Chapter –II
HISTORY AND LEGISLATION OF
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE MARKET
COMMITTEE
2.1
INTRODUCTION
2.2
HISTORY
OF
AGRICULTURAL
MARKETING
ABROAD
2.3
HISTORY OF REGULATED MARKETS IN INDIA
2.4
HISTORY OF REGULATED MARKETS IN THE
MAHARASHTRA STATE
2.5
HISTORY OF TEN APMCS
2.6
THE MAHARASHTRA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
MARKETING (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION)
ACT-1963
2.7
LEGISLATION
OF
AGRICULTURAL
MARKET COMMITTEE
30
PRODUCE
Chapter –II
History and Legislation of Agricultural
Produce Market Committee
2.1 INTRODUCTION:-
Agriculture is the most important sector of Indian economy. About
65 percent of the population depends upon the agriculture and 70 percent
live in the villages.
Establishment of Regulated Market:
In the earlier markets, there were some defects and malpractices
use to be practiced to the disadvantage of producer-seller. This could be
removed by the exercise of proper control over markets. This was done
by the establishment of regulated markets in the country. Earlier markets
used to be regulated either by local bodies or State legislation.
The market committees are responsible for the implementation of
fair grading practices, licensing of market functionaries, deduction of
unauthorized market charges, introduction of open auction sale and
implementation of standard weights and to secure impartial settlement in
cases of disputes between the seller and buyer. They also maintain market
yards; provide facilities for parking carts and vehicles, rest houses,
farmer’s canteens, godowns and sheds for auctioning sale. The producer
is given a sale slip showing details of the sale proceeds and the
deductions and payment is made on the same day.
31
The marketing legislation occupies a famous place in the measures
enacted by several countries to raise the level of their agricultural
efficiency. These measures have gone a long way in achieving the end.
The number of regulated markets has gradually increased in the
country. In India, such legislations have been relatively inadequate.
Agricultural efficiency has remained at low go out and to achieve a well
organized system of purchasing and selling of agricultural commodities,
most of the State Governments and Union Territories enacted legislations
(Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act (APMR Act) to
provide regulation for agricultural produce markets. Agricultural Produce
Market Committees constituted as per APMR Acts manage the markets.
The establishment of regulated markets has helped in creating orderly and
transparent marketing conditions in primary assembling markets. Further,
the increase in the number of regulated market yards in India, from a
meager 286 at the time of independence to 7557 in the year 2005, has
helped in increasing the access of farmers to such orderly market places.
These regulated markets (7557) consist of 2428 principal markets
and 5129 sub yards. During 1992-93, agricultural commodities worth Rs
62,000 crore were traded in these regulated wholesale markets, which
account for about 43 percentage of the value of marketed surplus.
However, this does not mean that everything is fine in all the regulated
markets of the country. The facilities created in market yards continue to
be inadequate.
In the tenth five year plan, regulated markets have been increased
in India and Government of India has provided assistance for the creation
of infrastructure facilities in the regulated markets. The overall position
of types and number of agricultural markets are established for wholesale
assembling Markets and Regulated Markets as on 31-3-2007.
32
Table No. 2.1 Shows that wholesale Market and Regulated market in
India and Maharashtra
Type of Markets
In India
In Maharashtra
Agricultural Markets:Wholesale Markets:
06261
0880
Primary Markets:
20870
3500
27131
4380
Principal Market:
2459
295
Sub Yards :
5006
576
7465
871
Total:
Regulated Markets:-
Total :
Maharashtra is the first state with Agricultural Markets in India
with Wholesale as 880 and Rural Primary as 3500 with a total of 4380 as
on 31.03.2007. Regulated markets and its served population and Area as
followsTable No. 2.2 Shows that Regulated Markets, its served Population
and Area
Particulars
In India
Regulated Markets
Population served by each
Area served by each Market (km2)
In Maharashtra
7465
871
135903
114810
43500
353.3
Source: Economy survey of India (Only 286 Regulated market in 1950)
33
2.2 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ABROAD:
2.2.1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
1) 1789: The U.S. Constitution came into effect and the centralized
government’s detailed powers did not include the creation of farm
and food subsidy programs.
2) 1820: The House of Representatives created an agriculture committee
and the Senate followed enforcement in 1825.
3) 1840: The first Census of Agriculture was finished.
4) 1862: The U.S. Department of Agriculture was established. Its
President Abraham Lincoln called it the "people's department."
5) 1862: The Morrill Act provided grants of federal land to the states
and to use the proceeds of land sales to generate colleges focused on
agricultural studies.
6) 1867: A new Washington office building for the USDA was finished.
7) 1881: Congress established a Division of Forestry in the USDA.
8) 1887: The Hatch Act provided subsidies to the states for agriculture
research.
9) 1890: A second Morrill Act began regular appropriations for the landgrant colleges.
10) 1891: The Forest Reserve Act allowed presidents to set aside forest
reserves out of public lands. These reserves were managed by the
Department of the Interior.
11) 1900: There were 11 million Americans employed on farms and
2,900 employed by the USDA. A century later there were 3 million
employed on farms and 105,000 employed by the USDA.
34
12) 1905: The Federal Forest Transfer Act moved control of the forest
reserves from the Department of the Interior to the USDA’s new
Forest Service.
13) 1905: Major scandal hits the USDA when employees seek personal
gain leaks advance cotton market information to a speculator.
14) 1911: The Weeks Act authorized federal subsidies to the states for
forest fire prevention and it allowed the Forest Service to purchase
private lands for national forests.
15) 1914: The USDA opened state and regional offices across the
country.
16) 1914: The Smith-Lever Act began subsidies to the land-grant colleges
for agricultural research.
17) 1916: The Federal Farm Loan Act created co-operative “land banks”
to provide loans to the farmers. Legislation during the 1930 expanded
this Farm Credit System, and today the FCS is a 50-state network of
financial co-operatives with assets of $90 billion.
18) 1929: The Agricultural Marketing Act created the Federal Farm
Board to subsidize agricultural co-operatives. The co-operatives
supplied commodities to raise prices and disrupt markets in various
other ways. After spending $500 million, President Hoover’s Farm
Board boondoggle was abolished in 1933.
19) 1929: The Federal Reserve System precipitated the Great Depression
by allowing the U.S. money supply to shrink by one-third between
1929 and 1933. Agricultural commodity prices failed even more than
general prices, which put farmers in a squeeze.
20) 1930: A rising protectionist sentiment is stimulated by President
Hoover’s call to increase agricultural tariffs to help farmers. Congress
35
responds with the Smoot-Hawley Act, which greatly increased tariffs
on both farm and industrial products. Other countries retaliated and
U.S. agricultural exports plunge 60 percent by 1933.
21) 1933: The Agricultural Adjustment Act, and subsequent New Deal
laws, creates the forerunners of today’s major farm subsidy programs.
The main thrust of the AAA is to limit production in order to raise
commodity prices. To the same end, the government plows under 10
million acres of crops, slaughters 6 million pigs, and allows fruit to
rot in the orchards, even while millions of Americans are going
hungry. Some elements of the AAA are struck down as
unconstitutional in 1936, but most of the law’s central planning
techniques survive in various forms in today’s farm programs.
22) 1934: The Jones-Connally Act extends the AAA to cover additional
farm products.
23) 1934: The Tobacco Control Act imposes quotas on tobacco
production.
24) 1935: The Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation begins largescale food welfare activities with the distribution of surplus farm
products to schools.
25) 1935: USDA employed more than triples between 1929 and 1935,
reaching 85,000. USDA employed reaches 100,000 by 1958 and
peaks at 138,000 in 1978. Today, the USDA employs 105,000
workers.
26) 1936: The Rural Electrification Act initiates extensive rural subsidies
that continue in various forms today.
27) 1937: The Agriculture Marketing Agreement Act establishes federal
“marketing orders” for dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and other
36
products. Marketing orders are producer cartels designed to limit
competition and raise prices. They are currently in effect for 30
commodities.
28) 1938: A new Agriculture Adjustment Act establishes most of the
policies of the 1933 Act on a permanent basis, including production
controls and price supports for wheat, corn, cotton, rice, tobacco, and
peanuts. The 1938 Act also creates the Federal Crop Insurance
Corporation to provide subsidized insurance for adverse weather,
insects, and other farming hazards.
29) 1946: The National School Lunch Act creates a permanent subsidy
program to provide food to schools, building on the surplus
commodities program of 1935.
30) 1946: The Farmers Home Administration is established to make loans
for farms, rural housing, and other activities.
31) 1949: A new Agriculture Adjustment Act extends crop price support
and subsidy policies, adds subsidies for the dairy industry, and puts
farm programs into permanent law. Since 1949, farm legislation has
included expiration dates, which prompts Congress to pass renewed
congressional authorizations every five or so years.
32) 1954: The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act
created various export subsidy programs designed to unload into
foreign markets excess production caused by U.S. price supports.
Unfortunately, many other countries with government-caused
overproduction followed suit and they also dispose of their surpluses
on foreign markets.
33) 1964: The Food Stamp Act creates what has become one of the
largest welfare programs, a program that is known for major fraud
37
and abuse. The program currently costs federal taxpayers more than
$35 billion a year.
34) 1973: With soaring prices for agricultural commodities, the mid1970s would have been a good time to end farm programs, as some
people proposed. Instead, the farm bills of 1973 and 1977 take a
business-as-usual subsidy approach.
35) 1985: Despite the Reagan administration’s proposals to cut farm
subsidies, the poor shape of farm finances during the 1980s prompts
Congress to pass the expensive Food Security Act of 1985. This law
added
new
farm
subsidy
programs,
including
the
Export
Enhancement Program and the Conservation Reserve Program, which
pays farmers not to farm.
36) 1996: Congress changes course in farm policy with the passage of the
Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act—the “Freedom to
Farm” law. The law is designed to allow farmers greater planting
flexibility and better align producer decisions with market supply and
demand. But Congress reneges on reform, and passes large
supplemental farm subsidy bills four years in a row beginning in
1998. When the 1996 law was passed, subsidies were expected to
cost $47 billion over 1996 to 2002, but they ended up costing $121
billion.
37) 2002: The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act revert to old-style
subsidy increases and price supports as farm-state politicians reject
the modest reform proposals of the Bush administration. An
expensive “countercyclical” price support program is added, and
existing programs are expanded to cover additional crops. The 2002
law increases projected subsidy payments by 74 percent over 10
years.
38
38) 2008: The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act expand farm
subsidies, and it is enacted over a presidential veto.
In the U.S.A. government controlled the markets in 1899
Minnesota passed legislation to regulate market functionaries. In 1929,
the number of states were became legislation with similar as 21. The wide
recognition of the utility of these measures led to the passing of the
perishable Agricultural Commodity Act by the Federal Government in
1930. This requires all market functionaries commission agent, merchants
and brokers dealing with perishable product in interstate commerce to
obtain a license from the secretary of Agriculture and to get it renewed
annually. Further, to ensure fair trading, the Federal Trade Commission
passes ‘Cease and Desist’ orders in hundreds every year.
2.2.2. Great Britain:
Great Britain markets have a history of unbroken innovation and
development. But in recent years the rapidity of change has been
particularly taken place. In the markets, increasing competition between
infrastructure providers has resulted in greater breakup of trading and
clearing. There has also been an arrival of new technology, with trading
becoming even faster and more dependent on computers. This has been
combined with new market participants entering the market and the
growth of new trading strategies, such as purely algorithmic trading. This
has been the increasing internationalization of markets and, most
recently, the need to respond to lessons learned from the financial crisis.
39
In ancient time, a court of tart prouder was held in every market or
fair in England and Wales to work for the maintenance of law and order
and to see that contracts were honored. Between 1796 and 1926, around
thirty two acts were passed in Great Britain in regard to markets and fairs.
The more important of these were the Markets and fairs Act of 1874,
consolidating many of the previous Act and Regulations and the Weights
and Measures Act 1878. Model by law for the regulation of publicity –
owned markets are kept upto date and issued regularly by the Ministry of
Health. The commodity Sales Act of 1921, the Horticultural Produce Act
and the markets and Fairs Act of 1926 may be regulated as the main Acts
of the present century. The first of these regulated to the standardization
of weights, second required salesman of fruits and vegetables consigned
for sale on commission to detail the charges made for services other than
selling of fruits and vegetables consigned to them. The Markets and Fairs
Act provided for the weighing of cattle before auction sales.
2.3.
History of Regulated Markets In India
In India, the East India Company was interested in commerce rather
than agriculture. After the war of rebellion (1857), when the Crown
replaced the company, the main objective of the British Policy was
administrative consideration rather than economic regeneration.
The Famine Commission of 1880 opined that it was unfortunate
that agriculture formed the sole occupation of the mass of population and
pointed out, “No remedy for the present evils can be complete which does
not include the introduction of diversity of occupations.”
40
2.3.1 Agricultural Produce marketing Acts in India
Table No. 2.3 the Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation)
Acts and Number of Regulated markets in India as on 31.3.1994.
Sr Name of
The Act in force
Regulated
No State/ Union
Markets
Territories
as on
31.3.94
1
2
Andhra
The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural Produce 821
Pradesh
and Livestock Market Act,1960
Assam
The Assam Agricultural Produce Market 34
Act,1972
3
Bihar
The Bihar Agricultural Produce Market 828
Act,1960
4
Gujarat
The Gujarat Agricultural Produce Market 377
Act,1963
5
Haryana
The Punjab Agricultural Produce Market 273
Act,1961
6
7
Himachal
The Himachal Pradesh Agricultural Produce 29
Pradesh
Market Act,1969
Karnataka
The Karnataka Agricultural Produce Market 429
Act,196
8
9
Madhya
The Madhya Pradesh
Pradesh
Adhiniyam,1972
Maharashtra
The
Maharashtra
Krishi Upaj Mandi 583
Agricultural
Produce 822
Marketing (Regulation) Act,1963
10
Manipur
The Manipur Agricultural Produce Market Act,1980
11
Meghalaya
The Meghalaya Agricultural Produce Market Act,1980
12
Odisha
The Orissa Agricultural Produce Market 133
Act,1980
41
Sr Name
Regulated
of The Act in force
Markets as
No State/ Union
on 31.3.94
Territories
13
Punjab
The Punjab Agricultural Produce Market 667
Act,1961
14
Rajasthan
The Rajasthan Agricultural Produce Market 383
Act,1959
15
Tamil Nadu
The Tamil Nadu Agricultural Produce Market 270
Act,1959
16
Uttar Pradesh
The Uttar Pradesh krishi Utpadak Mandi 645
Adhiniyam, 1964
17
Tripura
The Tripura Agricultural Produce Market 21
Act,1979
18
West Bengal
The Bengal Agricultural Produce Marketing 456
(Regulation) Act,1972
19
Chandigarh
The Punjab Agricultural Produce Market 3
Act,1961
20
Delhi
The Delhi Agricultural Produce Marketing 15
(Regulation) Act,1976
21
Goa, Daman
The
Maharashtra
Agricultural
Produce 5
Marketing (Regulation) Act,1963
22
Pondicherry
The Pondicherry
Agricultural Produce 4
Market Act,1973
23
Kerala
The Kerala Agricultural Produce Marketing 5
Act,1967
24
Nagaland
The
Nagaland
Agricultural
Produce -
Marketing (Regulation) Act,1985
(Source: Directorate of Marketing & Inspection. Indian agriculture
in brief 26th edition and Agricultural Marketing April –June 1990)
The Researcher’s object the review of the amendments in the
Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, in India
42
2.3.2 History of Market Regulation may be stated as below-
Table No. 2.4 Year wise order of History of Market Regulation
Sr. No.
Year
Advisory / Regulation for Market in India
1
1880
The Famine Commission committee
2
1885
Karanja Cotton –Hyderabad Residency Order
3
1897
Berar cotton and Grain Market Law
4
1903
Irrigation Commission Committee
5
1917
Appointment of Cotton Committee
6
1918
Recommendation of Cotton Committee
7
1927
Bombay Cotton Market Act: Passed Regulation of
Dhule Market under this Act
8
1928
Report of Royal Commission on Agricultural
9
1930
Hyderabad Agricultural Produce Market Act
Passed
10
1931
Central
banking
Inquiry
Committee
recommended the implementation of Royal
Commission Report
11
1933
Madra Commercial market Act came in force
12
1933
Central provinces cotton market Regulation Act
passed
13
1934
Badoda Agricultural Produce Market Regulation
Act passed
14
1935
Central Province Agricultural Produce Market
Act came in force
15
1938
Central Agricultural marketing –order to prepare
ideal draft for states
43
Sr. No.
Year
Advisory / Regulation for Market in India
16
1938
Application of Bombay cotton Market Act, 1927
to all Agricultural produces
17
1939
Panjab Agricultural Produce Market act passed
and come in force from 1971
18
1939
Bombay Agricultural Produce Market Regulation
Act
19
1939
Cotton market Regulation Act of Central Region
and Warhad
20
1939
Agricultural Produce Market Regulation Act of
Central Region and Warhad
21
1947
Patiala
Agricultural
Produce
Marketing
Regulation Act passed and came in force in 1948
22
1952
The M.P. Agricultural Produce Marketing Act
passed on the line of Bombay Act
23
1955
Sourashtra Agricultural Produce Market Act
passed on the lines of Bombay Act
24
1963
The Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing
(Development and Regulation) Act
25
2003
Model Act
2.3.3 REGULATED MARKETS
Role of regulated markets
The regulated markets are considered accountable institutions in
discharging all the functions related with the sale of outputs, keeping in
view the overall interest of the farming community and the ultimate
consumers. These institutions are meant to regulate unethical trading
practices followed in the marketing of agricultural produce. This would
help in protecting the interest of both the producers and consumers, thus
44
it contributes towards the growth of orderly marketing and price stability
through effective competition.
Therefore, governments from time to time brought about the
required legislation and development of market infrastructure from
1960’s to 2011.
However, in the recent years, the economy was
liberalized and allowed private sector to participate in the trade of
agriculture. In this direction, some of the states in India started bringing
amendments to the market legislation and development.
The regulated markets are established as per the provisions of the
‘Marketing of Agricultural Produce Acts’ of the State Government. The
Commodities, with which the market will deal, are also declared.
2.3.4 History of Regulated Markets
Indian economy is based on agriculture. Approximately 70% of
people are dependent on agriculture for their basic income. Indian
agriculture is dependent on rain and Indian economy is dependent on
agriculture. That is main reason, why marketing of agriculture products is
dependent on demand and supply conditions. Earlier the farmers were
worried about the sales of their produce and due to low quality they could
not fetch a good price.
The produce had many defects and the royal commission in 1928
studied this. There were not enough marketing activities carried on by
the farmers. So the royal commission suggested commencing with the
regulated markets and accordingly various market committees were
incorporated. The three basic functions of this committee were-
45
1. To meet the demand of the increase in population and
industrial advancement.
2. To increase the quality of agriculture produce,
3. To fetch an appropriate price for the farmers.
The sale of produce in the market yard is carried on by open
auction method. During any deal or transaction an employee from the
association is present to note all the details of the deal like transaction
cost, quantity,
details
of
buyers
and
details
of
sellers,
etc.
for appropriate weighing of farmers produce, the committee has
established a different weighing department. A regular inspection is
carried on for this department. The committee also undertakes grading. In
case any default in payment by the buyer the market committee helps in
settling the dispute.
2.3.4.1Basic objectives of Regulated Market
i.
To ensure reasonable gain to the farmers by creating environment
in markets for fair play of supply and demand forces.
ii.
To regulate market practices and attain transparency in
transactions.
iii.
Aimed at providing proper method of sale, correct weighing,
prompt payment and various marketing related services.
iv.
Democratic set up to control and manage markets.
For controlling the activities of the marketing, there is a ‘Market
Committee’. The Committee consists of representatives of the farmers,
commission agents and traders, other functionaries and the Government
nominees.
46
2.3.4.2 Functions of Market Committee
• The complete management of the market rests with the ‘Market
Committee’.
• The Committee issues licenses to the commission agents, weighmen,
and other functionaries.
• The rate of Commission to be charged is fixed by the Committee.
• Weighment is done properly by the weigh men appointed by the
Committee.
There is an arbitration Sub-Committee to look into the grievances
of the farmers. Advent of regulated markets has helped in mitigating the
market handicaps of producers/ sellers at the wholesale assembling level.
With the establishment of regulated markets, many fraudulent practices of
the brokers are observed and overcome in the unregulated markets and
the farmers get reasonable price for their produce. Not only this,
amenities like rest house, place for parking of vehicles, cold-storages, etc.
are also created in the market yards for the benefit of the farmers. In this
respect, Government Policy is to have rapid expansion of the regulated
markets in the country.
2.3.5 Agri-Markets in India as on 31.03.2007
Regulated markets have achieved only limited success and Rural
Periodic Markets in general, and the tribal markets in particular,
remained out of its developmental ambit.
47
2.4. History of Regulated Markets in the Maharashtra State
The Royal Commission on Agriculture reported that, it was only
in Berar, regulated markets had been established under the provision of
the Cotton and Grain Markets Act, 1927. The object of the legislation was
to secure to the cultivator better prices, fairer weighment and freedom
from illegal deductions. The Royal Commission on Agriculture found the
Bombay Act to be decidedly an improvement over the Berar legislation in
many directions and emphasized the need for special legislation to secure
the three-fold benefits mentioned in the Bombay Act. They further
recommended that the law should be extended to include other
agricultural products as well, particularly cash or money crops. Such
regulated markets were, in the opinion of the commodities and the
general-public.
The Bombay Cotton Market Act was first applied to Dhulia Market
in the year 1930. The average annual arrivals of seed cotton and lint
amounted to 45000 carts and 1000 carts respectively in this market. The
market contained number of buildings expects the office rooms. The work
of the Market Committee was controlled by the district revenue officers.
The market committee performed its duties through three subcommittees, viz., Executive, Audit and Dispute. In case of dispute, sellers
and buyers were first allowed to make up their differences amicably. On
their failure, the matter was referred to the Market Superintendent who
went to the spot and tried to settle the dispute. If the Superintendent also
failed the case was referred to the Dispute Sub-Committee. A complaint
fee of four archives was charged for referring every case to the Dispute
Sub-Committee. Only one member of the Dispute Sub-Committee formed
a quorum and his decision was final and binding. Normally the settlement
of a dispute did not take more than four hours. Thus settlement of
48
disputes in a prompt and impartial manner was feature of the working of
this market. Buyers, Dalals and weighmen were licensed by the Comiittee
and the annual fees they had to pay were Rs.10, Rs.30 and Rs.5
respectively. After regulation of the market the producer-seller could save
50 percent of the market charges and all the charges payable by the seller
had been clearly defined. The income of the market constituted a market
fund and was derived from market cess as rate of as 2 percent, registration
and licensing fees, sale of manure and grass and rents of shops. The total
annual income of the market was in the neighborhood of Rs.7000 and the
total outgo was Rs. 5000. The main items of expenditure being, payment
of salaries of staff and contingencies etc, other features of the working of
this market were as follows: the ruling prices in Bombay and New York
Markets were received by telegrams and put at the gate for the
information of buyers and sellers. Weights and scales used in the market
were checked by the Government inspector of Weights and Measures and
stamped under the Bombay Weights and measures Act, 1932.
Weighment was done at the ginning factories by licensed
weighmen. The practice of settling prices under the cover of cloth is the
only undesirable feature of the working of this market which persisted for
along time even after the market came to be regulated under the
provisions of the Agricultural Produce markets Act, 1939. The
application of the Bombay Cotton Market was viz. Jalgaon, Amalner,
Bailhongal, Bijapur and Baramati. It was not until the year 1939: that
legislation on the lines recommended by the Royal Commission on
Agricultural, to include other agricultural products was enacted in this
State. With the passing of the Agricultural Produce Market Act, 1939, the
cotton Market Act, 1927, was repealed the markets regulated under that
Act were deemed to be markets established under the Agricultural
Produce Markets Act, 1939. The salient features of this Act are as under:
49
a) The market charges are clearly: defined and excessive charges are
reduced and unwarranted or unjustifiable charges prohibited.
b) Market practices are regulated and market functionaries are licensed.
c) Correct weighment of produce is ensured by individual inspection and
verification of scales and weights by the licensing of weighmen and
provision of arrangements for the supervision of weights.
d) Provision of suitable arrangements for the settlement of disputes
regarding quality, weighment, deductions, prevention of litigation and
protection of the interests of the agriculturist.
e) Insistence on prompt payment of the sale proceeds by the buyer to the
seller.
f) Provision of arrangements for dissemination of correct and up-to-date
market information to users of the market.
g) Fixation of suitable quality standards and provision of standard
contract terms for buying and selling.
h) Provision for sale by open auction or by open agreement.
i) Appointment of the market committee fully representative of
agricultural producers, traders, local authority, and Government.
Other features of the Bombay Agricultural Produce Markets Act 1939 are
given below:-
The object as stated in the preamble is to provide and establishment
of markets for that purpose. Agricultural Produce includes agricultural,
horticulture and animal husbandry specified in the schedule. The schedule
includes fibers, cereals, pulses, oil-seeds, narcotics, gur, sugar-cane,
50
fruits, vegetables, animal husbandry products, condiments and spices,
grass and fodder, and cattle. New commodities can, however, be added or
any of the existing ones removed by fresh notification, Agriculturist as
defined in the Act is one who is engaged in the raising of agricultural
produce either by himself or by tenants or through hired labour. It
excludes a trader or a broker even though he may be engaged in the
raising of agricultural produce.
The Government notifies its intention of exercising control over
purchase and sale of agricultural produce in a specified area and after
hearing objections against its proposal, it declares an area or a portion of
it to be a market area in respect of agricultural products notified. At
present the area of market in the Maharashtra State extends to one or two
talukas. The major assembling markets were the arrivals of produce.
Exceed 15 lakh of rupees are styled as principal market-yards, but in a
minor markets were the value of arrival of produce does not exceed Rs. 5
lakh, sub-market yards are established. Pending the establishment of a
market, the State may grant a license to any person to use any place in the
notified are for the purpose of sale of any agricultural produce. After the
establishment of the market, it is only the market committee that can give
license to any person for this purpose. No person can set up a place for
the purpose of purchase or sale of any agricultural produce in the notified
area except under a license. If, however, the seller is himself a producer
or his authentic agent for transporting the same and the buyer purchases
for his own private use, the place is not governed by the provisions of this
Act. Provision also exists for the cancellation of a license under certain
conditions. Out of four seats reserved for traders, one seat is assigned for
co-operative societies, but the voters are the traders in the agriculturist
constituency, the members of the agriculturist organization as defined in
51
the rules are the voters. The first committee is nominated by Government
and holds office for two years and subsequently, the tenure of the
committee is three years. Certain categories of persons are disqualified
from being chosen as members of the market committee. Rule 6 of the
Rules provides for additional disqualification for members of the
committee. The act provides that in the case of failure of any
organization, person or authority to elect a person within a specified
period of the occurrence of a vacancy, the State Government can call
upon such organization or person or authority to elect a member within
the specified period. On the failure of the person so addressed the State
Government may nominate a person to represent such organization,
person or authority. At present it is the Collectors in the Districts who
have powers for the nomination of the first committee and on their
recommendation; the Government nominates the first committee. They
are also responsible for holding election thereafter. They are also
empowered to hear appeals in respect of suspension and cancellation of
licenses. Every market committee is a body corporate by such name as is
specified in the notification establishing it.
The history of the application of the Bombay Agricultural Produce
markets Act, 1939 to vegetable trade at Ahmadabad, dates back to the
year 1944. The group of workers of the Ahmadabad Co-operative Fruit
and Vegetable Growers Association Ltd. and the Ahmadabad Potato
Growers Co-operative Association Ltd. together with the help of officers,
having been alarmed of several malpractices and precarious position of a
grower in the vegetable market began to make strenuous efforts for the
application of the Act for the regulation of vegetable trade.
52
The proposal was submitted in the year 1944 to the department and
it was great persuasion and healthy efforts of co-operative sale societies
mentioned above and officials that the Government at last agreed to apply
the Act and to this effect final notification dated 10th May, 1948 was
issued by the Government directing that with effect from 24th May, 1948,
the area within radius of 12 miles from Ahmadabad shall be a market
area for the purposes of the Bombay Agriculture Produce Markets Act,
1939 in respect of vegetables.
The researcher would like to present the overall growth of
Agricultural Produce Market Committees in the Maharashtra State which
is suitable to the matter under consideration to take the historical survey
in the Agricultural Produce Market Committees for the last near about 50
years in the state. Such figures would help to clear the growth and
position of Agricultural Produce Market Committees in Maharashtra.
Table No. 2.5 Growth of APMC’s in Maharashtra:
Sr. No.
Year
Number of APMC’s
1
1964-65
157
2
1974-75
203
3
1985-86
240
4
1993-94
251
5
2002-03
281
5
2010-11
295
(Source: Statistical Abstract of Maharashtra and MSAMB Pune)
53
Working of the Regulated Market, at Sangli:
The market at Sangli was established on 30th August, 1950 which
occupies a prominent place in Maharashtra as a big assembling market;
on account of regulation of turmeric large quantities come for sale from
places like Madras and Mysore. The other important commodities
regulated in this market are groundnut, tur and chilies. The market
committee actually started functioning from 10th July, 1955.
Principal market Yard and Sub Yard:
The old market yard used by the market committee for carrying on
its operations was known as wakhar bhag and had been declared as a
temporary principal market yard, which had been found to be inadequate
for the purposes of the committee on account of a considerable increase
in the volume of business. The committee had therefore, selected a more
suitable site on the Sangli- Miraj Road and the State Government has
acquired for it land measuring 99 acres and 30 gunthas for establishing
the new market yard. The acquisition procedures were completed
recently. The layout of the new market yard was prepared by the local
engineer and it has been approved by the Deputy Consulting Surveyor of
Government, Kolhapur. The total number of plots marketed out in the
market is 364, each plot measuring 100 x 50 feet, and the price of each
plot is fixed at Rs. 135per sq.ft. The plots also can be taken on hire at an
annual rent of Rs. 80. 303 plots have so far allotted to traders and general
commission agents of which 291 are given on rental basis and 12 plots
have been sold. Provision has also been made for spacious roads, water
arrangements, godowns, fencing, cart stands, offices of banks, telegraph
office, a canteen and Shetkari Niwas. The fencing of the yard has been
completed. The construction of a water tank having a capacity of 30000
gallons has also been completed by the committee as its own expense;
54
some space has been reserved for staff quarters. 500 trees of different
varieties on the different roads sides have also been planted. The Sangli
Municipality has extended its co-operation in providing facilities for
water and electric supply on the market yard by laying one water pipe and
electricity wires. There are two sub-yards, one at Miraj and another at
Jath.
The Control over the regulated markets has been transferred to the
Zilla Parishads under whom one Assistant Registrar, Co-operative
societies of the District is working. He is one of the Nominees of the
Government on regulated markets.
It appears that after the reorganization of the co-operative
Department in the State in the year 1961, the previous separate marketing
department under the control of the Registrar was abolished and more
attention is required to be paid to the actual working of the regulated
markets. The Registrar, Cooperative Societies has delegated the powers
to the Joint Registrar, Cooperative Societies, (Marketing) who is also
working as the Director of Agricultural Marketing and Rural finance. He
is assisted by one Deputy Registrar and one Assistant Registrar and one
Grading Assistant. Besides this there is a Marketing Research Officer,
Bombay, who conducts Marketing Surveys and also does the work of
Market intelligence. He is assisted by 3 Assistant Marketing Officers.
Practically all the markets have been regulated in the State. Efforts are
also being made to apply this Act to the Vegetables and Fruit Market at
Bombay and Poona.
According to the recent decisions of the Bombay High Court on
this Act the Marketing committees have no power to add additional
commodities for regulation.
55
APMC PROFILE
The MSAMB has seven Divisional offices at Pune, Nasik,
Aurangabad, Latur, Amravati, Nagpur and Ratnagiri for proper coordination of the activities of all APMCs in the State. The map given
bellow shows districts covered under various divisions.
Map of Maharashtra with Divisional wise of MSAMB
56
Agriculture produce means all produce (whether processed or not)
of agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, pisciculture and forests as
specified in the schedule.
The APMCs were established by the State Govt. for regulating the
marketing of different kinds of agriculture and pisciculture produce for
the same market area or any part thereof.
The Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act
was passed in the year 1963, with a view to regulate the marketing of
agricultural and pisciculture produce in market areas. After giving due
consideration to various committees recommendations and study groups,
some important changes have been made in this Act in the year 1987 and
thereafter.
Constitution:
Every market shall consist of:
1. Agriculturists residing in the market area and being 21 years of
age on the date specified from time to time by the Collector in
this behalf.
2. Traders and commission agents holding license to operate in the
market area.
3. Chairman of the co-operative society doing business of processing
and marketing of agriculture produce in the market area.
Chairman of the Panchayat Samiti’s with the jurisdiction in which
the market area are situated and President or Sarpanch of the local
authorities with the jurisdiction of which the principal market are
situated. The Deputy Registrar of Co-operative Society of the district, the
57
Assistant Cotton officer or where there is no such officer the district
Agriculture Officer of the Department of Agriculture.
Objectives:
It shall be the duty of the Market Committee to implement the
provisions
of
the
Maharashtra
Agricultural
Produce
Marketing
(Regulation) Act 1963, the rules and bye-laws made there under in the
market area to provide such facilities for marketing of agricultural
produce therein as the Director may from time to time, direct do such
other acts as may be required in relation to the superintendence, direction
and control of markets or for relating marketing of agricultural produce in
any place in the market area and for purpose connected with the matters
aforesaid, and for that purpose may exercise such powers and perform
such duties and discharge such functions as may be provided by or under
this Act.
The Act provides for establishment of Market Committees in the
State. These Market Committees are engaged in development of market
yards for the benefit of agriculturists and the buyers. Various agricultural
produce commodities are regulated under the Act. At present there are
295 APMCs with main markets and 609 sub markets.
58
Fig. No. 2.2 Growth of APMC in the Maharashtra
350
300
295
250
251
240
203
200
157
150
Year
100
50
0
1064-65
1974-75
1985-86
1993-94
2010-11
Fig. No. 2.3 Division wise break-up of APMCs
Main Market
122
Sub Market
112
101
91
77
72
51
34
48
43
33
20
59
55
45
Fig. No. 2.4Classification of APMCs in Maharashtra State (2007-08):
‘D’ Class,
Less than
Rs. 25 Lakh
(125)
42%
‘A’ Class,
Above Rs. 1
Crore (42)
14%
‘C’ Class,
Above Rs.
25 Lakh to
Rs.50 Lakh
(70)
24%
‘B’ Class,
Above Rs.
50Lakh to
Rs. 1 Crore
(58)
20%
In this figure APMC’s classified into four types as per turnover as
A Class above Rs.1 Crore, B Class Rs.50 Lakh to Rs 1 Crore, C Class Rs.
25 Lakh to Rs. 50 Lakh and D Class Rs. 25 Lakh and Less, and in bracket
shows the Number of APMC’s more than 40%. In the D Class APMC’s
and other all types of APMC’s is 58%.
60
A.P.M.C. – AN INTRODUCTION:
The Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation)
Act was passed in the year 1963, with a view to regulate the marketing
of agricultural and pisciculture produces in market areas. After giving
due consideration to various committees recommendations and study
groups, some important changes have been made in this Act in the year
1987 and thereafter.
Mission:
1. MAPMC (Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Market Committee) is in
the business of facilitating the trade of Agricultural commodities in
the geographical region of Mumbai.
2. MAPMC aspires to become the most preferred trading partner of
sellers and buyers of agri-commodities all over India.
3. MAPMC promises to provide the most advanced and world-class
infrastructure to all its functionaries.
4. MAPMC wishes to be a fair employer, investing in the continuous upgradation and development of knowledge and skills of its human
resources.
5. MAPMC is aware of its important role in the society and therefore
will always conduct itself with a measure of responsibility towards
social
causes
and
with
significant
accountability
towards
environmental preservation.
6. As one of the foremost agri-trade organizations in India, MAPMC is
fully cognizant of maintaining and enhancing the image of India and
will always prioritize national interests in its every decision.
7. MAPMC is a customer-driven organization and will constantly strive
to achieve complete customer satisfaction and provide prompt
customer support.
61
PARTICIPANTS OF THE MARKET:
1. Producers / Sellers (farmers) – These are the ones who are not directly
involved in the working but are the part of the whole cycle of agricultural
marketing.
2. Commission Agents
3. Brokers -They are the ones who take minimum risk and as a part of
their income brokerage are paid to them. The commission paid is between
2% to 10%
4. Traders- they are the same as Brokers but level of risk is high
5. Adatya’s
6. Wholesaler.
7. Retailers
8. Consumers
Methods of Sale carried out by APMC Market:
1. Sale by Sample:
It is the most convenient method of sale where the produce is
systematically graded. It saves the cost of transportation and inspection.
However, utmost honesty in the dealing is to be followed. The producer
or the commission agent shows the sample to the trader and finalizes the
price. Example – During the auction of chilies, the buyer quotes the price
for the produce by looking at the samples. This sale by sample is also
practiced in food grain sector. Food grains such as wheat, rice, etc. are
bought by buyer and to verify that the quality matches the sample they
hit the gunny bag with sickle and check the food grains.
62
2. Open Auction:
The farmers undertake a bidding process in which the
commission agents bid over the prices of the produce being auctioned
and the produce is sold by the farmer to the highest bidder.
3. Hatta Sale (Under Cover)
This method of sale is legally not permitted to be practiced in the
regulated markets. But it is learnt that Hatta or undercover sale is
practiced in the fruit and vegetables market.
Codes
1 finger = Rs 10
1 tapping = Re 1
Fist = Rs100
e.g. holding 3 fingers and then tapping the finger 2 times would
communicate Price of Rs.32/kg.
If the prices are acceptable to both the parties, lapping hands signals the
deal as done.
The main reason why it is practiced is well justified by the wholesalers
in the market. According to them there has been a sharp increase in the
number of retail clients visiting the A.P.M.C market. If the prices offered
to the wholesale buyers are negotiated via talking or discussing loudly,
even the retail buyers would demand a similar price which would not be
acceptable to the wholesale buyers or sellers.
So, with a view of maintaining confidentiality of wholesale prices the
hatta system is often practiced in the market.
63
LOAN: - Supplement to the finance of APMC
As a supplement to the finance of APMC, the Maharashtra State
Agricultural Marketing Board gives some amount as loan to enable
APMC’s to undertake developmental programmes. However, MSAMB
insists on availing loans from Banks by the APMCs for their development
programmes. The development works include land, drinking water
facility, compound wall, gate, internal roads, electrification, auction sale
halls and platform, godowns, computers, weigh bridges, farmers hostel,
hamal bhavan, trader's and commission agent's shops, etc. The loans are
sanctioned as per the norms prescribed by MSAMB.
APMCs submit the loan applications with details, which are being
processed at the head office. As per the rules of the Marketing Board the
rate of interest for development works except construction of shopping
complex are as follows:
Table No. 2.6 Rate of interest as per utilization of funds by APMC’s
Rate
Sr.No. Utilization of funds by APMC
interest
1
All APMC- Shetkari Bazar
5%
2
All APMC- Agri Pledge Loan Scheme
6%
3
Term Loan- Kokan & Tribal Area
6%
All APMC- Land purchase, drinking water
4
facility, auction platform, compound, weigh 8%
bridge,
5
grading
equipment,
sanitary,
Shopping Complex (APMCs of all category)
64
road,
10%
of
The APMC has to submit a loan proposal along with the following
documents.
1. Loan application in the prescribed form.
2. Loan repayment agreement.
3. Loan hypothecation agreement.
4. Sanction from competent authority for building plan & layout.
5. Approval of Director of Marketing under section 12(1).
The necessary formats for this purpose can be downloaded from the
download option.
The repayment period of loan provided for the following development
works is as follows.
Table No. 2.7 Scheme of work and repayment Period
Repayment
Sr No Scheme of work
Period
Purchase of Land, Drinking water system, Auction
1
halls, Compound, Sanitary, Computers and Weigh
bridges, Roads, Shetkari Niwas, Electrification, &
10 Years
other facilities
2
Work under Technology Mission on Cotton
(T.M.C.)
7 Years
3
Traders Shops
5 Years
4
Commercial Complex
1 Year
During last 21 years (i.e. from 1985 to March 2008), the Marketing
Board has disbursed the loan amount of Rs 98.75 Crore to 203 APMCs in
the State, out of which, the outstanding amount as on 31st March 2008, is
Rs. 51.04 Crore.
65
2.5. History of Ten APMC’s
Regulated Markets in Solapur District:
The ten regulated markets in the district are the wholesale
trade centers in the district which are mainly the export centers of surplus
commodities. Barshi market is the most important exporting centre in the
district.
The condition of agricultural marketing was far from satisfactory in
the past. The agriculturist handicapped by his lack of knowledge and
poverty and was disadvantaged of the fruits of his production, and had to
sell his goods at unprofitable prices. His incapability to hold the sales till
the market turned favourable was fully exploited by the traders who used
to contrive to bid low prices. Agricultural marketing was also burdened
with innumerable malpractices such as unauthorized deductions, false
weights, delayed payment and a number of practices which were
detrimental to the interests of the fanner. This state of affairs received the
attention of the Royal Commission on Agriculture (1927) which
recommended to the Government the necessity of regulating the trade in
agricultural commodities. Accordingly the Government of Bombay
enacted the Bombay Cotton Markets Act in 1927. Subsequently the
Bombay Provincial Banking Enquiry Committee (1931) also stressed the
need for protection to the agricultural community in the disposal of
marketable surplus by establishing a chain of regulated markets. Similarly
various Government commissions appointed from time to time also
stressed the need to protect the interest of the agriculturists and develop a
pattern of regulation of marketing.
66
Accordingly the Bombay Government replaced the old Bombay
Cotton Markets Act which regulated only cotton trade by passing the
broad-based Act, viz. the Bombay Agricultural Produce Markets Act in
1939. This Act brought the sale and purchase of a number of
commodities under the preview of the enactment. All the cotton markets
established under the Bombay Cotton Markets Act of 1927 were deemed
to be regulated under the new enactment of 1939.
The main objectives of this enactment were: (1) to bring about
equity in bargaining power among the agriculturists and traders, (2) to
promote mutual confidence, (3) to prevent malpractices and (4) to give a
fair deal to the peasants. This enactment led to the establishment of the
market committees at the following places, [Date of establishment of the
market committee is given in bracket.] viz., (1) Akluj (10th March, 1950),
(2) Karmala (1st January, 1943), (3) Barshi (11th June, 1948), (4)
Pandharpur (1st July, 1947), (5) Solapur (12th August, 1959), (6) Sangola
(1st December, 1962), (7) Mangalwedha (19th May, 1965), (8) Mohol
(14th December, 1954). (9) Kurduwadi (1st May, 1950) and (10) Akkalkot
(20th November, 1952).
The Bombay Agricultural Produce Markets Act of 1939 has now
been repealed with the enforcement of the unified Maharashtra
Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act of 1963. All the
regulated markets established under the repealed Bombay Agricultural
Produce Markets Act, 1939 are deemed to be established under the new
Act. Though this Act was passed in 1963, it was actually implemented in
this district since 25th May, 1967. On application of new statute all the
agricultural produce market committees have adopted new rules.
67
All the eleven talukas in the district are served by regulated
markets, the Solapur market committee serving the South and North
Solapur talukas together. All the talukas are brought under the purview of
Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act of 1963.
According to the new Act, viz., Maharashtra Agricultural Produce
Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1963, the prices of all the agricultural
commodities brought into the market are settled by open auction or by an
open agreement in the presence of officials of the market committee. This
rule is strictly adhered to. Before the auction starts the individual lots are
arranged in open heaps for inspection of the buyers. Previously cotton
was sold by fardi system, and the rate of cotton was declared in the
market committee office. This system was found to be defective as there
was no chance of getting higher prices for better quality of commodities.
To remove this defect a new system, viz., cart-wise auction of cotton was
introduced.
Under this system the produce is arranged in heaps or in bullockcarts near the adat shop of the authorized general commission agents. The
general commission agents who are also called adatyas play the key-role
of intermediaries between the cultivators and traders. They dispose of the
agricultural produce on behalf of the cultivators and get commission in
this transaction at rates prescribed by the market committee. The traders
or their representatives inspect the agricultural produce and start bidding.
The bidding is done in the presence of the market supervisors appointed
by the market committees. As soon as the bargain is agreed between the
cultivator and the trader, the general commission agent prepares an
agreement called kabulayat regarding price and quantity of the produce.
The price of the sold produce is paid to the cultivator on the same day.
The officials of the market committee supervise all these transactions.
The bargaining is registered in the register of market committee.
68
The weighment of all agricultural commodities except cotton is
completed on the market yard by the licensed weighmen. Weighment of
cotton is however done at the ginning factories. The market committees
issue licenses to the weighmen. As soon as the weighment is completed
the commission agents arrange for the payment to the cultivator-seller on
the same day. The weighment and payment is supervised by the
supervisory staff of the market committee. Prices are quoted in terms of
rupees per quintal.
The market committees thus serve the agriculturists by giving them
a just reward for their produce. Moreover they encourage the producers to
bring pure and unadulterated produce which assure better prices.
The entire method of marketing is closely watched by the officials
of the market committees. The code of business conduct is prescribed and
arrangements are made to settle any dispute as and when it arises. The
functionaries in the market, viz., general commission agents, traders,
hamals, weighmen and processors are all licensed by the respective
market committees. On payment of a prescribed fee they are issued
licenses. The market committees are instrumental in protecting the
interests of the agriculturists.
Regarding the financial position of the market committees the
Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act of 1963
has prescribed the sources by which the market committees should earn
income to meet their growing needs. Among others the major sources of
income are market fee, license fee, cattle fee, plot rent, etc. These rates
are prescribed by the market committees. The financial position of all
(Ten) the market committees was as under in the year 2009-10:—
69
Table No. 2.8 The financial position of ten market committees in the
year 2009-10
Market Committee
Income
Expenditure
Surplus / Deficit
Akkalkot
3,044,545
3,894,379
-849,834
Akluj
12413531
10,371,065
2,042,466
Barshi
24733993
23042372
1691621
Karmala
7,227,278
6,259,303
967,975
14,081,946
10,541,180
3,540,766
Mangalwedha
2,768,703
1,578,785
1,189,918
Mohol
1,723,939
1,623,617
100,322
12,007,700
8,246,426
3,761,274
Sangola
4,765,002
3,418,503
1,346,499
Solapur
81450411
51230193
30,220,218
Kurduwadi
Pandharpur
The market committees undertake the work of distribution of
market news which is helpful to the agriculturists. The prices of
agricultural commodities at Barshi, Solapur, Pandharpur and Akluj are
published in daily newspapers such as Sakal, Samachar and Sanchar.
Besides, the Barshi Market Committee also publishes a fortnightly, viz.,
Bazarachi Watchal which furnishes the prices of important agricultural
commodities.
70
Every day the prices of jowar and other commodities are sent to the
Government of India, New Delhi, by telegram, while prices of other
important commodities are sent to the Marketing Research Officer,
Bombay, by telegram for broadcast. Daily prices are also intimated to
Pune Radio Station. The trends of prices of various commodities in
important regulated markets in the district as well as in Maharashtra State
are announced for information of the agriculturists before the auction
takes place. This serves as a guide to the sellers as well as to the buyers of
agricultural produce.
The supervision and control over regulated markets is done by the
District
Deputy
Registrar
of
Co-operative
Societies
since
the
commencement of the market committees in the district. The works of
supervision and control over regulated markets have been entrusted to the
Co-operation and Industries Officer of the Zilha Parishad since 1967.
2.5.1 Agricultural Produce Market Committee Akkalkot
The Agricultural Produce Market Committee at Akkalkot was
established on 20th November, 1952. The area of operation of the market
committee extends over the entire Akkalkot taluka. The convenient
transport facilities have helped for the development of the market.
The market committee is managed by the executive committee of
twenty one representatives, of whom fifteen are agriculturists (eleven
Farmers and four Grampanchayat), two traders, and one each Hamal,
Weighmen, Processing Santha’s and local authorities and Government
nominees.
71
The commodities have been regulated by this market committee:groundnut (shelled and unshelled), tur, mug, udid, karadi, gur, chillis,
jowar, wheat, bajari, gram, linseed, cotton, rice, onions, tamarind, rata,
ambadi and cattle such as bullocks, cows, she-buffaloes, sheep, goats and
horses etc.
Table No.2.9 Arrivals of commodities and its value in the year 200910
Sr. No Commodity
Arrivals
(in quintals)
Value (Rs.)
1
Jowar
263
258020
2
Wheat
133
169357
3
Bajari
183
147573
4
Paddy
4
5204
5
Udid
3,129
14023400
6
Mug
159
741100
7
Tur
13,773
69882313
8
Maize
2
1602
9
Gram/Chana
11,290
24313900
10
Jod
93
132700
This table shows commodities have coming in the market, of Tur
(arrivals 13773qls) value of Rs. 69882313, gram/ Chana (arrivals
11290qls) value of Rs. 24313900, Udid (arrivals 3,129 qls) value of Rs.
14023400 and also arrivals some commodities.
The Akkalkot market, Total arrivals and value of various regulated
commodities in during 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 are give
as below72
Table No.2.10 Total arrivals of commodities and its Total value
Sr.No.
Year
Arrivals (in quintals)
Value (in Rupees)
1
2007-08
11179
80920112
2
2008-09
43141
98586064
3
2009-10
29029
109675169
4
2010-11
95815
384524086
This table shows that, the market committee has up down of
arrivals of commodities but its value increasing, in the year as 2007-08
to 2010-11.
The market committee possesses its own market-yard which
provides all the necessary facilities. The market committee has recently
opened a sub-market yard at Dudhavi.
Table No.2.11 Market Functionary and Fees of licenses
Sr.No Market functionaries
Number
1
General commission agents
2
Traders
3
Rate of Licence fees
81
200
169
200
Weighmen
20
20
4
5
Processors
Warehouseman
20
1
200
30
6
Hamals
105
6
7
Assistants
31
10
Total
427
73
This table no. 2.11 shows that, there were in all 427 market
functionaries in 2009-10, of whom 81 were commission agent, 20
weighmen and processors each, 105 hamals, one warehouseman, 31
assistants and 169 traders.
There are adequate storage facilities at this market-yard. The
Maharashtra Warehousing Corporation has built warehouses where
agricultural produce is stored at nominal rates. Besides, the traders have
also built their own godowns. The grading system is also introduced in
respect of the trade in groundnut.
Table No. 2.12 Financial position of the Market committee
Year
Income
Expenditure
Surplus
2007-08
3009887
3309296
-299409
2008-09
3506109
3974294
-468185
2009-10
3044545
3894379
-849834
2010-11
5676954
4335890
1341064
This table shows that, the financial position of the market
committee has deficit, means expenditure over income up to 2007-08 to
2009-10 but 2010-11 financial position has surplus.
The Akkalkot Wholesale Merchants' Association and the Akkalkot
Taluka Kharedi Vikri Sangh Limited, play an important role on this
market yard.
74
2.5.2 Agricultural Produce Market Committee Akaluj (Malshiras)
The Agricultural Produce Market Committee at Akluj was
established on 10th March, 1950 but the actual working of the committee
was started from 1st November, 1951. The market is one of the big
markets in the district. It is however handicapped by the lack of
convenient means of transport and communications and is not served by
any rail route.
The area of operation of the market committee extends over
Malshiras taluka. The market committee is managed by the executive
committee of twenty one representatives, of whom fifteen are
agriculturists (eleven Farmers and four Grampanchayat), two traders, and
one each of Hamal, Weighmen, Processing Santha’s and local authorities
and Government nominees.
The market committee has regulated the following agricultural
commodities, viz., gur, groundnut, sunflower, tur, gram, jowar, wheat,
bajri, maize, and paddy. The cattle trade (consisting of sheep, goats, he
and she buffaloes and horses) is also regulated since January, 1961.
The market committee has a principal market-yard at Akluj and a
sub-market yard at Natepute. The principal market-yard has enough land
and measuring 35 acres, and the sub-market yard has fourteen acres of
land. The sub-market yard was started from 7th October, 1964. The
market committee has spent Rs. 44,153 and Rs. 7,400 for purchasing land
for the market-yards at Akluj and Natepute respectively.
The total number of market functionaries, licence fee and the
amount collected by way of licence fee are given in the following
statement for the year 2009-10 :-
75
Table No. 2.13 Market Functionary and Fees of licenses
Sr.No Market functionaries
Number
1
General commission agents
2
Traders
3
Rate of Licence fees
90
100
435
100
Weighmen
16
10
4
Processors
10
100
5
Warehouseman
1
15
6
Hamals
177
3
7
Assistants
263
5
Total
992
This table shows that, there were in all 992 market functionaries in
2009-10, of whom 90 were commission agent, 16 weighmen, 10
processors, 177 hamals, one warehouseman, 263 assistants and 435
traders.
The total arrivals and value of various regulated commodities at the
markets are given below:—
Table No. 2.14 Total arrivals of commodities and its value
Sr.No.
Year
Arrivals (in Quintals) Value (in Rupees)
1
2007-08
412063
295513800
2
2008-09
490357
519005300
3
2009-10
519425
606451150
4
2010-11
538217
687015220
This table shows that, the total commodities have increasing
arrivals in the market committee in 2007-08 to 2010-11 and its values
also increasing.
Besides agricultural commodities, the market committee has
regulated cattle trade also by starting weekly cattle markets at Akluj and
Natepute.
76
The financial position of the market committee is given below:—
Table No. 2.15 Financial position of the Market committee
Year
Income
Expenditure
Surplus
2007-08
5070242
4,920,893
149,349
2008-09
10374777
9,335,367
1,039,410
2009-10
12413531
10,371,065
2,042,466
This table shows that, the surplus of the market committee in the
year 2007-08 was Rs. 149349, in 2008-09 surplus Rs. 1039410 and 200910 surplus Rs. 2042466 respectively.
Table No. 2.16 Arrivals of commodities and its value in the year
2009-10
Sr. No Commodity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Arrivals (in quintals)
Jowar
Wheat
Gul
Paddy
Vegetable
Tur
Groundnut
Maize
Gram/Chana
Bean
18,365
39,574
63,519
6747
118,117
396
9,920
335491
7,442
916
Value (Rs.)
16662100
40770750
176886900
14804500
109540600
1359600
20619200
276019850
14237000
2484000
This table shows that, commodities have arrivals in the market
committee. The maize has arrivals in the market yard and
(Rs.276019850) value is high. The market has well-known as maize
market. All types of commodities are coming in the market and
received the good prices.
77
2.5.3 Agricultural Produce Market Committee Barshi
The Agricultural Produce Market Committee at Barshi was
established on 11th June, 1948. Barshi is the biggest and the most
important market in the district. This market is commonly called a
"Gateway of Marathwada" in the field of agricultural trade. A large
amount of agricultural produce is brought for sale at this market. It is
served by convenient means of transport and communications which
attract agriculturists and traders from Marathwada region, and especially
from Osmanabad, Beed and Nanded districts. The Latur-Miraj broad
gauge line of South-Central Railway as well as many State highways
serves the transport of merchandise.
The market yard is one of the best in the State of Maharashtra, and
covers an area of 42 acres and 18 gunthas. It is named after Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru since 7th June, 1964. The market has started three submarket yards at Vairag, Yedashi and Tadavale. It has acquired 25 acres of
land by spending Rs. 24,649 at Vairag, and five acres of land at Yedashi
for sub-market yards. At Vairag the market committee has built an office
building and has provided other amenities. The Barshi market committee
has invested Rs. 9, 63,271 by way of development expenditure on its
principal and sub-market yards.
The area of operation of the market committee extends over the
entire Barshi taluka. The market committee is managed by the executive
committee of twenty one representatives, of whom fifteen are
agriculturists (eleven Farmers and four Grampanchayat), two traders, and
one each Hamal, Weighmen, Processing Santha’s and local authorities
and Government nominees.
78
The important regulated commodities are ground-nut (shelled and
unshelled), cotton (ginned and unginned), tur (red, white and gajar), mug
(green, yellow, mongalai), udid, safflower, jowar (maldandi, dagadi,
jogali), bajri, wheat, gram (garda, chafa), sesamum, linseed, turmeric
(finger, gadde, kap), coriander, chillis (dry, red), gur, tamarind, ambadi,
paddy, castor seed, niger seed, maize, fodder, vari, sava, hulaga and
onions. Besides, the market committee has also regulated cattle trade
consisting of cows, bullocks, she and he buffaloes, sheep and goats since
1964. Ground-nut, tur, mug and udid are the main agricultural
commodities which arrive at Barshi from Marathwada. The Barshi market
authorities introduced the open auction sale system since 1962 and also
the system of commercial grading of ground-nut, tur, mug, udid, etc.
Table No. 2.17 Arrivals of commodities and its value in the year
2009-10
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Commodity
Arrivals (in quintals) Value (Rs.)
Jowar
Wheat
Onion
Paddy
Dhane
Udid
Mug
Tur
Grundnut
Gram/ Chana
362,481
240,300
120,200
17000
15,200
101590
10,109
118180
42,329
27,800
616217700
384480000
36060000
17000000
79037900
264134000
35381500
472720000
76192200
55600000
This table shows that, Commodities have arrival in the market, of
Tur (arrivals 118180qls) value of Rs. 472720000, Jowar (arrivals
362481qls) value of Rs. 616217700, Udid (arrivals 101590qls) value of
Rs. 264134000 and also arrivals some commodities.
79
The total number of market functionaries licensed by the
committee and the income of the market committee by way of licence fee
during in the year 2009-10 is given below:
Table No. 2.18 Shows Market Functionary and Fees of licenses
Sr.No Market functionaries
Number
Licence fees rate
1
General commission agents
444
200
2
Traders
677
200
3
Weighmen
113
20
4
Processors
39
60
5
Warehouseman
1
20
6
Hamals
290
10
7
Assistants
37
4
Total
1601
This table shows that, there were in all 1601 market functionaries
in 2009-10, of whom 444 were commission agent, 113 weighmen, 39
processors, 290 hamals, one warehouseman, 37 assistants and 677
traders.
At Barshi market sufficient storage facilities are available to store
agricultural produce. There are 74 godowns built on the market yard of
these, three godowns are owned by the Maharashtra State Warehousing
Corporation, and the rest of them by private traders, co-operative
marketing societies and banks. The storage capacities of these godowns
are 3,000 tons. The storage rates of the Warehousing Corporation vary
reasonable rates of the godowns owned by other institutions.
Market finance is facilitated at this market by the banking organizations
mentioned below:—
80
Table No. 2.19 Market finance is facilitated at this market by the
banking organizations
1) State Bank of India
8) Miraj State Bank,
2) Central Bank of India,
9) United Western Bank
3) Barshi Urban Co-operative Bank (6)Barshi
Ltd.
Merchants'
Co-
operative Bank Ltd.,
4) Belgaum Bank Ltd., and
(7)District Central Co-operative
Bank Ltd.,
5) Bank of Maharashtra.
Barshi Market is an assembling as well as distributing centre of all
agricultural commodities. Besides local produce, agricultural produce
from parts of Marathwada region is brought to Barshi by motor trucks
and bullock-carts and the total assembled produce, 20 percent is retained
for local consumption and 80 percent is exported to distant market
centers.
The following commodities are exported to the destinations
mentioned against them:—
Table No.2.20 Commodities are sent to the destinations
Commodity
Destination
(1) Groundnut
Mumbai
(2) Mug
Goa, Mumbai, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madras,
Mysore, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh.
(3) Udid
Goa, Madras, Kerala, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh.
(4) Turmeric
Mumbai, Sangli.
(5)Tur and turdal
(6) Tamarind
Mumbai, Pune, Gujarat, Madras, Mysore, Kerala,
Goa.
Madras, Mysore, Mumbai and Andhra Pradesh.
The total turn-over of trade at this market between 2007-08 and 2008-09
and in 2009-10 is given below:—
81
Table No. 2.21 Arrivals of commodities and its value
Sr. No.
Year
1
2007-08
314643
1124663150
2
2008-09
608304
1467398500
3
2009-10
1372958
1966223700
Arrivals (in quintals)
Value (in Rupees)
This table shows that, the market committee has trend growing up of
arrivals of commodities but also values, in the year as 2007-08 to 09-10.
The financial position of the market committee during the same
period is given below:—
Table No. 2.22 Financial position of the Market committee
Year
Income
Expenditure
Surplus
2007-08
13802946
9,901,634
3,901,312
2008-09
18911511
17,852,579
1,058,932
2009-10
24733993
23,042,372
1,691,621
This table shows that, the financial position of the market
committee has beginning as well, in 2007-08 and 2008-09 surpluses were
decreased, but in the 2009-10 surpluses were increased.
There are many co-operative marketing societies functioning at
Barshi which are licence-holders of the market committee. The important
among them are:
82
(1) Barshi Taluka Co-operative Sale and Purchase Union,
(2) Barshi Vividh Karyakari Seva Society,
(3) Barshi Merchants' Association
The market committee has introduced the marketing intelligence
system for the benefit of the agriculturists as well as traders. According to
this system ten important villages in Barshi taluka are selected wherein
the market committee arranges to publicize prices and arrivals of various
agricultural commodities at Barshi and other important markets in
Maharashtra.
83
2.5.4 Agricultural Produce Market Committee Karmala
The Agricultural Produce Market Committee at Karmala was
established on 1st January, 1948. The market has jurisdiction over 96
villages which are recurrent by recurring famines and conditions of
scarcity. Some villages from Karjat and Jamkhed talukas of Ahmadnagar
district and some villages from Parenda and Ashti talukas of Osmanabad
and Beed districts get the benefit of this market. Hence though Karmala is
in the famine area, there is a considerable turn-over of trade at this
market.
The market committee is managed by the executive committee of
twenty one representatives, of whom fifteen are agriculturists (eleven
Farmers and four Grampanchayat), two traders, and one each Hamal,
Weighmen, Processing Santha’s and local authorities and Government
nominees.
The market committee has brought under regulation the following
commodities:—jowar, bajri, wheat, maize, ground-nut (shelled and
unshelled), safflower, sesamum, linseed, chillis, cotton, mug, math,
hulaga, gram, udid, tur, gur and cattle such as sheep, goats, bullocks,
cows, and he and she buffaloes.
The market yard measures 33 acres of land where all the necessary
amenities including a spacious office building, a rest-house, platforms,
sheds, etc are available. The market committee has a sub-market at Jeur
which also provides some of the necessary amenities. The committee
proposes to start two additional sub-market yards at Kem and Pomalwadi.
84
Though the market is situated in the famine area, about 70 percent
of the assembled produce is exported outside the Karmala taluka after
meeting the local demand. The direction of export trade is as under:—
Table No. 2.23 Commodities are sent to the destinations
Commodities
Place
(1) Jowar
Solapur, Ratnagiri, Kolhapur, Sangli and Karad.
(2) Bajri
Mumbai, Thane, Pune and Nasik.
(3) Maize
Mumbai, Panvel, Pandharpur, Mohol and Akluj.
Satara, Solapur, Bangalore, Pune and Andhra
(4) Wheat
Pradesh.
(5) Groundnut.
(6)Sesamum
Mumbai, Solapur and Pune.
and
linseed.
(7) Tur
Mumbai and Baroda.
Barshi, Kolhapur, Gadag, Pune and Ahmadnagar.
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Mysore, Mumbai and
(8) Mug
Madras.
(9) Chillis.
Pune and Mumbai.
(10) Gur
Pune, Mumbai, Thane, Gujarat and Ratnagiri.
(11) Cotton
Ahmadnagar.
Table No. 2.24 Market Functionary and Fees of licenses
Sr.No
Market functionaries
Licence fees
rate
Number
73
200
268
200
Weighmen
21
20
4
Processors
4
200
5
Warehouseman
1
30
6
Hamals
96
6
7
Assistants
40
10
1
General commission agents
2
Traders
3
503
Total
85
This table shows that, there were in all 503 market functionaries in
2009-10, of whom 73 were commission agent, 21 weighmen, 4
processors, 96 hamals, one warehouseman, 40 assistants and 268 traders.
Table No. 2.25 Arrivals of commodities and its value in the year
2009-10
Sr. No Commodity
Arrivals (in quintals)
Value (Rs.)
1
2
Jowar
80,504
94075700
Tur
15,165
73628300
3
Onion
6,752
3152500
4
Paddy
32369
16377200
5
Grundnut
31,796
74633600
6
Sunflower
30866
68524200
7
Bajari
5,296
5210300
8
Maize
56429
66227800
9
Gram/Chana
11,458
21655620
171
1433400
10 Bean
This table shows that, Commodities have coming in the Karmala
APMC, of jowar (arrivals 80,504qls) value of Rs. 94075700, grundnut
(arrivals 31,796qls) value of Rs. 74633600, tur (arrivals 15,165qls) value
of Rs. 73628300 and also arrivals and its value of commodities.
The trend of turn-over of trade in regard to regulated commodities
is given below:—
Table No.2.26 Arrivals of commodities and its value
Sr.No.
1
2
3
4
Year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
Arrivals (in quintals)
288645
314492
402244
336874
Value (in Rupees)
311606400
359577900
474178800
451411600
86
This table shows that, last four years commodities increasing
arrivals in quintals and its value in rupees.
The income, expenditure and the amount of surplus during 200708, 2008-09 and 2009-10 are given below:—
Table No. 2.27 Financial position of the Market committee
Year
Income
Expenditure
Surplus/ Deficit
2007-08
4350915
2,951,095
1,399,820
2008-09
5284430
5,529,351
-244,921
2009-10
7227278
6,259,303
967,975
This table shows that, business activities and its result for 2007-08
to 2009-10. The above figures show APMC’s last three years financial
position.
The Karmala Taluka Co-operative Agricultural Sale and Purchase
Union is the sole licence-holding co-operative marketing society on the
market-yard.
The total arrivals and value of various regulated commodities at
Karmala market.
87
2.5.5 Agricultural Produce Market Committee Kurduwadi
(Madha)
The Agricultural Produce Market Committee at Kurduwadi was
established on 1st May, 1950. The market is served by convenient means
of transport and communications. The Mumbai-Pune-Channai railway
line and the Latur-Miraj broad-gauge line of the South-Central Railway
as well as the Mumbai-Solapur-Hyderabad national highway, the
important trade routes passing through Kurduwadi, these routes have
facilitated through communication with distant trade centres such as
Mumbai, Pune, Channai, Latur and Miraj.
The area of operation of the market extends over the entire Madha
taluka. The market committee has opened three sub-yards at Madha,
Modnimb and Tembhurni. The market committee is managed by the
executive committee of twenty one representatives, of whom fifteen are
agriculturists (eleven Farmers and four Grampanchayat), two traders, and
one each Hamal, Weighmen, Processing Santha’s and local authorities
and Government nominees.
The market committee has regulated the following commodities:—
cotton (ginned and unginned), groundnut (shelled and unshelled), wheat,
jowar, chillis, gram, tur, safflower, mug, gur, maize, math, hulaga,
linseed, sesamum, bajri, and cattle including bullocks, cows, buffaloes,
horses, sheep and goats. There are weekly cattle markets at Tembhurni,
Modnimb and Kurduwadi.
The market-yard is quite spacious and covers an area of 23 acres
and 12 gunthas.
88
About 80 percent of the total agricultural produce is brought for
sale in the market and 20 percent is consumed locally. Jowar is the main
crop in this area, the open sale of which is banned under the monopoly
procurement scheme. The other agricultural produce is exported to
Mumbai, Channai, Aurangabad, Pune and Gujarat State.
Storage facilities are available at this market-yard. The
Maharashtra State Warehousing Corporation has constructed separate
godowns at Kurduwadi and Modnimb where jowar collected under
monopoly procurement scheme and is stored besides the usual
agricultural produce. Besides private traders, co-operative societies have
also provided godowns wherein the goods of the agriculturists are stored.
The daily attendance of the agriculturists at Kurduwadi market ranges
from 300 to 400.
Table No. 2.28
Arrivals of commodities and its value in the year
2009-10
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Commodity
Arrivals (in quintals)
Value (Rs.)
Jowar
38,901
39645800
Wheat
9,980
12287500
Tur
5,478
21399000
Groundnut
3508
7231500
Bajari
847
713000
Onion
176388
147117800
Chilli
273
1188000
Maize
108634
92339600
Gram/Chana
9,453
17391300
Udid
1,182
2990500
89
This table shows that, Commodities have coming in the Kurduwadi
APMC, of onion (arrival 176388qls.) value of Rs. 147117800, jowar
(arrivals 38,901qls) value of Rs. 39645800, Maize (arrivals 108634qls)
value of Rs. 92339600, Gram / Chana (arrivals 9,453qls) value of Rs.
17391300 and also arrivals and its value of commodities.
The trend of the turn-over of trade in various regulated
commodities during 2007-08 to 2010-11 is given below:—
Table No. 2.29 Arrivals of commodities and its value
Sr.No.
1
2
3
4
Year
Arrivals (in quintals)
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
Value (in Rupees)
392583
408776
475580
355237
280827825
540144070
607738494
593887430
This table shows that, last four years commodities increasing –
decreasing arrivals in quintals and also value in rupees.
Table No. 2.30 Market Functionary and Fees of licenses
Sr.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Market functionaries
Number
General commission agents
Traders
Weighmen
Processors
Warehouseman
Hamals
Assistants
Total
90
Licence
fees rate
210
100
429
100
31
20
3
200
1
30
268
5
307
10
1249
This table shows that, there were in all 1249 market functionaries
in 2009-10, of whom 210 were commission agent, 31weighmen, 3
processors, 268 hamals, one warehouseman, 307 assistants and 429
traders.
Table No. 2.31 Financial position of the Market committee
Year
Income
Expenditure
Surplus
2007-08
8546321
6,640,369
1,905,952
2008-09
10693372
8,306,841
2,386,531
2009-10
14081946
10,541,180
3,540,766
This table shows that, business activities and its result for the years
from 2007-08 to 2009-10. The above figures show APMC’s last three
years financial position.
91
2.5.6 Agricultural Produce Market Committee Mangalwedha
The Mangalwedha Market Committee was established on 19th
May, 1965 at Mangalwedha. Besides Pandharpur, the market has trade
links with the markets in Sangli and Bijapur districts. Since its
establishment the committee has maintained steady development in
regard to the regulation of agricultural commodities.
The area of operations of the market committee extends over the
entire Mangalwedha taluka. The market committee is managed by the
executive committee of twenty one representatives, of whom fifteen are
agriculturists (eleven Farmers and four Grampanchayat), two traders, and
one each Hamal, Weighmen, Processing Santha’s and local authorities
and Government nominees.
The market committee has brought under its regulation the
following commodities, viz., groundnut (shelled and unshelled),
safflower, tur, gram, jowar, bajri, wheat, hulaga, mataki, castor seed,
sesamum, gur, cotton, chillis and maize. The number of market
functionaries in the market is given below:—
Table No. 2.32 Market Functionary and Fees of licenses
Sr.No
Market functionaries
Number
1
General commission agents
2
Traders
3
Licence fees rate
18
200
326
200
Weighmen
4
20
4
Processors
7
200
5
Warehouseman
1
30
6
Hamals
6
87
7
Assistants
10
41
Total
372
92
This table shows that, there were in all 372 market functionaries in
2009-10, of whom 18 were commission agent, 4 weighmen, 7 processors,
6 hamals, one warehouseman, 10 assistants and 326 traders.
Table No. 2.33 Arrivals of commodities and its value in the year
2009-10
Sr.
No
Commodity
Arrivals (in quintals)
Value (Rs.)
1
Jowar
30,410
29991000
2
Wheat
82,019
43940000
3
Vegitable
25,749
18816000
4
Paddy
36576
19810000
5
Tur
2,813
8391000
6
Gul
5262
2542000
7
Groundnut
638
2388000
8
Maize
11331
10103000
9
Gram/Chana
12,868
258730000
Bean
134
337000
10
This table shows that, Commodities have coming in the
Mangalwedha APMC, of wheat (arrival 82019qls.) value of Rs.
43940000,
jowar (arrivals 30,410qls) value of Rs. 29991000, paddy
(arrivals 36576qls) value of Rs. 19810000, Gram / Chana (arrivals
12,868qls) value of Rs. 258730000 and also arrivals and its value of
commodities.
The trend of turn-over of trade in regard to arrivals and value of
various regulated agricultural commodities is given below:—
Table No. 2.34 Arrivals of commodities and its value
Sr.No.
1
2
3
4
Year
Arrivals (in quintals)
Value (in Rupees)
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
8600
15000
18500
5900
865110
1282410
1471190
1092680
93
This table shows that, last four years commodities increasing –
decreasing arrivals in quintals and its value in rupees in 2007-08 to
2010-11.
The turn-over of various regulated agricultural commodities and cattle
trade.
Table No. 2.35 Financial position of the Market committee
Year
Income
Expenditure
Surplus
2007-08
1358212
909,750
448,462
2008-09
2447217
1,471,220
975,997
2009-10
2768703
1,578,785
1,189,918
This table shows that, business activities and its result for the years
from 2007-08 to 2009-10. The above figures show APMC’s last three
years financial position.
94
2.5.7 Agricultural Produce Market Committee Mohol:
The Mohol Agricultural Produce Market Committee was
established on 14th December, 1954, but its actual functioning started
from 1st January, 1956. The area of operation of the market committee
extends over 89 villages in the whole of Mohol taluka. However, this
market has not much scope for its development as a large quantity of
agricultural produce is diverted to other markets.
The market committee is managed by the executive committee of
twenty one representatives, of whom fifteen are agriculturists (eleven
Farmers and four Grampanchayat), two traders, and one each Hamal,
Weighmen, Processing Santha’s and local authorities and Government
nominees.
The important commodities regulated by this market committee are
jowar, bajri, wheat, maize, gram, tur, mug, safflower, gur, onions, chillis,
groundnut and cotton. Besides, the committee has brought cattle trade
under its regulation since 1968.
The area of the market-yard measures ten acres and 20 gunthas.
The market committee does not provide storage facility to agriculturists.
A few traders possess godowns of their own.
The total arrivals and value of various regulated commodities is given
below:—
95
Table No. 2.36 Arrivals of commodities and its value in the year
2009-10
Sr. No
Commodity
Arrivals (in quintals) Value (Rs.)
1
Jowar
3,930
5698500
2
Wheat
7,782
9928883
3
Maize
14336
12834640
4
Gram/Chana
2,927
8595804
5
Tur
28,941
37462577
This table shows that, Commodities have coming in the Mohol
APMC, of wheat (arrival 7,782qls.) value of Rs. 9928883, jowar (arrivals
3,930qls) value of Rs. 5698500, maize (arrivals 14336qls) value of Rs.
12834640, tur (arrivals 28,941qls) value of Rs. 37462577 and also
arrivals and its value of commodities.
The commodity-wise turn-over of all regulated of commodities and turnover at Mohol market.
Table No. 2.37 Arrivals of commodities and its value
Sr.No. Year
Arrivals (in quintals)
Value (in Rupees)
1
2007-08
21503
25878519
2
2008-09
31026
40277978
3
2009-10
28941
37462577
4
2010-11
26661
36926300
This table shows that, last four years commodities increasing –
decreasing arrivals in quintals and also value in rupees in 2007-08 to
2010-11.
96
The functionaries working on the market-yard are as under:—
Table No. 2.38 Market Functionary and Fees of licenses
Sr.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Market functionaries
Number
General commission agents
Traders
Weighmen
Processors
Warehouseman
Hamals
Assistants
Total
Lience fees rate
20
130
2
7
0
0
29
188
200
100
20
200
0
0
6
This table shows that, there were in all 188 market functionaries in
2009-10, of whom 20 were commission agent, 2 weighmen, 7 processors,
none of hamals and warehouseman, 29 assistants and 130 traders.
The income and expenditure of the market committee during the
period from 2007-08 to 2009-10 is given below:—
Table No. 2.39 Financial position of the Market committee
Year
Income
Expenditure
Surplus
2007-08
975673
96,033
879,640
2008-09
1580215
1,483,849
96,366
2009-10
1723939
1,623,617
100,322
This table shows that, business activities and its result for the years
from 2007-08 to 2009-10. The above figures show APMC’s last three
years financial position.
97
2.5.8 Agricultural Produce Market Committee Pandharpur
Pandharpur market committee was established on 1st July, 1947 but
actual working of market regulation was started from 1st January 1949.
This is one of the four important market committees in the district.
Pandharpur is also important because of the fact that the marketing
operations at the surrounding markets are very much dependent upon the
day-to-day operations in this market. Since the establishment of the
market committee, Pandharpur has developed into a very big market of
agricultural produce. The market-yard of Pandharpur is suitably located
as regards easy means of transport and communications. It is served by
the Latur-Miraj broad gauge line of the South-Central Railway, and many
important State highways.
The area of operation of the market committee extends over the
entire Pandharpur taluka with 105 villages. The market committee is
managed by the executive committee of twenty one representatives, of
whom
fifteen
are
agriculturists
(eleven
Farmers
and
four
Grampanchayat), two traders, and one each Hamal, Weighmen,
Processing Santha’s and local authorities and Government nominees.
The market committee has brought under its regulation almost all
agricultural commodities such as (1) groundnut (peanut, bold, ghungari),
(2) safflower, (3) tur (red, white and mixed), (4) gram (chafa, jada), (5)
jowar (maldandi, 35-1, sowarna and hybrid), (6) bajri, (7) wheat, (8)
kulthi (hulaga), (9) math (mataki), (10) castor seed, (11) sesamum, (12)
chillis (red), (13) gur, (14) paddy, (15) maize, (16) onions (white and
red), (17) sann hemp and (18) cotton. Besides, the market committee has
98
also regulated the trade of the following animals, viz., cows, bullocks, he
and she buffaloes, horses, sheep and goats.
The market-yard has enough land measuring forty acres and 23
gunthas for its market-yard at Pandharpur which it purchased for Rs.
45,359. The market committee has opened two sub-market yards at
Karkamb and Bhalwani. It spent about Rs. 3, 45,602 for providing
amenities for the agriculturists and traders.
The total number of market functionaries licensed by the
committee is given below:—
Table No. 2.40 Market Functionary and Fees of licenses
Sr. No
Market functionaries
1
2
General commission agents
Traders
3
4
Weighmen
Processors
5
6
7
Warehouseman
Hamals
Assistants
Total
Number
Licence fees Rate
162
356
100
100
20
13
10
100
1
40
111
15
2
5
703
This table shows that, there were in all 703 market functionaries in
2009-10, of whom 162 were commission agent, 20 weighmen, 13
processors, 40 hamals, one warehouseman, 111 assistants and 356
traders.
99
At present there are 175 godowns owned by various agencies such
as traders, general commission agents, banks and co-operative societies.
The following banks at Pandharpur provide banking facilities to the
traders:—
(1)
State Bank of India, (2) District Central Co-operative Bank,
(3) District Industrial Co-operative Bank, (4) Miraj State Bank, (5)
Bank of Baroda, (6) Merchants' Co-operative Bank, Pandharpur, and
(7) Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd., Pandharpur.
About 30 percent of the total produce is retained by the agriculturists,
and about 70 per cent is brought for sale. The import and export of
agricultural produce is done by motor transport as well as by railway.
Table No 2.41 Arrivals of commodities and its value in the year 200910
Sr. No Commodity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
This
Arrivals (in quintals)
Value (Rs.)
Jowar
62,766
67514800
Wheat
62,850
79123600
Banana
66,693
37804500
Plum
4327
259963700
Vegetables
2,378
54310300
Lamon
15385
17675400
Groundnut
1,613
5882000
Maize
153761
115375300
Gram/Chana
5,463
14480500
Pomegranat
128,443
267545800
table shows that, Commodities have arrivals in the
Pandharpur APMC, of maize (arrivals 153761qls) value of Rs.
115375300, Pomegranate (arrival 128,443qls.) value of Rs. 267545800,
jowar (arrivals 62,766qls) value of Rs. 67514800, wheat (arrivals
62,850qls) value of Rs. 79123600 and also arrivals and its value of
commodities.
100
The turn-over of trade at Pandharpur during 2007-08 to 2010-11 is shown
below:—
Table No. 2.42 Shows arrivals of commodities and its value
Sr.No.
Year
Arrivals (in quintals) Value (in Rupees)
1
2007-08
435474
310220280
2
2008-09
709696
856177300
3
2009-10
745896
1038143900
359502
1359096400
4
2010-11
This table shows that, the arrivals and value of various regulated
commodities during the years 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11.
This table shows that, last four years commodities increasing arrivals in
quintals and also value in rupees.
The financial position of the committee is given below:—
Table No. 2.43 Shows financial position of the Market committee
Year
Income
Expenditure
Surplus
2007-08
4614623
3,400,354
1,214,269
2008-09
10613247
6,524,023
4,089,224
2009-10
12007700
8,246,426
3,761,274
This table shows that, business activities and its result for the years
from 2007-08 to 2009-10. The above figures show APMC’s last three
years financial position.
The co-operative marketing societies have played an important role
in the regulation of trade at this market. There are four such co-operative
institutions at Pandharpur, the names of which are given below:—
(1) Pandharpur Taluka Sale and Purchase Union,
(2) Gadegaon Vividha Karyakari Seva Society,
(3) Patwardhan Kuroli Vividha Karyakari Seva Society, and
(4) Vyapari Committee, Pandharpur.
101
2.5.9 Agricultural Produce Market Committee Sangola
The Agricultural Produce Market Committee at Sangola was
established on 1st December, 1962. Sangola is situated within the constant
famine belt. This factor has reduced its importance as a centre of trade in
agricultural commodities. It is, however, one of the biggest cattle markets
in Maharashtra, and is very famous for the trading of bullocks of the
Khilar breed. The Latur-Miraj broad gauge line of the South-Central
Railway serves the transport needs of this market.
The area of operation of the market committee extends over the
entire Sangola taluka. The market committee is managed by the executive
committee of twenty one representatives, of whom fifteen are
agriculturists (eleven Farmers and four Grampanchayat), two traders, and
one each Hamal, Weighmen, Processing Santha’s and local authorities
and Government nominees. The committee was initially formed in 1962.
The market committee has regulated the trade in agricultural
commodities as also cattle trade. The regulated commodities are
groundnut (shelled and unshelled), safflower, tur, jowar, bajri, hulaga,
matki, wheat, chillis, gur, castor seed, sesamum, cotton (ginned and
unginned), gram, paddy, maize, sannhemp, onion, and cattle such as
cows, goats, bullocks, buffaloes and sheep.
The market committee has purchased land admeasuring 42 acres
where the market-yard is located.
About 70 percent of the total produce is retained by the
agriculturists, while only 30 percent is handled at the market-yard. The
destination of exports and the transport charges from Sangola to various
places by motor-truck.
The number of licensed market functionaries at Sangola market is
given below:—
102
Table No. 2.44 Market Functionary and Fees of licenses
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Market functionaries
Licence
rate
Number
General commission agents
Traders
Weighmen
Processors
Warehouseman
Hamals
Assistants
Total
44
201
4
4
1
66
0
320
fees
200
200
30
200
30
6
0
This table shows that, there was in all 320 market functionaries in
2009-10, of who 44 commission agent, 4 weighmen, 4 processors, 66
hamals, one warehouseman, none of assistants and 201 traders.
Sufficient storage facilities are available at this market. The
Maharashtra Warehousing Corporation has also built a godown at
Sangola. Besides, the various banks, co-operative societies, individual
traders and general commission agents have also built godowns of their
own. There are in all 65 godowns at Sangola owned by various agencies.
The trend of turn-over of trade was more or less steady during the
period from 1964-65 to 1968-69 which can be seen from the following
figures:—
Table No. 2.45 Arrivals of commodities and its value
Sr. No. Year
1
2
3
4
Arrivals (in quintals) Value (in Rupees)
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
19541
23719
17229
24972
103
10688671
34713395
18298938
62088283
This table shows that, last four years commodities increasing
arrivals in quintals and its value in rupees.
The
commodity-wise
total
arrivals
of
various
regulated
commodities and their value and the turn-over of cattle.
Table No.2.46 Arrivals of commodities and its value in the year 200910
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
This
Commodity
Arrivals (in quintals) Value (Rs.)
Jowar
1,799
1697511
Wheat
85
296630
Bajari
200
180803
Groundnut
60
142800
Live Stock/ Cattle
616,434
230925000
Maize
14548
12688519
Gram/Chana
15
32273
Vegitable
5698
3092000
table shows that, Commodities have coming in the Sangola
APMC. It has famous for livestock/ cattle market in the western
Maharashtra. Livestock / cattle market has opened at every Sunday, its
(arrivals 616,434qls) value of Rs. 230925000, Maize (arrival 14548qls.)
value of Rs. 12688519, jowar (arrivals 1,799qls) value of Rs. 1697511,
and also arrivals and its value of commodities.
Table No. 2.47 Financial position of the Market committee
Year
Income
Expenditure
Surplus
2007-08
2235473
1,346,685
888,788
2008-09
4649265
2,592,938
2,056,327
2009-10
4765002
3,418,503
1,346,499
This table shows that, business activities and its result for the years
from 2007-08 to 2009-10. The above figures show APMC’s last three
years financial position.
104
2.5.10 Agricultural Produce Market Committee Solapur
The Agricultural Produce Market Committee at Solapur was
established on 12th August, 1959 but the actual functioning of the same
was started from 17th April, 1961. The Solapur market is one of the
biggest wholesale markets in Maharashtra State. It has various advantages
as a commercial, centre in South Maharashtra. It is served by good
railway and road transport facilities. The Mumbai-Chennai railway line of
the South-Central Railway as well as the National and State highways
have brought the city into close contact with distant trade centers in
Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh States. A considerable produce from
Osmanabad district is also brought to Solapur for sale.
The area of operation of the market committee extends over two
talukas, viz., South and North Solapur. The market committee is managed
by the executive committee of twenty one representatives, of whom
fifteen are agriculturists (eleven Farmers and four Grampanchayat), two
traders, and one each Hamal, Weighmen, Processing Santha’s and local
authorities and Government nominees.
The committee has regulated the following commodities:—
groundnut (shelled and unshelled), linseed, tur, mug, udid, gram, jowar,
wheat, bajri, rice, jod, chillis, gur, cotton, onions, bananas, betel-leaves,
maize, mataki, turmeric, til, karale, dhane and cattle such as goats, sheep,
she and he buffaloes, cows, bullocks and horses.
The market committee has sufficient land for its market yard. In
1967 it purchased 105 acres of land for a new market yard and invested
Rs. 2 corers for development activities.
105
The number of each category of market functionaries in the year
2009-10 is given below:—
Table No. 2.48 Market Functionary and Fees of licenses
Sr.No
Market functionaries
Number Licence fees rate
1
General commission agents
424
Rs. 100
2
Traders
861
Rs. 100
3
Weighmen
205
Rs. 10
4
Processors
143
Rs. 100
5
Warehouseman
1
Rs. 15
6
Hamals
628
Rs. 2
7
Assistants
472
Rs. 5
Total
2734
This table shows that, there were in all 2734 market functionaries
in 2009-10, of whom 424 were commission agent, 205 weighmen, 143
processors, 628 hamals, one warehouseman, 472 assistants and 861
traders.
The market committee has introduced the commercial grading
system since 1963 and has a unit of five graders.
The Maharashtra State Warehousing Corporation has built four
godowns on the market yard, the storage capacity of each of them being
72,000 bags. The number of godowns owned by private traders is 74.
There are a number of financial agencies such as branches of all the
leading nationalized banks and co-operative banks which cater to the
needs of market finance. The financial position of the market committee
is given below:—
106
Table No. 2.49 Financial position of the Market committee
Year
Income
Expenditure
Surplus
2007-08
31382428
24,025,970
7,356,458
2008-09
65590159
46,641,465
18,948,694
2009-10
81450411
51,230,193
30,220,218
This table shows that, business activities and its result for the years
from 2007-08 to 2009-10. The above figures show APMC’s last three
years financial position.
The co-operative marketing societies have contributed towards the
development of Solapur market. There are five marketing societies doing
trade activities and five associations of traders holding the licenses of the
market committee. The names of the marketing societies and associations
of traders at Solapur are given below:—
(1) Oilseeds Dealers' Association,
(2) Adat Sangh,
(3) Gul Adat Vyapari Association,
(4) Kasturba Market Traders' Association,
(5) Laxmi Market Traders' Association,
(6) North Solapur Sale and Purchase Union,
(7) South Solapur Sale and Purchase Union,
(8) Umarga Taluka Kharedi-Vikri Sangh,
(9) Tuljapur Taluka Kharedi-Vikri Sangh, and
(10) Boramani Vividha Karyakari Seva Sahakari Society
107
The market committee has arranged for publicity of market rates of
important regulated commodities.
The trend of total arrivals and value of all commodities is given
below:—
Table No. 2.50 Arrivals of commodities and its value
Sr. No. Year
Arrivals (in quintals)
Value (in Rupees)
1
2007-08
3451696
2102711691
2
2008-09
6525851
6087073144
3
2009-10
7936337
5416315581
This table shows that, last three years commodities have increasing
arrivals in quintals and its value in rupees.
The statistical information regarding the total arrivals and value of
regulated of commodities and monthly turn-over of cattle trade.
Table No. 2.51 Arrivals of commodities and its value in the year
2009-10
Sr. No Commodity
Arrivals (in quintals) Value (Rs.)
Jowar
134,616
131777700
1
Wheat
106,689
171221440
2
Onion
3,667,300
1966050780
3
Paddy
549381
1256356665
4
Potatto
310,012
254220748
5
Bengan
18624
12510066
6
Geen Chilli
21,411
18091679
7
Maize
13168
10841489
8
Gram/Chana 20,878
41219868
9
Bean
5,479
23148546
10
This table shows that, Commodities have coming in the Solapur
APMC onion (arrivals 3,667,300qls) value of Rs. 1966050780, potato
(arrival 310,012qls.) value of Rs. 254220748, paddy (arrivals 549381qls)
value of Rs. 1256356665, and also arrivals and its value of commodities.
108
2.6 The
Maharashtra
agricultural
Produce
Marketing
(Development and Regulation) Act-1963
The establishment of Maharashtra state is in 1960 and the object of
the legislation was to secure better prices to the cultivator, fairer
weighment and freedom from illegal deductions. The Royal commission
on Agriculture found the Mumbai Act to be decidedly an improvement
over the Berar legislation in many directions and emphasized the need
for special legislation to secure the tree-fold benefits mentioned in the
Mumbai Act. They further recommended that the law should be
extended to include other agricultural products as well, particularly cash
or money crops. Such regulated markets were, in the opinion of the
commission, useful also to the purchasers of various agricultural
commodities.
2.7 Legislation of other than the Agricultural Produce Market
Committee:
In India attention to the improvement of marketing was paid only
about 60 years ago with the publication of the Report of the Royal;
Commission on Agricultural. The Commission in the Report said: ‘The
marketing of produce is such an important matter from a cultivator’s
point of view that we consider that an expert marketing officer should be
appointed to the staff of the Agricultural Department in all major
provinces.” As a result of these recommendations a Central organization
which was called the office of the Agricultural Marketing Adviser to the
Government of India was set up in 1934.
109
i. Grading and Standardization:
Grading and Standardization enable the produce of goods quality to
the exported and also for use internal consumption, grades and standards
of quality and appropriate trademarks have been developed under the
Agricultural Producer (Grading and Marketing) Act, 1937. The
agricultural products are graded under the trade mark ‘AGMARK’ to
ensure that grading is done properly. The inspecting staff is maintained
under the Agricultural Marketing Adviser and under this supervision is
maintained during processing, packing and labeling. The commodities for
export compulsorily graded (under sea customs Act, 1962) are
unmanufactured produce. (Tobacco, goat hair, vegetables, chilies, onions
etc)
ii. Regulation and Control of Market charges:
Regulation and Control of Market charges to regulate and control
market charges and to penalize the merchants who levy more than the
prescribed charges, legislation has been enacted in all the states, to
provide against unhealthy speculation, forward trading in agricultural
commodities being regulated under the Forward Contracts Regulations
Act, 1952. The Forward Market Commission was created in 1953 for
enforcing the provisions of the Act. Under this they established forwards
markets in raw cotton, jute, groundnut oil and coconut oil etc.
Standard Weights and Measures Act: This act is to avoid
manipulations in prices to the disadvantage of the seller, and for easy
understanding price quotations in various markets that enforced
the
Standards Weight Act 1939 and the Metric Systems of Measures Act
1958. These Acts are made compulsory throughout the country.
110
iii. Storage and Warehousing:
The warehousing needed in the agricultural product is emphasized
by the Reserve Bank of India in the year 1944. But the establishment of
warehouses took place only after the enactment of the Agricultural
Produce (Development and Warehousing) co-operation Act, 1956. The
warehouse provides facilities to the traders as well as to the Producers.
The act provided for the establishment of central warehousing
corporation and state warehousing corporations in each State except the
State of Jammu and Kashmir. The Central warehousing corporation
started functioning in July 1957. A number of state warehousing
corporations were constituted in July 1957.
There were only 266 state warehouses in 1960-61 and storage
capacity of the State warehousing was only 2.78 lakh tonnes. It increased
to about 15.5 million tonnes in 1990-91.
Agricultural related act passed in 1931-33. The purpose of this act
was a happy combination of state control and producer’s initiative and
co-operation.
These producer controlled boards have been given
regulated and trading powers. This power motivates an agricultural cooperation research and education.
The Minister of Agricultural stated, in the house of Commons in
November, 1945, that the objective of government policy was to
promote a healthy and efficient agriculture, capable of producing that
part of the nation’s food which is required from home sources at the
lowest price consistent with the provision of adequate remuneration and
decent living conditions for farmers and workers, with a reasonable
return on capital invested.
111