WHO
CUBA 1960
Arms, consumer goods and money
?
G
N
I
OM
C
T
I
SAW
RUSSIA & UKRAINE 2014
International community imposes
sanctions on strategic Russian
entities and individuals in response
CZECHOSLOVAKIA 1993
Division of Czechoslovakia and
collapse of currency
IMPO
OPE
RT / EX P O R T E MBARG O
GUINEA 2008
Expropriation of mining licenses
INDONESIA
Live cattle due to poor
animal welfare record
KYRGYZSTAN 2012
Mining sector expropriation
UZBEKISTAN 2006
Newmont and Oxus gold mine
asset nationalisations
ZIMBABWE 2013
White-owned commercial
farms expropriated
BRAZIL 1988
Sovereign debt restructure
ARGENTINA 2001
Sovereign bond default and
de-pegging from dollar
as currency collapsed
ARGENTINA
VIETNAM 2011
Vinashin shipyard allowed to fall
insolvent without sovereign support
LISATION
IONA
NAT
SOV
ERE
IG N
DE
FA
UL
T
&
ION
IAT
PR
RO
XP
,E
ON
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 1982/2005
Sovereign debt default 1982 forcing
wholesale debt restructuring in 2005
SYRIA 2011
Arms and exports of oil
CO
NF
IS
CA
TI
GREECE AND EUROZONE 2012
International bail-out to avoid
withdrawal from and disintegration of
European single currency
MEXICO 1982
Mexico sovereign
debt default
VENEZUELA 2013
Expropriation of 11 oil rigs
ARGENTINA 2012 - Expropriation
of YPF/Repsol Oil assets
to actions in Ukraine
IRELAND 2008
Irish banking system bailout and
wholesale debt restructuring
NIGERIA 2012
Forced to restructure USD 3.5Bn of
unpaid invoices for state oil product
purchases
JAPAN 2011
Animal exports due to postearthquake radiation
RUSSIA & UKRAINE 2013
Crop export bans
RUSSIA 1998
Russian Rouble collapse
PEOPLES OF EUR
IRAN 1979
Recently being re-addressed –
mainly military exports, but also oil,
gas and petrochemicals
MALI 2012
Total embargo to give power back
to the national constitution
INDONESIA 2009
Coal fraud
BOLIVIA 2009
Glencore’s smelter and mining assets
nationalised by Morales
USA 2001
9/11
P O LITI C
IVORY COAST 2011
Civil war
AL V
LIBYA 2012
Revolution and
overthrow of Gaddafi
EUROPE 1995
Barings Bank collapse
following Leeson fraud
RO
YEMEN, EGYPT &
TUNISIA 2011
“Arab Spring”
revolutions
INJUSTICE
M
S
AGAINST
RI
TOGETHER
/W
AR
WHERE NEXT?
IN
ER
RUSSIA 1998
Balkans war and breakup of former Yugoslavia
EUROPE 2008
RBS government bail-out
SO
/T
LV
E
CE
SYRIA 2011
Syrian uprisings
and genocide
EUROPE 2011
Petroplus refinery
insolvency – Pan Europe
NC
EN
Y
IOL
ISRAEL 2014
Hamas missile attacks
provoke Israeli ground
offensive into Gaza
KAZAKHSTAN 2011
Bank Turan Alem major bank
allowed to fail by Kazakh state
MIDDLE EAST 2011
Bahrain bank frauds
IRAN 1979
Iranian Revolution &
fall of the Shah
KENYA 2008
Kenyan civil unrest and genocide
PERU 2011
New taxes and selective
discriminatory laws
UKRAINE 2014
Annexation of Crimea and
ongoing civil unrest and violence
CHINA 1989
Chinese uprisings and massacre
in Tiananmen Square
MONGOLIA 2011
Renegotiation of investment laws,
change of government
NIGERIA 2008
Banking sector collapse followed by
fraud and mismanagement
USA 2008
Collapse of Lehman Brothers
ANGOLA 2011
New mining code nationalising 10%
of extracted products
USA 2002
Enron Bankruptcy – Investment grade
to Chapter 11 in under a week
INDONESIA 2012
Capping foreign ownership of mines
and imposition of new export taxes
USA 2002
WorldCom Bankruptcy
N
THAILAND 2013
Political uprisings
D.R. CONGO 2007
Termination of international
mining contracts
RO
SUDAN 2011
Splits into North and South
following bloody civil war
and ongoing disputes
DUBAI 2009
Financial boom to bust
CE C ANCELLATION
EN
IRAQ 2003
Second Gulf War &
overthrow of
Saddam Hussein
LIC E N
1400 Smith Street