Name: _____________________________________
Date: _____________________ Period: ___________
VOCABULARY PACKET: Book A, #15 (KEY)
Definitions: Note carefully the spelling, pronunciation, part(s) of speech, and definition(s) of each of the following words. Study the synonyms
and antonyms. Then write the word in the blank space(s) in the illustrative sentence(s) following.
1. affluence (af’ lü әns): (n.) wealth, riches, prosperity; great abundance, plenty
Education, hard work, and a very strong desire to succeed can raise a person from poverty to affluence.
Synonyms: opulence
Antonyms: poverty, want, destitution, scarcity
2. arrears (ә rērz’): (n., pl.) unpaid or overdue debts; an unfinished duty
Bad spending habits and unexpected expenses left my aunt in arrears.
Synonyms: in default, in the red, late, overdue
3. cascade (kas kād’): (n.) a steep, narrow waterfall; something falling or rushing forth in quantity; (v.) to flow
downward (like a waterfall)
We were thrilled when we hit the jackpot, which produced a cascade of loudly jangling coins.
I watched the clear, sparkling water cascaded down the mountainside.
Synonyms: (v.) lunge, rush, tumble
Antonyms: (n.) drip, drop; (v.) trickle, ooze
4. cringe (krinj): (v.) to shrink back or hide in fear or submissiveness
My father told me to be brave and not to cringe when the doctor vaccinated me.
Synonyms: flinch, duck, cower, fawn Antonyms: strut, swagger
5. crotchety (kräch’ ә tē): (adj.) cranky, ill-tempered; full of odd whims
It is unfortunate that the teacher asked me to work with the most crotchety partner in the class.
Synonyms: grumpy, grouchy, crabby, disagreeable
Antonyms: sociable, friendly, agreeable, amiable
6. format (fôr’ mat): (n.) the size, shape, or arrangement of something
The clear format of the website makes it easy for users to fins its key features.
Synonyms: layout, design
7. immobile (i mō’ bәl): (adj.) not movable; not moving
Models must remain immobile for a long time in order for an artist to draw or paint them accurately.
Synonyms: fixed, stationary, unmoving, rooted
Antonyms: movable, portable, nimble, agile
8. impassable (im pas’ ә bәl): (adj.) blocked so that nothing can go through
Fallen trees formed an impassable barrier across the highway after the storm.
Synonyms: closed, impenetrable
Antonyms: unblocked, clear, open, fit for travel
9. innovation (i nō vā’ shәn): (n.) something new, a change; the act of introducing a new method, idea, device, etc.
Our furnace has an energy-saving innovation that turns the heat on and off at certain intervals.
Synonyms: novelty, modernization, new wrinkle
10. jovial (jō’ vē әl): (adj.) good-humored, in high spirits; merry
My jovial friend is very entertaining and is always the life of the party.
Synonyms: jolly, cheerful, festive
Antonyms: gloomy, morose, melancholy, cheerless
COMPLETING THE SENTENCE: From the words for this unit, choose the one that best completes each of the following sentences. Write the
word in the space provided using the proper tense.
11. I know that my payments on the care are in arrears, but I will catch up as soon as I get my next paycheck..
12. The sunlight caught the waters of the stream as they cascaded over the steep cliff and formed a brilliant rainbow.
13. The jovial mood of our cheerful little gathering changed abruptly to sorrow when news of the tragedy came over
the radio.
14. Frank Lloyd Wright was a great American architect who was responsible for many innovations in the design of
buildings.
15. The more we tried to humor the crotchety crossing guard, the more irritable and demanding he seemed to
become.
16. I don’t expect you to be a hero, but do you have to cringe in that cowardly fashion whenever anyone so much as
disagrees with you?
17. The feeling of affluence I had when I was paid lasted only until I had finished taking care of my bills.
18. As a result of the record-breaking snowstorm, all roads in the area became impassable.
19. His back injury was so severe that he has been placed in a cast and will have to remain immobile for months.
20. We plan to change the format of our school magazine to make it more attractive and readable.
SYNONYMS: Choose the word from this unit that is the same or most nearly the same in meaning as the boldface word or expression in the given
phrase. Write the word on the line provided.
21. in the impenetrable section of the cave
impassable
22. installed to make it remain stationary
immobile
23 in default after losing her job
arrears
24. as if confetti tumbled onto the stage
cascaded
25. resisting the latest modernization
innovation
26. disagreeable because he was so tired
crotchety
27. according to the most recent design
format
28. to cower when the doctor approaches
cringe
ANTONYMS: Choose the word from this unit that is most nearly the opposite in meaning to the boldface word or expression in the given phrase.
Write the word on the line provided.
29. reacting to our melancholy host
jovial
30. taken as a sure sign of poverty
affluence