THE EMERGENCE OF NEWSPACE
1
THE IMPACT ON THE
SPACE INDUSTRY AND THE NEXT
GENERATION OF ENGINEERS
IEEE Region 8 SYP Congress 2016
Regensburg, Germany
20 August 2016
Burton Dicht
[email protected]
2
Discussion Items
• Introduction – My Background and
Why I’m Interested in Space
• The History of Spaceflight 101 –
Understanding How Governments Got
Involved in Space
• A New Space Age - Understanding the Factors that Created and Shaped
NewSpace
• Global Space Today and Tomorrow – What does the current Space
Landscape Look Like and What About the Near Future?
• Job Search Strategies and Resources
3
Some Background on Me and My
Interest in Space
4
Apollo 11 – July 20, 1969
Astronaut Buzz Aldrin on the Moon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E96EPhqT-ds
5
My Perspective as a 10-Year Old
Full Moon in July
6
How Did They Do That?
7
400,000 Engineers, Scientists and Technicians
Made Apollo Possible
8
That Was My Inspiration:
I Wanted to Learn How to Do That!
High School Space Program –
Project SPARC 1977
Edwards Air Force Base,
California – 1983
Burt
9
My Engineering Career
NASA Intern
Facilities Design
Kennedy Space Center
Lead Engineer
Configuration/Systems
Integration
Northrop Grumman
Member of Technical Staff
Payload Integration
Rockwell STSD – Space Shuttle
10
A Fun Aerospace Career
Landing of
STS 26 at
EAFB –
Oct 1988
Arrival of Enterprise at JFK Airport April 2012
Northrop –
Lockheed
Open House –
EAFB - 1991
11
Flying with
friends
The History of Spaceflight 101
12
Spaceflight Timeline:
The Beginning
NASA is formed and
announces plans to
launch a human into
space
Sputnik, the first
artificial satellite is
launched by the
Soviet Union
Oct 1957
Jan 1958
Explorer 1, the first
US satellite is
launched into orbit
Oct 1958
Alan Shepard
becomes America’s
first man in space
April 1961
The Soviet Union’s
Yuri Gagarin
becomes the first man
in space
13
May 1961
May 1961
President Kennedy
sets the goal of
landing men on the
moon
Why Go To Space?
Scientific Advancement
We want to understand nature and how the
universe works
Curiosity
We want to know what’s over the
horizon
Need to Explore
Humanity has an innate desire to
explore
Need to Build Things
We want to leave a legacy
for the next generation
14
Why Go to Space? (2)
• The initial reasons had a lot to do with curiosity and the need to
explore
• Jules Verne’s 1865 novel “From the Earth to the Moon” had an
enormous impact on popular culture and excited the people
about traveling into space
• As science and rocket technology advanced, an idea was
formed in 1952, by the International Council of Scientific Unions
to foster scientific discovery
• They named the undertaking the International Geophysical Year
(IGY) and set the duration of the year from 1 July 1957 to 31 Dec
1958.
• The IGY was embraced by 67 countries including the US and
USSR and they adopted a resolution calling for artificial
satellites to be launched during the period to map the earth’s
surface
15
Why Go to Space?
The Cold War as Context
• Post WWII the US and the Soviet Union entered into an era of
intense mutual distrust and enmity called The Cold War
• It was a clash of very different beliefs and ideology – capitalism
versus communism – each side holding strong convictions. It
became an East versus West competition.
• Soon on both sides the quest to develop ballistic missiles had a
military and national security mandate
Korolev
• The two men who would play pivotal roles had been inspired by
Jules Verne and they dreamed of space travel. But first, they were
designing ballistic missiles for their nations:
o Sergei Korolev (Soviet Union – The R-7 Rocket)
o Wernher von Braun (US – the Redstone Rocket)
• Korolev used the R-7, the world’s first intercontinental ballistic
missile, to launch Sputnik, and von Braun used the Redstone, an
intermediate ballistic missile to launch Explorer I
16
Von Braun
Space Spectaculars Influence
the Decision Makers
WHY SPEND BILLIONS OF DOLLARS ON SPACE?
• The Soviet firsts in space created a huge propaganda boost during the Cold War
and Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev exploited that lead using the huge lifting
ability of the R-7 and continually topped the US space efforts with what became
known as “Space Spectaculars,” including the first man in space
• First President Eisenhower, then President Kennedy had to respond, or fall behind
the east-west battle for the hearts and minds of non-aligned countries . . .
RESULTING IN A SPACE RACE
• President Kennedy’s decision to
the go to the moon was not born
out of the need to explore; it was
the result of politics and
prestige during the Cold War
17
Spaceflight Timeline:
The Race to the Moon
First soft landings
on the moon – Luna
(Feb) & Surveyor
(June)
1966
First flight of the
Saturn V Moon
Rocket
April 1967
First flight of the
Soyuz spacecraft
First flight of Soviet
N-1 Moon Rocket –
all four tests failed
Nov 1967
Oct 1968
Apollo 7, first flight
of the new
spacecraft
18
Feb 1969
The US
started to
take the lead
with Gemini
program,
March 1965
July 1969
Apollo 11, the first
lunar landing
Project Apollo in a Snapshot
• Period of Operation: 1961 – 1972 (program
extended to 1975 if Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz Test
Project are counted)
• Number of Crewed Missions: Eleven, with six lunar
landings and one aborted mission (Apollo 13)
• Number of Moon Walkers: Twelve
• Hardware: Saturn 1B, Saturn V, Apollo
Command/Service Module and Lunar Module
• Moon Samples: 841 lbs (400 kg)
• Cost: $24 Billion - $140 Billion in today’s dollars
• Involvement: 400,000 people and 20,000
companies/universities
19
Space 1970s: After the Moon Race
After the moon race, both the US ($24 billion) and the Soviet Union ($5 to $10 billion) aimed to reduce
the cost of their space programs.
The Soviet Union expanded use of the Soyuz
spacecraft and created the Salyut space station
program (1971 – 1986)
The Nixon Administration cut NASA’s budget but
approved the Space Shuttle Program in a effort to
reduce the cost of space travel (April 1972)
Apollo missions 18, 19 and 20 were cancelled and
NASA used Apollo hardware for the Skylab program
(1973 – 1974)
Détente and easing of the Cold War led to the ApolloSoyuz Test Project (ASTP) and the first joint space
mission (July 1975)
20
The Space Shuttle’s Origins: Why the Need?
• Late 1960’s and early 1970’s, NASA leadership is exploring
options for a post-Apollo space program
• NASA had grand ambitions; with orbiting space stations,
missions to Mars and nuclear powered spacecraft
• The agency’s ambitions ran directly into political and
financial realities
George Mueller, Associate
Administrator for Manned
Spaceflight
•
With the successful moon landings, it was the end of the first era
of human spaceflight
•
The Nixon administration and Congress supported a human space
flight program; they just wanted a far less expensive version
•
NASA leadership opted for a reusable space transportation system
. . . “No law says space must be expensive“
•
Goal - Lower the costs of getting into space ($100 per pound)
21
The Space Transportation System
• (2) Solid Rocket Boosters
(SRB) – Reusable
• External Tank (ET)
• Orbiter – Reusable
It took nine years to overcome
the many technical challenges
and get the Shuttle launched,
longer than it took to achieve
the first moon landing
22
Spaceflight Timeline: The Emergence of Global
Space Programs
China launches its
first satellite, on a
Long March 1
Rocket,
France launches its
first satellite, on a
Diamant A Rocket
Nov 1965
Feb 1970
Japan's Lambda 4
(L-4) Rocket
launches a test
satellite
Apr 1970
Ariane Rocket,
Europe's first launch
vehicle, has a 1st
flight
Oct 1971
The UK launches a
satellite on a Black
Arrow Rocket
23
Dec 1979
July 1980
India launches a
satellite with its SLV3 Rocket
Spaceflight Timeline: The 1980s . . . Leading to a
Permanent Presence
The Mir Space
Station is placed
into orbit
First flight of the
Space Shuttle
Apr 1981
Jan 1986
Feb 1986
President Reagan
announces Space
Station Freedom
(becomes ISS)
The Soviet Union
tests the Buran
Space Shuttle
Sept 1988
Israel launches a
satellite on a
Shavit Rocket
24
Nov 1988
The Space Shuttle Legacy
Columbia STS 107
Accident
1 February 2003
• Following the Columbia accident in 2003, the second fatal shuttle
tragedy, the decision was made to retire the Space Shuttle as soon
as the International Space Station assembly was completed
The space shuttle Atlantis glides down the runway at
Kennedy Space Center after an early morning landing 21 July,
2011 . . . The final flight of the space shuttle era.
The Record
•
•
•
•
•
•
30 years of operation
135 flights
1,300 days in space
530 million miles traveled
3 million pounds delivered to
orbit
70% of the 550 people who
have flown into space flew
on the shuttle
• The shuttle program ended with the final flight of Atlantis in July
2011
• Although the Shuttle was a remarkable flying machine—rocket,
spacecraft, and glider all in one—it never lived up to the goals of an
airline type of operation with low operating costs
•
The original cost estimates were based on turnarounds of two
weeks and the economies of scale of 55 flights per year
• Its complexity and reusability required a massive support
infrastructure of facilities and people to keep it flying safely
• It never achieved more than nine flights in a year (1985)
• The entire Shuttle program (including R & D) cost $174 billion,
averaging almost $1.3 billion per flight
25
A New Space Age Emerges
26
The Challenge of Spaceflight:
Earth’s Gravity Well
“The most expensive
100 miles in the
universe are the ones
between the ground
and Low Earth Orbit
(LEO)”
Even after hundreds of billions of dollars invested in the
development of rocket technology, getting one pound into
LEO is about $10,000
27
1990s to 2000s: A New Space Age Emerges
Ansari X Prize, to
launch a
reusable crewed
spacecraft twice
within 2 weeks is
announced
X-Prize
May
1996
International
Space Station –
First module
launched
ISS
Nov
1998
January
SpaceX is formed, a
privately funded
rocket company
with the goal of
reducing launch
costs
SpaceX
June
2002
28
China’s First
Human Spaceflight
on in the Shenzhou
5 Spacecraft
Shenzhou 5
Oct
2003
SpaceShipOne,
designed by Burt
Rutan and
funded by Paul
Allen wins the
$10 million X
Prize
SpaceShipOne
Oct
2004
What is NewSpace?
NewSpace, sometimes called Space 2.0 or alt.space, is
a term that surfaced in the 1990s to refer to a new
business model in conducting space activity
Legacy Aerospace
Pricing
Customers
Cost-Plus
Government
Funding
Federal Programs
(Taxpayer Funded)
Existing
Markets
29
NewSpace
Fixed Price
Consumers, Corporations and
Government Agencies
Owners, Angel Investors or
Venture Capital
New Markets with New
Technologies
The 1990s: What Created the
Conditions for NewSpace?
New Economy:
Shift from
Manufacturing
to Service
Based IT
Computers
Become
Common
at Home &
Workplace
Demand For
Launch
Services
Dot-coms
Government
Space
Programs:
Stuck in LEO
Internet
Legacy
Aerospace
Companies:
Incremental
Innovation
30
New
Breed of
Entrepreneurs
The Ansari X Prize
• Created by Peter Diamandis in May 1996 and initially called just the "X Prize“
• Modeled after the “Orteig” Prize in 1919 awarding $25,000 to the first aviator to
cross the Atlantic
• Goal: Build a spacecraft that would carry 3 people to an altitude of 62 miles (100
kilometers) and repeat it again within 2 weeks; no government funding allowed
• Prize: $10 million
• Objective: Incentivize the creation of a safe, reliable, reusable, privately-financed
manned space ship to demonstrate that private space travel is commercially viable
• Time-Line: The competition launched in May 1996 and was awarded on October 4,
2004. Altogether, 26 teams from 7 nations competed for the prize.
• Winner: The $10 million prize purse was awarded to the Mojave Aerospace
Ventures team, led by famed aerospace designer Burt Rutan and his company
Scaled Composites, with financial backing from Paul Allen.
31
The Ansari X Prize – 26 Teams
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Acceleration Engineering
Advent Launch Services
ARCA
Armadillo Aerospace
American Astronautics Corporation (AERA)
Bristol Spaceplanes Limited
Canadian Arrow
The da Vinci Project
Pablo de Leon & Associates
Flight Exploration
Fundamental Technology Systems
High Altitude Research Corporation
IL Aerospace Technologies
• Interorbital Systems
• Kelly Space and Technology
• Lone Star Space Access
Corporation
• Micro-Space, Inc.
• Len Cormier's PanAero, Inc.
• Pioneer Rocketplane
• Scaled Composites' Tier
One project — Winning Team
• Space Transport Corporation
• Starchaser Industries
• Suborbital Corporation
• TGV Rockets
• Vanguard Spacecraft
• Whalen Aeronautics Inc.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbNAvhcoIRQ
32
The “X” Prize Effect
New
Technologies
and New
Approaches
Space
Entrepreneurs
and New
Space
Companies
NASA’s New
Approach to
Space and
Funding
The
Space
Paradigm
Shifts
33
NASA’s COTS Program
• With the decision to end the
shuttle program, Mike Griffin the
NASA Administrator in 2005, he
challenged U.S. private industry
to develop cargo and eventually
crew space transportation
capabilities that could meet the
needs of ISS
• This was expanded under the
Obama Administration
• NASA’s traditional approach was
to create government owned and
operated systems, working in a
government/contractor
relationship with industry.
• To help stimulate commercial spaceflight, the Commercial Crew & Cargo Program employs a
different strategy where industry creates privately owned and operated space transportation
systems, with NASA serving as a lead investor and customer of transportation services.
https://www.nasa.gov/commercial-orbital-transportation-services-cots
34
Key NewSpace Entrepreneurs
• A privately-funded aerospace and spaceflight services company set up
by Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos in 2000
• Goal to dramatically lower cost and increase reliability of spaceflight
• Blue Origin is developing a variety of technologies, with a focus on rocket-powered
Vertical Takeoff and Vertical Landing (VTVL) vehicles for access to suborbital and orbital
space.
Jeff Bezos
• The New Shepard booster, which first flew in 2015, has made four flights, each time
exceeding 330,000 feet in altitude, before returning for successful soft landings
• The first crewed test flights are planned to take place in 2017/2018
•
•
•
Elon Musk
Richard Branson
•
Founded in 2002 by Elon Musk, SpaceX, is an aerospace manufacturer and space
transport services company with the goal of creating the technologies to reduce space
transportation costs and enable the colonization of Mars
SpaceX has developed the Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 launch vehicles, the Dragon spacecraft
and the Falcon 9 launch vehicle
SpaceX's achievements include the first privately funded, liquid-propellant rocket (Falcon
1) to reach orbit, in 2008; the first privately funded company to successfully launch, orbit
and recover a spacecraft (Dragon) in 2010; and the first private company to send a
spacecraft (Dragon) to the ISS
SpaceX began a reusable launch system technology development program in 2011 and, in
December 2015, successfully returned a first stage back to a landing pad (6x to date)
•
Founded by Sir Richard Branson in 2004. Virgin Galactic is a spaceflight company within
the Virgin Group.
•
They are developing commercial spacecraft (SpaceShipTwo) and aim to provide
suborbital spaceflights to space tourists, suborbital launches for space science missions,
and orbital launches of small satellites.
•
Longer term, they intend to provide orbital human spaceflights with the LauncherOne
vehicle
•
About 700 people have put down deposits for the suborbital flights on SpaceShipTwo
•
No firm dates have been set, as a crash in 2014 set the program back
35
The SpaceX Approach
Low
Cost
“You know, Ford didn’t invent the internal
combustion engine. But he found out how to
make one at low cost.” Elon Musk
Overhead
Engine
That is the model he used to create
SpaceX. He identified “five major
drivers of launch vehicle costs.
Structure
Avionics
8
Launch Operations
36
Overhead
Lean Operation
Engine
Streamlined
Structure
2 Stage Rocket - Simplicity
Avionics
Simplicity
Launch Operations
Lean Operation
A Glimpse of the Future
SpaceX
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPGUQySBikQ
Blue Origin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU3J-jKb75g
37
SpaceX – Shaking Things Up
“Six to nine months ago many in
Europe thought Elon Musk was
just hot air, even among the big
shots in the space industry. But he
showed he was able to do it, to
potentially reuse rockets one day.
He’s clearly shaking things up”
Jean-Yves Le Gall, head of CNES,
the French space agency
June 10, 2016
8/21/2016
38
Global Space and NewSpace Today:
And What is Coming Next
39
Global Space Programs Today– Snapshot
Thirteen National Space Programs
have satellite launch capability
As of 2015, approximately 70 different
government space programs were in
existence:
• Operate satellites
• Operate experiments
• Maintain an astronaut corps
Only three nations have ever launched
humans (Russia/Soviet Union, US and
China)
550+ citizens of Earth, from
approximately 40 countries, have
traveled into space
Total annual spending on space is approximately $42 billion (US
accounts for approximately $18 billion)
40
Long-term Global Space Plans
China – 1) Robotic missions to Mars; 2) Space Station completed by
2024; 3) Human moon landing in 2036
India – 1) Interplanetary robotic missions; 2) Home-grown GPS; 3)
Reusable space craft
Russia – Federal Space Program 10-year plan: 1) Soyuz and Angara
rockets; 2) New Spaceport in the Russian Far East; 3) Commercial
Satellites; 4) Robotic Lunar Probes ($20 billion 10 year plan)
Europe - $10 Billion Euro Investment 1) Ariane 5 and New Ariane 6:
2) Multipurpose Crew Vehicle – Sierra Nevada’s Dreamchaser ; 3)
Reusable rockets – long-term; 4) Moon Village by 2030
Japan -1) Moon rover; 2) Capsule or space plane by mid 2020s;
41
Planned US Spacecraft
Boeing CST-100 Starliner
First crewed flight in 2018?
(Commercial)
SpaceX Dragon
First crewed flight in 2017?
(Commercial)
Lockheed Martin Orion
First crewed flight in 2021?
(Government – NASA)
The Boeing CST and the Dragon will be used to ferry astronauts to low
Earth orbit (LEO). The Orion is designed for deep-space, including missions
to the moon, Mars and asteroids. All are designed to be reusable.
42
NASA’s New Launch System
The Space Launch System (SLS)
Initial Lift Capability - 150,000 lbs
More than Double any Operational
Vehicle Today – First launch scheduled
for 2018?
Propulsion
Two Solid Rocket Boosters, 1 J-2X
engine for the upper stage and 4 RS-25
engines (SSME) on the core booster
Evolved Lift Capability - 280,000 lbs
More than Any Past, Present, or Future
Vehicle
Propulsion
Two Advanced Solid Rocket Boosters, 2 J2X engines for the upper stage and 4 RS-25
engines (SSME) on the core booster
43
Job Outlook and Job Search
44
Do You Want to Work in Space?
“No, I’m from Iowa.
I only work in outer
space.”
Admiral James T. Kirk
Star Trek: The Voyage Home
45
The Future of Space and NewSpace:
The Key Criteria
Cost
•
•
•
•
•
Space X Falcon 9 - $65 Million
Delta IV Heavy - $300+ Million
Atlas V - $100 Million
Delta II - $164 Million
Ariane 5 - $137 Million
Reliability
• Is there a high degree of
probability that your rocket will
successfully deliver the
payload?
46
Safety
• Is there a high degree of
probability that the
astronauts/passengers will
be safe?
The Future of Space and NewSpace??
•
Launch market expected to grow from $6 billion
today to $8.5 billion in 2023
•
The space industry will continue to become more
blended: Government and Private Sector
collaboration
•
Legacy aerospace companies will play catch-up
with NewSpace companies . . . They will adapt and
survive
47
•
More countries will get involved with
space programs of varying sizes
•
NewSpace companies will continue to
emerge as needs change
•
Space will open-up to non
professional astronauts – 750+
humans fly into space by 2030
European Space Workforce
• European space industry employment increased by 2,051 workers, including those
from newly-added companies, reaching 38,233 employees in 2014
• This is an increase of 5.7% from the 36,182 employees in 2013
• Nearly 85% of these employees come from five nations: France, Germany, Italy,
the United Kingdom, and Spain.
• Demographic Breakdowns: within the European space industry workforce have
remained steady in recent years, with women, workers under 35 years old, and
workers over 54 years old each making up approximately 20% of the workforce.
• Note, the ESA has a surprisingly low number of young professionals, as only 4.4%
of its workforce is under 35
Source: The Space Report
48
Workforce Trends
• The space
workforce has
largely continued
trends from
previous years,
with the United
States civil
workforce
declining for the
seventh year in a
row, reaching a
new ten-year low
in 2013, while
Europe continued
its steady growth.
• The global space industry maintained its long-term growth trend in 2014, expanding by 9% from 2013.
The combined total for commercial revenues and government budgets was $329.50 billion in 2014, up
from $302.20 billion in 2013 and almost double from 2005
• Private companies represent 76% of the space economy
Source: The Space Report
49
Required Competencies
For Engineers in NewSpace
Multiple Languages
A big advantage in a global
engineering environment
Technical Excellence
The ability to perform the
technical tasks of the
position at a high level
Business Skills
Ability to understand the business
and how it relates and impacts
the technical side of the company
Communication Skills
Visionary
Ability to communicate both orally
and verbally, public speaking and
synthesize and report information
Ability to look beyond today and
imagine new scenarios
Creativity and Innovation
Positive Thinker and Decision Maker
Display confidence in yourself in
confronting challenges and be willing to
make decisions at the right time
Ability to see things in a
different way and suggest
new approaches
Critical Thinker
Interpersonal Skills
Ability to analyze and assess an
issue or problem and in a reasoned
approach develop solutions
Getting along and working
with people in a
multicultural environment
50
How You Can Become More Innovative
Exercise
Your Mind
Beyond the
Technical
Never Say:
•
•
•
We’ve always
done it that
way!”
•
Read
•
Take an art,
photography,
music or creative
writing class
“It will never
work.”
“I don’t know
how to do that.”
•
Never Think
You Know it
All!
Learn About
Everything
Look for “Trends
and
Opportunities” –
Understand the
business
•
The best
innovators are the
biggest learners
•
Think like a
beginner – ask
questions
•
Creativity is about
connecting things
that don’t always
make sense
•
Surround yourself
with non-experts
•
Constantly think
about how you
could be doing
things better
Source - 5 Ways Successful People Become More Innovative Everyday
51
Job Search Strategies in the NewSpace Age
Standout in the Crowd
Target Your Search
• What are your special skills
and talents?
• Conduct research on
industries and
companies that interest
you.
•
What are your significant
achievements?
• How can your skills help
the company?
• Align your interests with
the company mission and
products
Seal the Deal
• Do your homework - know the
company and its products
• Practice your interviewing skills
• Thanks You & Follow-up
Getting the
Job
Know Yourself
Develop Your Brand
Find the Opportunities
• What do you like to do?
• What kind of work do
you want to do?
• Where do you want to
work?
• Develop your two-minute pitch.
• Campus Career Services, On-Campus
Recruiting, Online Job-Boards, Company
Websites,
•
Use Targeted Resumes and
Cover Letters.
•
Use social networking like
LinkedIn, Facebook, etc.
52
• Professional Associations (IEEE AESS), Social Networks and Personal
Connections
The Elephant in the Room:
Getting a Space Job in other Countries
Fact: Government Jobs in the Space Industry Require Citizenship
Fact: Even many private sector positions also require citizenship, or
permanent resident status or special visas
So how do I get a job in the space industry if my country does
not have a space program?
Perseverance – It will take time: Create a long-range plan
Relocation – Immigration Laws Vary as well as company rules . . . Research the county and companies
you are targeting
Study Abroad – Get an advanced degree in the country you are targeting
Global Companies – Target companies that have multiple international locations . . . Provides you with
an opportunity to work on other countries
Build Your Credentials – You don’t have to start out at a space company. Gain experience where you
can . . . Make it part of your long-rang plans
Have Something Special to Offer a Company – Develop special skills and expertise to put you in
demand . . .
Use Your Network – IEEE connections (and others)
53
Space Employment Resources
TIP – Set Up
A Google
Alert to stay
informed:
• List of Government Space Agencies
• List of Aerospace Companies (From A to Z)
• List of NewSpace Companies (Appendix)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Society
Aviation Week & Space Technology
Aerospace Mall
Aerospace Industries Association
Space.com
Aerospace and Defense Industries Association of Europe
Space Foundation
Space Frontier Foundation
Spacenews.com
54
References and Reading List
• Flight: My Life in Mission Control – by Christopher Kraft
• Steve Jobs - by Walter Issacson
• SpaceX: Making Commercial Spaceflight A Reality- by Erik
Seedhouse
• Rocketeers: How a Visionary Band of Business Leaders, Engineers
and Pilots is Boldly Privatizing Space - by Michael Belfiore
• SpaceShipOne: An Illustrated History – by Dan Linehan
• Von Braun: Dreamer of Space/Engineer of War – by Michael Neufeld
• Korolev: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat
America to the Moon – by James Harford
55
If You Would Like a Copy of This
Presentation or if You Have Questions
Send an Email to:
[email protected]
56
Best Wishes for a Rewarding
and Successful Career
57
Appendix – NewSpace
Companies
58
NewSpace Companies
Altius Space Machines
Altius is a start-up hardware space robotics company focusing on technology areas such as Space Vehicle Robotics,
ISS Utilization Robotics and Orbital Logistics.
Astrobotic Technology
Astrobotic Technology flies hardware systems into space for companies, governments, and universities
B612 Foundation
B612 is an organization that works towards protection of Earth from asteroid impacts a reality, and to inform decisionmaking on planetary defense issues.
Bigelow Aerospace
We seek to assist human exploration and the discovery of beneficial resources, whether in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), on
the moon, in deep space or on Mars.
Blue Origin
A privately-funded aerospace manufacturer and spaceflight services company set up by Amazon.com founder Jeff
Bezos. The company is developing technologies to enable private human access to space with the goal to
dramatically lower cost and increase reliability.
Booster Space Industries
BOOSTER’s vision is to enable a commercially robust spaceflight market. Towards this objective, they are developing
an economically viable space transportation platform that can be utilized by both passengers and industry.
Copenhagen Suborbitals
Copenhagen Suborbitals is a non-profit, open project, amateur based space endeavour, funded entirely by private
sponsors and donors; working towards launching a human being into space, and bringing him/her safely back to
earth.
Cosmica Spacelines
Cosmica Spacelines is building a future of unique experiences, changed perspectives and boundless potential.
Clyde Space/
An award winning SME with a key focus on the design and manufacture of hardware for CubeSats, small satellites,
nanosatellites. Clyde Space supports missions at all levels; from conceptual design, development, integration,
testing, through to launch and on-orbit operations.
D-Orbit
D-Orbit is a first-mover in the market of decommissioning devices and a disruptor in next-generation commissioning
solutions. We are leading the future in satellite fleet management by developing state-of-the-art technology to be
integrated on satellites and launcher stages to streamline the initial and the final phase of the mission, reducing
system complexity and cost of operation, and increasing lifetime, reliability, and revenues.
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NewSpace Companies (2)
Deep Space Industries
Deep Space Industries is an Asteroid Mining company, developing the technologies to find, harvest, and supply the
asteroid resources that will transform the space economy.
Digital Solid State
Propulsion
Digital Solid State Propulsion, Inc. is a Nevada based business founded in October 2005 to commercialize green,
safe, solid energetic materials.
Earth2Orbit
Earth2Orbit (E2O) is the India’s first private space start-up exploring opportunities with new launch vehicles,
affordable small satellites, and taking initial steps to realize "out there" frontiers of space-based power generation and
extraterrestrial mining.
Effective Space Solutions
Providing satellite operators with life-extension and other in-orbit services. Deploying and operating a fleet of small
spacecraft with a universal docking system.
Exos Aerospace
EXOS has led the way to some of the most impressive private, commercial, reusable rockets designs and concepts in
the world today. They have developed, flown and retrieved for re-use, rockets that are reliable, reusable, better for the
environment and easier on your budget.
Final Frontier Design
A private design firm crafting aerospace safety garments for the future of space travel.
Firefly Space Systems
Firefly was created for one simple reason: provide low-cost, high-performance space launch capability for the underserved small satellite market, where secondary-payload launches are often the only option.
Galactic Suite Design
GALACTIC SUITE GROUP is a Barcelona based company, which creates opportunities around technology and
people to promote a private access to Space. Founded in 2007 by Xavier Claramunt, the company creates and
promotes cutting-edge concepts to foster alliances and help creating relationships among companies and research
centers.
Garvey Spacecraft
A small aerospace R&D company focusing on cost-effective development of
advanced space technologies and launch vehicle systems
Generation Orbit
Generation Orbit is changing the future of space launch and hypersonic flight. At GO (we pronounce our name “go”),
we believe that flying higher and faster are technical challenges worthy of the space generation. We are a passionate
company of inventors, creators, and builders with near term goals and long-term dreams for space and atmospheric
flight.
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NewSpace Companies (3)
GomSpace
GomSpace can offer a full mission solution, based on our port-folio of subsystems and extensive know-how
Made In Space
Founded in 2010 with the goal of enabling humanity’s future in space, Made In Space, Inc. has developed additive
manufacturing technology for use in the space environment. By manufacturing space assets in space, as opposed to
launching them from Earth, the company plans to accelerate and broaden space development while also providing
unprecedented access for people on Earth to use in-space capabilities.
Masten Space Systems
Founded in 2004, Masten Space Systems has been committed to rapid reusability for over a decade. This
demonstrated reusability enables us to reliably and safely test new technologies aboard our rocket-powered landers.
Mars One
Mars One is a not for profit foundation with the goal of establishing a permanent human settlement on Mars. To
prepare for this settlement the first unmanned mission is scheduled to depart in 2020. Crews will depart for their oneway journey to Mars starting in 2026; subsequent crews will depart every 26 months after the initial crew has left for
Mars.
Moon Express
A privately held early stage company formed by a group of Silicon Valley and space entrepreneurs, with the goal of
winning the Google Lunar X Prize, and ultimately mining the Moon for natural resources of economic value.
Nano Racks
NanoRacks is committed to helping stimulate the market demand across all orbiting platforms by creating a
commercial climate conducive to allowing new users, from students to researchers, from government space agencies
to individuals, to conduct research, design experiments, tinker, make mistakes, and maybe realize wonderful
breakthroughs in low-earth orbit and beyond.
NovaWurks
NovaWurks believes that everyone should have access to the latest tools for the exploration and understanding of
our planet, and the surrounding universe. Our platform enables colleges and universities, commercial ventures and
agencies to envision and deploy affordable spacecraft built around their own payloads. For the first time, space is for
Everyone!
Planet IQ
PlanetiQ represents a new model of collaboration between public and private stakeholders, one that leverages
private funds to augment government systems with commercial data at a lower cost and with less technical and
financial risk, in order to sustain and increase collection of the environmental data required for accurate forecasts and
informed decisions.
Planet Labs
Planet is designing, building and launching satellites faster than any company or government in history. We use
commodity consumer electronics to build highly capable satellites at drastically lower costs. With the most advanced
satellites launching into orbit every 3-4 months, our capabilities are on the cutting edge and always advancing.
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NewSpace Companies (4)
Planetary Resources
We are an interdisciplinary team working together to develop a new generation of spacecraft. Design, prototyping,
build, test, environmental test, assembly and operations…all under one roof. By vertically integrating our process we
are able to achieve building 90% of our systems entirely in-house, leveraging a tightly-integrated design process and
providing more capability with a smaller team.
PLD Space
PLD Space is a European startup that is developing space technologies to provide suborbital and orbital commercial
launch services, dedicated to small payloads and nanosatellites.
Pocket Spacecraft
We’re a global team of scientists, engineers and designers that have worked on this concept at some of the world’s
leading universities and come together to kick start the personal interplanetary space age and give you the
opportunity to become a hands on citizen space explorer.
Roccor
ROCCOR was established in 2011 with the mission of providing low-cost, high performance deployable structure
systems to spacecraft and terrestrial commercial markets. Our particular focus is on deployable structure systems
utilizing elastically stowed and deployed fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structural elements. Our
competitive advantage includes novel designs addressing the limitations (both performance and cost) that have
previously plagued these systems.
Satellogic
Satellogic will democratize access to space-based services by dramatically reducing the barriers to obtain real-time
satellite data, creating a new layer of world-wide awareness.
Monitoring changes in real time on a planetary scale will transform our relationship with the planet, and help us tackle
the most pressing challenges.
Scaled Composites
Founded in 1982 by Burt Rutan, scaled has broad experience in air vehicle design, tooling and manufacturing,
specialty composite structure design, analysis and fabrication, and developmental flight tests of air and space
vehicles.
Sierra Nevada Corporation
Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) is a privately held, advanced technology company headquartered in Sparks,
Nevada. SNC provides customer-focused innovative solutions in the areas of aerospace, aviation, electronics, and
systems integration.
SpaceX
SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. The company was founded in 2002
to revolutionize space technology, with the ultimate goal of enabling people to live on other planets.
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NewSpace Companies (5)
Spaceflight
Spaceflight is a next-generation, integrated space services and solutions company that is
fundamentally changing how small satellites are built, launched and operated to improve access to
space and enable persistent global awareness.
Space Ground Amalgam
SpaceGroundAmalgam, LLC provides management and space systems consulting services focused on strategy &
new market creation, business & technology architectures, change management and leadership development to
customers in the space, defense, intelligence and commercial marketplaces.
Swiss Space Systems
Swiss Space Systems - S3 is shaping the future of commercial space and academic space research. Our vision is to
be the world leader in in-orbit delivery of small satellites.
Space Pharma
SpacePharma’s mission is to become a world leader in providing simplified and valuable, end-toend microgravity services and solutions for research.
Terminal Velocity
Aerospace
Terminal Velocity Aerospace (TVA) is developing a line of small hypersonic flight products, unmanned orbital reentry
capsules, and heat shield technologies to support future space flight research and sample return applications.
The Spaceship Company
At our roots was our Founder, Richard Branson’s long held desire to experience space for himself and a belief that
millions of others shared that dream. He also recognized the huge demand for affordable, safe and regular access to
space, unsatisfied by legacy providers and technologies, presented an opportunity for private sector investment and
innovation, and carried the potential to drive lasting, positive change.
UP Aerospace
UP Aerospace is a space launch and flight test service provider incorporated in 2004 by founder Jerry Larson to offer
world class access to space. We specialize in advanced engineering, launch technology development, and state-ofthe-art rapid and low cost launch operations.
Virgin Galactic
Our purpose is to become the spaceline for Earth; democratizing access to space for the benefit of life on Earth.
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NewSpace Companies (6)
Vulcan Aerospace
Vulcan Aerospace is a division of Vulcan Inc., committed to developing ground-breaking technology while remaining
disciplined and cognizant of lessons from the past. Much like the evolution of the integrated circuit chip evolved from
a mainframe into a mobile device - altering the course of human history - Vulcan Aerospace believes offering
convenient, affordable access to space will have a similar effect on the global economy.
XCOR
XCOR Aerospace is a spacecraft and rocket engineering company based in Mojave, California. We are currently in
the process of expanding our corporate and R&D headquarters to Midland, Texas. XCOR Aerospace has pioneered
rapid development of long-life, reusable rocket engines for human transport applications for more than a decade, and
employs around 100 people worldwide.
Zero Gravity Corporation
Zero Gravity Corporation is a privately held space entertainment and tourism company whose mission is to make the
excitement and adventure of space accessible to the public. The experience offered by ZERO-G is the only
commercial opportunity on Earth for individuals to experience true "weightlessness" without going to space.
ZERO-G's attention to detail, excellent service and quality of experience combined with its exciting history has set the
foundation for exhilarating adventure based tourism.
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Government Space Agencies
Vulcan Aerospace
Vulcan Aerospace is a division of Vulcan Inc., committed to developing ground-breaking technology while remaining
disciplined and cognizant of lessons from the past. Much like the evolution of the integrated circuit chip evolved from
a mainframe into a mobile device - altering the course of human history - Vulcan Aerospace believes offering
convenient, affordable access to space will have a similar effect on the global economy.
XCOR
XCOR Aerospace is a spacecraft and rocket engineering company based in Mojave, California. We are currently in
the process of expanding our corporate and R&D headquarters to Midland, Texas. XCOR Aerospace has pioneered
rapid development of long-life, reusable rocket engines for human transport applications for more than a decade, and
employs around 100 people worldwide.
Zero Gravity Corporation
Zero Gravity Corporation is a privately held space entertainment and tourism company whose mission is to make the
excitement and adventure of space accessible to the public. The experience offered by ZERO-G is the only
commercial opportunity on Earth for individuals to experience true "weightlessness" without going to space.
ZERO-G's attention to detail, excellent service and quality of experience combined with its exciting history has set the
foundation for exhilarating adventure based tourism.
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