Daily English Vocab
PDF 15th Nov 2016
The big deal with Japan
When India conducted its nuclear tests in 1998, Japan was the country that took it the hardest: it
put all political exchanges with India on hold, froze aid and announced economic sanctions
(प्रतिबंध/penalties or deterrents) within hours. A thaw (सामान्य होना/नम्र होना/being normal to deal
with) in ties didn’t come until 2001, when sanctions were lifted. And then, in 2009, the two
countries began an annual strategic (रणनीति-सबं ंधी/policy for action) dialogue. This has now come
to fruition with the signing of the nuclear cooperation agreement in Tokyo during Prime Minister
Narendra Modi’s visit. The deal is critical to India’s renewable energy plans. Japanese companies
that produce cutting-edge reactor technology were previously not allowed to supply parts to India.
In addition, Japanese companies have significant holdings in their U.S. and French partners
negotiating for nuclear reactors now, and that would have held up the deals. This is Japan’s first
nuclear deal with a non-signatory to the Non Proliferation (प्रसार/spread or escalation) Treaty,
and it recognizes India’s exemplary record in nuclear prudence (समझदारी/तििेकी/सािधानी/wisdom). It
is indeed a much-needed moral boost as New Delhi strives (प्रयास करना/उद्यम करना/ to endeavor) for
membership in the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). The move will boost the meager (अत्यल्प/शीणण/
few or little), and dipping, bilateral trade of $15 billion, and lift the strategic military and defence
relationship.
There are several riders to this rosy prognosis (पूिाण नुमान/प्राग्ज्ञान/भतिष्य-कथन/expecting or waiting for
something to happen), however. First, the nuclear deal has to be approved by Japan’s Parliament.
This will not be aided by unhelpful references such as those made recently by Defence Minister
Manohar Parrikar, about revisiting India’s no-first-use nuclear weapons policy. In Japan, Prime
Minister Shinzo Abe may face criticism that he extracted too few assurances from India on a
nuclear test ban. In India, Mr. Modi may be criticised for giving in too much, as a note slipped into
the agreement now accepts an emergency suspension of the deal if India tests a weapon. The clock
is ticking, and Mr. Abe must bring the deal to Parliament in early 2017 to ensure that the
commercial agreement for Westinghouse’s six reactors in Andhra Pradesh that is due in June 2017
comes through. This will also coincide with the next plenary (पररपूणण/तिस्िृि) of the NSG. Both New
Delhi and Tokyo must also be wary (सािधान/चौकस/चौकन्ना/alert) of the impact on Beijing of this new
stage in their ties. China has been hedging (प्रतिरक्षा/प्रतिरक्षा/बचाि-व्यिस्था/ in defence) against deeper
Japan-India ties in Asia by investing in its relationship with Russia and Pakistan. As the two Asian
rivals to China, India and Japan might need the partnership even more in the days to come, as the
U.S. President-elect has indicated a lower level of interest in “playing policeman” in the region.
(Courtesy: The Hindu)
1. Sanctions (noun): A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule. (प्रतिबध
ं )
 Synonyms: Penalty, Punishment, Deterrent, Punitive Action, Boycott, Barrier, Restriction.
 Antonyms: Aid, Help, Assist, Support.
Example: Because of disobeying the nuclear rules, UN has put sanctions on certain counties.
Verb forms: Sanction, Sanctioned, Sanctioned.
Related words:
 Sanction (verb) - प्रतिबंध लगाना
2. Thaw (noun): To become friendlier or more relaxed/ operational. (सामान्य होना/नम्र होना)
 Synonyms: Soften, Relent, Relax, Mollified.
 Antonyms: Hard, Harsh, Strict, Stringent.
Example: The report shows that relations between the two enemies may be thawing.
Verb forms: Thaw, Thawed, Thawed.
Related words:
 Thaw (verb) - परिचालन योग्य होना
3. Strategic (adjective): Relating to the identification of long-term or overall aims and interests
and the means of achieving them. (रणनीति-सबं ंधी)
 Synonyms: Planning, Calculated Move, Critical Move.
 Antonyms: Inessential, Insignificant, Trivial, Unnecessary, Unplanned.
Example: In the Kargil war India showed much strategic skills, and their knowledge of
fortification was very remarkable.
Related words:
 Strategical (adjective) - कूटनीतिक

Strategically (adverb) - कूटनीतिक दृति से

Strategics (noun) - कूटनीति
4. Proliferation (noun): Rapid increase in the number or amount of something. (प्रसार)
 Synonyms: Spreading, Dissemination, Dispersion, Expansion.
 Antonyms: Suppressing, Contracting.
Example: A Pakistani scientist is believed to be behind the proliferation of nuclear weapons in
places such as Libya and Iran.
Verb forms: Proliferate, Proliferated, Proliferated.
Related words:
 Proliferate (verb) – फै लना
5. Prudence (noun): Careful good judgment that allows someone to avoid danger or risks.
(समझदारी/तििेकी/सािधानी)


Synonyms: Caution, Care, Attentiveness, Thoughtfulness, Wariness, Discretion,
Discrimination, Judgment.
Antonyms: Carelessness, Ignorance, Indiscretion, Thoughtlessness, Inattention.
Example: A prudent person always pays for everything with cash so he will not build up a pile
of debt.
Related words:
 Prudent (adjective) - तििेकी

Prudential (adjective) - चाियु य पर्ू य

Prudently (adverb) - तििेकपर्ू य ढंग से
6. Strive (verb): Make great efforts to achieve or obtain something. (प्रयास करना/उद्यम करना)
 Synonyms: Endeavor, Practice, Try, Attempt, Toil.
 Antonyms: Neglect, Forget, Laze, Forget.
Example: We must work together, and strive for peace, despite our history and our differences.
Verb forms: Strive, Strived, Strived.
7. Meager (adjective): (of something provided or available) Lacking in quantity or quality.
(अत्यल्प/शीणण)
 Synonyms: Inadequate, Restricted, Insufficient, Deficient, Insubstantial.
 Antonyms: Adequate, Ample, Enough, Plentiful, Significant, Substantial, Sufficient.
Example: Because you only earn a meager salary, you should be very careful about your
spending.
Related words:
 Meagerly (adverb) - तकफायि से
8. Prognosis (noun): A forecast of the likely outcome of a situation. (पूिाण नुमान/प्राग्ज्ञान/भतिष्य-कथन)
 Synonyms: Forecast, Prediction, Projection, Prognostication, Prophecy.
 Antonyms: Calculation, Measurement, Reckoning.
Example: Due to the company’s financial prognosis, we will probably be out of business in less
than three months.
Verb forms: Prognosticate, Prognosticated, Prognosticated.
Related words:
 Prognostic (adjective) - पिू ायभासी

Prognosticate (verb) - पिू य संकेि किना

Prognostication (noun) - पिू ायनमु ान

Prognosticative (adjective) - भतिष्यसचू क
9. Plenary (adjective): Complete in every respect. (पररपूणण/तिस्िृि)
 Synonyms: Absolute, Complete, Full, Inclusive, Replete.
 Antonyms: Incomplete, Partial, Limited.
Example: The plenary legislative session will be attended by members of both congressional
houses.
10. Hedging (noun): Providing protection or defense. (प्रतिरक्षा/प्रतिरक्षा/बचाि-व्यिस्था)
 Synonyms: Defense, Protective Agent, Safeguard, Security, Parry.
 Antonyms: Face, Confront, Encounter, Exposed.
Example: Since he fought almost everyone in the college, he should have connect to some
harmonic and strong persons as a hedging purpose.
Verb forms: Hedge, Hedged, Hedged.
Related words:
 Hedge (verb) - बचाि किना
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