FACT SHEET
Cereal Variety Disease Guide 2016
By Hugh Wallwork, Principal Cereal Pathologist and Pamela Zwer, Oat Breeder
Summary of 2015 season and
implications for 2016
A cold winter, dry spring and lots of fungicide kept most
cereal diseases at bay during 2015.
Rusts were not a serious problem and the barley net
blotches were at a low level compared to recent years.
The most concerning developments were an increase in
septoria tritici blotch and eyespot in wheat crops across
a wide area. Take-all hit many wheat crops along the far
west coast and central EP particularly in calcareous soils
and in paddocks where there was a history of intensive
wheat and grass weeds combined with reduced stubble
breakdown. Red leather leaf was severe in oaten hay
crops in the Marrabel Valley. Loose smut affected many
Hindmarsh barley crops and was also reported in Scope
on the Eyre Peninsula.
Rusts in wheat and barley
Stripe rust was observed in wheat crops throughout the
Mid and Lower North from mid August onwards. In most
cases the hotspots were observed in crops of Mace whilst
growers were applying their protective fungicides. These
sprays and earlier applications of in-furrow fungicides
kept stripe rust under good control. Very little leaf or stem
rust was observed in wheat in 2015.
Barley leaf rust was not a serious problem in 2015. A
much reduced area sown to very susceptible varieties
such as Keel and Schooner have kept this disease
in check in recent years. Virulence on Compass was
observed just once in 2015 on the far west coast in South
Australia. The crop was sprayed and no further reports
of rust on this variety were received in SA. Virulence
on Compass was present in Western Australia and the
eastern states where it is rated as very susceptible.
Eyespot
EEyespot was again observed more widely than in
previous years with crops lodging from the disease
around Cleve on the Eastern Eyre Peninsula and Lower
Yorke Peninsula areas as well as the more common
higher rainfall areas of the Lower and Mid North and
South-East. In 2016 eyespot inoculum will be included in
the PredictaB reports for the first time.
Cereal Variety Disease Guide 2016
Variety evaluation trials run by SARDI with funds from
GRDC indicate that Trojan and Emu Rock have some
useful resistance whereas Axe, Cobra, Corack, Mace,
Scout, Shield and Wyalkatchem are all quite susceptible.
The long season wheat Manning is also known to have a
useful resistance gene derived from a UK variety.
Septoria tritici blotch
This disease was observed in small hotspots in many
crops across the Mid and Lower North, Yorke Peninsula,
Lower and Eastern Eyre Peninsula from mid September
onwards. An area to the west of Point Pass in the Mid
North was exceptional in that a number of crops in this
area were uniformly infected with septoria suggesting
that this area would have had septoria building up in
the previous season and may have been the source
for the wider infection in 2015. From 1994 until 2015
septoria tritici blotch has been quite rare in most of the
state although it has been an increasing concern in the
South-East of SA where cereal cultivation has intensified
and rotations shortened. Most of the infection observed
in 2015 was on Mace which indicates that the septoria
population derives from the South-East and/or Victoria
where virulence has increased on this and other varieties
such as Wyalkatchem and SQ Revenue. Whilst these
outbreaks caused little damage in the past season the
wide distribution of virulent inoculum means that the
potential for greater losses now exists for future years.
Damage is most likely to occur where crops are early
sown and good rainfall in winter /spring allows the fungus
to splash up the canopy.
Spot form net blotch
In GRDC funded trials at Wharminda where SFNB was
severe, Hindmarsh (S) lost yield of around 16%, La Trobe
(MSS) 10% and Scope (MS) 11% compared to plots
treated with Systiva and foliar sprays. A similar trial in
2014 showed figures of 13% for Hindmarsh and 10% for
La Trobe. SloopSA (SVS) lost 21% and 18% in 2015 and
2014 respectively.
These trials are providing good estimates of potential
yield losses for a range of resistance levels to SFNB
across seasons and indicating that for many varieties,
the economic benefits of fungicide applications are not as
clear cut as they are for net form net blotch, leaf rust and
scald.
Information may be used with acknowledgement.
February 2016
Wheat
Adagio
Axe
Beckom
Cobra
Corack
Cosmick
Cutlass
Darwin
Emu Rock
Forrest
Grenade CLPlus
Harper
Hatchet CL Plus
Impala
Kiora
Kord CL Plus
Mace
Manning
Orion
Revenue
Scepter
Scout
Shield
Tenfour
Trojan
Wyalkatchem
Yitpi
Durum
Aurora
Caparoi
Hyperno
Saintly
Tjilkuri
WID802
Yawa
Triticale
Astute
Bison
Bogong
Chopper
Fusion
Goanna
Hawkeye
Stem
SVS
MS
MR
RMR
MR
MS
R
MR
MRMS
RMR
MR
MRMS
MS
MR
RMR
MR
MR
MR
MR
RMR
MR
MR
RMR
S
MRMS
MS
S
Rust
Stripe
RMR
RMR
MRMS
MSS
MS
MS
MS
MR
MRMS
RMR
MRMS
MS
MRMS
MR
RMR
MRMS
SVS
RMR
MSS
R
MSS
MS
MR
SVS
MR
S
MRMS
Leaf
MS
S
S
MR
SVS
SVS
RMR
SVS
S
MSS
S
S
SVS
SVS
MR,MS
MS
MSS
RMR
R
S
MSS
MS
R
MSS
MRMS
SVS
S
Septoria
tritici blotch
MRMS
SVS
SVS
MSS
SVS
S
MSS
SVS
SVS
MSS
SVS
MSS
SVS
SVS
S
S
SVS
MR
MSS
MS
S
MSS
S
SVS
MSS
S
MSS
CCN
Resistance
S
S
R
MS
RMR
S
MR
MSS
S
S
MR
MR
MR
S
MSS
MR
MRMS
MS
S
S
MRMS
R
MRMS
MRMS
MS
S
MR
Yellow
leaf spot
MRMS
S
MSS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MSS
S
MRMS
MRMS
S
S
S
MSS
MSS
MSS
MRMS
MRMS
MSS
MS
MRMS
SVS
MSS
MRMS
MSS
MR
SVS
Powdery
mildew
MR
MS
–
MRMS
SVS
MS
–
–
S
MS
MS
MS
MS
RMR
MRMS
MSS
MSS
MR
MS
MR
–
MS
MRMS
–
MSS
SVS
MRMS
RMR
RMR
RMR
MR
MR
RMR
RMR
RMR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
R
RMR
R
MRMS
R
R
R
MS
RMR
MRMS
S
MSS
MS
MR
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MR
–
MR
MSS
MRMS
MRMS
MS
MS
MSS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MRMS
RMR
RMR
RMR
MRMS
R
R
RMR
RMR
RMR
MRMS
MRMS
RMR
MR^
MR^
RMR
MR
R
R
R
MR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
–
R
R
R
R
MRMS
MR
MR
MR
MRMS
MR
MR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
MR
MR
MRMS
RMR
MRMS
MR
R = Resistant, MR = Moderately Resistant, MS = Moderately Susceptible, S = Susceptible, VS = Very Susceptible
, = mixed reaction
^ = some susceptible plants
Root lesion nematodes
P. neglectus
P. thornei
MS
MS
MSS
MS
MSS
MS
MSS
MSS
MSS
S
MSS
MSS
–
–
MSS
S
MSS
S
S
SVS
MSS
S
S
MSS
MS
MS
SVS
S
MSS
MRMS
MSS
MS
MS
MS
MSS
S
MS
MSS
MSS
MSS
–
–
S
MS
MS
MSS
MSS
MS
MSS
MS
MRMS
MS
MSS
S
RMR
MR
RMR
MR
MR
MS
RMR
Crown
rot
SVS
S
S
S
S
S
–
S
MS
SVS
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
VS
S
S
–
MSS
S
MSS
MS
S
S
Common
root rot
MS
MSS
MSS
MSS
MS
MSS
–
MSS
MSS
MS
MRMS
MRMS
MS
MSS
MS
MRMS
MS
SVS
MSS
SVS
–
S
MRMS
MS
MS
MSS
MS
Flag
smut
MS
S
MR
S
S
SVS
–
MR
MS
MR
MR
RMR
R
SVS
MRMS
MR
S
R
S
S
–
MR
S
RMR
SVS
SVS
MR
Black
point †
–
S
–
MS
S
–
MS
MR
MS
MR
MS
–
–
MRMS
MS
MRMS
MRMS
–
S
MS
–
SVS
MS
–
MRMS
MRMS
MS
Quality
in SA
Red feed
AH
AH
AH
APW
AH
APW
AH
AH
APW
AH
APW
AH
Soft
AH
AH
AH
Feed
Soft / Hay
Feed
AH
AH
AH
Feed
APW
APW
AH
VS
VS
SVS
VS
VS
VS
VS
MRMS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MRMS
R
R
R
R
R
R
–
†
MS
MSS
MS
MS
MSS
MSS
MRMS
Durum
Durum
Durum
Durum
Durum
Durum
Durum
MRMS
MSS
–
R
–
RMR
MSS
MRMS
R
–
S
MSS
MSS
–
–
MSS
MSS
S
–
–
MS
MS
S
R
MSS
SVS
–
–
–
–
MS
MS
MSS
–
–
† Black point is not a disease but a response to certain humid conditions
Tolerance levels are lower for durum receivals
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Barley
Buloke
Charger
Commander
Compass
Fathom
Flagship
Fleet
GrangeR
Hindmarsh
Keel
La Trobe
Macquarie
Maritime
Navigator
Oxford
Rosalind
Schooner
Scope
Shinestar
Spartacus CL
Westminster
Leaf rust*
MS-SVS
MR-MS
MS-S
MR-VS
MRMS-S
MS-S
MRMS-S
MR-MS
MRMS-S
VS
MRMS-S
MR-S
MRMS-S
VS
R-MR
MR-MS
S-VS
MS-SVS
MR-MS
MR-S
R-MRMS
Net form
Spot form
net blotch * net blotch *
MR
MS-S
VS
SVS
MS-S
MSS
MR-MRMS MR-MSS
MR-MS
RMR
MR
MRMS
S-VS
MR
MR-MSS
S
MR
S
MS
MR
MR
MSS
MRMS
SVS
R-VS
MRMS
MR-MS
MR
MR-SVS
MSS
MR
MSS
MR
MS
MR
MS-S
MR
MRMS
MR-MS
MSS
MR
S
Scald*
MS-S
VS
S-SVS
MS-SVS
R-MS
MS-SVS
MR-SVS
MS-SVS
R-VS
MS-SVS
R-VS
R-S
MS-S
R-S
MS-SVS
MR-S
MS-S
MS-S
MS-S
R-VS
R-S
CCN
Powdery
Barley grass
Resistance
mildew
R-MR
R-MR
MRMS
MR
MRMS
S
MRMS
R
R-S
S
MR-S
S
SVS
R
R
RMR-S
SVS
R-MR
MRMS
R-S
R
stripe rust
RMR
RMR
R
R
R
RMR
RMR
R
MR
MRMS
RMR
RMR
S
RMR
R
–
RMR
RMR
–
RMR
R
S
R
R
R
R
R
R
S
R
R
R
S
R
R
S
R
VS
S
–
R
–
Covered
smut
Common
MS
MS
RMR
R
MR
MRMS
MR
MR
MS
R
MS
MS
MS
MSS
MRMS
MRMS
MR
MS
–
MS
RMR
MS
MS
MS
MS
MSS
MSS
MSS
S
S
S
S
MS
S
MS
MSS
–
S
MS
–
S
MRMS
root rot
Root lesion nematodes
P.neglectus P. thornei
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MR
MR
MRMS
MRMS
MS
MS
MRMS
MS
MRMS
MRMS
MS
MRMS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MS
–
MRMS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MRMS
–
MRMS
MS
Black
point
MS
MRMS
MSS
MS
S
MSS
MS
MS
MSS
SVS
MSS
MR
MSS
MSS
MR
–
MS
MSS
–
MSS
MRMS
R = Resistant, MR = Moderately Resistant, MS = Moderately Susceptible, S = Susceptible, VS = Very Susceptible
*
Due to multiple strains of these pathogens, the table provides a range of reactions that may be observed. Different ratings are separated by a -
Oats
Bannister
Brusher
Dunnart
Forester
Glider
Kangaroo
Mitika
Mulgara
Numbat
Tammar
Tungoo
Wallaroo
Williams
Wombat
Wintaroo
Yallara
WA02Q302-9 1
stem *
MR-S
MS-S
MR-S
R-S
MR-S
MS-S
MR-S
MS
MS
MR-S
MS-S
S
MR-S
MS-S
S
S
S
Rust
Leaf *
R
MS-S
MR
MR-MS
MS-S
MS-S
MS-S
MR-MS
S
MR-MS
MS
S
R
MS
S
MS
R-S
CCN
Resistance Tolerance
VS
R
R
MS
MS
R
VS
R
S
MR
R
R
S
R
R
R
R
I
MI
MT
MI
I
MT
I
MT
I
MT
MT
MT
I
T
MT
I
MI-MT
Stem nematode
Resistance Tolerance
–
MS
–
S
R
S
S
R
S
R
R
MS
–
MR
MR
S
–
MI
I
MT
I
T
MI
I
MT
I
T
T
MI
I
MT
MT
I
I
Bacterial
blight
Red leather
leaf
BYDV*
Septoria
avenae
P. neglectus
nematodes
MR-S
MR-MS
MR-S
MS-S
R
MR-MS
MR
MR
S
MR
MR
S
R
MR-MS
MR-MS
MR-MS
MR-S
MS
MS
MS
R-MR
R
MS
S
MS-S
MS
R-MS
R
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MR
MR-S
MR-S
MR-S
MS-S
MS
S
MS
MR-MS
MS
MR-MS
MR
MR-MS
MS
MS-S
S
MS
MR-MS
MR
MR
MR-MS
S
MS
MR
MR
MR
S
MR-MS
MS
MR-MS
MS
S
–
MR-MS
–
–
–
–
–
–
MR
–
–
MR
–
–
MR-MS
–
–
T = Tolerant, MT = Moderately Tolerant, MI = Moderately Intolerant, I = Intolerant, VI = Very Intolerant, – = Uncertain
1
This breeding line will be named in 2016
Oats
For a second successive year there was little in the way
of disease development in oats with the exception that
in the Marrabel valley red leather leaf symptoms were
prevalent in crops. This was likely caused by the wet
conditions in September combined with close rotations
in the valley. Most of the infection was in Mulgara oats
indicating that the previous MS rating for this variety
should now be changed to at least MSS. Control with
fungicides is not a good option so avoiding susceptible
varieties is clearly important.
Explanation for Resistance Classification
R
MR
MS
S
VS
The disease will not multiply or cause any damage on this variety. This rating is only used
where the variety also has seedling resistance.
The disease may be visible and multiply but no significant economic losses will occur. This rating signifies strong adult plant resistance.
The disease may cause damage but this is unlikely to be more than around 15% except in very severe situations.
The disease can be severe on this variety and losses of up to 50% can occur.
Where a disease is a problem this variety should not be grown. Losses greater than 50% are possible and the variety may create significant problems to other growers
Other information
This fact sheet supplements other information available
including the South Australian Sowing Guide 2016 and
Crop Watch email newsletters. Cereal Leaf and Stem
Diseases and Cereal Root and Crown Diseases books
(2000 editions) are also available from Ground Cover
Direct or from Hugh Wallwork in SARDI.
Disease identification
A diagnostic service is available to farmers and industry
for diseased plant specimens.
Samples of all leaf and aerial plant parts should be kept
free of moisture and wrapped in paper not a plastic bag.
Roots should be dug up carefully, preserving as much of
the root system as possible and preferably kept damp.
Samples should be sent, not just before a weekend, to
the following address:
SARDI Diagnostics
Plant Research Centre
Hartley Grove
Urrbrae SA 5064
Further information contact:
[email protected]
Where a ‘-‘ is used then the rating is given as a range of
scores that may be observed depending on which strain
of the pathogen is present.
This classification based on yield loss is only a general
guide and is less applicable for the minor diseases such
as common root rot, or for the leaf diseases in lower
rainfall areas, where yield losses are rarely severe.
Cereal Variety Disease Guide 2016
Information may be used with acknowledgement.
February 2016