Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Ethnocentrism and
Racism
Week 01
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Ethnocentrism and Racism
The learning objectives for week 01 are:
– to understand the origins and meaning of the terms
Western and Nonwestern
– to understand the nature of racism and ethnocentrism and
the reasons why anthropologists reject both of these beliefs
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Ethnocentrism and Racism
Terms you should know for week 01 are:
– Indo-European language family
– Thermopylae
– Judeo-Christian-European cultural tradition
– ethnocentrism
– racism
– barbarian
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Ethnocentrism and Racism
Sources:
1. West and NonWest
Bradford, Ernle. 1980. The Battle for the West: Thermopylae. New York: McGraw-Hill. A non-academic
account of the battle in tremendous detail.
Burn, Andrew R., Persia and the Greeks. The Defence of the West, c.546–478 B.C. (1962 London) pages
342–363, 378–381, 406–422
Hammond, N. G. L. The expedition of Xerxes, in: the Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed., vol.4, pages
518-590
Hignett, C. Xerxes' invasion of Greece (1963, Oxford), pages 113–148 and 356–378 (especially 371–378)
2. Ethnocentrism—What It Is and Why Anthropologists Reject It.
Patterson, Thomas C. 1997. Inventing Western Civilization. New York: Monthly Review Press. An archaeologist
summarizes the history of racism and ethnocentrism along with comments on Europeans who rejected both.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Ethnocentrism and Racism
Sources:
3. Racism—the Genetic Version of Ethnocentrism and Why Anthropologists Reject It
Benedict, Ruth. 1940. Race, Science, and Politics. New York: The Viking Press. The classic US
anthropological refutation.
Feldstein, Stanley. 1972. The Poisoned Tongue: A Documentary History of American Racism and Prejudice.
New York: William Morrow & Company.
Gossett, Thomas F. 1997. Race: The History of an Idea in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
Montagu, Ashley. 1997. Man’s Most Dangerous Myth: the Fallacy of Race. Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira
Press. 6th edition. The definitive encyclopedia of theories of racial superiority/inferiority and the biological
and genetic refutations of them.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Ethnocentrism
1. The belief that one's own culture is good, beautiful,
or important and that
– to the extent they are different –
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
2. Other cultures are inhuman, disgusting, irrational,
ugly, savage...
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Ethnocentrism
…can be present in any culture, but it is probably most
important to identify and question it in one’s own –
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What's Wrong With Ethnocentrism?
1. It ignores enculturation: the teaching of a culture by
one generation to the next. In other words, if the
person pronouncing another culture's practices as
inhuman, etc., had grown up in that culture, he/she
would think them beautiful, well-founded, etc....
Source: Harris, Marvin. 1995. Culture, People, Nature: An Introduction to General Anthropology. New York.
HarperCollins College Publishers. Page 106.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
2. Ethnocentrism interferes with scientific understanding.
If we make judgments about something before we
investigate it, we are more likely to misunderstand it.
3. By contrast, recognizing the fallacy of ethnocentrism
leads to tolerance for and curiosity towards cultural
differences.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
4. Ethnocentrism has led to several errors of
interpretation and to much bad advice – for example:
– 4.1. Western scientists ignored the cumulative wisdom of
traditional farmers, and completely misunderstood the
energy dynamics of cattle in India.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
– 4.2. Western-designed high-tech hospitals cost more and
deliver less of the medical care needed by many poor
country populations.
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
– 4.3. The American notion that milk is “the perfect food”
has led to the delivery of tons of surplus milk, bringing
much grief and suffering among the 80% of the world's
people who are lactose intolerant.
– [Lactose intolerant = digestive system cannot absorb the
main sugar – lactose – in cow’s milk.]
Source: Harris, Marvin. 1997. Culture, People, Nature: An Introduction to General Anthropology. New York:
HarperCollins College Publishers. Seventh edition. Page 409.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
European Ethnocentrism: 1400 AD
By AD 1400 the European upper classes had developed a
complex and sophisticated system of ethnocentrism —
including the categories of
– 1. Barbarians: (Greek: “strangers”)
Treacherous, cruel, illiterate, uncultured foreigners with
different languages and customs.
Source: Patterson, Thomas C. 1997. Inventing Western Civilization. New York: Monthly Review Press. Page
95.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
European Ethnocentrism: 1400 AD
2. Pagans (Latin: “civilian”)
– Rural people who remained non Christian even after
Christianity had been adopted in the major cities
3. Heathens (Anglo-Saxon from “heath,” a wasteland)
– Polytheists: not Christian, Muslim, or Jew.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
European Ethnocentrism: 1400 AD
4. Infidels (Latin: “unfaithful”)
– People following religions thought to be opposed to
Christianity; usually a reference to Muslims
…and…
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
European Ethnocentrism: 1400 AD
5. Savages (also called “wild men”) (Latin: “silva,” forest)
– Wild, fierce, cruel, ungovernable, people without good
behavior, hairy, lacking the ability to speak and lacking the
ability to conceive of a God
– Savages were thought to have fallen from an original
human status to live in the wilderness like other animals
and to survive only by strength and aggressiveness
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Ethnocentrism
We can see ethnocentrism in the recent history of
European and North American maps…
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
The Mercator Projection
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Geradus Mercator invented his famous projection in 1569 as
an aid to navigators. On his map, lines of latitude and
longitude intersect at right angles and thus the direction of
travel - the rhumb line - is consistent. The distortion of the
Mercator Map increases as you move north and south from the
equator. On Mercator's map Antarctica appears to be a huge
continent that wraps around the earth and Greenland appears to
be just as large as South America although Greenland is
merely one-eighth the size of South America. Mercator never
intended his map to be used for purposes other than navigation
although it became one of the most popular world map
projections.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
During the 20th century, the National Geographic Society,
various atlases, and classroom wall cartographers switched to
the rounded Robinson Projection. The Robinson Projection is a
projection that purposely makes various aspects of the map
sightly distorted to produce an attractive world map. Indeed, in
1989, seven North American professional geographic
organizations (including the American Cartographic
Association, National Council for Geographic Education,
Association of American Geographers, and the National
Geographic Society) adopted a resolution that called for a ban
on all rectangular coordinate maps due to their distortion of the
planet.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
The Robinson Projection: Less Distortion
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Many 20th Century US
maps put the US in the
middle
Africa is shown as much
smaller than it really is
relative to North
America, for example
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
The Official 2011 CIA Map of the World
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
The Peters Equal Area Projection
– Distorts the shapes somewhat
– But gives the correct relative sizes of the continents and
other land masses…
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
The Peters Projection Map of the World
…is the logo for this course.
Can you see why?
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism
…is the biological version of ethnocentrism. In place of
cultures, physical types are used…
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
Racism is…
1.A set of practices
2.An element of institutions in society
3.A set of beliefs
12/18/2011
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
Racism Is…
1. A set of practices, such as
•
•
•
•
•
12/18/2011
Housing segregation
Separate and unequal schools
Laws limiting the behavior of people according to a
racial classification
Laws against “intermarriage” among races
Genocide: attempts to completely destroy entire
peoples
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
Racism Is…
2. An aspect of the institutions of society
(institutional racism) such as
• Patterns of income and employment (not necessarily resulting
from specific laws)
• Patterns of health and disease
• Patterns of education and achievement
• Patterns of incarceration, of political representation
…resulting from the daily workings of society, and not necessarily
desired by or caused by particular individuals
12/18/2011
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
These patterns are often referred
to as “institutional racism.”
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
Institutional racism is the most difficult to
identify and understand and is the source
of a great amount of confusion and
misunderstanding in today’s USA.
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
Affirmative action programs were
designed to try to overcome some
elements of institutional racism but have
become among the most controversial
outcomes of the civil rights movement
because of the lack of adequate public
understanding of institutional racism.
12/18/2011
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
Racism Is…
3. A set of beliefs
In the remainder of this presentation, we
shall consider racism as a belief only.
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
Racism As a Set of Beliefs
Main psychological component is:
stereotyping
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
In 1954 Harvard
psychologist Gordon
Allport wrote the classic
work on prejudice. He
defined a stereotype
as…
12/18/2011
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
“…an exaggerated belief associated with a
category [of people].”
Allport, Gordon. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. New York: Doubleday-Anchor. page 187.
12/18/2011
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
Stereotypes are usually the basis of
“prejudice,” which Allport defined (p.8) as:
“An avertive or hostile attitude toward a
person who belongs to a group, simply
because he belongs to that group”
12/18/2011
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
Stereotypes and prejudice can occur in
many ways and among any groups but in
the history of the United States probably
the strongest prejudices have been based
on racial stereotypes.
12/18/2011
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
We can say that racism is a stereotype
about a race of people, usually held by
some other race of people.
12/18/2011
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
To fully understand racism and what is
wrong with it we can make it into a set of
beliefs based on certain ideas that might or
might not be true.
12/18/2011
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Dr. Richard W. Franke
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University
Resident and Board Member Ecovillage at Ithaca
Then we can decide if racism has any basis
in fact or reality.
12/18/2011
43
Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: A Three–Part Belief System
1. The belief that physical differences among races
represent real genetic, biological barriers,
…and…
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: A Three–Part Belief System
…and…
2. That therefore, at least some races are biologically
“pure,”
…and therefore…
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: A Three–Part Belief System
3. That some races are superior to others that are
inferior.
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
1. There are no definitive biological boundaries between
the races:
– races have interbred and thus exchanged genetic material
for at least the last 100,000 years of human evolution.
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
2. There are no consistent correlations among racial
traits: skin color does not predict nose shape, etc.
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
We can see this scientifically by looking at some
geographic distribution maps:
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
– The traditional four races
– Stature
– Skin color
– Hemoglobin S (sickle cell)
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
The following maps filter out known migrations and thus
approximate the home base of the various races.
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
First, let’s look at each characteristic
separately…
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
The Four
“Traditional”
Races
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Stature
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Skin
color
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Hemoglobin S
– sickle
cell
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
Now let’s see if there is any correlation between
the four traditional races and any of the supposed
racial characteristics…
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Race
12/18/2011
Stature
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Race
12/18/2011
Skin Color
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Race
12/18/2011
Sickle Cell
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
What do you see?
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
What about genetics and race?
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
3. Recent genetic evidence strongly suggests that all
humans evolved from an ancient African population:
– we all have Black ancestors.
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
4. Race is more of a social classification system than a
biologically sound means of distinguishing individuals
or groups from one another.
For details, go to any of the source readings listed on the
beginning slides of this lecture.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
5. Racism has led to degrading and insulting stereotypes
of individuals and groups that bear no relation to
reality.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
What’s Wrong With Racism?
6. Beliefs about racial inferiority or superiority have
helped justify oppression, exploitation, slavery,
discrimination and genocide; wherever it still exists,
racism continues to interfere with efforts to build a just
and peaceful world.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Some Historical Views
“Do not obtain your slaves from Britain because they are
so stupid and so utterly incapable of being taught that
they are not fit to form a part of the household of
Athens.”
Cicero to Atticus, 1st Century BC
Source: Benedict, Ruth. 1940. Race, Science, and Politics. New York: The Viking Press. Pages 6 and 7.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Some Historical Views
“The White [here meaning “Nordic”] race originally
possessed the monopoly of beauty, intelligence and
strength. By its union with other varieties [here
referring to Alpines or Mediterraneans], hybrids were
created, which were beautiful without strength, strong
without intelligence, or if intelligent, both weak and
ugly.”
Source: Arthur de Gobineau. 1856. Essay on the Inequality of Human Races.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Some Historical Views
“Judgment, truthfulness and energy always distinguish
the Nordic man. He feels a strong urge toward truth
and justice....Passion in the usual meaning of the
rousing of the senses or the height­ening of the sexual
life has little meaning for him....He is never without a
certain knightliness.”
Hans F. K. Gunther. 1927. The Racial Elements of European History.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Some Historical Views
The Negroes Character
Cowardly and cruel are those Blacks Innate,
Prone to Revenge, Imp of inveterate hate.
He that exasperates them, soon espies
Mischief and Murder in their very eyes.
Libidinous, Deceitful, False and Rude,
The Spume Issue of Ingratitude
John Saffin. 1701. A Brief and Candid Answer to a Late Printed Sheet, Entitled The Selling
of Joseph [the first New England antislavery pamphlet].
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Some Historical Views
“Comparing them [blacks] by their faculties of memory,
reason, and imagination, it appears to me, that in
memory they are equal to the whites; in reason much
inferior, as I think one could scarcely be found capable
of tracing and comprehending the investigations of
Euclid; and that in imagination they are dull, tasteless,
and anomalous.”
Thomas Jefferson. 1787. Notes on the State of Virginia.
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Some Historical Views
“The innate love to act as body servant or lacquey is too strongly
developed in the negro race to be concealed...the primordial cell
germ of the Nigritians has no more potency than what is
sufficient to form a being with physical power...with the mental
organization too imperfect to enable him to extricate himself
from barbarism.”
Samuel Cartwright. 1860. On the Caucasians and the Africans.
Source: Feldstein, Stanley. 1972. The Poisoned Tongue: A Documentary History of American Racism and
Prejudice. New York. William Morrow & Company. Pages 37, 48–49, and 103.
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Identifying an “Enemy”
“There is no difference between Jew and Jew. Every Jew is
a sworn enemy of the German people. If he fails to
display his hostility against us, it is merely out of
cowardice and slyness but not because his heart is free
of it.”
Joseph Goebbels, Nazi Propaganda Minister, 1941
Source: Remax, Joachim, editor. The Nazi Years: A Documentary History. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, 1969, page 156.
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Identifying an “Enemy”
“The Japanese race is an enemy race and while many second-and third
generation Japanese, born on United States soil, possessed of United
States citizenship have become “Americanized,” the racial strains are
undiluted…. It, therefore, follows, that along the vital Pacific Coast over
112,000 potential enemies, of Japanese extraction, are at large today.”
Lieutenant-General John L. DeWitt, Commanding General,
Western Defense Command, February, 1942
Source: Jacubus ten Broek, Edward N. Barnhart, and Floyd W. Matson. Prejudice, War, and the
Constitution, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, page 263.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Identifying an “Enemy”
“I suppose I should be ashamed to say that I take the Western
view of the Indian. I don’t go so far as to think that the only
good Indians are the dead Indians, but I believe nine out of
every ten are, and I shouldn’t inquire too closely into the case
of the tenth. The most vicious cowboy has more moral principle
than the average Indian.”
Theodore Roosevelt, from his book, The Winning of the West, a 4 volume work published 1889–
1896.
Source: Gossett, Thomas F. Race: The History of an Idea in America. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1997, page 238.
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism and/or Ethnocentrism: Identifying an “Enemy”
“Ellison’s […taking the oath on a Koran] will embolden
Islamic extremists and make new ones, as Islamists,
rightly or wrongly, see the first sign of the realization
of their greatest goal – the Islamicization of America.”
Dennis Prager, conservative radio host
December 2006
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Some Historical Views
“If you’re incapable of taking the oath on [the Bible],
don’t serve in Congress.”
Dennis Prager, conservative radio host, after the first Muslim was elected to the US
Congress, Keith Ellison of Minnesota
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Some Historical Views
“Keith Ellison…does not have to answer to you, to me or
anyone else in regards to questions about his faith.”
Bill Pascrell, Democratic representative from the 8th District in New Jersey that includes
MSU’s campus.
12/18/2011
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Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
Racism: Identifying an “Enemy”
In a private ceremony (after being sworn in publicly
without any religious paraphernalia) as an elected
member of the US House of Representatives in Jan
2007, Keith Ellison of Minnesota used Thomas
Jefferson’s Koran…
12/18/2011
79
Montclair State University Department of Anthropology
Anth 140: Non Western Contributions to the Western World
Dr. Richard W. Franke
End of Week 01
Lecture 02
Ethnocentrism and
Racism
12/18/2011
80