AWARENESS ON NON
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
24-03-2017
Presenter:
Dr. Manase Frank
[MD: Univ. of Dar es Salaam TZ, MPMed: Univ. of Cape Town SA, MPH: Johns Hopkins Univ USA, Post Doc: Johns Hopkins Univ. USA]
CEO & Founder The Community Center for Preventive Medicine
BOX 10354 Kinyerezi Mwisho, Ilala; Dar es Salaam Tanzania www.ccpmedine.or.tz
CONTENTS
1. OBJECTIVES
2. CONTENTS
3. LINK TO THE LECTURE NOTES DERIVED FROM
https://youtu.be/AoNDvaqMMWM
OBJECTIVES
• AWARE ON NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
WITH A FOCUS ON:
HYPERTENSION
STROKE
HEART ATTACK
• CANCERS OF:
PROSTATE, CERVICX AND BREAST
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What is Blood Pressure?
• The force of blood against the wall of the
arteries.
• Systolic- as the heart beats
• Diastolic - as the heart relaxes
• Written as systolic over diastolic.
• Normal Blood pressure is less than 130 mm Hg
systolic and less than 85 mm Hg diastolic.
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High Blood Pressure
• A consistent blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg
or higher is considered high blood pressure.
• It increases chance for heart disease, kidney
disease, and for having a stroke.
• 1 out of 4 Americans have High BP
• Tanzania 4 out of 10 people have BP
• Has no warning signs or symptoms.
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Why is High Blood Pressure
Important?
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Makes the Heart work too hard.
Makes the walls of arteries hard.
Increases risk for heart disease and stroke.
Can cause heart failure, kidney disease, and
blindness.
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How Does It Effect the Body?
The Brain
• High blood pressure is the most important risk
factor for stroke.
• Can cause a break in a weakened blood vessel
which then bleeds in the brain.
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The Heart
• High Blood Pressure is a major risk factor for
heart attack.
• Is the number one risk factor for Congestive
Heart Failure.
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The Kidneys
• Kidneys act as filters to rid the body of wastes.
• High blood pressure can narrow and thicken
the blood vessels.
• Waste builds up in the blood, can result in
kidney damage.
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The Eyes
• Can eventually cause blood vessels to break
and bleed in the eye.
• Can result in blurred vision or even blindness.
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The Arteries
• Causes arteries to harden.
• This in turn causes the kidneys and heart to
work harder.
• Contributes to a number of problems.
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What causes High Blood Pressure?
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Causes vary
Narrowing of the arteries
Greater than normal volume of blood
Heart beating faster or more forcefully than it
should
• Another medical problem
• The exact cause is not known.
3/23/2016
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Who can develop High Blood
Pressure?
• Anyone, but it is more common in:
• African Americans- get it earlier and more
often then Caucasians.
• As we get older. 60% of Americans over 60
have hypertension.
• Overweight, family history
• High normal bp:135-139/85-89 mm Hg.
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Detection
• Dr.’s will diagnose a person with 2 or more
readings of 140/90mm Hg or higher taken on
more than one occasion.
• White-Coat Hypertension
• Measured using a spygmomameter.
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Tips for Having your blood pressure
taken.
• Don’t drink coffee or smoke cigarettes for 30
minutes before.
• Before test sit for five minutes with back
supported and feet flat on the ground. Test
your arm on a table even with your heart.
• Wear short sleeves so your arm is exposed.
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Tips for having blood pressure taken.
• Go to the bathroom before test. A full bladder
can affect bp reading.
• Get 2 readings and average the two of them.
• Ask the Dr. or nurse to tell you the result in
numbers.
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Categories of High Blood Pressure
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Ages 18 Years and Older)
Blood Pressure Level (mm Hg)
Category Systolic Diastolic
Optimal** < 120 < 80
Normal < 130 < 85
High Normal 130–139 85–89
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Categories of High Blood Pressure
High Blood Pressure
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Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
140–159 /90–99
160–179 /100–109
180 /110
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Medicine
Preventing Hypertension
Adopt a healthy lifestyle by:
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Following a healthy eating pattern.
Maintaining a healthy weight.
Being Physically Active.
Limiting Alcohol.
Quitting Smoking.
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DASH diet
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Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
Was an 11 week trial.
Differences from the food pyramid:
an increase of 1 daily serving of veggies.
and increase of 1-2 servings of fruit.
inclusion of 4-5 servings of nuts,seeds, and
beans.
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Tips for Reducing Sodium
• Buy fresh, plain frozen or canned “no added
salt” veggies.
• Use fresh poultry, lean meat, and fish.
• Use herbs, spices, and salt-free seasonings at
the table and while cooking.
• Choose convenience foods low in salt.
• Rinse canned foods to reduce sodium.
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Maintain Healthy Weight
• Blood pressure rises as weight rises.
• Obesity is also a risk factor for heart disease.
• Even a 10# weight loss can reduce blood
pressure.
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Be Physically Active
• Helps lower blood pressure and lose/ maintain
weight.
• 30 minutes of moderate level activity on most
days of week. Can even break it up into 10
minute sessions.
• Use stairs instead of elevator, get off bus 2
stops early, Park your car at the far end of the
lot and walk!
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Limit Alcohol Intake
Alcohol raises blood pressure and can harm
liver, brain, and heart
What counts as a drink?
• 12 oz beer
• 5 oz of wine
• 1.5 oz of 80 proof whiskey
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Quit Smoking
• Injures blood vessel walls
• Speeds up process of hardening of the
arteries.
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Other Treatment
• If Lifestyle Modification is not working, blood
pressure medication may be needed, there
are several types:
• Diuretics-work on the kidney to remove access
water and fluid from body to lower bp.
• Beta blockers-reduce impulses to the heart
and blood vessels.
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Other Treatment
• ACE inhibitors- cause blood vessels to relax
and blood to flow freely.
• Angiotensin antagonists- work the same as
ACE inhibitors.
• Calcium Channel Blockers- causes the blood
vessel to relax and widen.
• Alpha Blocker- blocks an impulse to the heart
causing blood to flow more freely.
3/23/2016
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Other Treatment
• Alpha-beta blockers- work the same as beta
blockers, also slow the heart down.
• Nervous system inhibitors- slow nerve
impulses to the heart.
• Vasodilators- cause blood vessel to widen,
allowing blood to flow more freely.
3/23/2016
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Conclusion
• Hypertension is a very controllable disease,
with drastic consequences if left uncontrolled.
• Some Material kwenye Yu Tube:
https://youtu.be/AoNDvaqMMWM
3/23/2016
The Community Center for Preventive
Medicine