The study of relationships and interactions of living things with one another and with their environment.
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A division of an area with similar climate, plants and animals
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Biomes of the World
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Ecosystem:
Community of organisms interacting with their abiotic environment
Community:
All living things in an area
Coral Reef Ecosystem: Northwest Hawaiian Islands
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Population:
A group of individuals of a species occupying a specific region
Individual Organism: 1 Prairie Dog
Prairie Dogs: Santa Fe, New Mexico
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Levels of Ecological
Organization:
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Classifying
Organisms
Autotroph: Organism that can make its own food from simple substances
Producers: Can make their own food
Example: plants
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Classifying
Organisms
Heterotroph: Organism unable to make its own food
§ Consumers: Organism that feeds directly or indirectly on producers.
o Herbivores: Organisms that eat plants (producers)
o Examples:
o Carnivore: Flesh eating organism
o Examples:
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More
Heterotrophs
o Omnivores: Organisms that eat both plants and animals
o Examples:
o Decomposers: Organisms that feed on dead organic matter and breaks it down into simpler substances
o Examples:
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ORganism
Relationships
o Predator: organism that kills to and eats other organisms
o Prey: organism that gets killed and eaten by a predator
o Predator/Prey Examples:
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Food Chain
Food and energy links between the different plants and animals in an ecosystem.
o Arrows represent the flow of energy in a food chain or food web.
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Food Web
All food chains in an ecosystem that are connected.
o Arrows represent the flow of energy in a food chain or food web.
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Energy
Pyramid
The flow of energy from the producer through the various consumers.
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Energy Pyramid
o An energy pyramid’s shape shows how the amount of useful energy that enters each level ‐ chemical energy in the form of food. Note that the amount of energy decreases as it is used by the organisms in that level.
o Label the each layer. Then label the layer of the pyramid with the MOST energy and the layer with the least energy.
Least Energy
Quarternary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers
Most Energy
Producers
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