NAME_____________________________ DATE__________________ PERIOD__________
Use pages 99-123 to answer the following questions. Answer the questions in complete sentences and make sure
to be detailed in your answers. The answers will serve as your study guide for the next quiz.
WHAT IMPACT DID ISLAM HAVE ON ARAB NOMADS THROUHOUT THE ARABIAN PENINSULA DURING THE LIFE OF MUHAMMAD?
Islam brought order, justice, and hope of heaven into their lives.
WHO WAS ABU BAKR? WHAT DID HE DO TO REASSURE MUSLIMS AFTER MUHAMMAD’S DEATH? WHAT DID MUSLIM LEADERS SELECT HIM AS?
Abu Bakr was Muhammad’s father-in-law. He reassured Muslims by saying that worshiping God means you’re worshiping someone who lives forever. Muslim
leaders selected him as Muhammad’s successor.
DESCRIBE ABU BAKR’S TWO YEAR REIGN AS MUHAMMAD’S SUCCESSOR.
He was named caliph which means successor. He used military force to reunite the Muslim community. He brought central Arabia under Muslim control and
started to conquer lands to the north.
THE FIRST FOUR CALIPHS WERE CALLED THE “RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS.” WHY WERE THEY CALLED THAT?
All four had known Muhammad and supported his mission to spread Islam.
DESCRIBE THE SIZE OF THE MUSLIM EMPIRE BY 661.
Muslim armies took territory from the Byzantine Empire and conquered Persia. By 661 the Muslim Empire had increased nearly four times in size. It included all
of Southwest Asia and stretched into North Africa.
WHY DID PERSECUTED PEOPLE OF THE BYZANTINE AND PERSIAN EMPIRES OFTEN WELCOME MUSLIM INVADORS AS LIBERATORS?
Byzantine and Persians had a policy of persecuting those who did not support their conquerors’ religions. Muslims allowed conquered people keep their own
religions.
DESCRIBE THE ROLE THAT THE UMAYYAD FAMILY HAD ON ISLAM.
This family took over power of Islam and set up a family dynasty. They moved the Muslim capital from Medina to Damascus. The actions of the Umayyad family
divided Muslims and raised questions about how to choose Muslim leaders.
EVENTUALLY THERE WAS A PERMANENT SPLIT IN ISLAM INTO TWO GROUPS; SUNNI AND SHI’A. WHAT MAJOR DIFFERENCES DID THE TWO GROUPS HAVE?
Sunni’s were the majority and believed that any Muslim who followed the teachings of Muhammad could be ruler. Shia’s believe that only descendants of
Muhammad can be ruler.
BY THE EARLY 700’S, THE UMAYYAD RULE HAD EXPANDED ISLAM INTO WHICH THREE CONTINENTS?
Africa, Asia, Europe
DESCRIBE THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT THAT WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE UMAYYADS TO KEEP CONTROL OF THEIR EMPIRE.
They established a bureaucracy, a system of departments and agencies to do the government work. The Umayyad’s ruled from the capital in Damascus. Caliphs
appointed Muslim governors called emirs to govern around the empire.
WHAT IMPACT DID THE MUSLIM CALIPH, ABD AL-MALIK, HAVE ON THE EMPIRE?
He declared Arabic the official language for all Muslim lands. The common language helped people throughout the empire communicate with one another. He
later created a common coinage which made commerce throughout the empire easier.
DESCRIBE HOW THE HAJJ HELPED SPREAD CULTURE.
The hajj was a pilgrimage to Mecca. On their travels, pilgrims shared languages and culture. They also brought back to their lands knowledge of Arabic culture
and Umayyad rule to their homes.
WHY DID DIFFERENT MUSLIM GROUPS BEGIN TO PROTEST THE UMAYYAD RULE?
People accused the Umayyad’s of being too interested in living a life of luxury and holding on to power.
WHAT CAUSED THE MUSLIM EMPIRE TO BE PERMINANTLY SPLIT INTO EAST AND WEST SECTIONS?
The Abbasids murdered Umayyad leaders at a meeting and took power. An important Umayyad leader, Abd al-Rahaman escaped and fled to Spain where he reestablished the Umayyad Dynasty.
DESCRIBE HOW THE ABBASIDS HELD ON TO POWER OF THE MUSLIM EMPIRE.
They set up a standing army and could rule through force. They used inclusion to persuade people to accept their rule and encouraged Christians and Jews to
serve in their government.
DESCRIBE THE ROLE THAT THE CITY OF BAGDHAD HAD.
Baghdad was named the new capital of the Muslim empire. It was known as “the marketplace of the world.” People from all over the world traded in Baghdad.
It soon grew to a population of nearly a million people.
WHO WERE AL-KHWARIZMI AND OMAR KYAYYAM? WHAT INFLUENCE DID TYEY HAVE ON MATHEMATICS?
Al-Khwarizmi built upon Greek, Egyptian and Indian ideas. He created Arabic numbering system that is still used today. He also was responsible for the origin of
algebra. Omar Kyayyam developed an accurate calendar.
DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF DOCTORS HOSPITALS THAT WERE SET UP DUIRNG THE ABBASID RULE OF THE MUSLIM EMPIRE.
Muslim doctors improved upon earlier discoveries. They were able to identify diseases such as smallpox and measles. The hospitals treated people who couldn’t
pay. The hospital in Baghdad served as a teaching center.