Chapter 1 Study Questions Name:_________________________ Class: ___________
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Physical science is the study of
a. matter and motion.
c. energy and motion.
b. matter and energy.
d. matter and composition.
2. 10 m is equal to
a. 100 cm.
c. 10,000 mm.
b. 1,000 cm.
d. Both (b) and (c)
3. For a hypothesis to be valid, it must be
a. testable.
c. made into a law.
b. supported by evidence.
d. Both (a) and (b)
4. The statement "Sheila has a stain on her shirt" is an example of a(n)
a. law.
c. observation.
b. hypothesis.
d. prediction.
5. A hypothesis is often developed out of
a. observations.
c. laws.
b. experiments.
d. Both (a) and (b)
6. How many milliliters are in 3.5 kL?
a. 3,500 mL
c. 3,500,000 mL
b. 0.0035 mL
d. 35,000 mL
7. A map of Seattle is an example of a
a. law.
c. model.
b. quantity.
d. unit.
8. Which of the following is an example of technology?
a. mass
c. screwdriver
b. physical science
d. none of the above
9. Physical science is often divided into physics and
a. biology.
c. astronomy.
b. chemistry.
d. geology.
10. Which of the following situations is LEAST likely to involve elements of physical science?
a. earthquake waves traveling through the Earth’s layers
b. plants using the sun’s energy to make food
c. social interactions between animals
d. pollutants changing form when released into the atmosphere
11. A ____ is a summary of many experimental results and observations.
a. theory
c. hypothesis
b. scientific law
d. test
12. A ____ object contains more matter than a 15 kg object.
a. 150 g
c. 5,000 g
b. 5 mg
d. 20,000 g
13. Colored balls and sticks arranged to show the types and placement of particles in a water molecule is an
example of a
a. law.
c. model.
b. tool.
d. prediction.
____ 14. The length of a pencil is best measured in
a. centiliters.
c. meters.
b. centimeters.
d. kilograms.
____ 15. The field of ____ uses physical science to explain how the heart pumps blood, how the eyes and ears work,
and how the brain sends electrical impulses throughout the body.
a. ecology
c. biology
b. geology
d. botany
____ 16. Technology
a. is sometimes called applied science.
b. applies scientific understanding to solve problems.
c. can refer to objects used to accomplish tasks.
d. All of the above
____ 17. ____ use physical science to explain how plants use carbon dioxide and water to make food.
a. Meteorologists
c. Astronomers
b. Geologists
d. Botanists
____ 18. ____ can help scientists to predict an observation that they might make in the future.
a. Data
c. Energy
b. Theories
d. Matter
____ 19. The field of ____ uses physical science to explain the composition of planets, the light emitted by stars, and
the motion of different galaxies in the universe.
a. ecology
c. oceanography
b. geology
d. astronomy
____ 20. After forming a hypothesis, you should
a. test your hypothesis.
c. analyze the results.
b. ask a question.
d. draw conclusions.
____ 21. ____ is a branch of physical science that studies earthquake waves and rock composition.
a. Meteorology
c. Biology
b. Geology
d. Astronomy
____ 22. A(n) ____ uses physical science to explain the nitrogen cycle and the transfer of energy between organisms in
a food chain.
a. ecologist
c. meteorologist
b. geologist
d. astronomer
____ 23. Physical science is used to study the movement of air masses, weather patterns, and the composition of the
atmosphere in the field of
a. meteorology.
c. oceanography.
b. geology.
d. biology.
____ 24. The field of ____ uses physical science to explain waves, currents, and the chemistry of ocean water.
a. meteorology
c. oceanography
b. geology
d. astronomy
____ 25. Scientists usually state ____ in an "If . . . then . . . " format.
a. laws
c. predictions
b. theories
d. conclusions
____ 26. Analyzing the results of your experiment can be
a. obtaining data from your experiment.
b. organizing your data into tables and graphs.
c. doing calculations to learn more about your results.
d. Both (b) and (c)
____ 27. After concluding that your tests support your hypothesis, you should
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a. keep it secret so that no one steals your idea.
b. publish the results so that other scientists can learn from you.
c. wait around to see if anyone else discovers the same thing.
d. None of the above
If you conclude that your results do NOT support your hypothesis, you
a. should check your results or calculations for errors.
b. should redo the test, changing the variable.
c. may have to modify your hypothesis.
d. Both (a) and (c)
If a tested hypothesis does not produce the expected results,
a. the experiment was a waste of time.
b. don't trash the results—it might lead to another discovery.
c. the experiment was done wrong.
d. manipulate the data to fit the hypothesis.
During the tests of Proteus, engineers changed only the flapping rate. The flapping rate is an example of a
a. variable.
c. controlled factor.
b. standard.
d. control group.
If it is not possible to construct a controlled experiment in order to test a hypothesis, you
a. can still perform the experiment, hoping that the non-controlled factors will not interfere
with the results.
b. should give up and find a different problem to solve.
c. might build a model which allows you to control all the factors and then test your
hypothesis.
d. should manipulate the data from a non-controlled experiment to fit the results you would
have expected from a controlled experiment.
A controlled experiment involves
a. a control group, an experimental group, and a standard.
b. a control group, an experimental group, and a variable.
c. a controlled factor, a standard, and a variable.
d. an experimental group, a standard, and a variable.
Czarnowski and Triantafyllou found that Proteus had an efficiency rating of 87 percent. This means that for
an input of
a. 10 J of energy, Proteus has an output of 8.7 J of energy.
b. 8.7 J of energy, Proteus has an output of 10 J of energy.
c. 10 J of energy, Proteus has an output of 0.87 J of energy.
d. 0.87 J of energy, Proteus has an output of 10 J of energy.
A scientist who wants to study the possible side effects of a new medicine would probably
a. give each group the same dose of medicine.
b. survey random people about the medicine's effects.
c. include a control group that receives no medicine.
d. use different numbers of subjects in each treatment group.
Gravitational force causes an attraction between two objects. This is a scientific law, which is
a. determined by nature and is a summary of many experimental results and observations.
b. a unifying explanation for a broad range of hypotheses and observations and may be
changed or replaced as new observations are made or as new hypotheses are tested.
c. a scientific guess.
d. not an absolute final answer because it is possible to break a scientific law.
The big bang is considered to be
a. a law.
c. a theory.
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b. a hypothesis.
d. an experiment.
Scientific knowledge changes and grows due to
a. asking new questions and reexamining old ones.
b. the use of new technologies.
c. the discovery of new information.
d. All of the above
A prototype, or ____, of a new car can show investors the features a car company would like to include in
their latest design.
a. technology
c. model
b. tool
d. prediction
Which of the following would NOT be considered a model?
a. a weather map
c. a boat
b. a computer-simulated car crash
d. a toy car
Scientific models
a. represent scientific ideas and objects.
b. are tools that are used to conduct investigations.
c. illustrate theories.
d. All of the above
Graduated cylinders are used to measure
a. the area of a solid.
c. the volume of liquids.
b. the length of an object.
d. the mass of a solid.
An appropriate SI unit for density would be
a. g.
c. g/cm3.
3
b. L/m .
d. m.
A large quartz crystal is added to a graduated cylinder containing 80 mL of water, raising the level to 90 mL
of water. What is the volume of the quartz?
a. 10 cm3
c. 90 mL
3
b. 80 cm
d. 90 cm3
When you put oil and water into the same container, the oil floats on the water because the oil
a. is more dense.
c. has more volume.
b. is less dense.
d. has less volume.
Cubes of lead, ice, and balsa wood each having sides 2.5 cm long have the same
a. volume.
c. mass.
b. density.
d. temperature.
If you were to write two thousand mockingbirds in SI units, it would be
a. 2 kilomockingbirds.
c. 2 millimockingbirds.
b. 2 nanomockingbirds.
d. 2 megamockingbirds.
Although a submarine is made of steel, it can float on water by pumping air into its ballast tanks. It can float
because the average ____ of the submarine is less than water.
a. length.
c. mass.
b. volume.
d. density.
A plastic disk's density is less than water but greater than oil. If you put all three into a glass container, where
would you see the disk?
a. floating on top of the oil
c. at the bottom of the container
b. between the water and the oil
d. none of the above
To describe the length of a grain of rice, you would use
a. millimeters (mm).
c. meters (m).
b. decimeters (dm).
d. kilometers (km).
____ 50. Always wearing protective glasses, tying back long hair, and being careful of loose clothes while conducting
an experiment are examples of
a. laws.
c. conduct codes.
b. safety rules.
d. procedure rules.
____ 51. Ice is frozen water. Therefore, ice is composed of the same matter as water. Why does ice float in water?
a. Water contracts when it freezes, increasing its mass and density.
b. Water expands when it freezes, decreasing its mass and density.
c. Water expands when it freezes, increasing its volume and decreasing its density.
d. Water expands when it freezes, increasing its volume and density.
____ 52. Air does NOT have
a. volume.
c. density.
b. mass.
d. length.
____ 53. One cubic meter of air has a mass of 1.2 kg. If a room measures 2.5 m in height, 6 m in length and 5 m in
width, how much mass does the air in the room have?
a. 1.2 kg
c. 75 kg
b. 30 kg
d. 90 kg
____ 54. The measure of how much surface an object has is its
a. length.
c. density.
b. volume.
d. area.
____ 55. If you looked at an organism that was 7 nm long under a microscope that magnified it 1000×, it would appear
to be
a. 7 μm long.
c. 7 mm long.
b. 7 cm long.
d. 7 dm long.
____ 56. The International System of Units
a. is based on standardized body measurements.
b. contains units that are based on the number 10.
c. is also known as the English system.
d. was invented in China.
____ 57. All matter has ____, even a rock sitting still.
a. energy
c. applied science
b. data
d. efficiency
____ 58. When finding the correct answer to a question or problem, scientists may use
a. the steps of the scientific method.
c. dense matter from the sun.
b. the steps to the Lincoln Memorial.
d. particles that travel faster than light.
____ 59. What tool is used to measure mass?
a. ruler
c. balance
b. graduated cylinder
d. thermometer
____ 60. What tool is used to measure the volume of an irregularly-shaped solid?
a. ruler
c. balance
b. graduated cylinder
d. thermometer
____ 61. What does the prefix milli- mean?
a. 1/1,000
c. 100
b. 1/100
d. 1,000
____ 62. You know the volume of a closet is 5 m3. You also know that it is 2 m wide and 1 m deep. What is the height
of the closet?
a. 1 m
c. 3 m
b. 2.5 m
d. 4 m
____ 63. A boxcar on a train is 2 m wide, 15 m long, and 4 m high. How much volume can a fully-loaded car haul?
a. 26 m3
c. 120 m2
3
b. 80 m
d. 120 m3
____ 64. A graduated cylinder contains 250 mL of water. After adding a nugget of gold to the water, the glass holds
265 mL of liquid. What is the volume of the gold nugget?
a. 15 cm3
c. 265 cm3
b. 15 mL
d. 265 mL
____ 65. What is the volume of a box 10 cm tall whose lid has an area of 16 cm2?
a. 6 cm3
c. 160 cm3
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b. 26 cm
d. 160 cm2
____ 66. A crate has a volume of 75 m3. The area of its bottom side is 25 m2. How tall is the crate?
c. 3 m
a.
m
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b. 2.5 m
d. 7.5 m
3
A box with a volume of 200 cm has a length of 8 cm. What is the area of one of its sides?
a. 5 cm2
c. 10 cm2
2
b. 8 cm
d. 25 cm2
The SI unit for temperature is
a. milliliters (mL).
c. degrees Fahrenheit (°F).
b. kelvins (K).
d. grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3).
Normal body temperature is
a. 32°F.
c. 37°C.
b. 32°C.
d. 37°F.
If an object has a mass of 90 g and a volume of 30 cm3, what is its density?
a. 0.33 g/cm3
c. 60 g/cm3
3
b. 3 g/cm
d. 270 g/cm3
When you add a rock to 70 mL of water in a graduated cylinder, the water rises to 80 mL. The mass of the
rock is 20 g. What is the rock's density?
a. 0.25 g/cm3
c. 2 g/cm3
b. 0.5 g/cm3
d. 3.5 g/cm3
Stopwatches, rulers, and computers are all ____ that are used to collect data during an experiment.
a. prototypes
c. tools
b. models
d. observations
As you explore ____, you learn about the relationship between matter and energy.
a. life science
c. physical science
b. earth science
d. all branches of science
Short Answer
74. The efficiency of a system is determined by comparing its output energy with its input energy. The graphs
below show the output energy and input energy for two different machines.
a. Which of these two machines is more efficient? Explain.
b. How much more efficient is it? Explain.