily accessible since it is located
to far from the other people in the ward.

Transportation
The main road is in a fair condition but the rural access roads are in a bad condition.
19

Population size Ward 19
46
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Population group
Total
%
Black African
8,077
100
Coloured
0
0
Indian or Asian
0
0
White
0
0
Male
3,766
47
Female
4,311
53
Total
8,077
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
8.077 population of the Emnambithi municipality reside in ward 19, which is 3, 58% of
the total population.

Age group population distribution Ward 19
Age group
Total
%
0-4
961
26,61
5-14
2,149
27
15-34
2,697
33
35-64
1743
21,58
65 and over
528
6,53
Total
8,077
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
The above table gives an illustration that ward is a rural ward that has mainly young
people.
47
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)

Household income Ward 19
Household income (p.a.)
Households
%
No income
585
35,18
R1-R4 800
212
12,74
R4 801- R9 600
451
27,12
R9 601-R19 200
256
15,39
R19 201-R38 400
118
7,09
R38 401-R76 800
33
1,98
R76 801-R153 600
9
0,54
R153 601- R307 200
0
0
R307 201- R614 400
0
0
R614 401- R1 228800
0
0
R 1 228 801- R 2457 600
0
0
R2 457 601 and more
0
0
Total
1,663
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Ward 19 is a deep rural ward. The majority of people have no source of income, whilst
those who have income earn in the region of R4 801 and R9 600 spectrum. The highest
earners earn between R76 801 and R153 600.

Employment status Ward 19
48
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Employed
7%
Unemployed
15%
Not economically active
78%
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
This is one of the wards that require immediate rural economic development
intervention.

Education Ward 19
There are seven schools in this ward and they require good maintenance.

Health facilities Ward 19
There is a Kleinfontein Provincial Clinic but is located far from the community. A mobile
clinic can be of great help.

Transport Ward 19
Roads are in a bad state and buses are the main mode of transport in this area.
20

Population size Ward 20
Population group
Total
%
Black African
11,744
75
Coloured
172
1,10
Indian or Asian
3,642
23
White
27
0,17
Male
7,420
48
Female
8,164
52
Total
15,584
100
49
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
There are about 15,584 people residing in ward 20. This ward is semi-urban and semi –
rural. The female are the ones who are most dominating in this ward.

Age group population Distribution
Age group
Total
%
0-4
1,697
11
5-14
3,490
22
15-34
5,840
37
35-64
4,065
26
65 and over
494
3,17
Total
15,584
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
The above table shows that in ward 20 in a youthful ward since the youth make up 37%
while elderly people make up 3, 17%.

Household income
Household income (p.a.)
Total
%
No income
937
25,49
R1-R4 800
323
8,77
R4 801- R9 600
599
16,29
R9 601-R19 200
527
14,34
R19 201-R38 400
512
13,93
50
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
R38 401-R76 800
424
11,53
R76 801-R153 600
280
7,62
R153 601- R307 200
53
1,44
R307 201- R614 400
12
0,33
R614 401- R1 228800
6
0,16
R 1 228 801- R 2457 600
3
0,08
R2 457 601 and more
0
0
Total
3,676
100
Most people in the ward fall within the region of having no income whilst the majority
of earners are in the region of R4 801 and R9 600.

Education Ward 20
There are five schools in the area, however not enough to serve the numbers of
population residing in ward 20.

Health facilities Ward 20
There is one provincial clinic on the periphery of the Ward which is too far for the
whole community to utilise.

Transportation Ward 20
Most of the roads in this ward are gravel and taxis are the main mode of transportation
23

Population size Ward 23
Population group
Total
%
Black African
8,620
99,66
Coloured
3
0,34
51
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Indian or Asian
0
0
White
0
0
Male
3,986
46
Female
4,637
54
Total
8,623
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Approximately 8,623 out of 225 452 of the population reside in ward 23.There is 54% of
females residing in the area.

Age group population distribution ward 23
Age group
Total
%
0-4
1,180
15,07
5-14
1,188
15,17
15-34
2,860
37
35-64
2159
27,57
65 and over
444
5,67
Total
7,831
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
The highest age groups here are the youth which consists of 37%.

Household income Ward 23
Household income (p.a.)
Total
%
No income
669
41,97
52
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
R1-R4 800
97
6,08
R4 801- R9 600
495
31,05
R9 601-R19 200
227
14,24
R19 201-R38 400
76
4,77
R38 401-R76 800
18
1,13
R76 801-R153 600
12
0,75
R153 601- R307 200
0
0
R307 201- R614 400
0
0
R614 401- R1 228800
0
0
R 1 228 801- R 2457 600
0
0
R2 457 601 and more
0
0
Total
1,594
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Most residents in ward 23 earn between R4 801 and R9 600 per annum as it appears on
the above household table. Approximately 41, 97% of the population do not have any
income.

Employment status Ward 23
Employment status
%
Employed
6
Unemployed
19
Not economically active
74
53
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Research has shown that 74% of the population group is unemployed which poses a
problem to rural development. The new Comprehensive Rural Development
Programme must create initiatives to address unemployment.

Education Ward 23
There are seven schools in the ward of which two of them are high schools. The high
schools are located far.

Health facilities Ward 23
There is one Provincial clinic in ward 23 (Matiwaneskop) which caters for more than
eight thousand people.

Transportation Ward 23
There are only gravel roads in this ward.
Ward 24

Population size and gender distribution Ward 24
Population group
Total
%
Black African
12,023
98
Coloured
57
46,33
Indian or Asian
0
0
White
224
1.8
Male
5,999
49
Female
6,306
51
Total
12,304
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
Ward 24 is the second large ward in terms of population distribution as it has
approximately 12,304 people residing in this ward.
54
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)

Age group population distribution
Age group
Total
%
0-4
1,535
12
5-14
3,337
27
15-34
4,101
33.3
35-64
2687
21.8
65 and over
643
5.23
Total
12,304
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
The largest age group in ward 24 is 15 to 34, hence this is a youthful ward.

Household income
Household income (p.a.)
households
%
No income
726
28,58
R1-R4 800
365
14,37
R4 801- R9 600
783
30,83
R9 601-R19 200
383
15,08
R19 201-R38 400
170
6,69
R38 401-R76 800
74
2,91
R76 801-R153 600
25
0,98
55
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
R153 601- R307 200
9
0,35
R307 201- R614 400
6
0,24
R614 401- R1 228800
0
0
R 1 228 801- R 2457 600
0
0
R2 457 601 and more
0
0
Total
2,540
100
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
There are quite a number of people earning between R4 801 and R9 600 per annum
which is followed by people who have no income. This has been dominant in every
ward profiling; it indicates that there is a need for the government to support local
economic development in rural areas.
Employment status
%
Employed
33
Unemployed
6
Not economically active
61
Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census
The above figures indicate that there are many people who are unemployed in ward 24.

Education Ward 24
There are a number of existing educational facilities in the ward which make a total of
nine schools, they only need to be renovated.

Health facilities Ward 24
There is not even one health facility in this ward, the closest hospital is more than 60km
away hence a clinic is needed in ward 24.
56
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)

Transportation Ward 24
The access roads in the ward are in a very poor condition. Vans and taxis are the two
main modes of transport.
57
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
3.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF RURAL EMNAMBITHI/LADYSMITH.
The SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project. It involves
specifying the objective of the project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favourable and unfavourable to achieve that objective.
Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the
SWOTs. Below are the common and general Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats that were found in most rural areas of Emnambithi.
The table below provides the SWOT analysis of each rural ward in Emnambithi /Ladysmith Municipality. The SWOT analysis was informed by the five
workshops that were held in rural wards and the information from the tables on the previous section.
Ward
number
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Ward 13
There are many community
development cooperatives
Lack of commitment
from the community.
More agricultural farming can be done since
there is plenty of land available
There is not enough job creation
opportunities in the area
There is enough water for
human consumption and
electricity in the area
Lack of skills
development and
capacity.
There is a plot for a fresh produce market
already in place.
Lack of maintenance of infrastructure
There are tourism
opportunities in the ward
Scattered community
households makes
communication
breakdown.
There is an Apollo light
mini-factory
There is a market for sewing since there are
schools in the area they can buy school
uniforms from sewing coops.
Not enough water for irrigation
purposes
Rehabilitation of Dongas
There is an opportunity for soil mining since
there is good soil for mining purposes.
Upgrading of Public Transport System
Tourism development projects
Construction of clinic in Roosboom.
Piggery projects
58
Upgrading Social facilities
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Ward
number
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Sweet potatoes projects
There are no skills developments for the
youth in the area.
There is a need for rural transportation
program.
There is a scarcity of crèches in the area.
There are no shopping centres in the ward
Ward 14
There is a vast area for
agricultural development.
Rate of unemployment
is high.
There are major
commercial agriculture
activities taking place.
There is a need for
provision of proper
sanitation and clean
water.
There are also spazas in the
area.
There is a river in the area
which can help in irrigating
Upgrade and
maintenance of roads
in Hobsland-Manzini,
Shayingubu, Burdford-
Sand mining is practised in the area but
needs to be formalised in terms of training
people how to make bricks.
The high rate of crime in the area is a
threat.
Access roads are in a bad state.
There are already existing coops which are
involved in sewing school uniforms for
Ntsungulu Lower Primary School and Ndalela
High School.
Health care facilities need to be
developed in Burdfod-Esidakeni and
Nomveku.
There is soup kitchen project for the orphans
and child headed.
The seven schools in the area need to
be upgraded.
There are two type of clay soil in the area,
59
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Ward
number
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
part of the community
gardening projects
Ezitendeni.
maybe tourists can be interested to see this.
There is a need for skills
development for the
unemployed youth in
the ward.
There is a mountain where the beading
products are planted, and there is also a
fountain that can form part of tourist
attraction.
There are no tarred
roads in the ward
People need to be capacitated in order to
fruitfully utilise the land acquired through
the land reform programme.
There is a need for a
police station and a
library.
Ward 15
The area has a good
potential for agricultural
farming.
There is no clinic in the
area of Peacetown and
Kirkintulloch.
There is a river in this ward
which can be useful when it
comes to irrigation.
There is no electricity in
the following areas,
Dark city and
Gudlintaba.
Threats
There sand in the area that opens an The settlements in this ward are largely
opportunity
to
start
brick-making dispersed which makes it hard to
opportunities.
provide all the social amenities.
The whole area is under Abantungwa Kholwa
Traditional Authority and there is vacant
land that can assist in Housing Development The clinic is located very far from the
community, a mobile clinic that will visit
Projects.
the area regularly is recommended.
60
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Ward
number
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
There are no RDP
houses in the ward.
There is quite a number
of unemployed youth in
the area.
Ward 16
Ward 16 has many coops
which are self-sustainable.
Lack of skills
development
There is enough land for
agricultural farming.
Poor accessibility to
government
programmes and
funding.
There is clay soil which is
good for building purposes.
There is a river which is
good for irrigation of plants.
There is a crèche in
Egcizela but it is not in
a good condition.
There is enough land for agricultural High rates of crime
purposes but because of lack of knowledge,
There are only two schools in this ward
it cannot be used to its full potential.
which are not adequate in servicing the
The area is good for goat and cattle farming, whole ward.
the vision for this ward is to supply their
There is a high rate of unemployment in
product locally and even abroad.
the ward which indicates a need for
There is a potential for sweet chillies farming forming coops and youth skills
and aloe products.
development centre.
Establishment of major coops which include
stock farming and ploughing.
There is a clinic in the
ward but located too
far from the
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Ward
number
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
The access roads are in
a bad state and needs
to be maintained.
There are often power
outages in the area and
it is negatively affecting
the community.
The water from the
river, which people
drink is contaminated,
therefore there is a
need for proper
sanitation.
There is a need for a
community hall in
Egcizeni
There is a need for a
clinic in Peacetown,
Mashiselweni.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Ward
number
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Ward 17
There is a lot of vacant land
which can be utilised for
both agricultural purposes
and development
There is a need for a
clinic in the ward
Most of the land belong to Abantungwa
Kholwa Tribal Authority and can help in RDP
housing projects.
There is a high level of crime in the
ward.
Water and electricity
supply is very poor in
the ward.
The land can also be used when building a
skills development centre for the
unemployed youth in the ward.
Since the community is widely
dispersed it makes it more expensive to
provide social amenities.
There are no skills
development centres
for the unemployed
youth in the area.
Ward 18
There is provincial clinic
in Driefontein and most
of the people in the
ward cannot access it
because it is too far.
There are quite a number of community
based projects but they do not have skills on
how to acquire funding and other
equipments to grow and boost their projects
The police station is
located too far from
63
There is a high rate of crime.
Most of the coops are falling apart
because they lack support and
knowledge mostly on how to manage
their finances
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Ward
number
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
the community and
there is a need for a
satellite police station
that will be located
closer to the people.
There is a high rate of
unemployment in the
ward.
There is a need for RDP
housing development
projects in Emaswazini,
Emathuneni and in
Ntuthwini.
Ward 19
There are adequate schools
in the ward
There is land for agriculture
The roads are in a bad
state they require
maintenance.
There are dongas in the area
Establishment of mini factories to generate
employment opportunities.
People lack skills and
64
Most of the cooperatives
collapsed in the ward.
have
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Ward
number
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
available.
knowledge which
hinders them to take
part in building their
own economy.
There needs to be skills development centres Land reform is still an issue and it tends
where the youth can acquire skills for them
to hinder community development.
to participate in developing their own
There is a lack of water and electricity in
economy.
the area.
Upgrade Public transport System.
Many young people cannot afford
tertiary education, so there are few
Formation of organised cooperatives.
professionals in this ward
There is a river running in this ward and
there are wetlands, which can be a tourism
Increasing rate of crime due to high rate
attraction
of unemployment.
There many cooperatives in
the area but you find
conflict arising in these
cooperatives
The issue of land
reform is also an issue
in this ward.
Grazing lands are not
fenced which often
leads to animal theft.
Threats
.
Ward 20
There is good quality sand
for brick-making projects
There is lot of agricultural
farming practised in St
Chad’s.
Most of the population in
this ward has clean water
and sanitation, they also
There are five schools
in the ward and they
are not enough for the
community they serve
The ward has one
health facility and
requires a mobile clinic
There is a RDP Housing in Ndomba.
Lack of access to funding for coops who
want to grow their businesses.
There is an opportunity for poultry farming
in the ward.
There is an opportunity to initiate more
coops in order to include people in the rural
65
Some of the access roads are in a poor
condition and they become more
problematic when it is raining.
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Ward
number
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
have electricity.
which can cater to
those who live too far
from the clinic.
areas in developing their own economy.
There is a river in the area and an open
space which can serve a park which can
attract visitors
Ward 23
The ward has plenty of
vacant land which can be
used for housing
development projects.
There is a river which adds
value as an irrigation
system.
There is not enough
water and electricity in
the area.
The roads are in a bad
state and most of them
are gravel, there is a
need for them to be
upgraded in order for
easy access for
ambulances and mobile
clinics to the ward.
Availability of grazing land
Lack of public amenities.
Since there is plenty of land available in the
ward, a housing project is recommended.
High rate of crime in the area.
Youth skills training centre can create
employment opportunities for many
unemployed youth in the area.
There is a river in the ward, which can help
small scale farmers when irrigating.
66
There is a lack of public amenities like
water and electricity in most areas in
Ward 23.
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Ward
number
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Development of a sports complex.
Lack of skills and capacity building for
the unemployed youth in the area.
There is a need for a
sport ground in
Jononoskop.
There is a need for a
crèche in Jononoskop.
There is a need for a
pedestrian bridge in
Matiwane, Emdutshini.
Ward 24
There is a lot of commercial
and subsistence farming
happening in the ward.
There is river in the ward
that helps with irrigation of
the farms.
The access roads are in
a very poor condition.
There is a need for foot
bridge in Matiwane and
Endingeni.
Community gardens at Endingeni require
support in terms of fencing, farming material
and seeds.
There is a need to upgrade roads in
67
There is a high rate of crime.
The public transport system needs to be
upgraded.
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Ward
number
Strengths
Most of the people in the
ward have access to public
amenities.
There is a need for a Multipurpose centre in
Baldarskraal.
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Lot of people do not
have access to land
since the land is owned
by farmers.
Endingeni, Baldarskraal, Fort Mistake and
Enkunzi.
There is an opportunity for land reform
system so that people can have access to
land.
There is an opportunity for the KZN
Transport Zibambele programme to be
implemented in this ward.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
3.4. SUMMARY SWOT FOR RURAL EMNAMBITHI
This section gives a summary of the SWOT Analysis of all the rural wards in Emnambithi. It gives a
reflection on what the people of rural Emnambithi require to be also economically active in their
own areas.
Strengths









Emnambithi/ Ladysmith Municipality is strategically located between JHB &DBN.
Pro-active municipality
Lots of available land for development
Local Airport
Good road linkages (N3,N11)
Positive policing
Besters Land Reform Cluster: this project were initiated by the Department of Land affairs and
funded by both the Department of Land Affairs and Department of Agriculture. The new farmers
are cattle farmers and are mentored by 2 young commercial farmers. ESKOM Foundation
indicated that they are willing to fund a dairy. The Emnambithi Local Municipality is in the
process of registering the farmers in a Coop and compiling a business plan.
A nursery was established for deciduous fruit at Roosboom where inter-alia fruit trees will be
promulgated as well.
The municipality is proving infrastructure to most of rural farming areas especially to the
constructing and maintaining roads.
Weaknesses














Lack of rural development initiatives.
Weak cooperation & communication between local and District Municipalities.
Land owned by the Ingonyama Trust is a constraint on development.
Lack of basic services like water and proper sanitation, electricity, proper health care in the rural
areas of Emnambithi.
Lack of Youth Skills Training Centres for the unemployed youth in the rural areas.
Lack of agricultural infrastructure like irrigation systems, dipping tanks, tractors, seedlings,
fencing for agricultural crops and animals.
Implementation of policies, strategies and related to rural development.
Access to finance for businesses and skills training for rural SMME’s and Small Scale farmers.
Lack of a transport plan in rural areas.
Land ownership in the rural areas is mostly unknown.
Unemployment and grant /social security services dependency in people in rural areas.
Lack of art & cultural support which includes tourism and ecotourism.
Shortage of information for development strategies in the rural areas.
Ineffective communication between the Municipality and representatives of rural communities.
Opportunities

In most rural wards, there is land available for development and for agricultural purposes.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)






Promoting local markets for people in rural areas.
Development and implementation of a Rural Development Strategy.
Promoting small scale farmers ,small businesses are an important ingredient for income
generation in rural areas
Promoting Tourism and ecotourism in rural areas through training unemployed youth in the
rural areas to become tour guards.
Promoting SMME’s through funding and skills training and development.
Promoting agricultural community projects.
Threats






Capacity of rural development
Lack of funding for promoting local markets, SMME’s, Tourism and Ecotourism.
Community participation since the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme requires the
community to participate in building their own economy.
Lack of infrastructure /services and skills in rural areas.
Intergovernmental relations including a lack of cooperation and co-ordination.
There is no Agri desk. The coordination initiatives and interventions are done by the LED Section
of the Department of Economic Development and Planning.
With the entire SWOT analysis that has been conducted above, the information received will then be
translated into projects. The list below gives an illustration of the goals, sub-objectives and then the
projects identified.
3.5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This section focused on the socio-economic conditions that are currently experienced by people
living in the rural areas of Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality. It started by describing rural
Emnambithi in terms of population, age profile, household profile and education levels. The section
further explained the infrastructure that is available / not available to rural people. These
infrastructures include water and sanitation, road/transport services and electricity.
The following issues were identified in the local municipality that require attention:




31% of households still uses candles for lighting
46% of households use a pit latrine ablution system;
35% of households reside in traditional structure (hut/structure made from traditional
materials);and
27% of households have access water on a community stand while 21% still access water from
boreholes/rainwater tanks/wells and dams/rivers/streams/springs.
The above mentioned information then gives an indication where the Municipality needs to focus on
when implementing the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme in the rural areas. The
section then discusses the types of settlements in Emnambithi Local Municipality which are tribal
areas, farmlands and urban areas.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
The SWOT analysis indicated that one of the ways to promote development is to develop and
implement a Rural Development Strategy and promoting rural SMME’s and small scale farmers. The
SWOT Analysis also indicated the following:



The need to integrate strategies that focuses of rural communities with those focused on
improving places.
The need to reduce local and regional disparities (poverty, social, public, and economic
infrastructure which includes unemployment).
The need to ensure meaningful community participation, leadership and ownership in change
efforts.
The section touched on the economic profile of Emnambithi, focusing more on the employment
status of the local municipality. The Quantec survey indicates that 32.7 % of the people in
Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality are unemployed. This shows that there is a crucial need
for municipality to implement programmes that will decrease the rate of unemployment through
the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme.
On the table of projects there are projects that will have a multiplier effect on improving the lives of
the people in each community ward and can be implemented in a short space of time. It is important
to identify these projects as key projects. It is recommended that the municipality facilitate the
development of feasibility studies and business plans for the key projects at least two per ward. The
municipality will therefore be of monitoring and evaluating these key projects is they have been
implemented.
The following section discusses the formulation of the Rural Development Strategy from the SWOT
Analysis and the projects that projects identified.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
SECTION 4 STRATEGY FORMULATION
This section focuses on the formulation a Rural Development Strategy which is informed by the five
workshops that were conducted in Emnambithi /Ladysmith Local Municipality. The strategy is also
based from the government’s Medium Term Strategic Framework and is in line with the
Comprehensive Rural Development Programme.
The section further discusses the identification of critical stakeholders that are needed in
implementing the Rural Development Strategy and the Comprehensive Rural Development
Programme successfully. It concludes by giving recommendations on implementing the Rural
Development Strategy.
4.1 THE NATIONAL MEDIUM TERM STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
The basic thrust of MTSF 2009 – 2014 is to improve the conditions of life of all South Africans and
contribute to building a better Africa and a better world. The MTSF outlines 10 strategic priorities.
The CRDP arises from the strategic objective number 3: comprehensive rural development strategy
linked to land and agrarian reform and food security. The MTSF has further stated that the CRDP will
include the following elements:

Aggressive implementation of land reform policies.

Stimulate agricultural production with a view to contributing to food security.

Rural livelihoods and food security.

Improve service delivery to ensure quality of life.

Implement a development programme for rural transport system.

Skills development.

Revitalisation of rural towns.

Explore and support non-farm economic activities.

Institutional capacity development.

Cooperative development.

Illiteracy in rural areas.
The MTSF further states that “given the variety of interventions straddling virtually all areas of public
policy, the implementation of this strategy will enjoy leadership at executive level, with the primary
focus being to coordinate government interventions across all sectors and agencies.”4
4
Minister in the Presidency (Planning), Together doing more and better: Medium Term Strategic Framework A
Framework to Guide Government’s Programme in the Electoral Mandate Period (2009 – 2014), July 2009
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
4.2 CRITICAL STAKEHOLDERS (STRATEGY REFINEMENT, POLICY AND BUDGETARY
ALIGNMENT, PROGRAMME AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTATION
PLANNING).
The CRDP is a programme that transcends the conventional organisational boundaries in planning,
budgeting and implementation, resulting in a number of departments/agencies/ministries
responsible for different aspects of the programme. Programme and project management and
operational and strategic leadership will therefore become key components in the implementation
of the CRDP. In playing its coordinating role, it is important that the Department of Rural
Development and Land Reform recognise the principles of cooperative governance and the
provisions of the Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act, 2005. Partnering protocols will also
be initiated so that clear roles and responsibilities are defined. The protocols will also ensure joint
accountability for the implementation of the CRDP priorities.
The following sectors are seen as critical stakeholders:
Stakeholder
Areas of Responsibility
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Extension,
Land-care,
Comprehensive
Agricultural Support Programme, etc.
Water and Environmental Affairs
Domestic and irrigation water; National Action
Plan to combat desertification and land
degradation and other environmental
initiatives
Human Settlements
Rural housing and sanitation;
Department of Transport-
Rural transport strategy (e.g. Shova Kalula
programme has already contributed bicycles to
the Muyexe pilot)
Department of Public Works
Expanded Public Works Programme
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Department of Trade and Industry
Cooperatives Development
Home Affairs, Social Development
Identity documents and social cohesion
Communities
Organisations and leadership;
Traditional Institutions
Strategic support;
Municipalities
Integrated Development Plans and strategic
institutional support
Relevant Provincial Departments
Improved services for rural areas and strategic
institutional support. Others identified as per
development need
4.2.1 CRDP COUNCIL OF STAKEHOLDERS
A Council of Stakeholders (COS) consisting of members of Community Based Organisations (CBOs)
and forums, civic organisations, government sector departments and other private sector
institutions, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and traditional institutions should be
established. The Council of Stakeholders will enforce compliance with the conditionalities for the
State’s support to the CRDP beneficiaries and ensure compliance to the agreed code of conduct and
see to the implementation of the disciplinary codes. It will also support the disciplinary panel in the
implementation of the codes and be responsible for planning and implementation of projects
together with the CRDP technical committees.
4.2.2 CRDP TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
The technical committee will implement decisions undertaken by the COS. These committees will
comprise provincial sector departments and other partners. They will primarily have a project
management role and their composition will be dependent on the type of projects that will be
implemented for a particular area.
The following sectors/organisations/resource persons will aid in social and technical facilitation:





Department of Rural Development and Land Reform
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Community Development Workers
Soil technicians
Spatial planners
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)


Engineers
Others identified as per development need
4.2.3 STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS
Operational Groups of twenty Co-operatives/enterprises with the view of better co-ordination,
collaboration, commitment and effectiveness and to ensure that households have technical people
to train them and to create job opportunities. Jobs will be created where one member of the
household will be employed on a two year contract .The households will be profiled to determine
their needs and to decide who will be employed. Where certain skills are lacking, the support of the
Department of Labour and Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAS) and other relevant
stakeholders will be sought to train the household representatives.
The following sectors/organisations are currently recognised as strategic partners:







Relevant Government Departments
Development Bank of Southern Africa
Independent Development Trust and other state-Owned Enterprises
Non-governmental organisations
Land Bank and other development financial institutions
Commercial banks
Others identified as per development need.
4.3 VISION, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
This section deals with the initial vision, goals and objectives of the Rural Development Strategy of
Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality.
4.3.1 Vision
The vision of the Rural Development Strategy in Emnambithi concentrates on the future of the
people residing in the rural areas and provides a clear decision-making criterion. The vision of the
Rural Development Strategy state that: ‘The rural areas will in future provide a framework where
rural people and the municipality, together with integrated government departments, can create,
engage, facilitate and promote projects that will economically enhance the livelihoods of people
living in the rural areas and create growing and sustainable rural economies and social cohesion’.
4.3.2 Goals and Objectives
A goal provides a direction on how the vision can be achieved and the objectives act as a direction of
how the goals can be achieved The goals of the Rural Development Strategy in Emnambithi are as
follows:
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Goals
Objectives
1. Create sustainable job opportunities in 1.1 To support and train the unemployed youth in the
the rural areas
rural areas.
1.2 To empower the youth to become entrepreneurs.
2. Provide skills development and 2.1 To support SMME’s and Co-ops by proving access
training in the rural communities.
to funding and local markets, and skills
development and training.
2.2 To decrease the rate of urbanisation and create
employment in the rural areas.
3.1To promote food security in the rural areas.
3.
Promotion
transformation.
of
agrarian 3.2 To expand subsistence farming into the local
market.
3.3 to facilitate secure access to land by farm dwellers.
4. Promotion of land reform processes.
4.1 To facilitate land reform claims.
4.2 To help small scale farmers acquire land
and become big businesses
5. Create an environment conducive to 5.1 To encourage private sector investments in the
both economic and social growth in rural areas.
the rural communities
5.2 To provide the necessary social infrastructure.
5.3 To improve service delivery to ensure quality of life.
4.4 CONCLUSION
It is important to note that for the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme and for the
Emnambithi Rural Development Strategy to be implemented the Emnambithi Municipality and other
local departments need to work together with the people residing in the rural areas. The
Emnambithi Municipality should also work together with local businesses and Civil Society
Organisations for the Rural Development Strategy to be adopted and implemented.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
This section discussed about the Strategic Formulation of the Rural Development Strategy and
named rural development as the third priority in the government’s National Medium Term Strategic
Framework. Critical stakeholders like the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,
Department of Human Settlements, Department of Transport and other various departments must
be involved in the implementation of CRDP.
It is also important to formulate a Council of Stakeholders and the CRDP Technical Committee that
will oversee successful implementation of the CRDP. The section Concludes by discussing the Vision,
Goals and Objectives of the Rural Development Strategy. The following section gives in detail the
implementation of the projects that were identified through the SWOT Analysis.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
SECTION 5 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
This section gives an indication of the projects that were identified during the five workshops and
the SWOT analysis of Emnambithi rural areas. These projects were identified by the people residing
in the rural areas of Emnambithi and these projects addresses the three important pillars of the
Comprehensive Rural Development Programme. These pillars are: Agrarian transformation, rural
Development and Land reform. From the project identified, anchor projects will be selected.
5.1. RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
The list of project below speaks to the needs of people residing in the rural areas of Emnambithi. The
project list includes the projects identified per ward area. Below is the table of all the projects that
were identified in Emnambithi.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Emnambithi/Ladysmith Municipality - Rural Development Strategy Project List: March 2010
Goals
No
Locality: ward number
Projects
1
Ward 13
Installation of dipping tanks
2
Ward 13
Investigate the implementation of Community gardens in Brickfield are in need of funding,
seeds and fencing.
Ward 13
Provide funding for Production and marketing stalls, there is already a plot allocated for
fresh produce market for small scale farmers.
In all rural wards
Provision of capacity building for small scale farmers who have acquired the land through
land reform system in all rural wards where land reform processes has been finished.
In all rural wards
There must be a piggery farming initiative investigated.
6
In all rural wards
There needs to be sweet potato farming
7
Ward 13 and 14
Soil/ sand mining opportunities need to be investigated since they can also open
opportunities for brick-making projects.
Agrarian
Transformation (subobjective is facilitating 3
the establishment of
business initiatives
rural and agro4
industries,
cooperatives, cultural
initiatives and vibrant 5
local markets).
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Rural development
8
Ward 13 and all rural
wards
Development of grazing land and that grazing land need to be fenced. Most cattle in
Roosboom are hit by cars and they get stolen because there is no proper fenced grazing
land. The people have already identified Mouren's farm as a good place for grazing.
9
In all rural wards
Development of agri-processing plants for rural people.
10
Ward 16
Supporting and mentoring of small scale agricultural farmers who are involved in the
planting of sweet chillies.
11
Ward 16
Supporting and mentoring for goat farming.
12
Ward 15
Promoting utilisation of land since there is vast land for agricultural farming
13
Ward 19
Fast-tracking land reform processes
14
Ward 19
Investigate planting of mushrooms
15
Ward 17
Support the farming of aloe plants and have a processing plant for aloe production
16
Ward 24
Provision of cattle dips in Endingeni
17
In all rural wards
Improvement of social facilities like a water, electricity and proper sanitation.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
(sub-objective is
improvement or
development of
economic
infrastructure and
improvement and
development of social
infrastructure.)
18
In all rural wards
Investigate the development of a wholesale clothes trading facility (market?) in rural areas.
19
Ward 23
Aloe and Berg Tea production is needed so as to increas job opprtunities for unemployed
people in rural areas.
20
In all rural wards
Investigate the development of warehouse/mini-factories for SMME’s.
21
In all rural wards
Creation of skills development facilities for unemployed youth and thereby decreasing the
level of crime.
22
In all rural wards
Facilitate accessibility to government programmes and funding.
23
Ward 13
Facilitate the renovation of the crèche in Gcizela
24
In all rural wards
Provide mobile clinics where clinics are located too far from the community.
25
In all rural wards
Maintenance of all rural access roads.
26
Ward13
There are often power outages in the area and it is negatively affecting the community.
27
In all rural wards
Identifying and supporting tourism and ecotourism initiatives like Mbulwane Battlefields in
ward 16 to be promoted as a tourist destination.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
28
Ward 13
Establishment of a community hall in Egcizeni.
29
Ward 15
There is a need for a resourced health clinic in Peacetown, Mashiselweni.
30
Ward 22 &23 and most
rural wards
Provision of communal sanitation and ablution systems, showers, toilets for improved
health in ward 22 and 23 but also in most rural wards.
31
In every rural school
Creation of rural libraries for developing and improving the level of illiteracy in rural areas.
32
In all rural wards
Rehabilitation of schools in the rural areas to become centres of excellence.
33
In all rural wards
Development of ABET centers for capacity building for elderly people in each rural ward and
at least one skills development training centre for the unemployed youth in the rural areas.
34
Ward 23
Investigate the creation of Apollo lights mini factories.
35
Ward 15
Development of health care clinics in Peacetown and Kirkintulloch.
36
Ward 15
Provision of electricity in Gudlintaba and Dark city
37
Ward 14
Upgrading and maintenance of roads in Hobsland-Manzini, Shayangubu,Burdford-Ezitendeni
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
38
Ward 14
Providing support to already existing coops whish are sewing school uniforms for Ntsungulu
Lower Primary and Ndalela High school
39
In all rural wards
Establishment of RDP houses.
40
Ward 19
Upgrading of public transport system.
41
in ward 22
Provision of a crèche and a police station in St Chad's.
42
Ward 24
Provision of electricity since approximately 29% of the population has access to electricity.
43
In all rural wards
Construction and upgrading of foot bridges.
44
Ward 17
Construction of a clinic in Driefonteinin Mathondwana and construction of a crèche in
Driefontein ,Mtateni
44
Ward 24
Provision of a crèche in Entuthwini.
45
Ward 24
Construction of a police station to cater for the needs of everyone in the ward.
46
Ward 18
Provision of clean water and sanitation.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Land reform(subobjective is to address
the injustices of
racially-based land
dispossession
,inequitable
distribution of land
ownership and the
need to administer
public land in an
effective manner.)
48
Ward 24
Establishment of a Multi-purpose centre in Baldarskrall.
48
Ward 24
Construction of health care facility since the closest hospital is more than 60 km
49
Ward 13
There are plenty of labour tenants and that needs to be a addressed through land reform
programme. There are already three gazzeted land claims in this ward.
50
Ward 14
on the southern part of the ward and almost half of the land of this ward belong to
Abantungwa-Kholwa Tribal Authority, which imposes to ward 15 and 16 and the rest is
farms but have land claims on them
51
Ward 15
Establishment of 1500 rural housing projects proposed.
52
Ward 16
Establishment of 2000 rural housing projects proposed.
Ward 17
The land for housing projects has been identified and establishment of the housing needs to
start.
Ward 19
Promote RDP housing project in Kliefontien-there are 800 rural housing projects proposed.
In Randjiesvlakte 350 housing projects proposed, in Roodepoort -20 housing projects has
been proposed, in Watershed 380 housing project has been proposed and in Sinayi there
are 80 housing projects proposed.
53
54
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
55
In all rural wards
Promote the release of Ingonyama Trust land for development in most rural areas which
leads to equitable distribution of land ownership.
56
In all rural wards
Promote reviewing of land acquisition processes focusing on value for money for each
hectare of land bought in most rural wards.
57
In all rural wards
Promote effective development and mentoring of land reform beneficiaries.
58
In all rural wards
Protecting the land rights of farm workers and creating decent jobs on farms in most rural
wards
59
In all rural wards
Developing agri-villages for local economic development on rural farms.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
5.2 ANCHOR PROJECTS
Based on an assessment of the above projects by the applying the following evaluation criteria
anchor projects were identified:

The sustainability of the project.

The multiplier effect of the project across boundaries.

The potential size and impact of the project.

The employment creation potential of the project.

The spatial distribution of benefits.
List of Anchor projects
1. Creation of a programme for entrepreneurship development in the rural areas.
2. In Ward 13: The establishment of a Fresh Produce market.
3. In ward 23: The establishment of Apollo light mini-factory.
4. In ward 16: Production of sweet chillies.
5. In ward 17 and ward 23; Establishment of an Aloe and Berg tea production and their processing
plant.
6. In ward 18: Establishment of a wholesale trading market.
7. In ward 24: Establishment of a multi-purpose centre for trading and skills development.
8 Across all wards: Develop a programme for agricultural infrastructure i.e. (dipping tanks, fencing,
irrigation schemes, etc)
9. Across all wards: Develop a programme for service delivery in rural areas i.e. (water, electricity,
access roads, etc) and social services i.e. (crèches, community halls, clinics, etc).
Below is a list of the identified Anchor projects in which they are described in terms of
implementation, budget and programme, relevant goals and objective.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Anchor projects identification and implementation
Project number 1: Creation of entrepreneurship development
GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION:
Project type:
Responsibility:
Medium-term
Sector:
Emnambithi
Municipality
Municipal Area:
Priority:
Economic
development
Emnambithi (across all
rural wards)
High
DESCRIPTION
Entrepreneurship development is the process of providing individuals with the concepts and skills to
recognise business opportunities that others have overlooked and to have the insight, self-esteem
and knowledge to act where others have hesitated. There is a high number of unemployed youth in
the rural areas, it is therefore critical to develop such a programme or culture of entrepreneurship
for addressing rural development in the rural areas in a holistic manner. The Emnambithi
Municipality can facilitate the development of entrepreneurship through including entrepreneurship
education in their education system i.e. from primary to high schools. This will help in developing the
culture of empowerment the youth can themselves become employers.
BUDGET AND PROGRAMME:
Capital Budget
To be determined
Operational Budget
To be determined
Start Date
To be determined
Funding Source (s)
Timeframe
Emnambithi
Municipality
On-going
RELEVANCE:
Relevant Goal
To address the fundamental issue of lack of skills and employment
opportunities in the rural areas of Emnambithi.
Relevant Objective
To develop entrepreneurship skills amongst unemployed youth in the
rural areas.
Job Creation
High
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
PROJECT NUMBER 2. Establishment of a Fresh produce market
GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION:
Project type:
Short-term
Sector:
Responsibility:
Emnambithi
Municipal Area:
Municipality/Department
of Agriculture
Priority:
Agriculture
Emnambithi(ward 13)
High
DESCRIPTION
The establishment of a fresh produce market will help the small scale farmers by providing a market
place for them to buy and sell their produce. This project will not only benefit small scale farmers in
ward 13 but will also impact positively on other wards and help improve the livelihoods of people
living in the rural areas. The small scale farmers can have the opportunity to become big businesses.
The municipality together with the Department of Agriculture can help in providing support and
mentorship to the farmers.
BUDGET AND PROGRAMME:
Capital Budget
To be determined
Operational Budget
To be determined
Funding Source (s)
Emnambithi
Municipality/Department
of Rural Development
and Land Reform
Start Date
To be determined
Timeframe
On-going
RELEVANCE:
Relevant Goal
To address fundamental issues that impact on the agricultural sector of
which is the non-availability of a market place for small scale farmers.
Relevant Objective
To support small scale farmers to become sustainable big businesses.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
Job Creation
High
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
PROJECT NUMBER 3 Establishment of Apollo lights mini-factories
GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION:
Project type:
Responsibility:
Medium-term
To be determined
Sector:
Rural
economic
development
Municipal Area:
Emnambithi (ward 23)
Priority:
High
DESCRIPTION
The establishment of an Apollo mini-factory will help create employment and uplift the livelihoods
of people living in ward 23 and other wards.
BUDGET AND PROGRAMME:
Capital Budget
To be determined
Operational Budget
To be determined
Funding Source (s)
Start Date
To be determined
Timeframe
To be determined
RELEVANCE:
Relevant Goal
Employment creation
Relevant Objective
To develop skills and job opportunities in rural areas
Job Creation
High
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
PROJECT NUMBER 4.Production of sweet chillies
GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION:
Project type:
Short-term
Sector:
Agriculture
Municipal Area:
Emnambithi (ward 16)
Responsibility:
Emnambithi
Municipality/
Department
Agriculture
Priority:
High
of
DESCRIPTION
The planting of sweet chillies in ward 16 will help enhance the economy of Emnambithi and of KZN
as a whole. The Emnambithi Municipality together with the Department of Agriculture needs to
provide mentorship and support to the small scale farmers. This project may have a huge impact and
can end up putting South Africa on the map through exporting the sweet chillies.
BUDGET AND PROGRAMME:
Capital Budget
To be determined
Operational Budget
To be determined
Funding Source (s)
Start Date
To be determined
Timeframe
On-going
RELEVANCE:
Relevant Goal
Economic development
Relevant Objective
To develop skills and job opportunities in the agricultural sector
Job Creation
High
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
PROJECT NUMBER 5. Establishment of an Aloe and Berg tea production and their processing plant.
GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION:
Project type:
Medium-term
Sector:
Responsibility:
Emnambithi
municipality
/ Municipal Area:
Department of Rural
Development and Land
reform
Priority:
Agriculture
Emnambithi
17&23)
(ward
High
DESCRIPTION
The Establishment of an Aloe and Berg tea plant and it processing plant can help in alleviation of
poverty and uplift the livelihoods of majority of people living in the rural areas. The Emnambithi
Municipality can help the farmers in acquiring funding for this project by drawing up a business plan
and developing a feasibility study for the processing plant.
BUDGET AND PROGRAMME:
Capital Budget
To be determined
Operational Budget
To be determined
Funding Source (s)
Department of Rural
Development and Land
reform
Start Date
To be determined
Timeframe
On-going
RELEVANCE:
Relevant Goal
To create and grow the economy in the rural area.
Relevant Objective
To create job opportunities for the rural poor.
Job Creation
High
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
PROJECT NUMBER 6: Establishment of a wholesale trading market
GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION:
Project type:
Responsibility:
Medium-term
Emnambithi
Department
Development
Reform
Sector:
Municipality/ Municipal Area:
of
Rural
and
Land
Priority:
Rural
economic
Development
Emnambithi (ward 18)
High
DESCRIPTION
Wholesale markets are still needed to provide farmers with effective and profitable marketing outlets
for their produce. In addition to facilitating farmers’ access to the marketing system, wholesale
markets, if adequately located, sized and managed, are basic instruments for promoting competition
and improving public health and food quality control. This thereby lowers and stabilises consumer
prices and reduces post harvest losses as well as urban congestion and pollution. Emnambithi
Municipality can assist in developing a detailed business plan and undertake a feasibility study for the
wholesale trading market.
BUDGET AND PROGRAMME:
Capital Budget
To be determined
Operational Budget
To be determined
Funding Source (s)
Emnambithi
Municipality/
Department of Rural
Development and Land
reform
Start Date
To be determined
Timeframe
On-going
RELEVANCE:
Relevant Goal
Sustainable rural economy
Relevant Objective
To develop job opportunities in the rural areas
Job Creation
High
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
PROJECT NUMBER 7: Establishment of a multi-purpose centre
GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION:
Project type:
Responsibility:
Medium-term
Emnambithi
Municipality
Sector:
Rural
economic
Development
Municipal Area:
Emnambithi (ward 24)
Priority:
High
DESCRIPTION
From the centres, communities also receive training in skills, such as how to use information and
communication technologies like the Internet. The centres also serve as venues where community
events such as education campaigns, exhibitions and other activities can take place, helping people
get information they can use to improve their lives and to develop their communities. Emnambithi
Municipality can facilitate with formulating a business plan and a feasibility study for this project.
BUDGET AND PROGRAMME:
Capital Budget
To be determined
Operational Budget
To be determined
Funding Source (s)
Emnambithi
Municipality/
Department of Rural
Development and Land
reform
Start Date
To be determined
Timeframe
On-going
RELEVANCE:
Relevant Goal
Youth development
Relevant Objective
To develop skills amongst unemployed youth
Job Creation
High
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
5.3 CONCLUSION
This section focused on project identification and thereby identifying anchor projects through
assessment criteria which examined the impact and the size of the project. The section also
identified Anchor projects in which they were described in terms of implementation, budget and
programme, relevant goals and objectives. It is important to note for the successful implementation
of these anchor projects, the municipality needs to work together with the community and other
stakeholders.
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Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)
SECTION 6 CONCLUSION
The formulation of a Rural Development Strategy involved the formulation of a strategic framework.
Initially the key challenges confronting the rural development in Emnambithi/Ladysmith municipality
were identified and thereafter the opportunities that are present in the municipality and which have
the potential for further development were discussed. A strategic plan was then formulated which
included a vision, developed in conjunction with key stakeholder and people residing in the rural
areas of Emnambithi. The objectives that were adopted were derived from the Draft National
Comprehensive Rural Development programme in order to align rural development in Emnambithi
with national priorities and targets.
Projects and activities were identified to achieve the objectives. These included projects and
activities that have been proposed in previous ward profiling done by Udidi Projects Development
Company but as yet have not been implemented. It was important to prioritise these projects using
specific project evaluation criteria, to determine which of the potential projects would have the
highest impact in the rural economy in terms of employment creation, capacity building, social
upliftment etc. within the rural economy sector. Nine priority projects were identified and
additional information was provided in terms of their objectives, beneficiaries, potential capital cost
and operational costs.
96