Name
Date
Chemical Bonds
Section 2 Types of Bonds
Skim through Section 2 of the book. Write two questions that come
to mind from reading the headings and the illustration captions.
1. Accept all reasonable responses. What is an ionic bond?
2. How is a covalent bond different from an ionic bond?
Review
Vocabulary Define atom. Use your book for help.
atom
the smallest piece of matter that still retains the properties
of the element
New
Vocabulary Read the definitions below. Then write the vocabulary word that
matches each definition in the left column.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
ion
a charged particle that has either more or fewer electrons than it
has protons
ionic bond
covalent bond
molecule
nonpolar bond
the force of attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion in
an ionic compound
the force of attraction between two atoms that share electrons
the neutral particle that forms when atoms share electrons
a covalent bond where the electrons are shared equally
polar bond
a covalent bond where electrons are unequally shared producing
charged molecule ends
polar molecule
a molecule that has a slightly positive end and a slightly negative
end, but the molecule itself is neutral
nonpolar molecule
a molecule in which the electrons are shared equally between
atoms in the chemical bond
Academic
Vocabulary Define transfer. Use a dictionary for help.
transfer
to move to a different place
Chemical Bonds
219
Name
Date
Section 2 Types of Bonds
Ions
I found this information
on page
.
SE, pp. 558–559
RE, pp. 318–319
(continued)
Complete the steps in the formation of a potassium ion.
one
1. An atom of potassium has
outer level
2. A potassium atom
electron in its
.
loses
one electron in its outer level
when it combines with an iodine atom .
3. The potassium atom is now a positive ion .
4. The potassium ion has a
1
charge.
5. The symbol for a positive potassium ion is
I found this information
on page
.
SE, pp. 560–561
RE, pp. 320–324
Compare ionic and covalent bonds in the Venn diagram below
with at least eight facts. Accept all reasonable responses.
Ionic
transfer of
electrons
between
metals and
nonmetals; net
charge is zero
I found this information
on page
.
SE, p. 562
RE, p. 321
.
Both
Covalent
molecule of
a compound is
formed; outer
shell complete
with eight
electrons;
chemically stable;
overall neutral
charge
sharing of
electrons
between
nonmetals;
more than one
or two
electrons are
involved in
creating
stability
Analyze and discuss why it is much easier for Group 14 elements to
become stable by sharing instead of transferring electrons.
Accept all reasonable responses. These elements would have to
gain or lose four electrons to become stable. Each time an
electron is removed, it takes more energy to remove the next one.
So, it is easier to share electrons rather than transfer them.
220
Chemical Bonds
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Molecules
K
Name
Section 2 Types of Bonds
S UMMARIZE I T
Date
(continued)
Write two key facts in each of the boxes below. Accept all
reasonable responses.
Polar Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds
1. charge balanced but
1. sharing of one or more
not equally distributed
pairs of electrons
2. slight negative charge
2. nonmetallic elements
at part of molecule
where electron spends
most time; slight
positive charge at part
of molecule where
electron is mostly
absent
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
are involved
Unequal Sharing
1. electrons not always
shared equally;
depends on size of
atom, charge of nucleus,
total number
of electrons in atom
2. HCl example with
electrons more around
Cl because of stronger
pull
Sharing Electrons
1. Sharing
requires less energy.
2. A covalent bond is
formed.
Nonpolar
Covalent Bonds
1. electrons shared
equally in covalent
bonds
2. occurs in atoms that
are exactly alike, such
as N2; occurs in
symmetric atoms
CCl4 or CH4
Chemical Bonds
221