Section 6.2
1.Constantinople was easy to defend, being surrounded by water
on three sides, and it lay at the crossroads of many sea and
overland trade routes linking east and west.
2. Create your postcard on your own following the instructions
on teachtci.com
Section 6.3
1. Large parts of the city were ruined when fighting in the
Hippodrome between the Blues and Greens escalated into a rebellion.
2. New bridges, public baths, parks, roads, and hospitals were built. In
addition, the Hagia Sophia was built.
3. Under Justinian’s direction, a committee studied thousands of laws
inherited from the Roman Empire and revised those that were
outdated or confusing. They also made some revisions, such as
expanding women’s property rights. By doing so, they created a code
that served as the basis for many legal codes in the western world.
Section 6.4
1. Religion and government were closely linked. The emperor was
both the head of the government and the living representative of Jesus
Christ.
2. Many Orthodox Christians believe icons could bring them closer to
God. Jesus, or the Pantocrator, holding a Gospel and giving a blessing,
rules over everything, according to Eastern Orthodox belief. St. Cyril
helped create the Cyrillic alphabet, which allowed scholars to
translate the Bible for people in the Byzantine Empire.
Section 6.5
Date
People Involved
Event That Led to Result of the
the Disagreement Disagreement
730 C.E.
Emperor Leo III
Leo III bans the
and Pope Gregory use of religious
III
images in
Christian
churches and
homes, leading to
a policy of
iconoclasm.
The pope,
angered by Leo’s
ban,
excommunicates
the emperor.
800 C.E.
Pope Leo III,
Empress Irene, and
Charlemagne
The pope’s action
outrages the
Byzantines who feel
their empress is the
rightful ruler of the
Roman Empire
Pope Leo III refuses
to recognize
Empress Irene as the
ruler of the
Byzantine Empire
because she is a
woman, he crowns
Charlemagne as Holy
Roman emperor
1054 C.E.
Cerularius, Pope Leo Patriarch Cerularius
IX, Cardinal Humbert closes all churches
that worship with
western rites. In
response, Cardinal
Humbert, on the
pope’s orders,
excommunicates
Cerularius, who in
return
excommunicates the
cardinal.
The schism is final,
and future attempts
to heal the division
are ineffective.