Adapted from: M. Morrison Describe how each of Alexis de Tocqueville’s five values are important to U.S. Democracy. 3. Populism —Popular Sovereignty— 4. Egalitarianism 2. Individualism 1. Laissez-Faire —Equality— Alexis de Tocqueville said these values are crucial to America’s success. 5. Liberty —Free enterprise— Then, what is the importance of Democratic Process—Civic Responsibility? “Building a More Perfect Union” Lobbying: Non-violent protest: Litigation: Amendments: 2 Founding Fathers’ Line-up 1. Explain the significance of these Founding Fathers to the formation of the United States. Create a symbol to help you remember the last 6 people. Benjamin Rush John Hancock John Jay John Witherspoon John Peter Muhlenberg Charles Carroll Jonathan Trumbull, Sr. John Locke George Washington Thomas Jefferson 3 Charters of Freedom Declaration of Independence Constitution When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Bill of Rights The Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added. Amendment V No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. We hold these truths to be self‐evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.‐‐That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, ‐‐That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government In your own words… In your own words… In your own words… Importance… Importance… Importance… 4 Principles of the U.S. Protections of Constitution the Bill of Rights Checks & Balances Explain in your own words that reflects the meaning 1 Freedom of________________ religion Fill in the blanks assembly press petition Federalism 2 right to bear ______________________ 3 no quartering of troops 4 no unreasonable ____________________ and _________________________ Separation of Powers 5 no self-incrimination no double jeopardy grand jury eminent domain. . . the government can take over _____________ with just compensation 6 trial by __________________________ right to a _______________________ speedy trial Limited Government 7 trial by jury (civil cases) Republicanism 8 no cruel and unusual ________________ Popular Sovereignty 9 rights of the people are not limited to those in the Constitution Individual Rights 10 all powers not specified in the Constitution are given to the ________________________ 5 What was Manifest Destiny? What was the Klondike Gold Rush? How did this change demographic patterns? Homestead Act: made land available to settlers. What impact did this have on settlement of the West? How did mining impact western expansion? Railroads: What impact did the railroad industry have on settlement? What role did ranchers play in western expansion? (cattle industry boom) Which Railway connected east with the west? Indian Wars: much conflict erupted as settlement pushed westward. What did the U.S. government do to attempt to solve the conflict? Farm Issues: Explain the Dawes Act: List challenges of the frontier— Eventual economic problems— Barbed wire impact— Populists—3rd party movement that tried to address farmers’ problems 6 What are some characteristics of the time? POLITICAL MACHINES Who was the famous political boss of Tammany Hall, NYC? _______________ Corruption Bribery BUSINESS Free enterprise, laissez-faire government and abundant resources caused — ____________________________________ Led to growth of industry / corporations / trusts / monopolies Entrepreneurs o Andrew W. Carnegie - Gospel of Wealth (philanthropy) o John Rockefeller – Standard Oil List workplace abuses— o Why was this called the Gilded Age? o What was Social Darwinism? IMMIGRATION Push factors? ________________________ Pull factors? ________________________ New immigrants from southern/eastern Europe What was nativism? ________________________ Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)— What was the economic impact? _________________________ Social Gospel – Christian value that motivated social reform efforts (ex. Salvation Army) What was Americanization? URBANIZATION Rural to urban-Why did people move? Rapid growth brought problems: o Overcrowding o Sanitation problems o Tenements o Infrastructure o Corruption TECHNOLOGY Elevator Telephone/telegraph Oil drilling Bessemer Process Electricity How did technology impact business? ________________________ ________________________ 7 Instructions: Trace the problems to the reform and then explain the impact. Progressive Era Reforms Problem Economic 1. Monopolies/trusts 2. Banks Muckraker Ida Tarbell Reform Theodore Roosevelt 3. Laissez-faire government Woodrow Wilson Business regulation: o Interstate Commerce Act o Sherman Anti-Trust Act o Clayton Anti-Trust Federal Reserve Act 1913—Established the Federal Reserve System to help with economic issues 16th Amendment— o Social 1. Civil Rights 2. Suffrage 3. Working conditions 4. Living conditions NAACP 19th Amendment Susan B. Anthony Jane Addams, Jacob Riis Settlement houses Initiative— Booker T. Washington 5. Consumer safety Upton Sinclair wrote —The Jungle Political 1. Government corruption 2. Amendments Lincoln Steffens Robert La Follette Environment 1. Abuse of natural _______________________ _______________________Tax Ida B. Wells W.E.B. DuBois Elizabeth Cady Stanton Teddy Roosevelt John Muir What impact did the reform have? Education Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and ___________ Act Labor Unions — AFL, Knights of Labor Recall— Referendum— Direct Primary— 17th Amendment— Civil Service Reform— National Park Service Act National Park System 8 American Imperialism From Isolationism to Expansionism Why? Examples: Military Annexation of Hawaii o Alfred T. Mahan argued for a strong o Sanford B. Dole o Missionaries ______________________________ in his book “Influence of Sea Power Upon History” o Protection of territories o Refueling ports Economic/Political o Need for raw materials and o Military Port Commodore Perry opens Japan to trade Henry Cabot Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt pushed for expansionism— what is that? markets. o Open Door Policy— U.S. declares continued trade with _____________. How was this different from previous U.S. foreign policy? o Boxer Rebellion o Dollar Diplomacy— Taft’s idea to give _____________________support to other countries. Panama Canal o Huge undertaking that Theodore o Roosevelt Corollary— justified Roosevelt oversaw sending U.S. troops to intervene in o Improved trade and military Central America. movement Social o Malaria/challenges of geography o Spread of American institutions o Missionary zeal Think About It: How did these events move the U.S. into the position as a world power? 9 Who? U.S. vs. Spain When? 1898 ___________________ is sent Where? Havana, __________________ San Juan Hill Victory of Rough Riders led by ____________________ Philippines to Cuba to protect U.S. interests Yellow journalism—Pulitzer and Hearst newspapers used this exaggerated form of journalism Explodes and seen as an attack on the U.S. Spanish American War Review this short war and its impact by filling in the blanks Why? USS Maine sinks and How? Media— Yellow journalism increases support Land— U.S. fought Spain in Cuba and the Philippines the U.S. blames __________________ DéLome Letter calls President McKinley weak, Americans are __________________________ Sea— U.S. defeats ________________ quickly Significance U.S. acquired territory from Spain—Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines Platt Amendment— U.S. could intervene in Cuba What was the result? Why is this war considered a turning point? __________________________ 10 Who? Effects of Technological Innovations Technological Innovations? President Wilson initially declared neutrality Alliances: ______________ vs. _______________ American Expeditionary Forces Western Front— hundreds of miles Trench warfare … led to a Stalemate led to … of battle front along eastern France (AEF) led by_____________________ Argonne Forest one of the most famous battles (1918)because __________________________________ Alvin York won the_________ ___ of Honor Massive casualties When? _____________________ Another Turning Point! World War I—Why is this a Turning Point? Causes? Reasons for United States Entry M____________: When____________________ A____________: Lusitania is sunk I_____________: Germany’s unrestricted ____________________ warfare N____________: Ties to Allies Z _______________Telegram Assassination of ________________ Sussex Pledge Significance Treaty of Versailles— Germany reparations and accept guilt Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points created League of _______________ Great Migration Selective Service Act U.S. returns to isolationism International instability Espionage Act of 1917/Sedition Act restricted freedom of ________ 11 The Roaring Twenties (The Great American Mullet) Instructions: Fill in the importance of each of the following: “Business in the Front” “Change in the Back” POLITICAL “Return to Normalcy” — President Harding’s SOCIAL—modernism v. traditionalism Adventure— reduced role of U.S. government / laissez-faire o Charles Lindbergh— policies o Glenn Curtiss — Aviation Pioneer that Harding & Teapot Dome Scandal was 1st to design seaplane that could take off and land on water 18TH Amendment—Prohibition of Alcohol 19th Amendment— 21st Amendment— ECONOMIC $Economic Boom—How did these impact the economy? $Mass Production/Assembly Line Changing Role of Women— o o o Women’s Rights Movement Cultural Values— o Prohibition Organized Crime o $Laissez-Faire SOCIAL o Red Scare/Sacco-Vanzetti— o Growth of nativism o Immigration Quota/Citizenship Act of 1924 o Eugenics o Great Migration influenced culture o Social Darwinism-survival of the fittest applied to society and business Scopes “Monkey” Trial— clash between traditionalism and modernism over teaching evolution. Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan $Henry Ford $Buying-on-Credit Flappers Frances Willard — Temperance Movement Art, Music & Literature o o Jazz Age – birth of new music Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes Marcus Garvey o Tin Pan Alley— o Lost Generation —F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby; Ernest Hemingway; Sinclair Lewis 12 Great Depression to New Deal America’s Road to Recovery 1920’s Review this information by completing the blanks and questions. Warning Signs— Overproduction Speculation and _________________________on margin Buying on credit Bad banking practices Federal trade policies What was Black Tuesday? 1930’s 1929 Immediate reactions— People who invested in stock market couldn’t repay loans Bank runs/failures Reduced demand for goods/unemployment Hoover— Rugged____________________________ Believed government involvement should be limited Reconstruction Finance Corp. Mexican Repatriation Act— Hoover passed act to send Mexican American immigrants to their home country Hoovervilles Effects of the Great Depression—no safety net at the time Widespread unemployment Business failures Foreclosures Homelessness – hobos Americans looked to government to solve economic problems Dust Bowl— Where? Why? Impact? Dorothea Lange—photographer who captured the difficulties FDR is elected (1932)— Promised a New Deal- turning point in government involvement in the economy “Fireside Chats” reassured Americans Eleanor Roosevelt —political activist Frances Perkins – 1st female U.S. Cabinet member as Secretary of Labor New Deal provided— Relief—bank holiday—CCC, PWA, WPA, (Alphabet Soup) programs Recovery —support production Reform—FDIC; Security Exchange Commission; Social Security Act Opposition— A number of people were critical of FDR’s New Deal including constitutional challenges that the federal government was overstepping its power FDR’s Court-packing— FDR plan to add appointed justices to the Supreme Court to vote in favor of New Deal Viewed as challenge to separation of powers New Monetary Policy— Moved from gold standard to fiat (paper) money to expand money supply and stimulate economy 13 FDR’s NEW DEAL Instructions: What is important about the following— Relief Recovery Reform (Short-term) (Stimulus) (Systematic) Is like — Is like — Is like — Bank Holiday: National Recovery Administration: Social Security Administration: Securities & Exchange Commission: Emergency Mortgage Loans: Work Relief Programs: Agricultural Adjustment Administration: Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.: Tennessee Valley Authority: Decreased spending Decreased wages Increased spending Increased employment Increased wages All of these are in effect today! Unemployment 14 European Theatre American Home Front: Isolationism to War Adolf Hitler— Benito Mussolini— Neutrality Acts/Lend Lease Act— Joseph Stalin— Hideki Tojo— Roosevelt— Dictatorship— Flying Tigers— Appeasement— Aggression— Bataan Death March— Pearl Harbor— Winston Churchill— Island Hopping— Executive Order 9066 + Internment Camps— Fascism— Navajo Code Talkers— Office of War Information + Propaganda— George Patton— Chester Nimitz— War bonds, rationing, victory gardens— Dwight Eisenhower Douglas Macarthur— Volunteering/patriotism— Omar Bradley George Marshall— Enlist— D-Day Invasion & Normandy— Battle of Midway Mobilization— Tuskegee Airmen— Atomic bombs dropped Vernon J. Baker— Holocaust— U.S. entry— Liberation of concentration camps— Pacific Theatre 15 A Battle of Ideology Political Characteristics: Economic Characteristics: COLD WAR Who was involved? United States/ Western Europe U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union) U.S. Responses: Add the significance of each. Soviet Responses: Truman Doctrine — Warsaw Pact— Containment Policy — Satellite Nations — Marshall Plan — Iron Curtain — NATO/Collective Security — Berlin Wall — Political Characteristics: Economic characteristics: Domino Theory — Eisenhower Doctrine — 16 UNITED STATES How did life change? Space Race— Education Priorities— Europe Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift Berlin Wall Moon Landing— China SOVIET UNION Sputnik—1957 TURNING POINT! Ignites Space Race Mao Zedong — What happened in 1949? Arms Race Breakup of U.S.S.R. Korea Arms Race— Red-Scare— HUAC— Korean War Joseph McCarthy— Reasons: Rosenberg Trials— Outcomes: Venona Papers— Détente— Star Wars— Vietnam—What Presidents’ Views? Truman—containment Eisenhower—domino theory Kennedy—flexible response Johnson—domino theory CUBA Fidel Castro—Which form of government? Domino Theory— Gulf of Tonkin Resolution— Escalation/combat— Roy Benavidez— Bay of Pigs Invasion—Why? Tet Offensive— Nixon—détente/normalization Ford—détente was the importance of each? Cuban Missile Crisis—What happened? Anti-War Movement— Carter—negotiation/human rights Vietnamization— Reagan—Regan Doctrine Fall of Saigon— Bush—End of the Cold War War Powers Resolution— 17 1950’s Conformity Post-War prosperity led to economic growth for many Americans and pursuit of the American dream. What caused this prosperity? Baby Boom — What was the impact? Housing Boom Growth of the— ______________________ Transportation— Interstate Highway Act GI Bill/Servicemen’s Readjustment Act provided— Low cost mortgages Money for college What impact did this have? Migration Business Growth — Franchises (McDonalds) Levittown Communication (TV) Science — Polio & Measles vaccine Increased consumption/spending Economic prosperity More leisure time Religious resurgence— ”E Pluribus Unum” motto meaning—out of many comes one—became official in 1956 “In God We Trust” national motto adopted in 1956 Growth of churches Advances in surgery Fear of Communism Non-Conformist Ideas Beat Generation Pop Culture— Rock & Roll Jack Kerouac Rebelled against conformity 1950’s 18 INSTRUCTIONS: Review the events by providing the importance of each. Legislation/Landmark Court Cases Civil War Amendments: th 13 — Legislation (cont.) Hernandez v. Texas (1954) — Events Founding of NAACP (1909)—W.E.B. DuBois — Brown v. Board of Education (1954) — Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-56)— 14th — Civil Rights Act of 1957 — Little Rock Nine (1957) — 15th — Civil Rights Act of 1964 — Sit-Ins (1960-61) — 24th Amendment — Freedom Rides (1961)— Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) — Mendez v. Westminster (1947) — Executive Order 9981, (1948) — Delgado v. Bastrop ISD (1948) — Sweatt v. Painter (1950) — (prohibited poll taxes in federal elections) 1965 Voting Rights Act — Affirmative Action (1965) — Edgewood ISD v. Kirby (1984) — James Meredith (`1962)— Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963)March on Washington (1963) — Selma March (1965) — 19 Civil Rights Movement INSTRUCTIONS: Review the different approaches and leadership of various reform efforts by completing the organizer Hispanic American African Americans Women Americans Indian Martin Luther King, Jr. Malcolm X Views — Black Panthers Betty Friedan wrote — Views — Civil Disobedience — Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta led the United — ________________ _______________ (UFW) o Boycotts American Indian Movement (AIM) — Alcatraz Wounded Knee National Organization for Women (NOW) Influenced by — Gathered widespread support by — Influenced by — Community –based political organization— Gloria Steinem — Ms Magazine Hector P. Garcia started GI Forum for — _______________ rights. Roe v. Wade (1973) legalized — Famous Quotes/Speeches ________________ LULAC — Leaders— Introduced term Native American Equal Pay Act — Turning Point — o Assassinated 1968 Assassinated 1965 Title IX (1972) — La Raza Unida — Chicano Mural Movement — and brought attention to discrimination and bias 20 Winds of Social Change (1960’s) Connect the kite with the correct photo and then add a caption Then complete the information in each kite. 21 Report Card on the 1970s Presidents President Example: Nixon-R Describe the topic or event Détente Nixon’s foreign policy to relax Cold War tension with the Soviet Union and China through diplomacy Nixon Normalization in Relations with China Nixon First Amendment Rights Give them a Grade A Tinker v. Des Moines (1968) — Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) — Nixon Environmental Protection Act (EPA) & Endangered Species Act Nixon Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Nixon War Powers Act Nixon Fall of Saigon Nixon Watergate Scandal Ford-R Pardon of Nixon Carter-D Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Department of Energy Carter Community Reinvestment Act Carter Panama Canal Treaty Carter Camp David Accords Carter Iran Hostage Crisis 22 Ronald Reagan George Bush Republican (1981-1989) Republican (1989-1993) What is significant about the Supported by social conservatives —Phyllis Schlafly, led opposition to ERA Won using conservative ideas (remember Goldwater 1964) and optimism What was Reaganomics? Americans with Disabilities Act? What signifies the end of the Cold War? What was “Peace through Strength”? How was the U.S. involved in the IranContra Affair? o When? Why did the U.S. get involved in the Persian Gulf War? Why were U.S. Marines in Lebanon? People moving from Rust Belt region Appointed Sandra Day O’Connor first woman to U.S. Supreme Court (1981) Moral Majority to the Sunbelt region Heritage Foundation Conservative lobby group Conservative think tank Formed by television evangelist Jerry Falwell Promoted free enterprise, civil rights, limited government and strong national defense Opposed ERA National Rifle Association After assassinations in the 1960s the Gun Control Act of 1968 NRA became more active and was a conservative political group supporting 2nd Amendment Rights 23 Economic Issues Political Issues Social Issues Bill Clinton 1993-2001 George W. Bush 2001-2009 Attempted health care reform with Hillary Clinton leading task force – did not pass Congress Financial Crisis of 2008 led to— Supported welfare reform, lower taxes, and stricter crime prevention measures Fear of financial failures GATT — Changed to World Trade Organization Emergency Economic Stabilization Act NAFTA— impacted trade in__________ Ross Perot —3rd party candidates can impact elections Home foreclosures Barack Obama 2009-2017 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 gave economic stimulus Banking and credit reform (2008) gave billions of dollars to prevent banks and businesses from failing 2000 Election — what was unique? 2008 Election Turning Point – First African American President 2001 Terrorist Attack — Turning Point Contract with America was supported by __________________ proposed by Newt U.S. Patriot Act created to— Gingrich, Republican Speaker of the House War on Terror —Iraq Balkan Crisis —Afghanistan Scandal led to impeachment (formal accusation) by the House of Affordable Care Act Appointed _________________ 1st Hispanic American to U.S. Supreme Court No Child Left Behind was created to — Appointed— _____________________________ as Secretary of State _____________________________ Hurricane Katrina caused by natural ______________________ vote did not remove the president disaster and human factors (levee failure, Influence of Oprah Winfrey delayed rescue) 24 Technological Innovation Globalization How have these improved business and American’s standard of living? How have these encouraged globalization? Satellites— Internet— Cell phones— Growth of multi-national corporations— How does free enterprise impact the creation of discoveries in the U.S.? Personal computers— Robotics— Business Marketplace Energy needs— Just-in-time inventory management— Information technology— Genetic engineering— American culture— What contribution have these entrepreneurs made to the United States? Bill Gates— Sam Walton— Esteé Lauder— Lionel Sosa— Robert Johnson— Oprah Winfrey— Can I quote you on that? American Imperialism Progressive Era “But today we are raising more than we can consume. Today we are making more than we can use…There are more workers than there is work. We do not need more money – we need more circulation, more employment. Therefore, we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our labor…” – Senator Albert J. Beveridge, 1898 “…In the barrels would be dirt and rust and old nails and stale water— and cartload after cartload of it would be taken up and dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat, and sent out to the public's breakfast. Some of it they would make into "smoked" sausage—but as the smoking took time, and was therefore expensive; they would call upon their chemistry department, and preserve it with borax and color it with gelatin to make it brown. All of their sausage came out of the same bowl, but when they came to wrap it they would stamp some of it "special," and for this they would charge two cents more a pound.” – The Jungle, Upton Sinclair How does this passage relate to the topic of American Imperialism? World War I World War II Civil Rights Movement “I object in the strongest possible way to having the United States agree, directly or indirectly, to be controlled by a league [of nations] which may at any time…,be drawn in to deal with internal conflicts in other countries…We should never allow the United States to be involved in any internal conflict in another country.” – Senator Henry Cabot Lodge “…The Director of the War Relocation Authority is authorized and directed to formulate an effectuate [implement] a program for the removal, from the areas designated from time to time by the Secretary of War or appropriate military commander under the authority of Executive Order No. 9066 of February 19, 1942, of the persons or classes of persons designated under such Executive Order, and for their relocation, maintenance, and supervision…” – Executive Order 9102, 1942 “One may want to ask: ‘How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?’ The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that "an unjust law is no law at all.” – Letter from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. In your own words… In your own words… #14: “A general association of nations must be formed.” – Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points In your own words… What impact did this book have on American society? What might someone say if they opposed the point‐of‐view in the above passage? How are these documents related to the words – isolationism and neutrality? What constitutional issues are raised by the passage of Executive Order 9066? What impact did this letter have on the Civil Rights Movement? 26 Great American Quilt Directions: For each quilt square, add the time period or era and then any historical information you know. f 27 Great American Quilt 28 Great American Quilt 29
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