NEB EXPRESSIONS ® A scientific update from New England Biolabs® Programming Life: Inquiry & Engineering through Synthetic Biology page 3 Golden Gate Assembly page 8 NEBuilder® HiFi DNA Assembly page 9 15 Inspiring Scientists Receive Passion in Science Awards™ page 7 40th Anniversary of NEB – The lucky winners page 6 Issue I, 2015 On the Shoulders of Giants Bioinformatics Sequencing Data Cost of DNA Synthesis Helping to Establish the Field of Synthetic Biology Collaboration of biologists and computer scientists led to development of software tools for biologists, including Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), as well as other alignment and codon optimization tools (4). Automated DNA sequencers became widespread and more affordable, and the first complete genome of an organism was sequenced (47–49). Cost of synthesizing DNA dropped 1,000-fold in a decade, and speed of production increased (50). NEB receives LIFE SCIENCE INDUSTRY AWARD for “Best Molecular Biology Products” Custom Oligonucleotides Recombinant DNA In the late 1950s, Khorana developed the synthetic approach of blocking/deblocking cycles for the stepwise elongation of oligos. This eventually led to solid phase synthesis and automation. In 1972, the first published report of recombinant DNA made in vitro, and then transformed into E. coli (42,43). 2010s 1990s Contents 1970s 1950s Issue I, 2015 2000s 3 Programming Life: Inquiry & Engineering feature article 1980s 1960s Gene Regulation Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Jacob & Monod first described a genetic circuit (39), earning a Nobel prize in 1965. Seminal discoveries included the lysis vs. lysogeny developmental switch in bacteriophage lambda (λ) (40,41). First uses of PCR in 1983 (44) helped fuel an explosion of scientific applications, from genetic engineering to forensic science. Early DNA Assembly Genome Editing One-Step DNA Assembly First reports connecting synthetic DNA to genome editing in the lambda red system in eubacteria. Later developments include the use of engineered zinc finger nucleases, TALENS (29) and CRISPR/Cas9 (30,31). Development of one-step assembly methods, including Golden Gate (51), USER®, Gibson Assembly® (52) and NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly (53). Through Synthetic Biology In vitro enzymatic approaches using complementary, overlapping oligonucleotides enabled genes to be synthesized directly from sequence (45,46). Understanding the origins of this new and exciting field is just the first step towards creating novel biological systems. 6 40th anniversary Prize Draw Which was your first NEB catalog? See what researchers in Europe shared regarding their first NEB catalog and how they started their carreer www.lifescienceindustryawards.com 7 BsaI 3´ 15 Inspiring Scientists Receive Passion in Science Awards NEB celebrated its 40th anniversary by honoring the unsung heroes of the laboratory for their shared values and vision. BsaI NNNNNGAGACC NNNNNCTCTGG 5´ special section 5´ GGTCTCNNNNN 3´ CCAGAGNNNNN P2 P3 A P1 8 NEB Golden Gate Assembly B P5 P4 new products P6 PCR amplification of vector and fragments Enjoy the single-tube simplicity of this straightforward, BsaI-based assembly technique. A Single-tube reaction • BsaI • DNA ligase PCRlinearized vector + B PCR-amplified fragments 9 new products NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly The next generation of DNA assembly and cloning has arrived. Primer 10 Rapid PCR Cleanup Enzyme Set PCR product new products dNTPs + Rapid PCR Cleanup Enzyme Set (1 µl of each enzyme per 5 µl of PCR product) Incubate at 37°C for 5 minutes 2 OneTaq One-Step RT-PCR Kit Enjoy faster protocols with less hands-on time! Inactivate at 80°C for 10 minutes Order your copy of the upcoming NEB CATALOG & TECHNICAL REFERENCE 2015/16 at your local distributor! Test now and order „Trial Size“ ...or larger! 11 Rapid PNGase F Cleaned up PCR product new products Quickly release N-linked oligosaccharides from your glycoprotein. SNAP-Cell® 647-SiR New fluorescent probe for intracellular live-cell imaging 12 Quick-Load Purple DNA Ladders new products new purple loading dye for sharper bands and no UV shadow cover photo Common Grape Hyacinth (Muscari neglectum) growing on the NEB campus. NEW ENGLAND BIOLABS®, NEB®, NEBUILDER® and SNAP-CELL® are registered trademarks of New England Biolabs, Inc. PASSION IN SCIENCE AWARDS™ and ULTRA™ are trademarks of New England Biolabs, Inc. BIOBRICKS® is a registered trademark of the Biobricks Foundation. CARGILL® is a registered trademark of Cargill. AMYRIS® is a registered trademark of Amyris. GINKGO BIOWORKS™ is a trademark of Ginkgo Bioworks. JOULE® is a registered trademark of Joule. EVOLVA® is a registered trademark of Evolva. PRONUTRIA® is a registered trademark of Pronutria. TRACKIT™ is a trademark of Invitrogen™. Invitrogen™ is a trademark of Life Technologies, Inc. www.neb.com feature article Programming Life: Inquiry & Engineering Through Synthetic Biology The report of the first chimeric DNA molecule in 1968 (1) ushered in a new age for experimental biology and biotechnology. The ability to propagate DNA obtained, in principle, from virtually any organism within the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli (2) set the stage for sequencing of genes and genomes. This advance enabled researchers not only to connect a mutant phenotype with the corresponding genotype, but also paved the way for the industrial production of medically important proteins such as insulin. The in vitro construction of recombinant DNA thus became a cornerstone method in the functional and biochemical characterization of genes and proteins. The five decades following the birth of molecular cloning have witnessed an incredible scaling-up of molecular biology due, in large part, to the development of high-throughput technologies in nucleic acid sequencing and macromolecular analysis. But long absent from the resulting explosion of information has been the ability to rationally recreate, in the laboratory, the regulatory complexity of the very gene networks forming the basis cellular behavior. In short, we know a great deal about the “code of life” but are only now beginning to be able to program with it. This aspiration has, in part, given birth to the rapidly developing field of synthetic biology, which aims to unite the rigor of engineering with the design and construction of recombinant nucleic acids, with which to study and understand the behavior of genetic circuits as well as utilize them for technological ends. Peter Weigle, Ph.D., New England Biolabs, Inc. and Laura Fulford, BiteSize Bio What is Synthetic Biology? Though a comprehensive definition of synthetic biology is elusive, one may characterize it as a “build to understand” approach to biology (3). A quote by the famous theoretical physicist Richard Feynman epitomizes a theme characteristic of the field – “What I cannot create, I do not understand.” How does this sentiment relate to recombinant DNA? Imagine beginning with a repertoire of well-characterized DNA “parts” encoding biological functions such as receptors, promoters, activators, repressors, terminators and reporter genes (or other outputs) – and attempting to rearrange them into configurations designed to direct a biological system (typically, a cellular “chassis”) to accomplish a desired task. Think a pollution detecting E. coli cell that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the presence of arsenic and then self-destructs after a given period of time, or an engineered implantable human cell line that undergoes a preset number of cell divisions and then secretes insulin at precisely regulated levels in response to extracellular glucose concentrations. Such re-purposed cells would be described, in synthetic biology parlance, as “genetic devices.” These devices are designed for multi-step behaviors, and relative to earlier examples of genetic engineering, their design is necessarily complex. How cells can be programmed for such functions is neither intuitive nor obvious. Here, synthetic biology has made a radical departure from previous forms of genetic engineering by borrowing engineering concepts from control theory and digital computing as a framework upon which to design genetic circuits for programming cellular behaviors. A genetic implementation of one such “simple” computational operation, the Boolean Figure 1. Cellular computation. A. Molecular Diagram of a Biological Circuit Inputs Arabinose PBAD AraC SicA Plac Output PsicA sicA GFP GFP InvF invF Fluorescence LacI IPTG B. Schematic of an “AND” Gate Inputs Arabinose IPTG Output GFP Inputs Arabinose – + – + Output IPTG – – + + GFP – – – + C. Higher-order Circuit Input 1 Input 2 Output Input 3 Input 4 Synthetic biology draws some of its inspiration from the engineering disciplines of control theory and digital circuit-design. In the illustrated example (A), an assemblage of biological components ideally functions to convert two chemical inputs (IPTG and arabinose) into an output: the expression of the fluorescent reporter protein GFP. Two promoters (PBAD and Plac are each constitutively repressed until induced by their cognate chemical signals (arabinose and IPTG, respectively). Each operon expresses half of a two-part transcriptional activator (the SicA and InvF gene products) which together activate the transcription of the GFP under the control of PsicA. Expression of the reporter only occurs in the presence of both inputs. The DNA circuit can be represented abstractly as a logic gate implementing the Boolean “AND” operation and is shown with the associated truth table (B). Higher order circuits (C) can be created by combinations of modular genetic gates; in this example, three AND gates convert four inputs into a single output. Figure content adapted from Brophy and Voigt (2014). AND gate, is shown in Figure 1. Higher order combinations of multiple kinds of genetically encoded Boolean operations, and other types of synthetic gene circuits, have been constructed to perform a variety of simple computational tasks, including edge-detection, cell to cell communication, and counting of signal inputs (4). Going from a circuit schematic to a working genetic device is guided by an engineering paradigm: the design-build-test cycle (Figure 2, p. 4). A key tool in this process is computer-aided mathematical modeling. Unlike their electrical counterparts, genetic circuits operate under conditions that dominate the cellular environment. A model attempting to describe and predict the behavior of a genetic device must accurately incorporate a range of parameters such as diffusion, binding equilibria, networks of protein/DNA interactions, and dynamic reactant concentrations; a variety of deterministic and stochastic approaches have been employed to accomplish this goal (5). As such, the 3 feature article model embodies a sophisticated hypothesis about how the device might work. The genetic device is prototyped (e.g., synthetic DNA is assembled and transformed into the cell) and its behavior evaluated in terms of the model. What is learned during each stage is used to improve the performance of the device in subsequent rounds of the cycle – through changes to the device itself, as well as through refinements to the model. While synthetic biology shares many of the tools and reagents with hypothesis-driven experimental biology and molecular biology, it follows a fundamentally different approach. Many of the techniques in a molecular biologist’s repository (e.g., oligo synthesis, genome editing) may not exist in their current form were it not for synthetic biology. Conversely, synthetic biologists can build upon discoveries made by molecular biologists. In essence, synthetic biologists assemble genetic components in order to execute an “artificial” function, and in the process of getting it to work, the engineered genetic construct becomes itself an object of study and yields basic principles for application to subsequent designs. Chemical engineering in vivo A practical definition of synthetic biology must also include the latest developments in industrial fermentation and metabolic engineering. Even a cursory survey of papers and journals covering synthetic biology shows a significant number of reports describing synthetic biology to synthesize fuels, chemicals and materials. Historically, this technology began as an outgrowth of beer and wine making, after it was discovered that fermentation could also be used to produce economically valuable solvents and organic acids (6). With the advent of greatly expanded sequence databases, inexpensive DNA synthesis, and genome engineering methods, it has become increasingly practical to do chemical synthesis in vivo. Designer metabolic pathways utilizing genes encoding enzymes derived from any of the domains of life can inserted into microbes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or E. coli, endowing them Figure 2. Workflow only an engineer could love. Quantitative Design HypothesisDriven Debugging Physical Construction Experimental Measurement The synthetic biology workflow is iterative. 4 with the ability to convert cheap chemical inputs, such as starch- or cellulose-derived sugars, into more commercially valuable chemicals. The products of synthetic biology applied to industrial fermentation are already in the marketplace and new products are in the works. Large agro-chemical companies such as Cargill® have established plants for the conversion of starch to platform chemicals such as 3-hydroxypropanoate, which can serve as an intermediate for many other commodity chemicals. The engineering of E. coli and Saccharomyces to produce the anti-malarial precursor artemisinic acid by Amyris® is a landmark achievement in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Elements of their engineered biosynthetic pathway have subsequently been repurposed to produce fuels and high value chemicals (7), while Ginkgo Bioworks™ (8) and companies such as Joule® (9) are engineering microbes to mitigate greenhouse gases such as methane and CO2 and produce valuable products, including biofuels. Industrial biosynthesis is not limited to pharmaceuticals and commodity-scale chemicals. Companies such as Evolva® are working on ways to engineer yeast to produce vanillin, stevia and even the flavor components of saffron (10), while Pronutria® is working to efficiently convert CO2 to feed and medicinal nutrients (11). The First Synthetic Gene Circuits In 2000, the first synthetic circuits were made when Gardner, Cantor and Collins created a genetic toggle switch (12), and Elowitz and Leibler engineered a repressilator, a synthetic genetic regulatory network designed from scratch to produce stable oscillations of gene expression (13). Both of these circuits were model-based, but both also needed experimental fine-tuning to achieve agreement between model and experimental output. These experiments were quickly followed by “The First International Meeting on Synthetic Biology” or SB1.0, which was held in 2004 at MIT (14). Attended by biologists, chemists, physicists, engineers and computer scientists, the goal of this conference was to bring together those scientists interested in creating and characterizing synthetic biological systems. This meeting, and smaller ones like it, laid down the foundation of a new, emerging discipline. To combat these issues, a public repository, the Registry of Standard Biological Parts (RSBP), was founded at MIT by Tom Knight and Drew Endy. The goal of this repository is to catalog and develop genetic parts into ‘BioBricks®’ that could be used for the assembly of larger circuits. The BioBrick standard was developed to ensure that parts could be easily shared and used among synthetic biologists by requiring submitted parts to conform to a simplified cloning scheme utilizing four restriction enzymes. However, it became quickly clear that the task of populating the Registry with biological parts, and the work of characterizing them to establish their utility, would dwarf the resources of the relatively small numbers of labs devoted to synthetic biology. Out of this daunting mission, and the need to sustainably train a new generation of synthetic biologists, the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition was born (15). Training the next generation of bioengineers Since its inception in 2004, iGEM has evolved into a highly successful vehicle for training and showcasing a new generation of biological engineers using the synthetic biology framework. In 2014, iGEM hosted its 10th annual Jamboree, with over 4,000 participants from across the globe presenting projects that detailed their efforts to model, build and test genetic devices. Students competed in a variety of tracks such as Food, Medicine, Manufacturing and Information Processing. Each team was also asked to demonstrate that they have considered the impact and implications of the technologies they are developing through dialog with relevant stakeholders. Teams were supported by various organizations, including NEB (for more information, visit www.neb.com/igem). To date, more than 28,000 student competitors have participated in this engineering competition. A rapidly maturing field Synthetic Biology as a discipline continues to grow rapidly. Recent synthetic biology developments include: A Community to Build From Circuits Get Complex – In the early 2000s, DNA circuits continued to advance. More elements were added (16), and sensing became more diversified (17,18). Additionally, RNA, not just DNA, was used in circuit generation (19–21). As the synthetic biology discipline grew, it quickly became clear that there needed to be a more efficient way to assemble genetic parts and circuits (4). Without established methods for assembly and testing, researchers were forced to ad hoc experimental designs, wasting time and money by designing, testing and redesigning constructs. ‘Synthetic’ Used to Investigate ‘Native’ – Beginning in 2009, designed circuits were used to understand native systems through compare/contrast schemes (22) of engineered versus native systems. Synthetic Biology was not just limited to engineering new biology; it was also used to investigate and understand native biology. www.neb.com Commercially Valuable Products are Made – In the 2000s, amino acid biosynthesis was used to produce commercially valuable products such as isobutanol (23,24), biodiesel (25) and gasoline (26). These experiments were a logical extension of fermentation biotechnology and highlighted synthetic biology’s commercial and environmental promise. Therapies Engineered – In 2010, Fussenegger and colleagues engineered a synthetic circuit that, when inserted into the genome of a mouse mutant bred to develop hyperuricemia, was able to maintain uric acid homeostasis, essentially correcting an inborn metabolic defect (33). This demonstrated the therapeutic promise of synthetic biology. Assembly of a Whole Bacterial Genome in Yeast – In 2008, researchers were able to take advantage of yeast’s remarkable ability to recombine overlapping DNA fragments to assemble an entire genome in a single step. This method allowed for speedier assembly of DNA molecules than previous methods (27,28). Ongoing Challenges Synthetic Biology is a young field, but it has achieved much in a short time period. However, like all disciplines, it continues to face challenges. Measurement, Robustness and Predictability – Aspects of synthetic biology still remain an art. Genetic circuits often require much “tweaking” New Genome Editing Tools Emerge – Beginning in order to get them to function in the context in 2010, zinc finger nucleases gave way to more for which they were designed. Further principles precise genome editing tools, from TALENS (29) to, governing the function of genetic circuits will have in 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 (30) systems. This empowto be elucidated to improve the interoperability of ered synthetic and molecular biologists to create and genetic parts in multiple contexts. explore as never before. In addition, a catalytically inactive form of Cas9, known as dCas9, has further Cells are Not Exactly Digital – Though incredibly powerful as a guiding framework for designenhanced the usefulness of the CRISPR/Cas9 sysing, building, and testing genetic circuits, the digitem by enabling both activation and repression of transcription in yeast and mammalian cells, allowing tal circuit metaphor has limits. Biological systems differ from electronic ones in fundamental ways, modulation of endogenous gene expression (31). and modeling genetic regulation remains under First “Artificial Cell” Engineered – In 2010, Craig determined. Synthetic biology researchers continue Venter and colleagues demonstrated just how far to incorporate new ideas and theories to describe, the discipline of synthetic biology had come when model and predict genetic circuit behaviors. A new they published a paper disclosing the recreation of a and promising area utilizes analogies to analog Mycoplasma mycoides cell controlled by a chemicallycircuitry (34). synthesized genome (32). Ethics and Safety – Synthetic Biology, and indeed all genetic engineering, has provoked concern over potential misuse, intentional or accidental. There is active discussion regarding potential impacts (35). Built-in forms of biological containment are also an active area of investigation, including the refinement of genetic “kill switches”, which ideally would ensure that genetic devices could not survive outside of the laboratory or factory. Government policy has and will continue to weigh in: information on the ethics of synthetic biology can be found in the 2010 Presidential Bioethics Commission report on synthetic biology (36). As with other technologies, a scientifically literate public is a requirement for nuanced and effective dialog. Future directions The past sixty years have seen incredible scientific and technological advances based on the ability to compose in DNA. DNA-driven technologies will continue to absorb developments and ways of thinking from diverse fields. Advances in materials sciences, nanotechnology, microfluidics, automated liquid handling, indeed all the applied sciences, will drive new applications using cellular systems and even biological technologies beyond the cell (37,38). The proliferation and use of these technologies will continue to impact our lives. With prudence and foresight, they may prove indispensible to our survival. See page 8 for references associated with this article. On the Shoulders of Giants Bioinformatics Sequencing Data Cost of DNA Synthesis Helping to Establish the Field of Synthetic Biology Collaboration of biologists and computer scientists led to development of software tools for biologists, including Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), as well as other alignment and codon optimization tools (4). Automated DNA sequencers became widespread and more affordable, and the first complete genome of an organism was sequenced (47–49). Cost of synthesizing DNA dropped 1,000-fold in a decade, and speed of production increased (50). Custom Oligonucleotides Recombinant DNA In the late 1950s, Khorana developed the synthetic approach of blocking/deblocking cycles for the stepwise elongation of oligos. This eventually led to solid phase synthesis and automation. In 1972, the first published report of recombinant DNA made in vitro, and then transformed into E. coli (42,43). 2010s 1990s 1970s 1950s 2000s 1980s 1960s Gene Regulation Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Jacob & Monod first described a genetic circuit (39), earning a Nobel prize in 1965. Seminal discoveries included the lysis vs. lysogeny developmental switch in bacteriophage lambda (λ) (40,41). First uses of PCR in 1983 (44) helped fuel an explosion of scientific applications, from genetic engineering to forensic science. Early DNA Assembly In vitro enzymatic approaches using complementary, overlapping oligonucleotides enabled genes to be synthesized directly from sequence (45,46). Genome Editing One-Step DNA Assembly First reports connecting synthetic DNA to genome editing in the lambda red system in eubacteria. Later developments include the use of engineered zinc finger nucleases, TALENS (29) and CRISPR/Cas9 (30,31). Development of one-step assembly methods, including Golden Gate (51), USER®, Gibson Assembly® (52) and NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly (53). 5 Which was your first NEB catalog? – The 40th anniversary prize draw Which was your first NEB catalog? Answers from Europe: With the latest Edition of the NEB Expressions, we asked you “Which was your first NEB catalog? Simply share your answer with us online and take part in our great 40th anniversary prize draw!” Here are the results: We invite you to take a look at the info graphics on the right as well as the nice anecdotes and comments below you shared with us. Please also visit our webpage at www.NEBanniversary.eu and find further anecdotes as well the list and photos of the main prize winners. 2013-2014 2011-2013 2009-2010 2002-2003 2000-2001 7,8 % 6,5 % 6,2 % 1998-1999 1996-1997 3,9 % 3,1 % 1992 1990-1991 1988-1989 1986-1987 1985-1986 1982-1983 1981-1982 1980-1981 1977-1978 1975 – 1976 11% 9,9 % 8,0 % 2007-2008 2005-2006 1995 1993-1994 7,8 % 10,9 % Your comments – a nice selection: • Instead of handing over a protocol, my supervisor gave me the NEB catalog when I took my first steps (...) almost 15 years ago. It has been my cloning bible ever since. • I still keep and work with this catalog. It is currently on my bench. • My Professor told me to order my own copy of the NEB catalog for reference because she didn‘t loan her out.. • My supervisor was a very nice good-looking junior postdoc that tried to invite for a beer. She declined my offer. I had very little experience in Molecular Biolog and she made me cut DNA. Used to Biochemistry, I used undiluted 10x buffer for the reaction. She laughed at me. Next day after she corrected my experiment. I found a brand-new NEB catalog on my motorbike with a note: Start from the last pages, read 2 chapters a day, learn fast and we‘ll see. The next days I cleaned my ignorance with joy, laughs and finally a beer.... • I was announced „most lazy phD-student of the lab“ as I always try to avoid tedious steps in my protocol, such as buffer exchange steps. That is why I always use the NEB-buffer system to perform my enzymatic reactions. • My boss told me that the NEB catalog was the Bible of the lab and that it will bring me luck! I am always using it right now (the old one from 1996-97)! • Often ridiculous stuff happened to me like when I made my samples and wanted to load them on the gel, but I did not put a comb in. Funny, I was looking and looking but could not figure out what did I do wrong?! I should emphasize that this was when I got back from my maternity leave, so my brain was washed out with dirty diapers...:) • In the first week of my PhD I went to the lab on Sunday evening at 7.25 pm to do the inoculum of E. coli. No one told me that the building closes at 7.30 pm so I spent a nice Sunday night in the lab. From that moment on, I always check opening time of the buildings I work in. 8,8 % 2,9 % 0,1 % 4,5 % 1,9 % 1,5 % 0,8 % 1,1 % 1979 1,6 % 0,3 % 0,2 % 1983-1984 1,1 % 0,6 % Please visit our anniversary webpage to view the winners and see more nice and funny comments: www.NEBanniversary.eu Order your copy of the upcoming NEB catalog 2015/16 at your local distributor! The lucky winners: Voucher for free NEB products of choice (value of 1000 €): 5x Quick Cloning Box-HF, essential enzymes & reagents (value of 399 €): Yukiko Shimada, Friedrich Miescher Institute Basel, Switzerland Zeljko Jaksic, Ruder Boscovic Institute, Croatia; Kashif Rasheed, University of Oslo, Norway; Luka Kranjc, University of Primorska, Slovenia; Jonas Schaefer, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Ellen de Waal, Leiden University, The Netherlands 3x Scientific Conference travel grants (value of 500 €): Valentina André, University of Milano, Italy; Jeroen Adema, GenDx Utrecht, The Netherlands; Maria Ángeles Martinez Rodriguez, University of Valencia, Spain Main Prize Main Prize Yukiko Shimada, FMI Basel Valentina André, University of Milano NEB Products of choice value of 1000 € Scientific Conference Travel Grant value of 500 € To be redeemed at your local NEB distributor (by Dec. 31th 2015) 40th anniversary of NEB Frankfurt, February 2015, Dr. Thomas Möllenkamp (NEB) To be redeemed at your local NEB distributor (by Dec. 31th 2015) Main Prize Main Prize Jeroen Adema, GenDx, Utrecht 40th anniversary of NEB Frankfurt, February 2015, Dr. Thomas Möllenkamp (NEB) Scientific Conference Travel Grant value of 500 € To be redeemed at your local NEB distributor (by Dec. 31th 2015) Maria Ángeles Martinez Rodriguez, Univ. of Valencia 40th anniversary of NEB Frankfurt, February 2015, Dr. Thomas Möllenkamp (NEB) Scientific Conference Travel Grant value of 500 € To be redeemed at your local NEB distributor (by Dec. 31th 2015) 40th anniversary of NEB Frankfurt, February 2015, Dr. Thomas Möllenkamp (NEB) All other lucky winners have been informed and already received their respective prizes (i.e. 20 NEB Laptop bags and 100 NEB lab timers). www.neb.com technical tips 15 Inspiring Scientists Receive Passion in Science Awards ™ THE 2014 “PASSION IN SCIENCE” AWARDS, hosted by New England Biolabs in celebration of the company’s 40th anniversary, recognized scientists for their inspirational work that crosses into the arts, humanitarian service, environmental stewardship and scientific leadership. Selected from more than 600 candidates worldwide, the Passion in Science awardees provide stirring examples of the impact scientists can make when choosing to help others. In October 2014, the awardees gathered from around the world for a two-day summit at NEB’s campus in Ipswich, Massachusetts, to discuss how scientists can create opportunities to progress their passions in this first-of-its-kind event. A working session of the arts and creativity award recipients includes medical student Shelly Xie, whose evocative sandart performances depict the heartbreaking stories of people suffering from tropical diseases neglected by modern medicine. Award recipient Whitney Hagins tours NEB’s greenhouse and wastewater treatment system with fellow scientific leadership winners. Hagins, a BioTeach mentor and program coordinator in Boston, develops hands-on science curriculum and teacher training to support high school science education. 2014 Passion in Science Award winners pictured with their hosts outside the New England Biolabs facility in Ipswich, MA. Inspiration in Science Award Winners Laurie Doering – McMaster University Jason Furrer – University of Missouri Whitney Hagins – Massachusetts Biotechnology Education Ite Laird-Offringa – University of Southern California Kalai Mathee – Florida International University Environmental Stewardship Award Winners Tonni Kurniawan – Xiamen University Andrew Markley – University of Wisconsin Humanitarian Duty Award Winners Lori Baker – Baylor University Karl Booksh – University of Delaware Peter Hotez – Sabin Vaccine Institute Paul McDonald – Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute Arts and Creativity Award Winners Tal Danino – Massachusetts Institute of Technology Louise Hughes – Oxford Brookes University Alia Qatarneh – Harvard University Shelly Xie – UT Southwestern Medical Center Postdoc Andrew Markley, pictured here in blue, walks the NEB campus and discusses opportunities to reduce lab waste. Markley founded an initiative to collect expanded polystyrene boxes on his University of Wisconsin, Madison campus and reuse them locally. Learn more about our award winners and their inspiring projects in our latest video at www.neb.com/PassionInScience 7 new products Golden Gate Assembly advantages of golden gate assembly The efficient and seamless assembly of DNA fragments, commonly referred to as Golden Gate assembly (1,2), has its origins in 1996 when, for the first time, it was shown that multiple inserts could be assembled into a vector backbone using only the sequential (3) or simultaneous (4) activities of a single type IIS restriction enzyme and T4 DNA ligase. This method can be accomplished using Type IIS restriction enzymes, such as BsaI, and can also be used for the cloning of single inserts. The assembled fragments, or inserts, can either be precloned or in the amplicon form, where the Type IIs recognition site is introduced through primer design and PCR. The overhang sequence is not dictated by the restriction enzyme, and allows the design of appropriate four-base overhang sequences that lead to scarless assembly. The method is efficient and can be completed in one tube in as little as 5 minutes for single inserts, or can utilize cycling steps for multiple inserts. Golden Gate Assembly has been widely used in the construction of custom-specific TALENs for in vivo gene editing, among other applications. • S eamless cloning – no scar remains following assembly • C an be used to assemble areas of repeats • C ompatible with a broad range of fragment sizes (< 100 bp to > 15 kb) • E fficient with regions with high GC content Golden Gate Workflow. BsaI 3´ BsaI NNNNNGAGACC NNNNNCTCTGG 5´ 5´ GGTCTCNNNNN 3´ CCAGAGNNNNN P2 P3 A P1 B P5 P4 P6 References: 1. Engler, C, et al. (2008) PLoS ONE, 3: e3647. 2. Engler, C, et al. (2009) PLoS ONE, 4: e5553. 3. Lee, J.H. et al, (1996) Genetic Analysis, 13, 139–145. 4. Padgett, K.A. and Sorge, J.A. (1996) Gene, 168, 31–35. PCR amplification of vector and fragments A Single-tube reaction • BsaI • DNA ligase PCRlinearized vector + In its simplest form, Golden Gate Assembly requires a BsaI recognition site (GGTCTC) added to both ends of a dsDNA fragment distal to the cleavage site, such that the BsaI site is eliminated in the final product. B PCR-amplified fragments New England Biolabs supplies reagents for use in Golden Gate Assembly, including restriction enzymes and ligases. Our new NEB Golden Gate Assembly Mix utilizes two simultaneous enzymatic activities in a single reaction, specifically digestion with BsaI and ligation with T4 DNA Ligase. PRODUCT NEB # SIZE NEW NEB Golden Gate Assembly Mix E1600S 15 reactions BsaI R0535S/L 1,000/5,000 units BsaI-HF R3535S/L 1,000/5,000 units BbsI R0539S/L 300/1,500 units BsmBI R0580S/L 200/1,000 units T4 DNA Ligase M0202S/T/L/M 2,000/100,000 units References from feature article (pages 3–5): 1.Jackson, D.A., et al. (1972) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 69: 2904–2909. 2.Morrow, J.F., et al. (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 71:1743–1747. 3.Elowitz, M., and Lim, W.A. (2010) Nature 468, 889–890. 4.Cameron, D.E., Bashor, C.J. and Collins, J.J. (2014) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 12, 381–390. 5.Zheng, Y., et al. (2010) BioMed Research International 2010. 6.Bud, R. (1994) Cambridge University Press. 7.https://amyris.com 8.http://ginkgobioworks.com 9.http://www.jouleunlimited.com/ 10.www.evolva.com 11.http://www.pronutria.com/ 12.Gardner, T.S., et al. (2000) Nature, 403, 339–342. 8 13.Jones, D.T., et al. (1986) Microbiol. Rev., 50, 484–524. 14.The First International Meeting on Synthetic Biology. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. June 10-12, 2004. URL: http://syntheticbiology.org/Synthetic_ Biology_1.0.html 15.http://igem.org. 16.Tamsir, A., et al. (2011) Nature, 469, 212–215. 17.Tabor, J.J., et al. (2009). Cell, 137, 1272–1281. 18.Liu, C., et al. (2011) Science, 334, 238–241. 19.Win, M.N., et al. (2008) Science, 322, 456–460. 20.Carothers, J.M., et al. (2011) Science, 334, 1716–1719. 21.Na, D., et al. (2013) Nat. Biotechnol., 31, 170–174 (2013). 22.Cagatay, T., et al. (2009). Cell, 139, 512–522. 23.Atsumi, S., et al. (2008) Nature, 451, 86–89. 24.Huo, Y.X., et al. (2011) Nat. Biotechnol., 29, 346–351. 25.Steen, E.J., et al. (2010) Nature, 463, 559–562. 26.Choi, Y.J., et al. (2013) Nature, 502, 571–574. 27.Gibson, D.G., et al. (2008) Science, 319, 1215–1220. 28.Gibson, D.G., et al. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 105, 20404–20409. 29.Christian, M., et al. (2010) Genetics, 186, 757–761. 30.Cong, L., et al. (2013) Science, 339, 819–823. 31.Gilbert L.A., et al. (2013) Cell, 154, 442–451. 32.Gibson, D.G., et al. (2010) Science, 329, 52–56. 33.Kemmer, C., et al. (2010). Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 355–360. 34.Sarpeshkar, R. (2014) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372.2012. 35.Giese, B., and von Gleich, A. (2015) Synthetic Biology. 173–195. 36.http://bioethics.gov/synthetic-biology-report 37.Green A.A., et al. (2014) Cell, 159, 925–939. 38.Pardee. K., et al. (2014) Cell, 159, 940–954. 39.Monod, J., et al. (1961) Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol., 26, 389–401. 40.Ptashne, M. (1986) Cold Spring Harbor Press. 41.Hershey, A., ed. (1971) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 42.Mandel, M., et al. (1970) J. Mol. Biol., 53, 159–162. 43.Cohen, S.N., et al. (1972) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 69, 2110–2114. 44.Mullis, K., et al. (1986) Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol., 51, 263–273. 45.Grundstrom, T., et al. (1985) Nucl. Acids Res. 13, 3305–3316. 46.Dillon, P.J. & Rosen, C.A. (1990) BioTechniques 9, 298–300. 47.Goffeau, A., et al. (1996) Science, 274, 563–567. 48.Blattner, F.R., et al. (1997) Science, 277, 1453–1462. 49.Carlson, R.H. (2011) Harvard University Press. 50. Carlson, R. (2009) Nat. Biotechnol., 27, 1091–1094. 51.Engler, C., et al. (2008) PLOS One, 3, e3647. 52.Gibson, D.G., et al. (2009) Nat. Methods, 6, 343–345. 53.www.NEBuilderHiFi.neb.com www.neb.com NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly advantages of nebuilder hifi NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly enables virtually error-free joining of DNA fragments, even those with 5´- and 3´-end mismatches. Available with and without competent E. coli, this flexible kit enables simple and fast Seamless Cloning utilizing a new proprietary high-fidelity polymerase. Find out why NEBuilder HiFi is the next generation of DNA assembly and cloning, supporting the advancement of both molecular and synthetic biology. + Linear vector • A dapts easily for multiple DNA manipulations, including site-directed mutagenesis B A DNA inserts with 15-20 bp overlapping ends (PCR-amplified) benefits of nebuilder hifi over gibson assembly master mix NEBuilder Assembly A Single-tube reaction • NEB Builder Assembly Master Mix: – Exonuclease chews back 5´ ends to create singlestranded 3´ overhangs – propriatery DNA polymerase fills in gaps within each annealed fragment • E njoy less screening/re-sequencing of constructs, with virtually error-free, high-fidelity assembly B Assembled DNA • J oin DNA fragments together more efficiently, even with larger fragments or low DNA inputs Incubate at 50°C for 15-60 minutes – DNA ligase seals nicks in the assembled DNA • U se NEBuilder HiFi in successive rounds of assembly, as it removes 5´- and 3´-end mismatches Transformation DNA Analysis NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly Master MixORoffers improved fidelity over Gibson Assembly. OR RE Digest 100 10/10 10/10 NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly Master Mix Sequencing Colony PCR 3/3 5/5 3/3 Gibson Assembly Master Mix 5/5 10/10 Percent Correct Assemblies 80 2/3 40 • B ridge two dsDNA fragments with a synthetic ssDNA oligo for simple and fast construction (e.g., linker insertion or gDNA libraries) • S witch from other systems easily, as NEBuilder HiFi is compatible with Gibson Assembly-designed (and other) fragments • N o licensing fee requirements from NEB for NEBuilder products 12/12 11/12 60 • U se one system for both “standard-size” cloning and large gene assembly products (up to 6 fragments) • D NA can be used immediately for transformation, or as a template for PCR or RCA NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly Workflow. DNA Preparation • S ave time with simple and fast seamless cloning 7/10 2/3 5/8 2/5 1/4 20 1/10 0 Fragment size Vector size Total size (kb) Total fragments assembled A B C D E F G H 3 kb 210 bp 210 bp 210 bp 210 bp 3 kb 450 bp + 250 bp 5 x 1 kb frags. 5.4 kb 7.7 kb 7.7 kb 7.7 kb 7.7 kb 2.1 kb 7 kb 3.3 kb 8.4 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 5.5 7.7 8.3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 6 Fidelity of assembled products was compared between NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly Master Mix (NEB #E2621) and Gibson Assembly Master Mix (NEB #E2611). Experiments were performed using various fragment and vector sizes following suggested protocols. Experiments B through E varied because sequences of fragments were different. Experiments F and H were performed with fragments containing 3´ end mismatches. PRODUCT NEB # SIZE NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly Master Mix E2621S/L/X 10/50/250 rxns NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly Cloning Kit (includes competent cells) E5520S 10 rxns Visit NEBuilderHiFi.com to learn more! Request your FREE Sample* from your local distributor! *as long as supplies last! 9 Purple is the new Black... Quick-Load Purple DNA Ladders 1 2 Lane 1. Invitrogen™ TrackIt™ 1 Kb Plus DNA Ladder; Lane 2. NEB Quick-Load Purple 2-log DNA Ladder; 1 µg per gel lane PRODUCT Quick-load Purple 2-Log DNA Ladder Quick-load Purple 100 kb DNA Ladder Quick-load Purple 1kb DNA Ladder kb 10.0 8.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 ng 40 40 48 40 32 120 2.0 40 1.5 57 1.2 45 1.0 0.9 0.8 122 34 31 0.7 27 0.6 23 0.5 124 0.4 49 0.3 37 0.2 32 0.1 61 • Quickly determine the size of your DNA, using evenly-spaced bands and easily-identifiable reference bands kb ng 10.0 42 8.0 42 6.0 5.0 50 42 4.0 33 3.0 125 2.0 48 • Improve your ability to discriminate between bands, with our new & improved purple dye bp 1,517 ng 45 1,200 35 1,000 900 95 27 800 24 700 1.5 600 36 500/517 18 97 Please request your free NEB DNA Ladder magnet from your local distributor! DNA Ladders - the Bestsellers Low Range and Fast DNA Ladders kb ng 10.0 40 8.0 40 6.0 48 5.0 40 4.0 32 3.0 120 kb ng 10.0 42 8.0 42 6.0 50 5.0 42 4.0 33 3.0 125 2.0 48 1.5 36 1.0 42 0.5 42 kb 40 20 15 bp ng 1,350 103 10 916 70 8 766 700 650 600 550 500 450 58 54 50 46 42 76 34 500 27 400 31 250 27 350 27 300 46 200 110 0.766 43 250 57 200 107 150 46 100 69 bp 1,517 ng 45 2.0 40 1,200 35 1.5 57 4 1,000 95 900 27 1.2 45 3 800 24 700 21 1.0 0.9 0.8 122 34 31 2 600 18 0.7 27 500/517 97 0.6 23 0.5 124 400 38 0.4 49 0.3 37 0.2 32 0.1 61 300 29 200 25 100 48 6 5 bp ng 766 42 350 20 150 33 100 43 1.5 1 75 58 50 63 25 50 0.5 1.0 0.5 400 38 300 29 200 25 100 48 Quick-Load Purple 1 kb DNA Ladder: Quick-Load Purple 100 bp DNA Ladder: NEB #N0550 NEB #N0552 NEB #NN0551 Optional, the unique OneTaq Quick-Load One-Step Reaction Mix included allows for direct gel loading. The kit is capable of multiplex detection of two or three targets. 10 NEB # SIZE OneTaq One-Step RT-PCR Kit E5315 S 30 rxns 61 Quick-Load 1 kb Extend DNA Ladder 1.3% TAE agarose gel. Mass values are for 0.5 µg/lane. 1.0% TBE agarose gel. Mass values are for 1 µg/lane. 0.6% TBE agarose gel. Mass values are for 0.5 µg/lane. 1.8% TBE agarose gel. Mass values are for 1 µg/lane. 1.8% TBE agarose gel. Mass values are for 0.5 µg/lane. 1.2% TBE agarose gel. Mass values are for 0.5 µg/lane. NEB #N3231 NEB #N3200 NEB #N3236 NEB #N3233 NEB #N3238 Quick-Load 1 kb DNA Ladder: NEB #N0468 Quick-Load 100 bp DNA Ladder: NEB #N0467 Quick-Load 2-Log DNA Ladder: NEB #N0469 • Quick-Load Ladders: contain bromophenol blue TriDye 1 kb DNA Ladder: NEB #N3272 TriDye 100 bp DNA Ladder: NEB #N3271 TriDye 2-Log DNA Ladder: NEB #N3270 • TriDye Ladders: contain xylene cyanol FF, bromophenol blue and orange G Quick-Load Purple 1 kb DNA Ladder: NEB #N0552 Quick-Load Purple 100 bp DNA Ladder: NEB #NN0551 Quick-Load Purple 2-Log DNA Ladder: NEB #N0550 NEB #N3239S Order your favorite as: • Quick-Load Purple Ladders: contain dyes that cast no UV shadow for added convenience and “ready-to-load”! Quick-Load 50 bp DNA Ladder: NEB #N0473 Fast DNA Ladder Quick-Load Low Molecular Weight DNA Ladder: NEB #N0474 Toll Free: (Germany) 0800/246-5227 Toll Free: (Austria) 00800/246-52277 www.neb-online.de [email protected] Discount! Ask your local distributor for details! Offer closes June 30th, 2015! • • RT step at 42°C - 55°C PRODUCT 41 0.05 NEB #N3232 • Detect at little as 0.1 pg of a GAPDH target For more information, visit www.international.neb.com/E5315 33 0.15 1 kb DNA Ladder • Save time by combining cDNA synthesis and PCR in a single reaction About 100 ng of Jurkat total RNA was used in 50 μl reactions following the standard protocol. The marker lane (M) contains Quick-Load 2-log DNA Ladder (NEB #N0469). 40 0.3 0.8% TAE agarose gel. Mass values are for 0.5 µg/lane. • Sensitive and robust end-point detection of RNA templates Detection of RNA templates of different length. 108 0.5 43 Low Molecular Weight DNA Ladder advantages The kit combines an optimized enzyme mix with robust reagents for optimal results. 28 1.0 84 OneTaq One-Step RT-PCR Kit – Faster protocols with less hands-on time! M 0.7 1.11.92.32.55.57.69.3 kb 38 1.5 50 bp DNA Ladder Find all Markers and Ladders at http://international.neb.com/products/markers-and-ladders The OneTaq One-Step RT-PCR Kit offers sensitive and robust end-point detection of RNA templates. cDNA synthesis and PCR amplification steps are performed in a single reaction using gene-specific primers, resulting in a streamlined RT-PCR protocol! 36 2.0 2-Log DNA Ladder now at Special SIZE 125-250 gel lanes 125 gel lanes 125 gel lanes ng 36 36 3.0 100 bp DNA Ladder 42 42 kb 10.0 5.0 300 33 NEB_GmbH_Magnetic_DNA_Ladder_card_15.indd 1 Quick-Load Purple 2-Log DNA Ladder: NEB # N0550S N0551S N0552S 21 • Easily view smaller-sized bands, as our purple dye casts no UV shadow DNA MARKERS & LADDERS Nobody likes a UV shadow on their gels! With NEB’s Quick-Load Purple DNA Ladders, you will see sharper bands and no UV shadow at the dye front thanks to our new purple gel loading dye. advantages • Robust amplification of amplicons from 100 bp to 9 kb • Faster protocols with less hands-on time • Quick-Load Reaction Mix allows instant gel loading 11.02.15 17:09 www.neb.com Rapid PNGase F – Complete deglycosylation in minutes Effective manufacturing of therapeutic proteins requires characterizing their N-glycosylation in the shortest time possible. Rapid PNGase F is an improved reagent that allows the complete and rapid deglycosylation of antibodies and immunoglobulin fusion proteins, as well as other glycoproteins. All N-glycans are released in five minutes without bias, and are ready to be prepared for downstream chromatography or mass spectrometry analysis. Rapid PNGase F creates an optimized workflow, reducing processing time without compromising sensitivity or reproducibility. advantages • Convenient one-step reaction compatible with high throughput applications • Complete deglycosylation of antibodies and immunoglobulin fusion proteins in minutes • R elease of all N-glycans without bias, compatible with downstream chromatography or mass spectrometry analysis • R ecombinant source • O ptimal activity is ensured for 12 months ESI-TOF analysis of an antibody before (left) and after (right) treatment with Rapid PNGase F • Purified to >99% homogeneity Get free Application Note: “Unbiased and fast IgG deglycosylation for accurate N-glycan analysis using Rapid PNGase F” PRODUCT NEB # SIZE Rapid PNGase F P0710S 50 reactions Visit www.international.neb.com/P0710 to download the full application note. Near-infrared Imaging in Living Cells New England Biolabs now offers a unique cell-permeable near-infrared fluorescent probe that enables live-cell imaging of intracellular proteins using the SNAP-tag® technology. SNAP-Cell® 647-SiR (SiR-SNAP) is excited at around 650 nm and emits around 670 nm, has a high quantum efficiency in aqueous media, and is stable against photobleaching. The excellent spectroscopic properties of SNAP-Cell 647-SiR, combined with its high permeability, make it ideally suited for super-resolution microscopy of cellular proteins in living cells and in vivo. Recent Publications using SNAP-tag Jaensch, N. et al. (2014) Stable cell surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins, but not intracellular transport, depends on their fatty acid structure. Traffic, 15, 1305-1329. Sun, X. et al. (2014) Probing homodimer formation of epidermal growth factor receptor by selective cross linking. Euro. J. Med. Chem. 88, 34-41. Yang, G. et al. (2014) Genetic targeting of chemical indicators in vivo. Nature Methods, doi: 10.138/ NMETH.3207. Lukinavicius, G. et al. (2013) A near-infrared fluorophore for live-cell superresolution microscopy of cellular proteins. Nature Chemistry, 5, 132-139. PRODUCT NEB # SIZE SNAP-Cell 647-SiR S9102S 30 nmol Composite image in confocal (lower left) and super resolution (upper right) showing live U2-OS cells expressing a centrosomal fusion protein, Cep41-SNAP, labeled with SNAP-Cell 647-SiR. Scale bar is 1 μm. Learn more about the SNAP-tag technology at www.neb.com/SNAPtag 11 DNA CLONING DNA AMPLIFICATION & PCR EPIGENETICS RNA ANALYSIS LIBRARY PREP FOR NEXT GEN SEQUENCING PROTEIN EXPRESSION & ANALYSIS CELLULAR ANALYSIS New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938-2723 Your local NEB distributor: Rapid PCR Cleanup Enzyme Set – Test it now and get your FREE Sample*! The NEB Rapid PCR Cleanup Enzyme Set consists of two recombinant enzymes, Exonuclease I (Exo I) and Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase (rSAP). It allows for rapid and complete enzymatic degradation of residual PCR primers and dephosphorylation of dNTPs subsequent to PCR. The Rapid PCR Cleanup Enzyme Set enables direct downstream sequencing without the need for additional purification steps. The components are added directly to the PCR reaction after thermal cycling and are 100% compatible with commonly used PCR reaction buffers. For more product details, please visit www.neb-online.eu/e2622 advantages Primer PCR product dNTPs • Fast 15 minute protocol • Add directly to PCR product • 100% Sample Recovery + Rapid PCR Cleanup Enzyme Set (1 µl of each enzyme per 5 µl of PCR product) Incubate at 37°C for 5 minutes • Scalable for different reaction sizes • No interference on downstream applications • Easy to automate Inactivate at 80°C for 10 minutes Cleaned up PCR product PCR products contain residual primer and dNTPs that handicap downstream sequencing. Rapid PCR Cleanup Enzyme Set degrades excess primers and dNTPs. Add 1 µl of each enzyme (Exonuclease I and rSAP) to 5 µl of PCR product (scalable) and incubate for only 5 minutes at 37°C. The reaction is stopped by enzyme inactivation at 80°C for 10 minutes. The temperature regime can be performed in a thermocycler for maximum convenience. Get your FREE Sample* Ask your local distributor for details! Offer closes June 30th, 2015! * limited offer as long as supplies last. PRODUCT NEB # SIZE Rapid PCR Cleanup Enzyme Set, sample size E2622V 20 rxns (free)* Rapid PCR Cleanup Enzyme Set E2622S/L 100/500 rxns Rapid PCR Cleanup Enzyme Set E2622X/E 2000 / 5000 rxns BeNeLux: BIOKÉ Schuttersveld 2 2316 ZA Leiden Tel: (+31) 71 720 0220 (BE: 0800 - 71640) Fax: (+31) 71 891 0019 [email protected] www.bioke.com NORWAY: BioNordikaBergman AS Gladengveien 3 B 0661 Oslo Tel +47 23 03 58 00 Fax +47 23 03 58 01 [email protected] www.bionordikabergman.no CZECH REPUBLIC: BIOTECH A.S. Sluzeb 4 108 52 Praha 10 Tel: (Toll Free) 0800 124683 Fax: 02 72701742 [email protected] www.biotech.cz POLAND: Lab-JOT Ltd. Sp.z o.o. Sp.k. Al. 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Zagrebška cesta 22 SI-2000 Maribor Tel: +386 2 614 33 00 Fax: +386 2 614 33 20 [email protected] www.mikro-polo.Si/ SWITZERLAND: BIOCONCEPT Paradiesrain 14 Postfach 427 CH 4123 Allschwil 1 Tel: (061) 486 80 80 Fax: (061) 486 80 00 [email protected] www.bioconcept.ch TURKEY: SACEM HAYAT TEKNOLOJILERI Gebze Plastikçiler Organize Sanayi Bölgesi (GEPOSB) Cumhuriyet Cad. No:3 41400 Gebze/KOCAELI Tel: 0262 751 02 74 Fax: 0262 751 02 75 [email protected] www.sacem.com.tr
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