Preface
“The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between
lightning and a lightning bug.”
~ Mark Twain
Vocabulary Builder 1 is an essential resource for students who want to acquire a larger
vocabulary to improve their English proficiency and do well in their examinations.
Varied exercises covering important areas of vocabulary learning
There are ample varied exercises covering the following areas:
• homonyms
• words describing feelings and emotions
• synonyms
• words describing character
• antonyms
• using the right word
• word forms
• phrasal verbs
• people
• words with multiple meanings
• idioms
• compound words
Lists of useful words
Lists of useful words can be found at the end of the exercises. They are a good source of
reference and an ideal way to enhance one’s vocabulary bank. The list includes:
•occupations
•idioms
• word forms
• antonyms
•proverbs
•synonyms
Answers
Enhanced
Answers to all questions
are provided for easy reference and self-assessment.
Learning
Enhanced
Enhanced
Learning
resources available
www.onlineresources.sapgrp.com
Learning
Reading passages using the vocabulary words learnt are provided to give students
the opportunity to practise reading aloud to improve fluency and pronunciation.
www.onlineresources.sapgrp.com
There are also practices to encourage students to associate behaviour with character
traits and in using the correct form of the word for given sentences.
resources available
High-flying students have big vocabularies. Words are the catalyst for learning and thinking.
Accordingly, the more words one has at one’s disposal, the clearer and more accurate one’s
thinking is.
The Editorial Team
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Table of Contents and
Learning Outcomes
Units
1
Homonyms
2
Word Forms
3
Learning Outcomes
• Understand that homonyms are
words that sound the same when they
are pronounced but have different
meanings
• Understand that words can be formed
from another by derivation, e.g.
electricity from electric
• Form any possible nouns, verbs,
adjectives or adverbs from the same
root word
• Understand that an antonym is a word
that has the opposite meaning to that of
another word
Antonyms
4
• Understand that a synonym is a word
that means the same or nearly the same
as another word, e.g. bucket and pail
Synonyms
5
People
Vocabulary Builder Sec 1.indb 2
• Use proper terms to describe specific
people
Notes and
Exercise
Pages
Score Total Score
Attained Attained
Notes
1
-
Exercise 1
2
/ 15
Exercise 2
4
/ 15
Exercise 3
7
/ 15
Notes
9
-
Exercise 4
10
/ 10
Exercise 5
11
/ 15
Exercise 6
13
/ 10
Exercise 7
14
/ 15
Exercise 8
16
/ 15
Notes
19
-
Exercise 9
20
/ 15
Exercise 10
22
/ 15
Exercise 11
24
/ 15
Notes
27
-
Exercise 12
28
/ 15
Exercise 13
31
/ 15
Exercise 14
34
/ 15
Notes
37
-
Exercise 15
38
/ 15
Exercise 16
41
/ 15
Exercise 17
43
/ 15
/ 45
/ 65
/ 45
/ 45
/ 45
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Units
6
Using The
Right Word
7
Idioms
8
Compound
Words
9
Words With
Multiple
Meanings
10
Learning Outcomes
• Differentiate the meanings of a set of
words that either look almost similar or
are pronounced alike
• Select the right word to convey the
intended meaning
Words
Describing
Feelings
And
Emotions
Vocabulary Builder Sec 1.indb 3
Pages
Score Total Score
Attained Attained
Notes
45
-
Exercise 18
46
/ 10
Exercise 19
48
/ 20
Exercise 20
51
/ 10
Exercise 21
52
/ 20
• Understand that idioms are expressions
which have meanings that are not
obvious from the individual words
• Express oneself effectively when
using idioms in both oral and written
communications
Notes
55
-
Exercise 22
56
/ 15
Exercise 23
58
/ 15
Exercise 24
61
/ 15
• Understand that compound words are
made up of two or more words
• Place compound words into nouns,
verbs or adjectives
Notes
63
-
Exercise 25
64
/ 15
Exercise 26
66
/ 15
Exercise 27
68
/ 15
• Understand that some words in the
English language have more than one
meaning
• Use such words in the proper context
Notes
71
-
Exercise 28
73
/ 20
Exercise 29
75
/ 15
• Understand that a phrasal verb is a
compound verb made up of a single
verb and an adverb participle or
preposition
Notes
77
-
Exercise 30
78
/ 15
Exercise 31
80
/ 15
Exercise 32
82
/ 10
Exercise 33
84
/ 15
Exercise 34
86
/ 15
Notes
89
-
Exercise 35
90
/ 10
Exercise 36
91
/ 20
Exercise 37
94
/ 20
Phrasal Verbs
11
Notes and
Exercise
• Apply varied and appropriate
vocabulary to describe a person’s
feelings and emotions
/ 60
/ 45
/ 45
/ 35
/ 70
/ 50
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Units
Learning Outcomes
• Apply varied and appropriate
vocabulary to describe a person’s
character
Notes and
Exercise
Pages
Score Total Score
Attained Attained
Notes
97
-
Exercise 38
98
/ 20
Exercise 39
101
/ 20
Exercise 40
104
/ 20
Revision 1 (Units 1 – 6)
107
/ 60
Revision 2 (Units 7 – 12)
113
/ 60
General Revision 1
119
/ 120
General Revision 2
131
/ 120
12
Words
Describing
Character
/ 60
REVIEW
/ 60
/ 60
/ 120
/ 120
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Appendix 1: Occupations
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Appendix 2: Word Forms
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Appendix 3: Proverbs
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Appendix 4: Idioms
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Appendix 5: Antonyms
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Appendix 6: Synonyms
AA14
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A1 – A3
-
ANSWERS
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UNIT 1
Homonyms
There are many words in the English language which have the same pronunciation but are
spelt differently and have different meanings. Most of them are short and monosyllabic.
These words are called ‘homonyms’.
Examples:
1 tail : the flexible prolongation of an animal’s spine
tale : a story of imaginary events
2 bow : to bend the top part of the body forward to show respect
bough : a main branch of a tree
3 hail hale : to call out to someone to get their attention
: robust, healthy
4 pale pail : of a whitish or colourless complexion
: a container for carrying water
5 bear bare : a large furry animal
: uncovered, naked
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Vocabulary Builder Sec 1.indb 1
UNIT 1 HOMONYMS
1
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EXERCISE
1
Homonyms
For each of the following sentences, choose the correct word
in the brackets and fill in each blank.
1 After much preparation, the cruise ship is now ready to set
____________.
( sail / sale )
2 The explorers are trying to locate the ____________ of the
mighty river.
( sauce / source )
3 There have been a lot of complaints about the new manager
from the members of the ____________.
( staff / stuff )
4Animals in cold regions have thick ____________ to
protect them from the cold.
( fir / fur )
5 Because of the landslide, the coach had to take a longer
____________ to reach its destination.
( root / route )
Vocabulary Builder
• preparation - the process of
making arrangements for an
activity or event
• sail - to move out to sea
• sale - when something is being
sold; a time when goods are sold
cheaper than usual
• explorer - someone who travels
to places that no one has
discovered yet
• source - the cause of something
• complaint - referring to what you
say because you feel that things
are not good or wrong
• staff - people working in a
company or an organization
• stuff - things, ideas, etc.
• fir - a tree with needle-shaped
leaves
• fur - body covering of some
animals
• landslide - a rapid downward
movement of earth or rocks on a
slope
• root - the part of the plant that is
underground and takes in water
from the soil
• route - the way from one place to
another
• majestic - very big and beautiful
• main - the most important
6The ____________ of the lion makes it look majestic.
( main / mane )
• mane - hair around a lion’s face
and neck
7 Which part of an egg do you think is more nutritious, its
white or its ____________?
( yoke / yolk )
• yoke - something that can be
placed across your shoulders so
that you can carry two heavy
things on each side
2
UNIT 1 HOMONYMS
Vocabulary Builder Sec 1.indb 2
• nutritious - food that contains all
the things that the body needs in
order to be healthy
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1
General Revision
(A)Homonyms
For each of the following sentences, choose the correct
word in the brackets and fill in the blank.
Vocabulary Builder
• leek - a type of vegetable
• expand - to become bigger
• expend - to use up a lot of energy
1 As soon as he saw the policeman approaching, the thief
took to his _____________.
( heals / heels )
• boar - a male pig
2 There is a _____________ in the fish tank.
( leak / leek )
• beneficiary - someone who
receives good things or
advantages from an action (e.g.
the beneficiary of the charity
concert is the children’s home)
3 Mr Donald has _____________ a great deal of time and
money in creating a pleasant home for his family.
( expanded / expended )
• sole - one
• bore (past tense of bear)- to
accept something that is difficult;
someone who is boring or not
interesting in any way
• soul - spirit
4 Frank has few friends as he is such a _____________.
( boar / bore )
5 It does not seem that the _____________ will clear up any
time soon.
( weather / whether )
6 The driver was seriously injured when his car crashed into
a _____________ truck.
( stationary / stationery )
7 He was unable to _____________ any good example to
support his theory.
( cite / site )
8 Raymond was the _____________ beneficiary of his late
father’s estate.
( sole / soul )
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GENERAL REVISION 1
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Appendix 1
Occupations
A
B
C
accountant
acrobat
admiral
apprentice
archaeologist
architect
astrologer
astronomer
auctioneer
author
aviator
baker
banker
barber
bartender
caddie
cashier
chauffeur
chef
clown
coastguard
cobbler
compere
D
E
F
composer
conductor
confectioner
conjurer
curator
decorator
dentist
detective
doctor
editor
electrician
engineer
engraver
farmer
fishmonger
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Vocabulary Builder Sec 1.indb 1
: a person who keeps and examines business accounts
: a person who does daring gymnastic stunts
: the commander of a fleet or warships
: a person who learns a trade while working
: a person who studies historical remains
: a person who draws plans for buildings
: a person who foretells things by the stars
: a person who studies the stars
: a person who sells things by auction
: a person who writes books
: a pilot of an aeroplane
: a person who makes and sells bread
: a person who has an important position in a bank
: a person who cuts men’s hair
: a person who mixes and serves drinks in a bar
: a person who carries clubs for a golfer
: a person who receives and pays out money in a bank, shop, restaurant, etc.
: a person employed to drive a car for someone
: a head cook in a hotel or restaurant
: a person whose business is to amuse others
: a naval or police officer who prevents unlawful activity along the coast or
at sea
: a person who mends shoes
: a person who introduces the people or the various acts in a television or
live show
: a person who teaches and writes music
: the director of an orchestra or choir
: a person who makes and sells cakes, pastries, etc.
: a person who does clever and difficult tricks
: a person who is in charge of a museum or art gallery
: a person who decorates houses
: a person who treats people’s teeth
: a person who investigates crimes
: a person who is trained to cure illnesses
: a person who takes charge of a magazine or newspaper
: a person who deals with and repairs electrical wires and equipment
: a person who plans and builds roads, bridges, etc.
: a person who carves designs on metals, stones, etc.
: a person who manages a farm
: a person who sells fish
APPENDIX 1
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Appendix 2
Word Forms
Verb
A
Noun
act
adopt
age
action
adoption
age
agelessness
aggravate
aggravation
agree
aggression
aggressiveness
agreement
allege
alternate
animate
annoy
anticipate
appear
apply
appoint
appreciate
approve
approximate
assert
assist
attend
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allegation
alternative
alternation
ambition
ambitiousness
animation
annoyance
anticipation
appearance
application
applicant
applicability
appointment
appreciation
approval
approximation
assertion
assertiveness
assist
assistance
assistant
attendance
attendant
attentiveness
Adjective
acting
adopted
ageing
aged
ageless
aggravating
aggravated
aggressive
Adverb
aggravatingly
aggressively
agreeable
agreed
alleged
alternative
alternate
ambitious
agreeably
animated
annoyed
annoying
anticipatory
animatedly
annoyingly
allegedly
alternatively
ambitiously
applicable
applied
appointed
appreciative
approved
approving
approximate
assertive
appreciatively
approvingly
approximately
assertively
assistant
attentive
attendant
attentively
APPENDIX 2
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Appendix 3
Proverbs
Proverbs
A
B
C
D
AA8
Meanings
A bird in the hand is worth two in the
bush.
Something you already have is worth more than
something which is better, but which you cannot be
sure of getting.
A burnt child dreads fire.
Any painful experience is not easily forgotten and
will scar your thinking and attitude for a lifetime.
Actions speak louder than words.
It is what you do that really matters, not just what
you say.
All good things must come to an end.
Pleasures cannot go on forever.
All’s well that ends well.
It is usually used after a situation has ended in a
satisfactory way, making up for previous failures
and disappointment.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Apples and other fruit help to keep us healthy.
As you make your bed, so you must lie
(up) on it.
You must be prepared to put up with the
consequences of your actions.
Barking dogs seldom bite.
A person who utters loud threats need not be taken
seriously as he rarely takes action.
Birds of a feather flock together.
People with similar tastes or interests tend to come
together in groups.
Blood is thicker than water.
Family relationships are stronger and more
important than any other kind of relationships.
Call a spade a spade.
Say exactly what you think is true of someone or
something, without trying to be polite.
Clothes do not make the man.
It is a person’s character that really counts, not
what he wears.
Courtesy costs nothing.
You will not lose anything by being polite.
Curiosity killed the cat.
Do not ask questions about something that does not
concern you because it can get you in trouble.
Cut your coat according to your cloth.
Adjust your expenditure according to your resources.
Don’t count your chickens before they
are hatched.
You should not make plans depending on something
advantageous which has not yet happened.
Don’t judge a book by its cover.
You should not form an opinion based only on the
way someone or something looks.
Don’t make a mountain out of a
molehill.
You should not treat a problem as if it were very
serious when, in fact, it is not.
Don’t teach your grandmother to suck
eggs.
You should not offer advice to those who are more
experienced than you are.
APPENDIX 3
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Appendix 4
Idioms
Idioms
A a bag of bones
Meanings
a very thin or emaciated person
a bed of roses
luxurious, pleasant, or easy conditions of life or work
a bitter pill to swallow
a disappointment, setback, or unpleasant fact that is hard to
accept
a bright spark
a person who says or does something that he thinks is
intelligent but is actually silly or not correct
a carbon copy of somebody/
something
somebody/something that is exactly like another person/thing
a cock and bull story
a story, excuse or explanation that is not likely to be believed
a rotten apple
a person in a group of people who is dishonest and who has an
unfavourable effect on the good ones
a sweet tooth
a fondness for sweet foods and drinks
above/below par
better/worse than it usually is
add fuel to fire
to do or say something that makes a bad situation worse
all and sundry
everyone; people of any or every kind
an uphill task
a very difficult task
anybody’s guess
a matter no one can be sure about
B be all ears/eyes
pay close attention by listening/looking
beat about the bush
talk about a subject indirectly
beat/knock the (living) daylights
out of somebody
beat somebody brutally by showing no mercy
behind bars
in prison
blow one’s own trumpet
boast about your own qualities or abilities
blue blood
royal or aristocratic birth or ancestry
blue-collar job
manual, skilled or semi-skilled work
blue-eyed boy
a male person who is most liked and approved by another
person of authority
body and soul
both physically and mentally; completely
born with a silver spoon in one’s
mouth
born of rich parents
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APPENDIX 4
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Appendix 5
Antonyms
A
B
C
D
abandon
: keep
illuminate
: darken
abstract
: concrete
impart
: withold
abundance
: scarcity
improve
: deteriorate
acquit
: convict
indifferent
: interested
admiration
: contempt
intricate
: simple
advance
: retreat
lax
: strict
adversity
: prosperity
luxuriant
: sparse
alleviate
: aggravate
moderate
: extreme
amateur
: professional
moving
: stationary
artificial
: natural
negative
: positive
assist
: hinder
nutritious
: unwholesome
backward
: advanced
O
opaque
: transparent
banish
: recall
P
permanent
: temporary
barren
: fertile
poverty
: wealth
befriend
: alienate
preceding
: succeeding
boring
: interesting
problem
: solution
cautious
: reckless
prominent
: obscure
comic
: tragic
purify
: adulterate
compulsory
: voluntary
resist
: submit
crude
: refined
rigid
: flexible
debtor
: creditor
rural
: urban
diligent
: indolent
scrap
: retain
discord
L
M
N
R
S
: harmony
sensible
: senseless
distinct
: vague
serious
: frivolous
elementary
: advanced
shame
: honour
exaggerate
: understate
simple
: complex
extravagance
: thrift
T
tender
: tough
F
former
: latter
V
vacant
: occupied
G
genuine
: fake
vague
: clear
H
halt
E
I
: proceed
vertical
: horizontal
heed
: ignore
vice
: virtue
hypocritical
: sincere
W
wilful
: unintentional
ignite
: extinguish
Z
zeal
: indifference
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APPENDIX 5
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Appendix 6
Synonyms
A
B
AA14
benign
: friendly, genial,
favourable
bewildered
: baffled, perplexed,
puzzled
bias
: partiality, prejudice
bigoted
: biased, prejudiced,
opinionated
bizarre
: grotesque, strange
bliss
: ecstasy, happiness,
rapture
brittle
: fragile
calamity
: catastrophe, disaster
callous
: heartless, insensitive,
uncaring
commend
: praise, compliment
deadly
: fatal
decorate
: adorn
deduct
: subtract
: disinterest, indifference,
unconcerned
defective
: faulty
deficient
: lacking
apparent
: clear, evident, obvious
denounce
: condemn
appropriate
: fitting, suitable
despise
: scorn
arrogant
: conceited
destiny
: fate
assertive
: self-assured, strongwilled
detest
: hate
austere
: harsh, severe, strict
diligent
: industrious
avid
: ardent, eager, keen
disregard
: ignore
awkward
: blundering, clumsy,
ungainly, embarrassing
distinguished
: eminent
disturb
: bother, disrupt, distract
barren
: desolate, unproductive,
sterile
dread
: alarm, apprehension,
dismay, fear
beneficial
: advantageous,
profitable
dress
: clothes, attire
doubtful
: dubious
abbreviate
: shorten
abet
: assist, support
abject
: low, servile, wretched,
pitiful
abrupt
: hurried, sudden
abscond
: desert, disappear
absurd
: frivolous, ludicrous,
ridiculous
adhere
: cling, hold, stick
adverse
: hostile, opposing
affection
: attachment, fondness,
liking
agony
: torment, pain, suffering
ample
: abundant, plentiful
anarchy
: lawlessness, chaos,
confusion
annoyance
: exasperation, irritation,
vexation
apathy
APPENDIX 6
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C
D
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UNIT 1
Exercise 1
1sail
2source
3staff
4fur
5route
6mane 7 yolk
8safe
9weather
10meddle
11busking
12birth
13 flee
14scene
15course
Exercise 2
1 (a)mail
(b)male
2 (a)site
(b)cite
3 (a)board
(b)bored
4 (a)waste
(b)waist
5 (a)stationary
(b)stationery
6 (a)kerb
(b)curb
7 (a)corps
(b)core
8 (a)peak
(b)peek
9 (a)compliments
(b)complements
10 (a)dissent
(b)descent
11 (a)feat
(b)feet
12 (a) flair
(b) flare
13 (a)heal
(b)heel
14 (a)fair
(b)fare
15 (a)maze
(b)maize
Exercise 3
1current
2naval
3cereal
4ceiling
5latter
6counsel
7 queue
8stake
9cellar
10faint
11gait
12wrest
13aisle
14creaks
15haul
UNIT 2
Exercise 4
1reluctance 6starving
2warring
7 critically
3advisable
8decision
4consistently 9shortage
5consolation 10hesitated
Exercise 5
1abundance
2aggressiveness
3agreed
4appreciative
5assertive
6assistant
7 endure
A1
Vocabulary Builder Sec 1.indb 1
8calculated
9catchy
10 certified
11commendable
12deceptively
13 dependent
14deprived
15dramatically
Exercise 6
1silence
6criminal
2inhabitants 7 punishable
3tolerable
8faithfully
4 financial
9hurriedly
5forgetful
10denial
Exercise 7
1 economically
2economical
3economic
4 finally
5 finalized
6 finalist
7imaginary
8imaginative
9imagination
10 intruding
11intrusive
12intruder
13 preference
14preferable
15 preferably
Exercise 8
1popularity 9wasteful
2preventive 10accumulated
3inhabited
11admired
4recuperating 12alternative
5regrettable 13authorized
6remedial
14suspects
7residential 15competent
8submission
UNIT 3
Exercise 9
1genuine
2abundant
3capture
4fertile
5harmful
6interesting
7 rare
8avoid
9predator
10build
11cautious
12seller
13disregard
14like
15dissipate
Exercise 10
1reprove
9discord
2cowardly 10employ
3declined
11urban
4creditor
12minimum
5exterior
13pessimistic
6extravagance14future
7 dawn
15permanent
8compulsory
Exercise 11
1ignore
2deteriorated
3intentionally
4simple
5ordinary
6presence
7 indifference
8complex
9opposition
10 lush / luxuriant
11advanced
12 affluence
13malignant
14enmity
15conservative
UNIT 4
Exercise 12
1bigoted
2vexed
3abruptly
4 arrogant
5uprising
6 disappeared
7commotion
8fabricate
9ignore
10stick
11appropriate
12obvious
13keen
14apprehended
15grotesque
Exercise 13
1 sufficient
2plain
3embarrassing
4plot
5sterile
6insensitive
7cunning
8wonder
9 socialize
10secluded
11acceptable
12practical
13sturdy
14 fear
15attempt
Exercise 14
1conventional 9ruined
2common
10outcome
3usual
11effect
4energetic
12consequence
5vigorous
13 agony
6 lively
14 torment
7demolished 15suffering
8wrecked
UNIT 5
Exercise 15
1greenhorn
2anorexic
3assassin
4 guardian
5minor
6opponent
7 strikers
8refugee
9commoner
10 trafficker
11alcoholic
12mountaineer
13astrologer
14 accomplice
15stranger
Exercise 16
1adventurer
2casualty
3rioter
4hostage
5glutton
6 fugitive
7shirker
8 host
9 subject
10cheat
11resident
12 hypocrite
13exile
14 braggart
15patron
Exercise 17
1aggressor
9egoist
2amateur
10 informer
3rebel
11recluse
4sorcerer
12crook
5sympathizer 13 centenarian
6explorer
14peer
7voter
15agitator
8brute
UNIT 6
Exercise 18
1ancient
2dessert
3clients
4accent
5effect
6sometime
7 devise
8recover
9differ
10 inflicted
Exercise 19
1neighbourly 11staff
2childish
12trial
3disposed
13bland
4juncture
14mortal
5vocation
15precise
6 price
16 scrape
7intimate
17uncovered
8 proceeds
18superb
9hapless
19 lair
10peak
20posture
Exercise 20
1 (a)reason
(b)cause
2 (a)beside
(b)besides
3 (a)invented
(b)discovered
4 (a)dairy
(b)diary
5 (a)limp
(b)limb
Exercise 21
1 (a)biannual
(b)biennial
2 (a)industrious
(b)industrial
3 (a)unawares
(b)unaware
4 (a)literary
(b)literally
5 (a)instalment
(b)installation
6 (a)renounce
(b)denounce
7 (a) confidant
(b) confident
8 (a)personnel
(b)personal
9 (a)avoid
(b)evade
10 (a)tainted
(b)tinted
UNIT 7
Exercise 22
1 by leaps and bounds
2 in black and white
3 below par
Vocabulary Builder Secondary Level 1
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30/11/2016 9:26:55 AM