AP PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 8 Big Review
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) In the early 20th century, psychologists were inclined to explain motivated behavior by
attributing it to ________.
A) learned responses
B) emotions
C) instincts
D) incentives
1)
2) The theory stating that behaviors are motivated by the body's attempts to reduce tension from
conditions such as hunger or thirst to a state of balance is ________ theory.
A) homeostatis
B) disequilibrium
C) needs
D) drive reduction
2)
3) Some psychologists believe that behavior is motivated by the body's attempts to achieve a state
of balance in which the body functions effectively, or ________.
A) propinquity
B) reciprocity
C) homeostasis
D) acquiescence
3)
4) A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension
caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst. This psychologist's philosophy most closely
matches ________ theory.
A) drive-reduction
B) needs
C) reciprocity
D) homeostatis
4)
5) Which of the following does NOT support drive-reduction theory?
A) going jogging when you are bored
B) getting something to drink when you are thirsty
C) going to sleep when you are tired
D) getting some food when you are hungry
5)
6) Primary drives are ________.
A) learned
B) based on a physiological state
C) exceptions to the drive-reduction principle
D) influenced by stimuli outside the body
6)
7) Primary drives are ________.
A) exceptions to the drive-reduction principle
B) produced by external incentives
C) unlearned
D) learned
7)
8) Thirst, sex, and hunger are examples of ________ drives.
A) reduction
B) internalized
C) primary
8)
D) secondary
9) Drives that are most strongly influenced by stimuli within the body are called ________ drives.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) instinctual
D) learned
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9)
10) Primary drives are found in ________.
A) only mammals
C) most animals except primates
10)
B) all animals
D) only reptiles and fish
11) The theory of motivation that proposes that organisms seek an optimum level of stimulation is
________ theory.
A) instinct
B) drive reduction
C) the hierarchy of needs
D) arousal
11)
12) The Yerkes-Dodson Law states ________.
A) there is an optimal level of arousal for best performance of any task
B) organisms seek to reduce arousal and maintain homeostasis
C) extrinsic motivation is more powerful than intrinsic motivation
D) that intrinsic motivation is more powerful than intrinsic motivation
12)
13) Which of the following is true?
A) Sometimes behavior is motivated to increase arousal, while other times it is motivated to
reduce arousal.
B) Behavior is almost always motivated to maintain the current level of arousal.
C) Behavior is almost always motivated to reduce arousal.
D) Behavior is almost always motivated to increase arousal.
13)
14) The idea that there is an optimal level of arousal for best performance of any task, and the more
complex the task, the lower the level of optimal arousal, is ________.
A) the Law of Effect
B) Weber's Law
C) the Law of Diminishing Returns
D) the Yerkes-Dodson Law
14)
15) According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, higher levels of arousal ________.
A) are best when performing simple tasks
B) always disrupt performance of a task
C) are best for performing all tasks, whether simple or complex
D) are best when performing complex tasks
15)
16) According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, lower levels of arousal ________.
A) are best when performing complex tasks
B) are best for performing all tasks, whether simple or complex
C) always disrupt performance of a task
D) are best when performing simple tasks
16)
17) According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, ________.
A) easy tasks require a very low level of emotional level
B) difficult tasks require a very high level of emotional level
C) complex tasks require a very low level of emotional level
D) there is no relationship between emotional arousal and performance
17)
18) Which of the following is likely to be significantly affected by emotional level according to the
Yerkes-Dodson Law?
A) boiling water for tea
B) taking your dog for a walk
C) taking the college board exams
D) raking the leaves
18)
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19) Intense emotions would NOT be conducive to ________.
A) going for a walk
B) doing the laundry
C) talking to yourself
D) studying for an exam
19)
20) A highly emotional state would LEAST affect ________.
A) playing chess
B) driving a car
C) studying
D) washing the car
20)
21) Behavior such as skydiving is best explained by ________.
A) drive reduction theory
B) arousal theory
C) a motive for homeostasis
D) a motive for sensation seeking
21)
22) Human behavior is ________ rigid, unchanging, inflexible, and found throughout the species.
A) rarely
B) always
C) usually
D) never
22)
23) ________ significant human behavior is ________.
A) Most; learned
B) All; learned
23)
C) All; inborn
D) Most; inborn
24) The state of tension created by biological needs is called a(n) ________.
A) emotion
B) instinct
C) impulse
D) drive
25) Hunger and thirst are examples of ________.
A) instincts
B) drives
D) motives
24)
25)
C) incentives
26) Extremely stimulating activities such as sky-diving, bungee jumping, and hang gliding are
________.
A) not well explained by either drive-reduction theory or arousal theory
B) well explained by arousal theory but not drive-reduction theory
C) well explained by both arousal theory and drive-reduction theory
D) well explained by drive-reduction theory but not arousal theory
26)
27) Which of the following is LEAST well explained by arousal theory?
A) watching television
B) skydiving
C) playing a computer game
D) going for a walk
27)
28) Each of the following is true of high sensation seekers when compared to low sensation seekers
EXCEPT they are more likely ________.
A) to smoke, drink heavily and use illicit drugs
B) to be classified as aggressive in school
C) to have more sexual partners and engage in more varied and dangerous sexual activities
D) engage in unsafe driving.
28)
29) A desire to perform a behavior that originates within the individual is known as ________
motivation.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) intrinsic
D) extrinsic
29)
30) A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment is known as
________ motivation.
A) intrinsic
B) primary
C) secondary
D) extrinsic
30)
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31) The person who climbs a mountain “because it is there” is responding to ________ motivation.
A) secondary
B) intrinsic
C) primary
D) extrinsic
31)
32) The student who completes a project in school hoping to get first prize in a competition is
responding to ________ motivation.
A) secondary
B) primary
C) intrinsic
D) extrinsic
32)
33) The motive of self-actualization makes one want to ________.
A) have frequent contact with others
B) convince others of one's true worth
C) possess as many material goods as possible
D) fulfill one's inborn potential
33)
34) The correct sequential order of Maslow's hierarchy of motives from most complex and human to
most primitive is ________.
A) self-actualization, belongingness, safety, esteem, physiological
B) self-actualization, esteem, belongingness, safety, physiological
C) belongingness, self-actualization, esteem, physiological, safety
D) self-actualization, esteem, belongingness, physiological, safety
34)
35) According to Maslow's theory, higher motives emerge ________.
A) simultaneously with more basic needs
B) before any other needs emerge
C) only after more basic ones have been satisfied
D) unpredictably, depending on the situation
35)
36) Unexpected rewards ________.
A) do not necessarily reduce intrinsic motivation
B) reduce intrinsic motivation as much as contractual rewards
C) reduce intrinsic motivation, but not as much as contractual rewards
D) reduce intrinsic motivation even more than contractual rewards
36)
37) Positive feedback, including praise, ________.
A) dramatically reduces intrinsic motivation
B) slightly reduces intrinsic motivation
C) has no effect on intrinsic motivation
D) may actually increase intrinsic motivation
37)
38) According to Maslow, the highest level on the hierarchy of needs is ________.
A) physiological needs
B) esteem
C) self-actualization
D) intellectual needs
38)
39) When people are offered extrinsic rewards for a behavior, intrinsic motivation and a sense of
personal responsibility for that behavior are ________.
A) impossible to predict
B) likely to increase
C) likely to remain unchanged
D) likely to decrease
39)
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40) The correct sequential order of Maslow's hierarchy of motives from the most primitive to the
most complex and human is ________.
A) physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization
B) safety, physiological, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization
C) physiological, esteem, self-actualization, safety, belongingness
D) physiological, esteem, safety, belongingness, self-actualization
40)
41) Hunger is stimulated by ________ cues. Thirst is stimulated by ________ cues.
A) internal and external; internal and external
B) internal and external; internal
C) external; internal and external
D) internal; external
41)
42) Thirst is monitored by ________ regulator(s) that monitor(s) the level of fluids inside and outside
the cells.
A) four
B) one
C) three
D) two
42)
43) Fat cells in our body produce ________, which travels in the bloodstream, and high levels of it
signal the brain to reduce appetite, or to increase the rate at which fat is burned.
A) leptin
B) glucose
C) ghrelin
D) glycerol
43)
44) A hormone produced in the stomach and small intestines that increases appetite is ________.
A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) insulin
D) glycerol
44)
45) Located in the ________ are two regions that serve as “on and off” switches for eating behaviors.
A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) frontal lobes
D) temporal lobes
45)
46) A hormone secreted by the pancreas that keeps glucose levels balanced is ________.
A) ghrelin
B) glycerol
C) insulin
D) leptin
46)
47) The brain measures satiety by measuring the level of ________ in the blood.
A) lipoproteins
B) insulin
C) cholesterol
47)
48) Horse meat is very popular in ________.
A) Europe
B) America
D) glucose
48)
C) Asia
49) Eating which of the following violates both Islamic and Jewish dietary laws?
A) horse meat
B) pork
C) dog meat
D) Africa
49)
D) lamb
50) The mere sight, smell, or thought of food causes ________ in insulin production and ________ in
glucose levels in the body's cells.
A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; decreases
D) decreases; increases
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50)
51) The mere aroma of food ________.
A) has little or no affect, by itself, in arousing hunger
B) serves as an incentive to eat and arouses the primary drive of hunger
C) arouses the primary drive of hunger, although it does not serve as an incentive to eat
D) serves as an incentive to eat, but does not arouse the primary drive of hunger
51)
52) The way in which a person responds when hungry ________.
A) varies directly with the age of the individual
B) is consistent across cultures
C) is entirely dependent on internal drives
D) varies with each individual's social conditioning
52)
53) A serious eating disorder that is associated with an intense fear of weight gain and a distorted
body image is called ________.
A) Huntington's chorea
B) anorexia nervosa
C) bulimia
D) Karposi's anemia
53)
54) About ________ percent of all adolescent females suffer from bulimia nervosa.
A) 4 to 6
B) 1 to 2
C) 12 to 15
D) 8 to 10
54)
55) Which of the following females is MOST likely to develop bulimia?
A) a lower-class female high school dropout
B) an upper-middle class female high school graduate who is attending college
C) a middle-class male who is trying to make his high-school wrestling team.
D) a lower-class female who is a college graduate
55)
56) Muscle dysmorphia is ________.
A) a steady and uncontrollable deterioration of muscle mass in young adulthood
B) characterized by excessive cramping of the muscles when exercising
C) characterized by excessively large but weak striated muscles
D) an obsessive concern with one's muscle size
56)
57) Muscular dysmorphia has been increasing particularly among ________.
A) young women
B) older women
C) older men
D) young men
57)
58) Genetics appears to play a role in ________.
A) bulimia but not anorexia
C) both anorexia and bulimia
58)
B) neither anorexia nor bulimia
D) anorexia, but not bulimia
59) Which of the following people is MOST likely to have anorexia nervosa?
A) an upper-class black female
B) a middle-class black female
C) a lower-class white female
D) an upper-class white female
59)
60) Approximately ________ percent of all adolescents suffer from anorexia nervosa.
A) 1
B) 7
C) 3
D) 5
60)
61) About ________ of Americans are either overweight or obese.
A) one-third
B) two-thirds
C) one-half
61)
6
D) one-quarter
62) The rate of obesity among young people has ________ since 1980.
A) tripled
B) doubled
C) declined
63) ________ refers to an excess of body fat in relation to lean body mass.
A) Fat
B) Morbidity
C) Overweight
62)
D) not changed
63)
D) Obesity
64) The human sex drive ________.
A) can be turned on and off by environmental cues, but not by biological factors
B) can be turned on and off by biological factors, but not by environmental cues
C) can be turned on and off by both biological factors and environmental cues
D) cannot be turned on or off, it runs at a constant, preset level
64)
65) The sexual drive is different from hunger and thirst in that the sexual drive ________.
A) is vital only to the survival of the individual
B) can be turned on and off by environmental cues
C) is vital only to the survival of the species
D) leads to responses which are shaped by experience
65)
66) The primary male sex hormone is ________.
A) estrogen
B) pheromone
66)
C) testosterone
D) progesterone
67) The major difference in animal and human sex drives is that ________.
A) human sex drive is controlled by the female's reproductive system
B) human sex drive is controlled by the male's reproductive system
C) humans are able to be interested in sex at any time
D) human sex drive is controlled by hormones
67)
68) Sexual excitement seems to be influenced by the ________ and the ________.
A) parietal lobes; hypothalamus
B) limbic system; insula
C) thyroid gland; ghrelin cortex
D) upper spinal cord; sympathetic nervous system
68)
69) The researcher(s) known for discovering the sexual response cycle is (are) ________.
A) Alfred Kinsey
B) Masters & Johnson
C) Hobson & McCarley
D) Sigmund Freud
69)
70) The sexual response cycle has ________ phases.
A) four
B) two
70)
C) five
D) three
71) ________ motives are largely unlearned motives that push us to investigate, explore, and often
change, the world around us.
A) Primary
B) Tertiary
C) Stimulus
D) Secondary
71)
72) Which motive is LEAST influenced by external stimuli?
A) exploration
B) curiosity
C) contact
72)
D) hunger
73) Which motive is MOST influenced by external stimuli?
A) curiosity
B) sex
C) thirst
D) hunger
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73)
74) Which of the following situations BEST illustrates how a stimulus motive can direct behavior?
A) Monkeys kept in a zoo will form male-female pairs, copulate, and rear their young.
B) People who are used to eating dinner at 6 P. M. feel hungrier as dinnertime approaches.
C) Children who see an object new to their environment will usually pick it up and try to see
how it works.
D) A rat will learn a maze in order to get food.
74)
75) Which of the following situations does NOT illustrate how a stimulus motive can direct
behavior?
A) People who are used to eating dinner at 6 P.M. feel hungrier as dinnertime approaches.
B) Monkeys kept in a zoo will tend to huddle together.
C) Children seem to have a natural curiosity to learn about the world.
D) A rat in a maze will naturally explore it.
75)
76) Which of the following would be MOST likely to result from a manipulation motive?
A) tapping your fingers on a desktop during a lecture
B) looking for a drugstore in order to buy a newspaper
C) fiddling with a pocket watch during a job interview
D) taking apart a car engine to see how it runs
76)
77) Curiosity has been positively correlated with ________.
A) both creativity and intelligence
B) intelligence, but not creativity
C) neither intelligence nor creativity
D) creativity, but not intelligence
77)
78) Which of the following motives is the only one that is directed toward a specific object that must
be touched, handled, and played with?
A) exploration
B) manipulation
C) contact
D) curiosity
78)
79) Which of the following choices represents an important conclusion that was drawn from
Harlow's classic experiments with monkeys and surrogate mothers?
A) When stressed, newborn primates are most powerfully drawn to their source of
nourishment.
B) Newborn primates cannot survive without their real mothers; newborns given surrogate
mothers refuse to eat and subsequently die.
C) When stressed, newborn primates are most powerfully drawn to a source of “contact
comfort” and warmth.
D) When stressed, newborn primates are powerfully drawn towards their peers.
79)
80) Harry Harlow's famous experiments with isolated newborn monkeys provide convincing
evidence that primates possess a strong ________.
A) need to manipulate objects
B) activity drive
C) need for contact
D) need to control their environment
80)
81) A recent study of premature low birthweight babies who were held and massaged found that
they gained weight ________ and were ________ than those who were touched minimally.
A) faster; more highly aroused
B) slower; calmer
C) slower; more highly aroused
D) faster; calmer
81)
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82) All human behavior that is intended to inflict physical or psychological harm on others is known
as ________ behavior.
A) violent
B) confrontational
C) anger-driven
D) aggressive
82)
83) ________ is a necessary element of virtually all aggression.
A) Anger
B) Psychological harm
C) Physical harm
D) Intent to harm
83)
84) Zorba enjoys toying with his set of car keys while he is talking. These keys probably satisfy his
________ need.
A) exploration
B) activity
C) manipulation
D) contact
84)
85) The manipulation motive is ________.
A) found in all animals
C) limited to primates
85)
B) found in all mammals
D) limited to humans
86) The need for affection, cuddling, and closeness is associated with the ________ motive.
A) activity
B) exploration
C) manipulation
D) contact
86)
87) A monkey will huddle next to a cloth “mother” rather than a wire “mother” when scared, even
when it was nursed from the wire “mother.” This is an example of the ________ motive.
A) manipulation
B) activity
C) contact
D) exploration
87)
88) Each of the following is true of the contact motive EXCEPT it ________.
A) is broader and more universal than the need for manipulation
B) can be passive
C) is usually limited to touching with the fingers
D) helps premature infants gain weight and remain calmer
88)
89) In Harlow's classic experiments, frightened infant monkeys ran to a surrogate “mother” that
offered ________.
A) warmth only
B) food only
C) warmth and closeness
D) food and warmth
89)
90) According to a 1998 FBI report, ________ of American families experience some form of violence.
A) one-quarter
B) one-fifth
C) one-half
D) one-third
90)
91) According to a 2007 FBI report, some ________ women are battered by their partners each year.
A) 3 million to 4 million
B) 300,000 to 400,000
C) 30,000 to 40,000
D) 30 million to 40 million
91)
92) Which of the following is MOST closely linked to aggression?
A) emotional shock
B) frustration
C) depression
D) humiliation
92)
93) Researchers have found that ________ linked to aggression.
A) neither pain nor frustration is
B) frustration, but not pain is
C) pain, but not frustration is
D) both pain and frustration are
93)
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94) Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between frustration and
aggression?
A) Unintentional interference with a task will lead people to become more aggressive.
B) Frustration almost always leads to aggression.
C) Frustration is the least important among several types of experience that can provoke
aggression.
D) Frustration generates aggression most often in those people who have learned aggression
as a coping mechanism.
94)
95) A child is rewarded for constructive behavior and is then frustrated. The child is likely to show
________.
A) no aggression at all
B) less aggression than one who has been rewarded for aggressive behavior
C) as much aggression as one who has been rewarded for aggressive behavior
D) more aggression than one who has been rewarded for aggressive behavior
95)
96) A child is rewarded for aggressive behavior and is then frustrated. The child is likely to show
________.
A) no aggressive behavior at all
B) as much aggression as one who has been rewarded for constructive behavior
C) less aggression than one who has been rewarded for constructive behavior
D) more aggression than one who has been rewarded for constructive behavior
96)
97) Studies of individualist and collectivist cultures find that ________.
A) collectivist cultures tend to be lower than individualist cultures in rates of aggressive
behavior
B) both types of cultures have very high rates of aggressive behavior
C) both types of cultures are equally low in rates of aggressive behavior
D) individualist cultures tend to be lower than collectivist cultures in rates of aggressive
behavior
97)
98) Which of the following people is MOST likely to behave aggressively?
A) an adolescent of either sex
B) a male of any age from any culture
C) an American of either sex
D) an Asian of either sex
98)
99) The need to excel, to overcome obstacles represents the ________ motive.
A) aggression
B) curiosity
C) achievement
99)
D) power
100) Which of the following is NOT one of the three separate, but interrelated aspects of
achievement-oriented behavior identified by Helmrich and Spence?
A) curiosity
B) work-orientation
C) competitiveness
D) mastery
100)
101) Bea has just broken up with her boyfriend. She has a test in school on Friday, but try as she
might, she cannot concentrate on her studies. In this example, Bea's performance is being
interfered with by an intense ________.
A) primary drive
B) emotion
C) secondary drive
D) motivation
101)
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102) Each of the following is true EXCEPT ________.
A) Plutchik's model may describe only the emotions of English-speaking people
B) the number of words a language has to express emotions can impact on the way those
emotions are psychologically experienced
C) some languages do not even have a word for emotion
D) there are relatively few differences in the way different cultures categorize emotions
102)
103) Each of the following is one of the criteria for identifying a primary emotion EXCEPT it
________.
A) is evident in all cultures
B) contributes to survival
C) is evident in all mammals
D) is associated with a distinct facial expression
103)
104) Recent research examining the ability of people from a variety of cultures to identify emotions by
observing facial expressions of others found that there appear to be universally recognized facial
expression for ________ primary emotions.
A) six
B) eight
C) two
D) four
104)
105) Recent research examining the ability of people from a variety of cultures to identify emotions by
observing facial expressions of others found that there appear to be universally recognized facial
expressions for each of the following emotions EXCEPT ________.
A) disgust
B) anger
C) love
D) surprise
105)
106) One of the problems associated with asthma is that once patients experience difficulty breathing,
they often make their symptoms worse by concentrating on them and/or worrying about them.
Consequently, many doctors include relaxation exercises as part of a treatment program to
prevent patients from making their asthmatic reactions worse. This example of how our
awareness of physiological changes can influence or even cause subsequent emotions is most
supportive of which of the following theories of emotion?
A) Cannon-Bard
B) Spiesman
C) Schacter and Singer
D) James-Lange
106)
107) The first modern theory of emotion was formulated by ________.
A) Lange
B) Bard
C) Cannon
107)
D) James
108) Maria has never liked flying; she thinks it is dangerous. Juan loves it; he thinks it is a very
convenient and safe way to travel. They decide to go to Paris together for a vacation, but their
plans are marred by a work stoppage of air traffic controllers. Maria wants to call off the entire
vacation, but Juan is still willing to fly. Which of the following statements about emotions BEST
fits this example?
A) Different reactions to stressful situations are often based on different cognitive appraisals
of the situation.
B) Past experiences and feelings have nothing to do with current emotions.
C) Males and females have different reactions to stress.
D) Males are more adventurous than females.
108)
109) According to Zajonc, cognitions come ________ emotions.
A) at the same time as
B) in spite of
C) before
D) after
109)
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110) A rabbit hears a rustle in some bushes and runs away in fear before it has time to evaluate the
possibilities as to what made the rustling noise. This situation best supports ________ theories of
emotion.
A) Freud's
B) Cannon's
C) Zajonc's
D) Spiesman's
110)
111) A baby reacts with a facial expression of disgust when someone puts sour food in its mouth. This
facial reaction is universally recognizable. This innate reaction best supports ________ ideas of
emotion.
A) Skinner's
B) Izard's
C) Cannon's
D) Spiesman's
111)
112) The ________ theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with
biological changes.
A) James-Lange
B) Cannon-Bard
C) cognitive
D) Schacter-Singer
112)
113) The frequent finding that asthmatics often experience shortness of breath concurrently with
tremendous anxiety is an example of how emotions and physiological symptoms often occur
simultaneously. As such, it supports which of the following theories of emotion?
A) James-Lange
B) Schacter and Singer
C) Spiesman
D) Cannon-Bard
113)
114) The messages we send through position and posture have been called ________.
A) gestures
B) proxemics
C) body language
D) biofeedback
114)
115) Which of the following is NOT true of distance as an indicator of emotion?
A) It is a nonverbal cue to emotion.
B) It is a more reliable indicator of emotion than facial expression.
C) Standing further away than usual may indicate fear or dislike.
D) The acceptable distance to maintain between two people varies from culture to culture.
115)
116) Activity in the brain circuits involving the ________ is critical for the release of emotions.
A) thalamus
B) pons
C) amygdala
D) corpus callosum
116)
117) Activity in the brain circuits involving the ________ is critical for our ability to correctly interpret
facial expressions.
A) thalamus
B) cerebellum
C) corpus callosum
D) amygdala
117)
118) Hand gestures communicate ________, and facial expressions communicate ________.
A) general emotional states; specific emotions
B) general emotional states; general emotional states
C) specific emotions; general emotional states
D) specific emotions; specific emotions
118)
119) The most reliable and universally recognized emotional indicators are ________.
A) facial expressions
B) words
C) body postures
D) vocal intonations
119)
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120) Bob tells Jan that he is feeling fine, but Jan doesn't believe him. What should she focus on to have
the BEST chance to identify any emotions Bob might be hiding?
A) his facial expressions
B) his words
C) his vocal intonations
D) his body posture
120)
121) If we doubt a person's verbal report of the emotion he or she is feeling, which of the following
would be the MOST reliable nonverbal indicator to check?
A) proxemics
B) body posture
C) kinesics
D) facial expressions
121)
122) Men are ________ times as likely as women to be violent in the face of a life crisis.
A) eight
B) four
C) two
D) six
122)
123) In the face of crisis, women are much more likely than men to become ________.
A) depressed
B) insensitive
C) violent
D) angry
123)
124) In a recent study of professional “lie catchers,” only the ________ managed to identify the liars at
a better-than-chance rate.
A) police officers
B) Secret Service agents
C) government lie detector experts
D) psychiatrists
124)
125) In a study in which men and women were shown people in distress, men showed ________.
A) greater levels of physiological arousal but less emotional expression than women
B) the same levels of physiological arousal but less emotional expression than women
C) less physiological arousal and less emotional expression than women
D) the same levels of physiological arousal and emotional expression as women
125)
126) In a study in which males and females reacted to hypothetical situations in which they were
betrayed or criticized, males usually said they would be ________, while females said they
would be ________.
A) angry; hurt
B) hurt; angry
C) hurt; hurt
D) angry; angry
126)
127) When men and women are angered, men tend to turn their anger ________, while women tend
to turn their anger ________.
A) outward; outward
B) outward; inward
C) inward; outward
D) inward; inward
127)
128) Sensitivity to nonverbal cues to emotion ________.
A) decreases with age
C) is not related to sex
128)
B) is better in men than women
D) is better in women than men
129) In a recent study of women over 18 years of age, participants who scored high on hostility but
who did not vent their anger were three times more likely to ________ during the course of the
study.
A) become antisocial
B) develop ulcers
C) become depressed
D) die
13
129)
130) The belief that certain facial expressions represent similar emotions across all cultures is known
as the ________ position.
A) fundamentalist
B) unidimensional
C) universalist
D) culture-learning
130)
131) The belief that facial expressions of emotion are learned within a culture and therefore may vary
greatly from culture to culture is known as the ________ position.
A) multidimensional
B) culture-learning
C) fundamentalist
D) universalist
131)
132) Research indicates that expressions of ________.
A) display rules are universal but primary emotions vary greatly from culture to culture
B) primary emotions and display rules are nearly universal
C) primary emotions and display rules vary greatly from culture to culture
D) primary emotions are universal but display rules vary greatly from culture to culture
132)
133) Culture-specific standards that govern how, when, and why facial expressions of emotion are
shown are known as ________.
A) empathy rules
B) display rules
C) emotion work
D) social mores
133)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
134) Innate tendencies to behave in certain ways in the presence of the proper stimuli that are
characteristic of an entire species are called instincts.
134)
135) Drive-reduction theory explains only some motivated behavior.
135)
136) Sex, hunger, and thirst are all primary drives.
136)
137) The psychological state of hunger is the same as the biological need for food.
137)
138) The brain judges hunger by measuring the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
138)
139) Culture influences what we choose to eat and how much.
139)
140) Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are much more prevalent among females than males.
140)
141) Eating disorders are almost never seen in Asian countries like China.
141)
142) Physiological changes in the body are important in experiencing emotion.
142)
143) There is no universally recognized facial expression for love.
143)
144) Almost all of us conceal our emotions to some extent.
144)
145) Verbal reports provide the most accurate cues to emotional states.
145)
14
146) Men and women often react with very different emotions to the same situation.
146)
147) Women are consistently better than men at deciphering nonverbal cues.
147)
15
Answer Key
Testname: CH 8 BIG REVIEW
1) C
2) D
3) C
4) A
5) A
6) B
7) C
8) C
9) A
10) B
11) D
12) A
13) A
14) D
15) A
16) A
17) C
18) C
19) D
20) D
21) D
22) A
23) A
24) D
25) B
26) A
27) B
28) B
29) C
30) D
31) B
32) D
33) D
34) B
35) C
36) A
37) D
38) C
39) D
40) A
41) A
42) D
43) A
44) B
45) A
46) C
47) D
48) A
49) B
50) B
51) B
52) D
53) B
54) B
55) B
56) D
57) D
58) C
16
Answer Key
Testname: CH 8 BIG REVIEW
59) D
60) A
61) B
62) A
63) D
64) C
65) C
66) C
67) C
68) B
69) B
70) A
71) C
72) D
73) A
74) C
75) A
76) C
77) D
78) B
79) C
80) C
81) D
82) D
83) D
84) C
85) C
86) D
87) C
88) C
89) C
90) A
91) A
92) B
93) D
94) D
95) B
96) D
97) A
98) B
99) C
100) A
101) B
102) D
103) C
104) A
105) C
106) D
107) D
108) A
109) D
110) C
111) B
112) B
113) D
114) C
115) B
116) C
17
Answer Key
Testname: CH 8 BIG REVIEW
117) D
118) A
119) A
120) A
121) D
122) B
123) A
124) B
125) B
126) A
127) B
128) D
129) D
130) C
131) B
132) D
133) B
134) TRUE
135) TRUE
136) TRUE
137) FALSE
138) FALSE
139) TRUE
140) TRUE
141) FALSE
142) TRUE
143) TRUE
144) TRUE
145) FALSE
146) TRUE
147) TRUE
18