Reinert-Alumni Library, Creighton University (July 2016)
American Psychological Association (APA) Style
APA Style is commonly used for the social sciences and business
Book (1 author)
Carter, S. (2007). The new language of business: SOA and web 2.0. Upper Saddle River, NJ: IBM Press/Pearson.
Book (2 authors)
Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Macmillan.
Book (chapter)
Roll, W. P. (1976). ESP and memory. In J. M. O. Wheatley & H. L. Edge (Eds.), Philosophical dimensions of parapsychology (pp.
154-184). Springfield, IL: American Psychiatric Press.
Journal Article (3 to 7 authors)
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than
whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65,
1190-1204.
Journal Article (more than 7 authors)
Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., . . . Rubin, L. H. (2009). Web site usability
for the blind and low-vision user. Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.
After the sixth author's name, use ellipses (three dots) in place of the names and include the final author’s name at the end.
E-Journal Article (with DOI)
Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41,
1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
E-Journal Article (without DOI)
Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8. Retrieved from
http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html
Abstract from an Online Database
Yeh, H. C. & Lempers, J. D. (2004). Perceived sibling relationships and adolescent development. Journal of Youth and
Adolescence, 33(2),133-147. Abstract retrieved from PsycINFO database. (Accession No. 2004-10744-005)
Magazine Article
Weintraub, P. (2009, July/August). The new survivors. Psychology Today, 42(4), 86-93.
Newspaper Article
White, R. (2008, June 13). Mav has Olympic-sized dream. Omaha World Herald, p. 03C.
Encyclopedia Article in Print
Bergman, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia
Britannica.
Online Encyclopedia Article (with DOI)
Callaghan, T. V. (2001). Arctic ecosystems. In Encyclopedia of life sciences (eLS). doi:10.1038/npg.els.0003197
Use the DOI with prefix when available. To wrap a long URL to the next line, insert the break before punctuation marks.
Online Encyclopedia Article (without DOI)
Mitra, A. P. (2007) Chemotherapy. In G. A. Colditz (Ed.), Encyclopedia of cancer and society. Retrieved from http://www
.sage-ereference.com/cancer/Article_n141.html
Reinert-Alumni Library, Creighton University (July 2016)
E-Book
Grunes, D. T. (2014). What Shakespeare teaches us about psychoanalysis: A local habitation and a name. Retrieved from
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/creighton/docDetail.action?docID=10880316
For more information on citing e-books, see pages 16+ in the APA Style Guide to Electronic References.
Web Site (no date)
Thaller, M. (n.d.) Cool cosmos. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/
For more information on citing websites, see pages 31+ of the APA Style Guide to Electronic References.
Film, Video Recording or DVD
Kubrick, S. (Director). (1980). The shining [Motion picture]. United States: Warner Brothers.
Government Document or Group Author
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2003). New transportation and service productivity measures (BLS
Report No. 964). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Scripture
An entry in the reference list is not required for scripture. Identify in the first citation which version is used, as in this example:
1 Cor. 13:1-13 (Douay Version)
Online Forum or Discussion Board Posting
Frook, B. D. (1999, July 23). New inventions in the cyber world of toylandia [Msg 25]. Message posted to
http://groups.earthlink.com/forum/messages/00025.html
Media (Video Clip)
Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. Video posted to
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs
Citing References in Text
Citation type
First citation
Subsequent citations
Parenthetical, first time
Parenthetical, subsequent
1 author
Walker (2007)
Walker (2007)
(Walker, 2007)
(Walker, 2007)
2 authors
Walker and Allen 2004)
Walker and Allen (2004)
(Walker & Allen, 2004)
(Walker & Allen, 2004)
3 authors
4 authors
5 authors
Bradley, Ramirez, and
Soo (1999)
Bradley, Ramirez, Soo,
and Walsh (2006)
Walker, Allen, Bradley,
Ramirez, and Soo (2008)
Bradley et al. (2006)
Bradley et al. (2006)
Walker et al. (2008)
(Bradley, Ramirez, & Soo,
1999)
(Bradley, Ramirez, Soo, &
Walsh, 2006)
(Walker, Allen, Bradley,
Ramirez, & Soo, 2008)
(Bradley et al., 1999)
(Bradley et al., 2008)
Walker et al., 2008)
6+ authors
Stein et al. (2005)
Stein et al. ( 2005)
(Stein et al., 2005)
(Stein et al., 2005)
Group
National Institute of Mental
Health (NIMH, 2003)
NIMH (2003)
(National Institute of Mental
Health [NMIH], 2003)
(NMIH, 2003)
2 works by
same author,
same year
(Reed, 2005a, 2005b).
Identify works by the same author published in the same year with the suffixes a, b, c (etc.).
Suffixes are assigned in the bibliography, where references appear alphabetically.
From the Publication Manual of the APA (2010), p. 177.
Other citation questions?
APA Publication Manual – REF BF 76.7 P83 2010
APA Style Guide to Electronic References – REF BF 76.7 A63 2012 or online at: http://hdl.handle.net/10504/49930
How to Cite Your Sources: http://www.creighton.edu/fileadmin/user/reinert/docs/instruction/APA.pdf