Part 1
NEW-TX2 Design
(246 mm × 189 mm, 2-column)
LATEX 2ε Sample for Authors
Cambridge TEX-to-type
1
2
Contents
Chapter 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
NEW-TX2 LATEX 2ε sample for authors
page 1
Introduction
The CUP document class
Coding your document
Fonts
Driver file
Parts, part quotation and source
2
1.6.1 Part opener
2
1.6.2 Part quotation and source
2
1
1
2
2
2
1.7 Chapters, authors’ names, and chapters quotation
3
1.7.1 Chapter title
3
1.7.2 Chapter author and author affiliation
3
1.7.3 Chapter quotation
3
1.8 Landscape pages
1.9 Enunciations
1.10 Lists
1.11 Extract
1.12 Boxes
1.13 Indexes
1.14 Glossary
1.15 Bibliography
1.16 Some guidelines for using standard facilities
3
5
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
1.16.1 Sections
10
1.16.2 Mathematics and units
10
1.16.3 Illustrations (or figures)
11
1.16.4 Tables
12
1.17 Chapter summary
1.18 Chapter summary
13
Bibliography
Glossary
15
14
16
i
ii
Chapter 1
NEW-TX2
LATEX 2ε sample for authors
Suresh Kumar
The Edinburg Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK
Johny Sebastian
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA
This guide is for authors who are
preparing books for CUP using the
LATEX 2ε document preparation
system. It is designed to assist
Cambridge University Press authors
in the preparation of manuscripts
using LATEX 2ε ; The process of
rendering your manuscript into a
book involves many aspects,
including design, format, style,
typographic, and graphic standards.
Consistent preparation of
manuscripts using the LATEX 2ε
CUP style allows greater ease and
economy in transforming your
manuscript into bound book stock.
concentrate on the logical structure of the document
rather than its visual layout.
LATEX 2ε provides a consistent and comprehensive document preparation interface. There are
simple-to-use commands for generating a table of
contents, lists of figures and/or tables, and indexes. LATEX 2ε can automatically number list entries, equations, figures, tables, and footnotes, as well
as parts, chapters, sections and subsections. Using
this numbering system, bibliographic citations, page
references and cross references to any other numbered entity (e.g. chapter, section, equation, figure,
list entry) are quite straightforward.
LATEX 2ε is a powerful tool for managing long and
complex documents. In particular, partial processing
enables long documents to be produced chapter by
chapter without losing sequential information. The
use of document classes allows a simple change of
style (or style option) to transform the appearance
of your document.
1.2 The CUP document class
1.1 Introduction
The CUP standard designs have been implemented
as a LATEX 2ε class file. The class files are based on
the BOOK class as discussed in the LATEX manual.
Commands which differ from the standard LATEX 2ε
interface, or which are provided in addition to the
standard interface, are explained in this guide. Note
The LATEX 2ε document preparation system is a
special version of the TEX typesetting program.
LATEX 2ε adds to TEX a collection of commands
which simplify typesetting by allowing the author to
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N E W - T X 2 LATEX 2ε S A M P L E F O R A U T H O R S
that this guide is not a substitute for the LATEX manual itself.
We assume that an author using this package has
a prior working knowledge of LATEX, so the basics of
LATEX are not included in this guide. For guidance
on the command names of the mathematical symbols
the author is referred to any book on LATEX.
1.3 Coding your document
Most commands described in this guide are part of
the standard LATEX package. Hence, the syntax, usage, examples or packages described in any LATEX
manual may be used here also. However, the syntax/usage of some commands has been changed, and
some commands are newly defined to accommodate
the Cambridge typographic style. Such changes are
explicitly mentioned in the sections where these commands are described.
1.4 Fonts
The only fonts that are used in the style/class files
are Computer Modern (CM) typefaces, which are
part of the TEX/LATEX installation. The CM font
family consists of regular text fonts, sanserif fonts,
typewriter fonts, and math symbol fonts, which are
sufficient for preparing most documents. If you need
to use any special symbols or characters that are not
part of the CM family, you will have to define them
before they are used.
1.5 Driver file
We highly recommend that you use a driver file (one
root file, which “\includes various other files) for
making your book.
You should maintain the frontmatter (title page,
table of contents, preface, etc.), chapters, appendices, and backmatter (bibliography, index, etc.) as
separate *.tex files. The driver file, say mybook.tex,
is the root file which “\include”s all these individual files for compilation. For example, the file
mybook.tex may look like the following, if the book
has 3 chapters, 2 appendices, frontmatter, and backmatter:
\documentclass{new-tx2}
\begin{document}
\include{frontmatter}
\include{chapter01}
\include{chapter02}
\include{chapter03}
\appendix
\include{appendix01}
\include{appendix02}
\include{backmatter}
\end{document}
When the book is organized into different modules in
this way, documents can be reformatted selectively
by using the command \includeonly. For example, if you make changes only to Chapter 3, placing
the command \includeonly{chapter03} before the
\begin{document} command compiles only the file
chapter03.tex, keeping the cross references between
chapters and references to bibliographic citations,
etc. intact. The numbers for the chapter, page, or
any other counters that should fall in sequence with
the preceding chapters will automatically be reset
correctly within the new Chapter 3.
If you need to change or add any macro,
you must create a new file for this purpose.
If the file you created is mymacros.tex, it is
made available to your document if you place
the command “\input{mymacros.tex}” before the
\begin{document} command in the file mybook.tex.
1.6 Parts, part quotation and
source
1.6.1 Part opener
You may have divided the book into parts. The part
title is coded as \part{Part Title}. This starts a
new right-hand page for the Part opener. The part
title is numbered and the page following this part
opening page is left blank, as per Cambridge pagination style. For generating a part title without the
number, use \part*{Part Title}. The part command \part{} and \part*{}, must be followed by
the \makeparttitle command.
1.6.2 Part quotation and source
The part quotation is coded as \begin{partquote}
... \end{partquote}. This environment is similar
LANDSCAPE PAGES
to {extract} environment. Part source is coded as
\partquotesource{}. See examples below:
\part{Part Title}
\begin{partquote}%
Two Jabberwockies noisily abused the
putrid tickets, because Minnesota
annoyingly marries one irascible.
ngons gossips, even though one
chrysanthemum partly fights
Macintoshes, botulisms laughed.
\partquotesource{Two Jabberwockies}
\end{partquote}
\makeparttitle
See page 1 for style.
1.7 Chapters, authors’ names,
and chapters quotation
1.7.1 Chapter title
The chapter title is coded as \chapter{CT}, generating numbered chapter titles. Arabic numbers are
used as default for the chapters. For generating unnumbered chapter titles, which are typically used in
the front (Preface, Introduction, Acknowledgements
etc.) and backmatter (Glossary etc.), use the starred
form of the command, \chapter*{Chapter Title}.
The chapter commands described above,
\chapter{} and \chapter*{}, must be followed
by the \makechaptertitle command. This is the
command that actually typesets the chapter title. If
this command is omitted, the chapter title will not
be generated.
\chapter{Chapter Title}
\makechaptertitle
The \makechaptertitle command is not part of the
standard LATEX package.
1.7.2 Chapter author and author
affiliation
If each chapter of your book has a different author,
the commands described below must be used to include the authors’ names along with each chapter
title.
The corresponding affiliation is coded as
\affil{Author’s Affiliation, which should immediately follow the \author{} command. The
chapter title and author name must be followed by
the command \makechaptertitle. Thus,
\chapter{Chapter Title}
\author{Name of Author1}
\affil{Affiliation of Author 1}
\author{Name of Author2}
\affil{Affiliation of Author 2}
\makechaptertitle
1.7.3 Chapter quotation
The chapter quotation is coded as \begin{coquote}
...\end{coquote}. This environment is similar to
{extract} environment except that the command
\source{} is an additional feature in this style file.
\chapter{Chapter Title}
\makechaptertitle
\begin{coquote}%
Two Jabberwockies noisily abused the
putrid tickets, because Minnesota
annoyingly marries one irascible.
ngons gossips, even though one
chrysanthemum partly fights
Macintoshes, botulisms laughed.
\source{Two Jabberwockies}
\end{coquote}
See page 1 for style.
1.8 Landscape pages
If a table or illustration is too wide to fit the standard
measure, it must be turned, with its caption, through
90 degrees anticlockwise. Landscape illustrations
and/or tables can be produced directly using
\usepackage{rotating} after \documentclass{}.
Use the sidewaysfigure* or sidewaystable* environments in your document to create the space for
your table or figure on the appropriate page of your
document. Here is an example for coding of rotated
figure (Fig 1, page 4).
\begin{sidewaysfigure*}%1
\figurebox{15pc}{150mm}{}
\caption{This is an example of
sideways figure.}
\label{rotate-fig}
\end{sidewaysfigure*}
3
Fig 1 This is an example of sideways figure. This is an example of sideways figure. This is an example of sideways
figure. This is an example of sideways figure.
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N E W - T X 2 LATEX 2ε S A M P L E F O R A U T H O R S
ENUNCIATIONS
First argument in \figurebox{10pc}{30pc}{} is
the height of the figure box, the second argument is
the width of the figure box, and the last argument is
the name of the file that contains the image in EPS
format. Please see page 11 for details.
The corresponding example for a table would be
(see Table 1.1, page 6):
\begin{sidewaystable*}
\tabcolsep33.7pt %column sep.
\def~{\hphantom{0}}%
\tbl{Four scores and seven years ago
four score seven years ago four score
and seven years.
\label{rotate-table}}{%
\begin{tabular}{lccc}%
\toprule
\TCH{First column}
&\TCH{Second column}
&\TCH{Third column}\\
\TCH{head$^a$}
&\TCH{head}&
\TCH{head}
&\TCH{$V_M(r)$}\\
\colrule
Left & Word entries &~0.2~ & 10.55\\
Left & Word entries &~0.15 & 33.12\\
Left & Word entries &10.58 & 45.10\\
Left & Word entries &43.9~ & 12.34\\
Left & Word entries &~0.15 & 60.50\\
\botrule
\end{tabular}}%
\begin{tabnote}%
{\it Note:}{\enspace}This is a table
footnote. This is a table footnote.
This is a table footnote. This is
a table footnote.
\tabnoteentry{a}{This is a table
footnote. This is a table footnote.
This is a table footnote. This is
a table footnote.
This is a table footnote}
{\it Source:}{\enspace}This is a
table sourcenote. This is a table
sourcenote. This is a table
sourcenote. This is a table
sourcenote.
\end{tabnote}%
\end{sidewaystable*}
1.9 Enunciations
The \newtheorem command has been used in the
NEW-TX2 class file to define the following environments.
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
theorem
lemma
proposition
corollary
conjecture
example
remark
definition
proof
For example,
\begin{lemma}
If \textbf{PP}$_0 \vdash$ a:A, then there
exists a closed $\lambda$-term $a’$ s.t.
\[
\mathbf{PN}_0 \vdash a’:A.
\]
Conversely, if \textbf{PN}$_0 \vdash$ a:A,
then there exists a closed SK-term
a$^\circ$ s.t.
\[
\mathbf{PP}_0 \vdash a^\circ:A.
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Use $K_\lambda$ and $S_\lambda$ to translate
combinators into $\lambda$-terms. For the
converse, translate $\lambda x$ \ldots by
[$x$] \ldots and use induction and
the lemma.
\end{proof}
produces the following text:
Lemma 1.9.1 If PP0 a:A, then there exists a
closed λ-term a s.t.
PN0 a : A.
Conversely, if PN0 a:A, then there exists a closed
SK-term a◦ s.t.
PP0 a◦ : A.
Proof Use Kλ and Sλ to translate combinators into
5
Word
Word
Word
Word
Word
entries
entries
entries
entries
entries
Second column
head
0.2
0.15
10.58
43.9
0.15
Third column
head
10.55
33.12
45.10
12.34
60.50
VM (r)
Note: This is a table footnote. This is a table footnote. This is a table footnote. This is a table
footnote.
a
This is a table footnote. This is a table footnote. This is a table footnote. This is a table
footnote. This is a table footnote
Source: This is a table sourcenote. This is a table sourcenote. This is a table sourcenote. This is
a table sourcenote.
Left
Left
Left
Left
Left
First column
heada
Table 1.1 Four scores and seven years ago four score seven years ago four score and seven years.
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LISTS
λ-terms. For the converse, translate λx . . . by [x]
. . . and use induction and the lemma.
The final will not be included if the proof* environment is used.
You can define other theorem-like environments
as usual in the document preamble, using the
\newtheorem command as described below:%%% numbering scheme %%%
\theoremnumbering{arabic}
%%% normal style %%%
\theoremstyle{plain}
%%% body font %%%
\theorembodyfont{\itshape}
%%% Heading font %%%
\theoremheaderfont{\normalfont\bfseries}
%%% environment name, counter, heading %%%
\newtheorem{axiom}[theorem]{Axiom}
The default for theorem numbering is by section (e.g.
3.1.) and is reset at the beginning of each new section.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
The arabiclist environment numbers each list
item with an arabic numeral.
\begin{arabiclist}[4.]
\item first item
\item second item
\item :
\item last item
\end{arabiclist}
This produces the following list:
1.
2.
3.
4.
first item
second item
:
last item
The alphalist environment numbers each list
item with an alphabet.
\begin{alphalist}
\item first item
\item second item
\item :
\item last item
\end{alphalist}
1.10 Lists
The CUP Standard class files provides the three
standard list environments:
r Numbered List
– Roman lists, created using the romanlist environment.
– Numbered lists, created using the arabiclist
environment.
– Alpha lists, created using the alphalist environment.
r Unnumbered lists, created using the unnumlist
environment.
r Bulleted lists, created using the bulletlist environment.
The romanlist environment numbers each list item
with a roman numeral.
\begin{romanlist}[(iii)]
\item first item
\item second item
\item
:
\item last item
\end{romanlist}
This produces the following list:
first item
second item
:
last item
This produces the following list:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
first item
second item
:
last item
The unnumlist environment is coded as below:
\begin{unnumlist}
\item first item first item first
item first item first item first
item first item first
item first item .
\item second item second item
second item second item second
item second item second
item second item
\item :
\item last item last item last
item last item last item last
item last item last item
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An example coding is given below:
last item last item.
\end{unnumlist}
\begin{extract}
Desire is the key to motivation, but
it’s the determination and commitment
to an unrelenting pursuit of your
goal{\mdash}a commitment to
excellence{\mdash}that will enable
you to attain the success you seek.
\extractsource{Mario Andretti}
\end{extract}
This produces the following list:
first item first item first item first item first item
first item first item first item first item .
second item second item second item second item
second item second item second item second
item second item.
:
last item last item last item last item last item
last item last item last item last item last item.
The bulletlist environment numbers each list
item with a bullet.
\begin{bulletlist}
\item first item
\item second item
\item :
\item last item
\end{bulletlist}
1.12 Boxes
The environment {boxed} is similar to the standard
LATEX environment {extract}, except that the environment is surrounded by a frame with color. This
is an additional feature in this style file.
This produces the following list:
r
r
r
r
Desire is the key to motivation, but it’s the
determination and commitment to an unrelenting
pursuit of your goal – a commitment to excellence –
that will enable you to attain the success you seek.
Mario Andretti
first item
second item
:
last item
1.11 Extract
The environment {extract} is identical to the standard LATEX environment {quote}, except that the
command source is an additional feature in this
style file.
\begin{boxed}[Box Title]
This is an\begin{figure}[L]%[R]
\figurebox{6pc}{45mm}{}%
\caption{For image relating to text%
in box.}%
\end{figure}%
example of box environment.
This is an example of box environment.
This is an example of box environment.
This is an example of box environment.
This is an example of box environment.
This is an example of box environment.
Box 1.1 Box Title
Fig 2 For image relating to
textin box.
This is an example of box environment. This is an example of box environment. This is an example of box environment. This is an example of box
environment. This is an example of box environment. This is an example
of box environment. This is an example of box environment. This is an
example of box environment. This is an example of box environment. This
is an example of box environment.
GLOSSARY
This is an example of box environment. This is an example of box
environment. This is an example of box environment. This is an example of
box environment. This is an example of box environment. This is an example
of box environment. This is an example of box environment. This is an
example of box environment. This is an example of box environment. This
is an example of box environment. This is an example of box environment.
This is an example of box environment.
This is an example
This is an example
This is an example
This is an example
This is an example
This is an example
This is an example
This is an example
This is an example
\end{boxed}
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
box
box
box
box
box
box
box
box
box
environment.
environment.
environment.
environment.
environment.
environment.
environment.
environment.
environment.
1.13 Indexes
The index can be generated automatically by marking the index terminology throughout the text using
the command \index{index-term} and using the
MakeIndex program to generate sorted index lists.
In your .tex source file, use the coding as below.
text \ldots
text-word-to-beindexed\index{index-word}
more text
follows\ldots
text . . . text-word-to-be-indexed more text follows. . .
The\index{index-term} command must immediately follow the term to be indexed to ensure correct page reference.
If you are using the MakeIndex program, follow
the MakeIndex documentation to generate the index,
which includes the following main steps.
r Add the makeidx documentclass option in the
\documentclass command.
theindex to appear, usually at the end, right before
the \end{document} command.
r Compile your document, in our case mybook.tex,
which will generate the file mybook.idx.
r Run the MakeIndex program on the file
mybook.idx, which will generate the file
mybook.ind.
r Now, compiling the document mybook.tex again,
will generate the typeset index pages where the
\printindex command appears.
A new command \seealso is defined in this style
file, which is akin to the \see command described in
MakeIndex documentation.
Using the MakeIndex program to generate index
is highly recommended. Please see output of index
on page 17.
1.14 Glossary
The Glossary chapter is coded within the environment \chapter*{Glossary}. Each entry of glossary
can be coded as \glossentry{word}{description}.
\chapter*{Glossary}
\makeschaptertitle
\glossentry{atoll}{a ring-shaped reef or
island that encloses
or almost encloses a lagoon.}
...
...
Sample output is generated on page 16.
1.15 Bibliography
r Put the \makeindex command in the preamble, i.e., between the \documentclass and
\begin{document} command.
r Put the \printindex command where you want
The bibliographic (or reference) chapter is coded
within the environment {thebibliography}. The
syntax is exactly the same as in standard LATEX,
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N E W - T X 2 LATEX 2ε S A M P L E F O R A U T H O R S
with a difference in the output, which is described
below.
Volume or coordinating editors should ask all
contributing authors to use identical bibliographic
styles.
This environment will automatically open an unnumbered chapter with the chapter title Bibliography. If you would like to change the title of the head
to something else, say References, then it must be
redefined as
\renewcommand\bibname{References}
A sample of bibliography coding is given below. As
the output is supposed to start a new unnumbered
chapter, page 15 contains the actual output of this
coding.
\begin{thebibliography}{}
\bibitem{abbott}
Abbott, L. F. and Deser, S. (1982).
Stability of gravity with a
cosmological constant, \textit{Nucl.
Phys.} \textbf{B195}, 76--96.
\bibitem{adams}
Adams, J. F. (1981). Spin (8),
triality, $F_4$ and all that, in
\textit{Superspace and Supergravity},
ed. S. W.~Hawking and M.~R\"ocek
(Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge).
\bibitem{arnold}
Arnol’d, V. I. (1978).
\textit{Mathematical Methods of
Classical Mechanics} (Springer,
New York).
\bibitem{buch}
Buchdahl, N. P. (1982). Applications
of Several Complex Variables to
Twistor Theory, Oxford University D.
Phil. thesis.
\end{thebibliography}
1.16 Some guidelines for using
standard facilities
The following notes may help you achieve the best
results with the standard CUP class files.
1.16.1 Sections
LATEX 2ε provides five levels of section headings and
they are all defined in the standard CUP class files:
r
r
r
r
Heading
Heading
Heading
Heading
A – \section.
B – \subsection.
C – \subsubsection.
D – \paragraph.
1.16.2 Mathematics and units
The new-tx2 class file will insert the correct space
above and below displayed maths if standard LATEX
commands are used; for example use \[ ... \] and
not $$ ... $$. Do not leave blank lines above and
below displayed equations unless a new paragraph is
really intended.
Numbering of equations
The {equation} environment centres your equation
on the page and places the equation number in the
right margin. Single line numbered display equations
are coded as below:
\begin{equation}
P(n,k) = n (n-1) (n-2) (n-3) (n-4)
\end{equation}
Output:
P (n, k) = n(n − 1)(n − 2)(n − 3)(n − 4)
(1.1)
The eqnarray environment is used to display a sequence of equations. It is very much like a threecolumn array environment, with consecutive rows
separated by \\ and consecutive items within a row
separated by an &. An equation number is placed
on every line unless that line has a \nonumber command.
\begin{eqnarray}
a_1 &=& (2\Omega M^2/x)^{\frac{1}{4}}
y^{\frac{1}{2}}\\
a_2 &=& (x/2\Omega)^{\frac{1}{2}}
k_y/M.
\end{eqnarray}
SOME GUIDELINES FOR USING STANDARD FACILITIES
Output:
1
1
a1 = (2ΩM 2 /x) 4 y 2
1
2
a2 = (x/2Ω) ky /M.
(1.2)
(1.3)
The subeqn.sty package defines the environment
{subequations} and {subeqnarray}, which number
your equations (1.1a), (1.1b) etc. automatically. For
example, you can typeset
1
1
a1 ≡ (2ΩM 2 /x) 4 y 2
(1.4a)
and
1
2
a2 ≡ (x/2Ω) ky /M.
(1.4b)
by using the subequations environment as follows:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{equation}
a_1 \equiv (2\Omega M^2/x)
^{\frac{1}{4}} y^{\frac{1}{2}}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
a_2 \equiv (x/2\Omega)^{\frac{1}{2}}
k_y/M.
\end{equation}
\end{subequations}
You may also typeset an array such as:
Ẋ = γX − γδη,
η̇ =
1
δ
2
+ 2Xη.
(1.5a)
(1.5b)
by using the subeqnarray environment as follows:
\begin{subeqnarray}
\dot{X}
& = & \gamma X - \gamma
\delta\eta ,\\
\dot{\eta} & = & {\textstyle
\frac{1}{2}} \delta + 2X\eta.
\end{subeqnarray}
Fig 3 This is an example of marginfigure/narrow
figure.
By default, floats are placed at the top of the
first available page.
An example of coding {figure} is given below:
This is the paragraph in my book where
Figure 1.2 is referred to for the very
first time. So, I am placing the
figure coding immediately after this
paragraph.
\begin{marginfigure}
\figurebox{10pc}{10pc}{}
\caption{This is an example of
marginfigure/narrow figure.}
\end{marginfigure}
\begin{figure*}
%\EVENSIDE %
\ODDSIDE % If manual intervention reqd.
\figurebox{5pc}{104mm}{}
\caption{This is the figure caption
text.}
\end{figure*}
This is the paragraph in my book where Figure 1.2
is referred to for the very first time. So, I am placing
the figure coding immediately after this paragraph.
1.16.3 Illustrations (or figures)
Figures and tables are referred to as ‘Floats’ in
LATEX, reflecting their floating nature. They are typically numbered whether or not they have a caption and they are floated to the first available position near the first reference to that figure/table
within the text. This is accomplished by placing the
figure/table command immediately after the paragraph in which they are referred to for the very first
time.
Even if the figure does not have a caption, the
command \caption must be used with empty arguments to generate the figure number.
The \figurebox command takes in three arguments. The first argument is the height of the figure,
the second argument is the width of the figure, and
the last argument is the name of the file that contains
the image of the figure in EPS format. In case you
do not have the figure file, the third argument can
11
12
N E W - T X 2 LATEX 2ε S A M P L E F O R A U T H O R S
Fig 4 This is the figure
caption text.
be left empty and an empty box with the height and
width specified in the first and second arguments is
drawn, as shown in the example.
Example of placing a figure in EPS file format:
Left& Entries &~0.2~ & 10.55 \\
Left& Entries &~0.15 & 33.12\\
Left& Entries &10.58 & 45.10 \\
Left& Entries &43.9~ & 12.34 \\
Left& Entries &~0.15 & 60.50 \\
\botrule
\end{tabular}}%
\begin{tabnote}%
{\it Note:} This is a table footnote.
This is a table footnote. This is a
table footnote. This is a table
footnote.
\tabnoteentry{a}{This is a table
footnote. This is a table footnote.
This is a table footnote. This is
a table footnote. This is a table
footnote}
{\it Source:} This is a table
sourcenote. This is a table
sourcenote. This is a table
sourcenote. This is a table
\figurebox{5pc}{10pc}{figfile.eps}
Example of placing a figure in EPS file format,
with 10cm width:
\epsfxsize=10cm
\figurebox{5pc}{10pc}{figfile.eps}
If the file name is available (i.e., if the third argument
is not empty), the first two arguments, namely the
height and the width of the figure are ignored, and
the natural height and width of the eps file is used.
The CUP style files are designed to handle the
EPS file format, which is the preferred format. The
file epsf.sty is required for placing EPS figures.
Place \usepackage{epsf} after \documentclass
command. The file epsf.sty is freely available on
many ftp sites.
The command \figurebox is not part of the
standard LATEX package.
Table 1.2 This is an example of table cap-
1.16.4 Tables
tion. This is an example of table caption.
The standard CUP class will cope with most positioning of your tables and you should not normally
use the optional positional qualifiers on the table
environment which would override these decisions.
For example, Table 1.2 is produced using the following commands:
First
heada
Second
head
Third
head
VM (r)
Left
Left
Left
Left
Left
Entries
Entries
Entries
Entries
Entries
0.2
0.15
10.58
43.9
0.15
10.55
33.12
45.10
12.34
60.50
\begin{table}%
\def~{\hphantom{0}}%
\tbl{This is an example of table
caption. This is an example of table
caption.\label{sample-table}}{%
\begin{tabular}{lccc}%
\toprule
\TCH{First}&\TCH{Second}&\TCH{Third}\\
\TCH{head$^a$}&\TCH{head}&\TCH{head}
& \TCH{$V_M(r)$}\\
\colrule
Note: This is a table footnote. This is a table footnote. This is a table footnote. This
is a table footnote.
a
This is a table footnote. This is a table
footnote. This is a table footnote. This is
a table footnote. This is a table footnote
Source: This is a table sourcenote. This
is a table sourcenote. This is a table
sourcenote. This is a table sourcenote.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Table 1.3 An example table.
First
heada
Left
Left
Left
Second
head
Third
head
VM (r)
Word entries
Word entries
Word entries
0.2
0.15
10.58
10.55
33.12
45.10
sourcenote.
\end{tabnote}%
\end{table}%
You can also code fullwidth tables as below (see output on page 13):\begin{table*}%
\def~{\hphantom{0}}%
\tbl{An example table.
\label{sample-table}}{%
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}%
{@{}l\x c\x c\x c@{}}%
\toprule
\TCH{First}&\TCH{Second}
&\TCH{Third}\\
\TCH{head$^a$} & \TCH{head}
& \TCH{head}&\TCH{$V_M(r)$}\\
\colrule
Left & Word entries & ~0.2~ & 10.55\\
Left & Word entries & ~0.15 & 33.12\\
Left & Word entries & 10.58 & 45.10\\
\botrule
\end{tabular*}}%
\end{table*}%
1.17 Chapter summary
If there is a Chapter summary in the book, the command \begin{summary}[Head]...\end{summary}
should be used along with \item as follows:
\begin{summary}[Chapter summary]
\item
The tropics lie between the Tropic of
Cancer (230 28’N) and Capricorn (230
28’S). The most significant climate
feature of the tropics at sea level
is the absence of a cold season. The
tropics are hotter than temperature
areas because the same amount of heat
is concentrated over a smaller area
in the tropics.
\item
The concentration of heat above the
equator, warms the air, it expands as
it rises, cools and rain falls.
\item
Air near the ground is replaced from
the north and south. The rising air
spreads and falls again at about
$30^{\circ}$N and S. The cool, dry
these latitudes.
\end{summary}
Please see output on the next page:
13
14
N E W - T X 2 LATEX 2ε S A M P L E F O R A U T H O R S
1.18 Chapter summary
1. The tropics lie between the Tropic of Cancer
(230 28’N) and Capricorn (230 28’S). The most
significant climate feature of the tropics at sea level is
the absence of a cold season. The tropics are hotter
than temperature areas because the same amount of
heat is concentrated over a smaller area in
the tropics.
2. The concentration of heat above the equator,
warms the air, it expands as it rises, cools and rain falls.
3. Air near the ground is replaced from the north
and south. The rising air spreads and falls again at
about 30◦ N and S. The cool, dry air falls to earth and
this explains why deserts are often found at these
latitudes.
Bibliography
Abbott, L. F. and Deser, S. (1982). Stability of gravity
with a cosmological constant, Nucl. Phys. B195,
76–96.
Adams, J. F. (1981). Spin (8), triality, F4 and all that,
in Superspace and Supergravity, ed. S. W. Hawking
and M. Röcek (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge).
Arnol’d, V. I. (1978). Mathematical Methods of
Classical Mechanics (Springer, New York).
Buchdahl, N. P. (1982). Applications of Several
Complex Variables to Twistor Theory, Oxford
University D. Phil. thesis.
Abbott, L. F. and Deser, S. (1982). Stability of gravity
with a cosmological constant, Nucl. Phys. B195,
76–96.
Adams, J. F. (1981). Spin (8), triality, F4 and all that,
in Superspace and Supergravity, ed. S. W. Hawking
and M. Röcek (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge).
Arnol’d, V. I. (1978). Mathematical Methods of
Classical Mechanics (Springer, New York).
Buchdahl, N. P. (1982). Applications of Several
Complex Variables to Twistor Theory, Oxford
University D. Phil. thesis.
Abbott, L. F. and Deser, S. (1982). Stability of gravity
with a cosmological constant, Nucl. Phys. B195,
76–96.
Adams, J. F. (1981). Spin (8), triality, F4 and all that,
in Superspace and Supergravity, ed. S. W. Hawking
and M. Röcek (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge).
Arnol’d, V. I. (1978). Mathematical Methods of
Classical Mechanics (Springer, New York).
Buchdahl, N. P. (1982). Applications of Several
Complex Variables to Twistor Theory, Oxford
University D. Phil. thesis.
Abbott, L. F. and Deser, S. (1982). Stability of gravity
with a cosmological constant, Nucl. Phys. B195,
76–96.
Adams, J. F. (1981). Spin (8), triality, F4 and all that,
in Superspace and Supergravity, ed. S. W. Hawking
and M. Röcek (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge).
Arnol’d, V. I. (1978). Mathematical Methods of
Classical Mechanics (Springer, New York).
Buchdahl, N. P. (1982). Applications of Several
Complex Variables to Twistor Theory, Oxford
University D. Phil. thesis.
Abbott, L. F. and Deser, S. (1982). Stability of gravity
with a cosmological constant, Nucl. Phys. B195,
76–96.
Adams, J. F. (1981). Spin (8), triality, F4 and all that,
in Superspace and Supergravity, ed. S. W. Hawking
and M. Röcek (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge).
Arnol’d, V. I. (1978). Mathematical Methods of
Classical Mechanics (Springer, New York).
Buchdahl, N. P. (1982). Applications of Several
Complex Variables to Twistor Theory, Oxford
University D. Phil. thesis.
Abbott, L. F. and Deser, S. (1982). Stability of gravity
with a cosmological constant, Nucl. Phys. B195,
76–96.
Adams, J. F. (1981). Spin (8), triality, F4 and all that,
in Superspace and Supergravity, ed. S. W. Hawking
and M. Röcek (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge).
Arnol’d, V. I. (1978). Mathematical Methods of
Classical Mechanics (Springer, New York).
Buchdahl, N. P. (1982). Applications of Several
Complex Variables to Twistor Theory, Oxford
University D. Phil. thesis.
Abbott, L. F. and Deser, S. (1982). Stability of gravity
with a cosmological constant, Nucl. Phys. B195,
76–96.
Adams, J. F. (1981). Spin (8), triality, F4 and all that,
in Superspace and Supergravity, ed. S. W. Hawking
and M. Röcek (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge).
Arnol’d, V. I. (1978). Mathematical Methods of
Classical Mechanics (Springer, New York).
Buchdahl, N. P. (1982). Applications of Several
Complex Variables to Twistor Theory, Oxford
University D. Phil. thesis.
Abbott, L. F. and Deser, S. (1982). Stability of gravity
with a cosmological constant, Nucl. Phys. B195,
76–96.
Adams, J. F. (1981). Spin (8), triality, F4 and all that,
in Superspace and Supergravity, ed. S. W. Hawking
and M. Röcek (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge).
15
Glossary
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
atoll: a ring-shaped reef or island that encloses or
almost encloses a lagoon.
autecology: the ecological study of a single species;
population ecology rather than community ecology
(cf. synecology).
16
Index
Abbe V -value, 9
Aberrations, 23, 97–130, 175–177,
601–646, 764–765, 793
of the eye, 23, 97–130, 175–177,
601–646, 764–765, 793
Angle of deviation, 18
prism, 175–177
Aniseikonia, 794
Astigmatism of the eye, 297
Auto-collimating telescope, 405
Axis optical, 21, 26, 799
of the eye, 293
Axis, visual, 293
(See also Entry Name) 299
Back focal point, 52, 764–765
Back principal plane, 56–57
Back principal point, 55, 764–665
of thick lens, 55
Badal optometer, 577–583
alternative constructions, 579–582
Blind spot, 293
Blur disc see Defocus blur disc
Boroscopes, 434
Bravais points, 792
Camera lenses
aberrations, 473–474
Cold light source, 440
Collimation (and collimators),
487–495, 795
and auto–collimation, 491
design, 494
precision in, 491–492
visual, 490–492
Colorimeters, 498–500
Colour fringing, 182
Coupling of eye and optical system
measurement by contact methods,
257–260
Defocus, 225–243
quantification, 225
sources, 227–229
Defocus blur disc, 226, 230–234,
236–237
Doubling of image, 184–186
Drysdale principle, 260, 561–562
Duochrome test, 587, 686
Edge spread functio, 660
Electromagnetic radiation
optic disc of, 293
photometry of, 308–311
and visual acuity, 302–304
Eye, aberrations of, 673–694
chromatic, 681–687
monochromatic, irregular,
680–681
monochromatic, regular, 674–680
Eye, retinal image quality of,
687–691
of image, 284–286
Image quality criteria
Intermediate resting point of
accommodation, 699
aberrations, 325
Inverse square law, 277–279
Inverse telephoto lens, 456, 458–459,
798
Iris, 291
Iso-magnification, 335
Isotropic, 797
F-stops, 461, 796, 799, 805, 813,
865–901, 955, 967, 999
Far point, 292, 796
Fermat’s principle, 13–14, 112
Field expanders, 407
monocular systems, 700
simple magnifiers, 339–342
Field stop, 206, 220, 797
Fovea, 292
Fraunhofer diffractio, 541–547, 795
F-stops, 461, 796
F-stops, 461, 796
Far point, 292, 796
Fermat’s principle, 13–14, 112
Field expanders, 407
monocular systems, 700
simple magnifiers, 339–342
Field stop, 206, 220, 797
Fovea, 292
Fraunhofer diffractio, 541–547, 795
F-stops, 461, 796
Keratometer, 262–263, 797
image doubling in, 562
Keplerian (astronomical) telescopes,
383–390
field-of-view, 386–388
Kirchhoff integral, 530–531
Gain
Goniometer
photometric, 712
of screen, 484
Galilean telescopes, 391–394
aberrations of, 407
field-of-view, 392–394
Goniometer, 246, 797
Gradient refractive index, 10
Homogeneous, 797
Huygens eyepiece, 346
Huygens’ principle, 530
Hyperfocal distance, 468
Hypermetropia (hyperopia), 296
Illuminance, 275, 797
and circular source, 277–278
17
Lagrange invariant, see Optical
invariant
Lambertian, 274, 797
Macroscopes, 413–428, 798
Mirrors, conicoid, 169–172
cardinal points, 171
paraboloidal, 172
Mirrors, plane, 157–163
effect of rotation, 162
image formation, 157–159
roof, 161
Mirrors, sherical, 163–168
Monocular (definition), 798
Myopia, 295
instrument, 585, 699
Near point, 293, 798
Near point cap, 424–425, 798
Newtonian telescope, 377
Nodal slide, 268
Numerical aperture, 212–214, 788
and F-number, 212–214
in prisms, 201–202
and stop radius, 212–213
Nystagmus (definition), 799
one-sided working, 33
opposite ring, 19
opposite the scalars, 17
order, 116, 210, 237
hereditary, 238
maximal, 210, 238
18
INDEX
tiled, 200, 231, 237
ordered sequence, 46
ordered set, 25, 45, 56
orthogonal idempotents, 43
pairwise comaximal, 108
pairwise coprime, 145
partially ordered set, 26
permutation matrix, 67
polynomial
left, 120
right, 119
Prüfer group, 161
primary component, 244
product ideal, 5
projection operator, 95
proper endomorphism, 126
pseudoring, 3
pull-back
diagram, 81
modules, 81
of sequence, 84
push-out
diagram, 82
modules, 82
of sequence, 84
square, 83
quadratic extension, 204
quasi-invertible, 13, 177, 182
quasicyclic p-group, 161
quaternion algebra, 67
generalized, 173
quotient, 7
quotient module, 22
radical, 174
of ideal, 198
radical series, 183
ramification index, 211
ramified, 213
rank, 57
of a matrix, 137
of a module, 140, 229, 236, 240,
250
rank one valuation, 233
rational canonical form, 145
refinement of a chain, 150
remainder, 7
repeated root, 210
representative
of an ideal class, 217
representative set
of nonzero primes or irreducibles,
196
of simple modules, 153, 166, 178,
179
residue, 7
residue class, 7
residue ring, 7
restriction of scalars, 23
right Artinian ring, 148, 163
right Artinian semisimple ring, 163
right divisor, 123
right Euclidean domain, 123
right module-finite, 115
right quotient, 123
right remainder, 123
ring, 2
anti-automorphism, 68
anti-automorphism of, 33
Artinian simple, 163
block matrix, 54
centre of, 4
centre of matrix –, 64
characteristic of, 8
commutative, 3
cone, 96
direct product, 101
division, 8
domain, 99
entire, 9
enveloping, 13
extension, 4, 115
factor, 7
IBN, 70
local, 181
Noetherian, right, left, 112
non-IBN, 70
non-Noetherian, 112
noncommutative, 3
nonunital, 3, 12, 109
of algebraic integers, 203
of coefficients, 115
of column-finite matrices, 171
of dual numbers, 80, 97, 174, 199,
210
of endomorphisms, 18
of noncommutative polynomials,
10
of triangular matrices, 87, 171,
183, 184, 252
generalized, 183
of upper triangular matrices, 97,
98
generalized, 98, 117
opposite, 19, 69, 133
prime, 8
principal ideal, 195
quotient, 7
residue, 7, 115
right Artinian, 148, 163
right Artinian semisimple, 163
semilocal, 181
simple, 11
skew polynomial, 119
trivial, 3
type, 109
zero, 3
ring homomorphism, 5
canonical, 7
induced, 8
standard, 7
row vector, 48
row-finite matrices, 66
row-space, 66, 166
scalar multiplication, 15
Schur’s Lemma, 158, 169
semigroup, 3
semiinvariant polynomial, 128, 129
semilocal ring, 181
semisimple module, 154
separable extension, 206, 209
separable polynomial, 206
Serre’s Conjecture., 142
set of generators, 21
set of matrix units, 64, 68
short exact sequence, 77
short exact sequences
equivalent, congruent, 89
similar elements, 130, 161
similar matrices, 62
simple module, 24
simple ring, 11, 163
skew centralizer, 172
skew polynomial ring, 119
skew rational functions, 121
Smith normal form, 137
Snake Lemma, 85
socle, 154
socle series, 159, 184
span, 21
split, 213
split at, over, 79
splitting field, 209
squarefree, 144, 198, 204
stably free module, 140
standard basis, 56
standard embedding
R in Ms (R), 63
nonunital ring in ring, 13
standard form
INDEX
for a module, 229
standard free module on Λ, 47
standard full set of inclusions and
projections, 78
standard inclusions, 41
standard projections, 41
standard unit vectors, 56
submodule, 20
characteristic, 159
cyclic, 21
fully invariant, 158, 175
generated by, 21
maximal, 25, 150, 174
minimal, 154
proper, 20
sum, 21
zero, 20
subring, 3
summands, 38
Sun Zi, 188
term of a sequence, 77
Three Lemma, 85
tiled matrices, 231
tiled order, 200, 231, 237
torsion element, 239
torsion module, 239
torsion submodule, 239
torsion-free, 27
torsion-free module, 239
total degree, 10
totally ordered set, 26
trace, 204
transition matrix, 60, 65
transpose matrix, 69
transpose of a matrix, 34
triangular matrix ring, 87
triangular ring of matrices, 252
trivial ring, 3
twosided Euclidean domain, 124
type
finer, 74
of a relation, 74
of a ring, 71, 185
underlying subspace, 30
uniformizer, 235
uniformizing parameter, 235
unique factorization, 130, 132
unit, 8
unitalization, 13
unramified, 213
upper triangular block matrix, 32
valuation, 232
valuation ring, 233, 234
vector space, 16
Wedderburn-Artin Theorem, 164,
170
zero
homomorphism, 18
ideal, 4
module, 16
polynomial, 119
ring, 3
submodule, 20
Zorn’s Lemma, 26
19