English 334/235 Final Exam Study Guide How the World Was Made In this myth, how is the earth depicted? As a floaFng island According to this myth, how will the world end? When it is old and worn out •  What are the beliefs reflected in this myth? The sun moves across the earth In this myth, what is the special significance of streams? They provide entrances to the underworld. •  According to this myth, why do women only have one child per year? •  To prevent overpopulaFon The Sky Tree •  According to “ The Sky Tree”, where did people first live? •  On land in the sky •  According to “ The Sky Tree”, what was created last? •  The earth •  Why did Aataentsic throw herself through the hole aQer the Sky Tree? •  She needed to retrieve the tree. How the Leopard Got His Claws •  In “How the Leopard Got His Claws”, what acFvity does the dog refuse to parFcipate in? •  Building a common shelter •  Why does the dog order the animals to bring him the leopard? •  He wants to humiliate and destroy the leopard. Prayer to the Pacific •  In “Prayer to the Pacific”, the speaker is visiFng the ocean. Where has she come from? •  A distant land made of rock •  What happened thirty thousand years ago? •  Indians came riding across the ocean. from Iroquois Cons?tu?on •  In comparing the government described by the Iroquois ConsFtuFon to the government of the United States, what is the Tree of Great Peace equivalent to? •  The U.S. Capitol building •  According to the Iroquois ConsFtuFon, the meeFngs of the Confederate Council opens with what? •  A feast •  What is each of the NaFons of Confederacy encouraged in the ConsFtuFon to retain? •  TreaFes with other groups The Life of Olaudah Equiano •  When Equiano first sees the white slave traders, what does he assume they are? •  Evil spirits •  Why do the Africans who drown during the voyage do so? •  Jumping overboard •  What is the main cause of sickness Equiano feels the first Fme that he is forced to go below deck? •  The smell •  When the ship crew throws tons of leQover fish back into the ocean, it seems to Equiano that this demonstrates their cruelty. of Plymouth Planta?on •  Who did Bradford describe as “a special instrument sent of God for their good beyond their expectaFon”? •  Squanto •  Why did the Pilgrims have to seZle in Cape Cod? •  It was a safe harbor. •  When did the Pilgrims face their greatest difficulty? •  The first winter in the new land •  What/Who does Bradford give the most credit for saving the Pilgrims during the “starving Fme”? •  God’s mercy Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God •  This sermon suggests a belief that people can best be controlled by fear. •  According to Edwards, the only thing that keeps people from immediately suffering the torments of Hell is God’s choice. •  Edwards suggests that God responds to human goodness with disinterest. The Crucible •  In what year did the Salem Witch Trials take place? –  1692 What event launched the Puritan inquisiFon and sent officials hunFng for witches in Salem? -­‐ Young girls pretended to be afflicted, having wild fits and convulsions •  What is the name of the Arthur Miller play that is based on the Salem WitchcraQ Trials? •  The Crucible •  What role did the slave, Tituba, play in the Salem witch craze? •  She was one of the first women accused of being a witch. •  How did the court determine who was a witch? •  Judges searched for a witch’s mark and defendants were asked a series of quesFons about their guilt. •  How old was the youngest person accused of witchcraQ in Salem? •  4 years old •  How long did the Salem Witch Trials era last? •  7 months •  According to Dr. Griggs, the village doctor, what is the possible cause of Rev. Parris’s daughter’s illness? •  Unnatural causes •  What were BeZy and Abigail doing in the forest when Rev. Parris frightened them? •  Dancing and conjuring spirits with Tituba •  What mission did Abigail have concerning the wife of John Proctor? •  To get rid of her so she could be with John Proctor •  Why did Mrs. Putnam send her daughter to Tituba? •  To have her conjure the spirits of the seven dead Putnam babies •  Where does Mary Warren, apprenFce in the Proctor household, spend more of her days recently? •  In court with the other girls •  What does Mary Warren give to Elizabeth that later gets her in trouble? •  A poppet •  Which commandment did John forget? •  Thou shall not commit adultery. •  Why do Cheever and Herrick come to Elizabeth? •  Elizabeth stabbed Abigail in the stomach with a needle during dinner by sending her spirit to Abigail. •  What does John Proctor make Mary promise the next day in court? •  Tell the judges the truth about the poppet •  Who else is arrested the same night as Elizabeth? •  Rebecca Nurse and Martha Corey •  Why does Mary say she cannot tell the truth in court? •  She is afraid Abigail will kill her. •  What does John Proctor mean when he says, “My wife will never die for me.”? •  He knows his adultery has caused Elizabeth’s arrest. •  People parFng the crowds like the Red Sea when Abigail and her group come around is an allusion to a story in the Bible. •  Why do Giles Corey and Frances Nurse want to see Judge Danforth? •  They want to persuade him that their wives are really good people. •  Why did Danforth grant Elizabeth extra Fme? •  She’s pregnant. •  Of what does Giles accuse Putnam? •  Putnam is killing his neighbors for their land. •  What is Hale’s problem Proctor and his friends present evidence to Danforth? •  He begins to realize that the people who have been accused and sentenced so far could very well have been innocent. •  Hathorne thinks of a test for Mary. What is it? •  He asks her to faint. •  What do the girls do to Mary? •  They pretend that her spirit is coming to get them. •  Giles Corey is arrested because he refuses to do what? •  Name the person who accused Putnam of grabbing land •  A warrant for “arrest of examinaFon” is intended for 91 people. •  According to John Proctor, Elizabeth has never lied in her life. •  Abigail and the other girls act like Mary is aZacking them in the form of a bird. •  John is eventually accused of trying to get Mary Warren to sign the Devil’s book. •  What is Rev. Hale advising the condemned to do? •  He wants them to lie about being witches so they will live. •  What does Rev. Parris reveal about his niece, Abigail? •  She has ran away with his money. •  What is the condiFon of Salem at this point? •  The crops are roing in the fields, caZle are roaming free, orphans are wandering from house to house looking for shelter and food while the remaining villagers are afraid of being accused of witchcraQ. •  What does Rev. Parris want Danforth to do? •  Postpone the hangings of John Proctor, Rebecca Nurse and Martha Corey •  What does Rev. Hale mean when he says, “There is blood on my head!”? •  He feels responsible for puing so many people to death. •  Why does Danforth refuse to postpone the hangings? •  He says it is not fair to the ones that have already been hanged and he knows leing them go will make him look imcompitent. •  What do Hale and Danforth request of Elizabeth Proctor? •  They want her to talk to Proctor and make him confess to witchcraQ. •  What happened to Giles Corey? •  He was pressed by heavy rocks. •  What is John’s excuse for confessing? •  Because of his previous sins, he is not as good as the people who are being hanged that were innocent. •  What is Elizabeth’s proof that John is a good man? •  He has endured their torture and has not thought of confessing unFl now. •  How has Elizabeth changed since we first met her? •  She is move loving and emoFonal. •  AQer John confesses, what does Danforth want him to do? •  Sign his name to the confession and say he saw his friends with the devil •  What has become of Abigail? •  She stole Parris’s money and ran away. Nature •  In “Nature”, what element of nature does Emerson find parFcularly effecFve in inspiring deep respect and a sense of solitude? •  The stars •  According to Emerson in “Nature”, why/when does nature appear sad? •  When viewed by a sad person •  Emerson says that human can own land but none can own what? •  Landscape •  What does Emerson say would happen if stars appeared only one night in a thousand years? •  Men would believe in and adore nature. Self-­‐Reliance •  In “Self-­‐Reliance”, Emerson indicates that genius is something that comes from whom/
what? •  Within a person •  In “Self-­‐Reliance”, Emerson asserts that society encourages people to fit in. •  Emerson says, “You will always find who you think they know your duty beZer than you know it.” He says this to explain that being an individual is difficult. •  A major theme in Self-­‐Reliance is “to thine own self be true”. Civil Disobedience •  At the Fme Thoreau wrote “Civil Disobedience”, it was his belief that the most immediate need was to improve the government. •  In “Civil Disobedience”, Thoreau argues that government is most helpful to the governed when it does the least. •  In “Civil Disobedience”, Thoreau suggests that he leQ the jail with a greater knowledge of and appreciaFon for what? •  His village and the people who live there. The Raven •  What Fme does the poem take place? •  Night •  When the author first heard the “rapping at his chamber door”, who did he think was outside? •  Some late night visitor •  What month does the poem take place? •  December •  What is the name of the “rare and radiant maiden” whom the author pines for? •  Lenore •  What happens when the author opens the door? •  The raven flies in. •  What word does the raven say whenever it talks? •  “Nevermore!” •  Where does the raven perch when he come into the house? •  A bust of Pallas •  What happens to the raven at the end of the poem? •  It stays with the narrator as a reminder of his lost Lenore. The Pit and the Pendulum •  At the beginning of the story, the prisoner is in the state of delirium. •  The narrator of the story never reveals what crime he has been convicted of. •  How does the reader know, despite the suspense, that the prisoner will survive? •  The prisoner is narraFng the tale. •  Why is the narrator certain that his eventual fate will be death? •  He knows the kind of people his persecutors are. Who Wrote It? Self-­‐Reliance Civil Disobedience The Raven Nature The Pit and the Pendulum
Emerson Thoreau Poe Emerson Poe