From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 16, 2017. For personal use only.
The
B1,
Vitamin
Content
of
Human
Nutritional
A Comparison
By
E.
MARIAN
HE
SWENDSEID,
that
the
of this
functionsing
of
absorption
timise nsust
blinid
status
B,,
is the
of the body
that vitamins
is greatly
ins terms
B,,
GEa:sID1xE
vitamisims
ins the
reduced
with
Groups
measuring
certaims
absorptioms
of evidence
clinical
is inspaired.
pernicious
B,
accunsulationi
in
tract
associated
of the
in the
In
stores
It has
a relapse
first-
anemia,’
quest-ions
anisw’eriisg
be
arise
patterni
this
comiditiomis
Lack
of absorptiomi
total
gastrectomny,4
is this
pm’oduces
of paransoumit
liver
possibly
arid
There
considerably
is sonic
greater
inspor-
other
chimiical
is the
tlsans
organs
evidensce
case vitls
been reported
that iii perrsi(’ious
amiensia,
wheni
misay miot oc(’ur for periods
of as lomsg as three
of 46 cases
of
B,, deficiemicy
tot-al
ins 12.
four years
or nsore
after
strrgen’y.
The present
imsvestigat.ioms
was mnnidertakems
therapy
years.8
a mssa(’n’ocyti(’
amiemisia
inn1mm), the nsnsemisia appeared
gastrectomiiy,
developed
Whens
w’hsere
: how munch
synsptonss
questiomn,
the
in
requirensent.
may
to
absorptiomi
B1, storage
of vitansin
tissue
Ims a survey
report9
dicative
of a vitamins
Its
instestimial
loop syndronse,6
as well as with old age.7
of vitansins
B,, is comssidered
inn those
imsdividuals
of vitanisims
other
B vitansins.
is discontinued,
and
HALSTED
resulted
gastrointestinal
deficiency?
extent
for
has
has been reduced,
one
elapse
before
a change
of a vitansin
tance
vitansin
B,, has been
of vitamin
sprue,’
and the
I he nutritional
form’3
the
Age
HvoLBou,
A.
JAMES
of methods
Co6#{176}
labeled
absorption
where
of Various
ELIZABETH
ANI)
INTRODUCTION
using
Tissue
Significance
Study
SCHICK
T
Liver
as a sun’vey
study
to obtain
definite
informatioms
regardimig
the ext-emit of vitamin
13,
body
stores
by act.sral
nseasurememit of the vitamins
(‘omitenit. of liver tissue.
Since it has beens repon’ted
that
1)100(1
levels
of vitamin
B,, are low’er 115 01(1 age1’ amid suggested
that a (le(’n’eased
nil)sorption
of the vitamimi
may occur
inn inidividuals
ins the older
age gm’onmp, it was
decided
to compare
the liven’ stores
of vitamins
B,2 accom’dinng
to age
groirps
to
determine
w’hether
there
ss’as any evidence
of (lepletiomi
inn 01(1 age.
M E’rnons
The
liver
tissue
cases, all males.
as cause
of death,
vitamini
B12
fore
used
the
Moreover,
death
as
I)epartmenmts
in
Inc.,
part
Orange,
Presented
in part
Submitted
April
at
msot ideal.
grants
J.
and
meeting
accepted
might
However,
the
of
the
for
vary
this
Upjohmmm
Funds
Am.
of Biol.
publications
24
Soc.
May
Los
lalanmmazoo,
(‘hem.,
19,
1956.
amid
.-liril.
the
t imere
-
separately
disease
and
Anmgele’.
of the ITniiversity
132
suchi
immfluemsce
group
sinmce
Ciiemmmistr
(‘enmter,
of
ta(’tors
to conisider
cirrhmosis
Compamiv.
Research
a total
manmy
time age
(lecide(1
was
ration
from
t hal
coniceivaisly
with
Physiological
Admmsinmist
Camicer
autopsy
realized
it was
amid
Ecomnomics,
from
by
at
it. was
of mmimtritioms could
climmicallv
Honie
N.
the
state
obtained
amid
factors
time Veteranms
by
5, 1956;
and
recorded
of
,usd
was
exansinmed
these
were
of California
Supported
Organon
of
analysis
were
of ilinmess,
stores.
con(iitions
ommlv omme cause
From
vitaniimi
records
duratiomi
liver
experimemit-al
Ummiversity
foi’
Clinical
of
time
Medicinie,
(‘aiifornmia.
Michigami
:nnmd
of (‘aliforniia.
1955.
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 16, 2017. For personal use only.
swENDsEIm),
TABI.F:
HYOLBOLL,
1 .-liliiiiiin
in-
1112
Liver
SCHICK
Tissue
AND
Assaijed
at
Time
Various
Vitamin
Time
(‘y per
Bi,
6 hours
hours
.80
48
hours
.88
72
homrrs
.92
2.-Vitamin
B12
(‘ontent
of
\‘ears
No.
of
Cases
to
40
12
0.46-1.09
to
61)
31
0.17-1
79
10
0.20-1.41
0.06-0.46
would
of
omiiy
study
nsinsistered
if
assay
was
inn iH
assayed
tine
was
alkali-labile,
for
respommse
given
is ai)sorbed
in
extremely
the
liver
rel)resenst
leichmannii
1)resent
wimen
first-
the
stal)ihity
for
liver
kept
det-em’mninied
of vitamisin
tissue
In
table
grans
of
wet
‘y. The
1.40
y per
identical
values
y
per
2 the
values
tissue
are
Since
obtaimsed
was
acid
mans
a true
derivatives
techmnmic),
measure
whmich
extract
activity
of ‘‘vitanssinm
cause
a growt
ii
concentrations.’3
ins liver
tissue.
Table
I shows
over
a time
interval
was
feasible
frons
the
that
poimst.
of
view
of
B1, values
vitamins
of several
under
ins the study
expressed
amid grouped
accordiiig
days
as ‘y of vitanssims
to the age of the
40, of which
there
were thirteen
vitamin
Bm, per Gus. of liver
tissue
40 to 60 year age group
of 31
Gmis. with
ams average
of 0.73
ins temi
cases
of a vit-amisims Br, deficienscy
an(i
ad-
12
of
cases
inn the
higher
cirrhosis
nsight
had
‘y. Range
where
w’it-h
the
highest
value
in
an
individual
79
the
an
i’heni
it
Whems
years
over 60. The
average
value
s’as expected
actual
values
of age.
B,,
er
subject..
range
average
a wider
range,
frons
amid average
values
age group
thams the
he foumsd.
cases,
for
ea(’h case
were
plotted
in a scattergrans
(fig. 1) there
was rio
en(’y for higher
or lower
values
to be associated
wit-h a particular
The lowest
value,
other
than
for the cirrhosis
cases,
was obtained
old
from
orally
(Potter-Elvehjem
study
obtained
recorded
‘y of
obtainied
Gnn.
that
EStLTs
with these
figures
were obtaimied
for all age groups
are considerably
deuces
Cases
excluded
15 mmsinutes. The filtered
all of the microbiologic
the
constamit
.
homogenized
in conmsiderable
were
is evidensce
amoummsts.’’
mmurcleic
amid nietabohism,
purposes
tensperature.
For the age groinp
fronn 0.46 to 1 .09
0.72
B,,
remisained
at icebox
that-
0.71
0.26
storage
aumtociaved
time valise
R
It. was
was
0.73
There
limited
amsy of the
0.72
therapeutic
l)arenterall)’.
tissue
that
assumed
hot
tissue)
.40
on vitamin
for
butTer
at 1 to ItIX) dilutiomi, and
vitanmiimm B12 using
L. leichmannii.4’
it was
L.
effect
was
amid (lid
of
a direct
vitamins
proce(iumre,
4.5
B12 activity”
lsave
1m2 adniinistrmntion
vitansimn
vitamimn
1mm the
l)laced
presunmably
a hmistory
wet
Gm
Average
40
itself
per
Range
--
20
(lrrhmosis
the
- .-
-
Uver6O
(n
Ba
___________________________________________
_________
imavimmg
tissue)
Liver
Vitamin
liver
Gm. wet
.86
TABLE
in
Intervals
.80
24
7 days
Age
25
HALSTE[)
s’as
of
0.17 to
alnsost
average
of 0.26
t-hat cviobtaimied
temidage group.
ins a 36 year
apparent
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 16, 2017. For personal use only.
26
VITAMIX
B2
COX’I’EXT
OF
iVMAX
TmssuF:
LIVER
1.4
a,
3
a,
.!
10
4-
a,
E0,8
AVS.-tOt#{149}40
YES,
-
AVS.OVIJ
ESTEE.
#{149}
t-
CIERNOSIS
.----------
0.6
N
..
n
X
#{149}
0.4
x
x
>
X
-
____4___.
x
---
x
02
x
x
0.0
20
30
40
50
60
80
70
90
AGE in years
X
Fnu.
amid
1.-Tine
including
B,2 contenmt
vitamins
temm cases
of
humans
of
liver;
132 cases
arratmged
LIVER
CiflRIIO$
accor(himmg
to
ige
cirrimosis.
1)nscu-ssiox
A commsiderable
ransge of values
was obtainsed
vitansin
B,, in liver
tissue
inn this
survey
study.
indicate
ansong
that. any
the
ciemscy
two
\‘as
found
It
of
lo’
s’as
unst-reated
associate(l
less
imsdicated
pernicious
than
that
0.10
mi this
imifluemicethe vitamin
nieoplastic
a value
disease
riot
exists
B,, constenst.
ins vitamin
with
t.o contaimi
niiight
actual
with
sigmiificanstly
with
a greatly
‘y per
imivestigatioms,
ann average
different
do
of
ionss that
penn
study,
biopsy
was assayed
for
liver
a defi-
icious
liver
not
anemia
tissue
from
B,2
vitaminn
ansd
Gmis.
cause
amid
Ins the
of 0.69
y of vitamins
froni
level
the
stores.
Bms liver
reduced
Ins this
amiemisia
figures
Bm2 contemit
suggest
fronis
of
mneasuremisennt
the
inn vitamins
groups
amid they do not. sumpport.
vitamins
is prevalentinn old age.
has reported
that
liver
tissue
obtained
of this
patients
difference
the
Flowever,
age
various
G irdwood’4
I)atielsts
widespread
by
the
of the
overall
vitansins
survey
average.
i’as
durationn
illness
of
there
wen’e
32
1112 per
Gmss.
of
The
onil
cirrhosis.
cases
liver,
(hsease
Apparently
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 16, 2017. For personal use only.
SWENDSEID,
the dannaged
niacrocytic
has
1)eems
liver
amsemnia
HVOLBOLL,
is umsable
of cirrhosis
by
suggested
to
store
might
Wimstrobe.’5
tion could
he made
hetweens
nsimn B comitemst of the liver.
SCHICK
ANI)
vitamimi
B,,.
It would
result
frons a vitamimn
However,
in
the
Assummiiinsg
that
the
mainstemsannce
dose
(parenteral)
calculat-ionss
average
of the
would
the
B,,
total
of liver
present
cells.
Gm.
TIse
evidemice
that
tional
would
be
measurement
for
It would
six
13k,
vitamin
as 1500
years
therefore,
B1, from the gastro-intestinal
of a deficiency
state.
mno correla-
pernicious
Gus.,
Cm.,
period.
if all
results.ms
therapy.
aniemisia
daily
requireliver stores.
If
themn on the
enough
rFhe
were
basis
‘itamsiins
11,2
highest
values
available
to
body
the liver
corroborates
the clinical
of this vitaniinn
immterms
of nutni-
in
storage
appear
with
the
as
and the vitaB,, deficiency
from
clinical
to vitaniin
B,,
patient
0.70
‘y per
a three
year
for
is a comnsiderable
requiremisenit.
of vitansin
developniient-
the
is taken
sufficient
of
there
study,
represent-s
ams adequate
n’egardinsg
the vitamin
B,,
tissue
average
value
of approximately
he presemit
inn the liver to last
of I .4 ‘y per
for
day
per
cans he made
weight
appear
that
1312 deficiency,
the degree
of ansensia
prior
to death
‘I’hat factors
other
than
a vitansims
are inivolved
ins the product-ion
of aniensia
is iusdicated
Only
o(’casionnally
(loes the anemia
of cirrhosis
respond
of I ‘y vitamins
nsemnt-,17 sonic
27
HALSTED
that
tract
a decrease
wound
riot
the
vitansini
result
inn the
absorption
inn the
imnsediate
SUMMARY
Ramige
arsd
average
values
value
obtaimsed
at autopsy
was approximately
was
0.26
‘
per Gm.
ences
ins vitansims
tissue
groups
nsims stored
to
last
a period
reported
in the
large
various
ins terms
of several
Es
reportate
le valores
hepatic
age
groups.
IN
grande
of liver
the
amount
of vita-
amid is probably
e medic
al rnecropsia
differentias
il pare que
in
pro
sufficiente
comstennt
sufficienit
INTERLINGUA
maxinso-minimal
obtenite
nulle
apparenste
de etate.
Inn plus,
relativensenite
menito
Also,
of requirement
de
cons
de plure
contensto
de
Le valor
vitansimia
medic
pro
0,70 2g per g de histo humide.
jzg per g. Le conclusion
esseva
qune
del reservas
Ic quamititat-e
comparat-ion
uns peniodo
del
132 inidividuos.
omne
gruppos
de etate
esseva
approximativement
In casos de cirrhosis,
le valor medic
esseva
0,26
il existe
gruppos
B,,
years.
SUMMARIO
B1, ins hist-os
for
132 individuals.
Th
average
value
for all age
0.70
‘y per Gm.
of wet tissues.
In cirrhosis
the average
It was concluded
that
there
are rio apparent
differ-
Bm, stores
is relatively
for
are
from
su
de vitamina
del vitamina
requirimentos.
B,, in le vane
accumulate
es
JIb
es
prohabile-
anmios.
REFERENCES
Hmx,
H.,
(and
of excretion
Am.
2
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hmunmamns
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the
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after
860,
\.,
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MEAUmIASm,
of Co’#{176}-labeled
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vitammsini
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excre-
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&
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GELLmN,
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A.:
adnsimmistered
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radioactive
measunrensenmts
vitamin
B12.
in
13100(1
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SWENDSEID,
B12
after
total
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REmSNER,
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armemia.
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aged
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L.:
Biol.
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ii: 56,
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L., ANI) JoNEs,
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From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 16, 2017. For personal use only.
1957 12: 24-28
The Vitamin B12 Content of Human Liver Tissue and Its Nutritional
Significance : A Comparison Study of Various Age Groups
MARIAN E. SWENDSEID, ELIZABETH HVOLBOLL, GERALDINE SCHICK and JAMES A. HALSTED
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