DEIXIS ANALYSIS ON RICHARD WRIGHT’S BLACK BOY
(1938)
Thesis Submitted to Fulfill one of the Requirements for the Completion of
Graduate Degree in Language Studies
Thesis
BY
LAILATI AN’IMAH
NIM : S2 00 100 018
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM OF LANGUAGE STUDY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
NOTE OF ADVISOR 1 th
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum
The lecturer of language study of Muhammadiyah Universityof Surakarta.The
officialnote on this thesis students’ Thesis.
Dear
The Director of Graduate Program of Muhammadiyah University.
Assalamu’alaikumWr. Wb
Having read, examined, corrected and necessarily revised towards the thesis of.
Name
NIM
Focus on
Proposed
: LAILATI AN’IMAH
: S 200 100 018
: Pragmatics
: December, 2, 2014.
I access that thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the
language study of graduate Program of Muhammadiyah University Surakarta
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb
Surakarta, December ,2 2014
Advisor 1
Dr.Phil. Dewi Candraningrum
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR 2ND
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum
The lecturer of language study of Muhammadiyah Universityof Surakarta.The
officialnote on this thesis students’ Thesis.
Dear
The Director of Graduate Program of Muhammadiyah University.
Assalamu’alaikumWr. Wb
Having read, examined, corrected and necessarily revised towards the thesis of.
Name
NIM
Focus on
Proposed
: LAILATI AN’IMAH
: S 200 100 018
: Pragmatics
: December 22, 2014.
I access that thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the
language study of graduate Program of Muhammadiyah University Surakarta
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb
Surakarta, December ,2 2014
Advisor 1
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum
iii
iv
MOTTO
“Life is”
When somebody was born, she cried and people round her smiled…
Maenwhile,
When somebody died, people around her cried and she herself…?
Be
Careful! So that we don’t have to cry for twice
v
DEDICATION
This thesis is gratefully dedicated to:

Allah SWT the Almightly, my saviour. The one who never let me walk
alone.

My dearest husband, my child. The most precious treasure I have in my
life.

My beloved Brother and Sisters, Mas Natsir, Mbk Isnaini, Mbk Nikmah,
Mbk Ifah, Ulfah ,and Khus.

All the things I’ve experienced which shaped me what I am
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PRONOUNCEMENT
By this pronouncement, here with I state that I myself write this thesis entitle
“DEIXIS ANALYSIS ON RICHARD WRIGHT’S BLACK BOY”. I absolutely
state that this thesis is not plagiarism or is made by someone else. There is no
either work or research that has been submitted to obtain the Megister Degree at
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, and as far as I am concerned there is non
opinion that has been written or published before. The source of the thesis have
been listed in bibliography if any incorrectness in the future dealing with my
statement above, I will be fully accept and responsible for any conciquences
Surakarta, December 2, 2014
LAILATI AN’IMAH
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah the Almighty the beneficent and the merciful, praise
to be Allah Lord of the world who has bestowed upon the writer in completing
this thesis. It is no other words but the words of gratefulness to Allah, My saviour
for I can finish this thesis peace and blessing upon our prophet Muhammad, his
families, his companion, and his followers
It would be impossible for me to do to write without one’s guidance, that
have an endless love for me, for my life even though I often late to realize that and
to show my gratitude. I am deeply amazed for these, I would like to thank to my
First thesis advisor, Mrs Dr.Phil.Dewi Candranigrum, thank you for the advices
and words that encuorage me to write the thesis. I thank too Mrs Dra. Malikatul
Laila, M.Hum, my second thesis advisor, who also guides me in writing my thesis
and simplifies it so that I can finish it. A great gratitude is also given to all
lecturers of Gratuated Program of language Education Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta.
I would like to address my deep gratitude to my family. My “Father”
M.Turmudzi ( in memorian) , who is now in heaven, thanks for every words of
your pray for me every night. Thanks for everything have though to me, It has
made much differences. But it will never be enough for me; it is too early that you
leave me. You are the toughest figure I ever had. It is worth to have you in my life
and it will be always be. Though I do not know how to make it come true if I miss
you and need to talk. My “Mother’ Hj.Badriyatul Choiriyah, thanks for your
endless loving and praying. You have given all the best you have as an
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unrewarded sacrifice for me. My husband “Maz Iwit” and my child “Kayla” who
always be the one I want see when I back home. Our home will be empty without
them.
I would like to address my gratitude to my family my father and mother in
law Mr. Suwito and Mrs Supani, I will never forget all those time, all those
things. A sincerely gratitude is also for those who have given their love to my
family especially at the time my brother “Mas Natsir”, My sisters, Mbak Isnaini,
Mbk Nikmah Atikah, Mbk syarifah, Dik Ulfah, and Dik Khusnati.
I would like to thank to my friends, Mbk Rokimah, Mbk Niken, Mbk
Tatik, Mbk Ika, Galuh, Abror, Muslimin, Didik and Hamzah, thanks for our nine
frinedship.
Finally, I would like to thank for everyone whose name are not written
here but have filled my life with various and valuable experiences. I am sure this
paper will be enough to write all of your kindness upon me. God bless you all.
Surakarta,
December, 2015
LAILATI AN’IMAH
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
THE TITLE ..................................................................................................
i
CONSULTANT NOTE FIRST ADVISOR…. ..............................................
ii
CONCULTANT NOTE SECOND ADVISOR..............................................
iii
APPROVAL .................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION..............................................................................................
vi
PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...............................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
x
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................
xii
I INTRODUCTION
A.Background of the Study ..................................................................
1
B.Problem Statement ...........................................................................
8
C.Object of the Study...........................................................................
8
D.Benefit of the Study .........................................................................
8
E.Research Paper Organization ............................................................
9
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Previous Research ..........................................................................
10
B. Underlying Theory .........................................................................
11
1 .The notion of Discourse Analysis .................................................
11
2. The differences between Text, Discourse and Context ................
12
3. The Notion of Deixis ...................................................................
19
4. Kinds of Deixis ...........................................................................
20
5. Social Cultural Context Determining Meaning ............................
27
6. Key Term of Novel.....................................................................
27
7. Socio Aspects of Historical Background of American Society ..
31
x
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Research .......................................................................
41
B. Objective of the research .................................................................
41
C. Type of the Data and Data Source ...................................................
41
D. Technique of Data Collection ........................................................
41
E. Technique for Analyzing the Data .................................................
42
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION OF RICHARD
WRIGHT’S BLACK BOY
A. Data Analysis ..................................................................................
44
1. The Type of Deixis used in novel of Richard Wright’s Black Boy
a.Person Deixis .............................................................................
44
1). First Person Deixis ...................................................................
45
2). Second Person Deixis ............................................................
49
3) Third Person Deixis ................................................................
51
b. Place Deixis ............................................................................
54
c. Time Deixis ............................................................................
56
d. Discourse Deixis .....................................................................
56
e. Social Deixis ...........................................................................
56
2. The Meaning of Deixis used in novel of Richard Wright’s Black
Boy........................................................................................... 139
B. Research Finding.............................................................................
1. The Type of Deixis used in novel of Richard Wright’s Black Boy 160
2. The Meaning of Deixis used in novel of Richard Wright’s Black
Boy........................................................................................... 170
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ...................................................................................... 174
B. Suggestion....................................................................................... 175
BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................... 176
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ABSTRACT
LAILATI AN’IMAH, S2 00 100 018 , “DEIXIS ANALYSIS ON RICHARD
WRIGHTS BLACK BOY” Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The objectives of the study are to find out the type of deixis, and clarify
the meaning of deixis used in Deixis Analysis on Richard Wright’s Black boy.
In collecting the data, the writer uses observation and documentation
method by techniques of reading, selecting, identifying, and noting the deixis
forms which can be found in Richard Wright’s Black Boy’s novel. This research
employs the theory of deixis in discourse analysis, and the kinds of context for
discourse analysis to clarify the meaning of deixis.
The result of the study shows that, there are five deixis type found in the
data: (1) Person deixis that is divided into first person deixis, second person, and
third person; (2) Place deixis; (3) Time deixis; (4) Discourse deixis; and (5) Social
deixis that is divided into absolute social deixis and relational social deixis. In
clarifying the meaning of deixis, the researcher uses theory of contextual meaning.
The researcher finds five deixis in the novel of Richard’s Wright’s Black Boy, The
meaning of Person Deixis, First Person deixis the word (I) refers to Richard,
Richard’s mother, Richard’s father; Richard’s brother, one of gangs boys, Aunt
Jody, Richard’s friend, Mr. Burhan, Uncle Clark, Richard’s teacher, a black man,
Granny, editor, the Boss’s son, Griggs, a white man, Mr. Crane, Reynold, Mrs.
Moss, Bess, a catholic’s man and a librarian. (2) Second person deixis the word
(you) refers to Richard, Richard’s mother, boy, Griggs, Bess, Catholic’s man,
Richard’s father. The word (We) refers to Richard and his brother, Richard and
his mother, Aunt Maggie and Granny, editor’s company, Niggers, and Richard
and Bess. (3) Third Person Deixis (He) refers to Father, Richard’s brother,
Doctor, Uncle Clark, the boy, Mr. Burder’s son, Mr. Burder, Rebellious boy,
editor, White Klu Kluxers, Granpa, Bess, uncle Tom, White Buyer, and Mr. Falk .
The word (She) refers to Mother, Mama, Richard’s Granny, Ma’am, Aunt
Auddies, Mrs. Moss, Bess. The word (They) refers to some boys, gang of boys,
Uncle Clark and Aunt Jody, Granny and Aunt Addies, White Klu Kluxers, and
Richard’s classmate. The meaning of Place Deixis, The word (Here) refers to
Richard’s house, outside the house, Mr. Burden’s room, Aunt Jody’s house, in the
street of gang black man, and Mr. Pease’s office. The word (Come) refers to the
place where Richard burn the kitten, Granny’s house, Aunt Jody, white man’s
office, Mr. Crane’s office, doorway and in the window. The word (There) refers to
kitchen, and outside the house. The word (Go) refers to Broad, in the kitchen,
store, and bedroom. The meaning of Time Deixis, The word (now) refers to time
when Papa can sleep after Richard killed the kitten, Time when boy was angry
with Richard and time when Richard could read his paper, time when Richard
getting a job, time when Bess orders Richard to receive her love, time when Mr.
Crane asked Richard keep control if he wants to get a job, time when librarian
asked Richard about the book, time when Richard felt that Bess is crazy and time
when Richard different feeling after read some book in library. The word (This
Night) refers to time when the mother giving teaching of life to Richard, time
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when Richard got punishment from Granny. The word (This Morning) refers to
the time when Richard feels a naïve boy after meeting a girl like Bess. The word
(One evening) refers to the time when mother asked Richard to go shopping for
food, time when Richard and his brother were ordered to stay in their Uncle. The
word (Tomorrow) refers to the time when Richard thinks that how to make her
mother better, time when Richard got oppourtunity to read his paper. The meaning
of Discourse Deixis, The word (This) refers to the preceding statement that is
uttered by Richard to go out from the house, preceding statement from Richard
after getting a test in his job. The word (That) refers to preceding statement that is
uttered by white man to Richard to leave the south preceding statement that is
uttered by white man to Richard to not use the language like white people in the
office. The meaning of Social Deixis, The word (Mrs. Burder) refers to the
Boss’s of Richard mother, The word (Mr. Crane) refers to Richard’s Boss, The
word (Mr. Reynold) refers to white man in Richard’s office, The word (Mrs.
Moss) refers to Mother’s Bess. The word (Mother) refers to Richard’s mother,
The word (Uncle Clark), (Uncle Tom), (Aunt Jody), (Aunt Maggie), (Aunt Addie)
refers to Richard’s Uncle and Richard’s Aunt
Key words : deixis,deictic, proximal and distal distance.
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