ANDBREEDING
ELEMENTAL
GENETICS
FOR
THE
HON EYBEE
- iNovoa
TABLEOF CONTENTS
TNTRODUCTTON
.............4
SF GENETICS...............6
C H A P T E R1 . B A S I CN O T I O N SO N P R I N C I P L EO
1 . 1T h e P h y s i c aal n d C h e m i c aBl a s i so f I n h e r i t a n cwei t h i na C e | 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Cells
.......8
1 . 2 T h eP ro d u cti oonf R e p ro d uctive
1. 3 V a r i a b i l i.t.y. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .I. .
1 . 4P h e n o t y paen d G e n o t y p e
........11
1 . 5G e n e t i cE q u i l i b r i uamn d F o r c e st h a tC h a n g ei t . . . . . . . .
...............12
1 . 6G e n e ti cE ffe cts
........14
1. 7 G e n e t i cC o r r e l a t i o nosf C h a r a c t e r.s. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .1. .8.
1 . 8H e r i t a b i l i t y . . . . . . . . . . .
.....19
OF THE HIVEINHABITANTS..20
C H A P T E R2 . GE N E T ICOR GANIZATION
................20
2 . 1 T h e H a p l o -D i p l o S
i dyste mof Honeybees
2 . 2 C o n se q u e n ceosf th e Ma ti ngBehaviour
of QueenBees
.........20
.......21
2 . 3 G e n e t i cR e l a t i o n s h i p s . . . . . . .
.....22
2.4 Gynandromorphs
.........23
2 . 5S e xD e t e r m i n a t i o n . . . . . . . . . .
B R E E D I N GP R I N C I P L E S
C H A P T E R3 . S E L E C T I V E
...,..,..........25
.....25
3 . 1 D e fi n i n gS e l e cti veB re e d i ng
....25
3 . 2 G o a l so f S e l e cti veB re e d i ng
..........25
3 . 3 C o n d i ti o nfo
s r S e l e cti veB reeding..
,........26
3 . 4 E x pe cta ti o nosf S e l e cti veB reeding
.............26
3 . 5 O b j e cti veosf S e l e cti veB re eding
........26
3 . 6 So urce so f B e e sfo r th e l n i tialStock
.....28
3 . 7 B a s i so f S e l e cti veB re e d i ng
G H A P T E R4 . S E L E C T T O N
...........29
4 . 1 E v al u a ti o nasn d A ssa ys
..........29
.....32
4 . 2 T y p e so f S e l e c t i oS
nchemes..............
......33
4 . 3A n a l y s i o
sf Records...........
......35
4 . 4 S e le cti o n
o f S to ckfo r Mo rethanone Tr ait........
of Se|ection....,.........
......37
4 . 5 F a cto rsth a tA ffe ctth e E ffe ctiveness
.......39
4 . 6 S e l e c t i oR
n esponse..........
.......40
C H AP T E R5 . MA T IN GS Y S T EMSAND MATINGCONTROL..............
Mating.....
......40
g n d C ontr olling
5 . 1 D i f fi cu l ti eDse si g n i n a
i...............
.......40
5 . 2 M a t i n gS y s t e m s
.........42
5 . 3 M a t i n gC o n t r o l
.................45
C H AP T E R6 . S E L E C T IV EB R EEDINGPROGRAM S
...................45
6 . 1 T y pe so f S e l e cti veB re e d i ngPr ogr am s
r ueens..............
.......45
6 . 2N u m b eo
r f B r e e d eQ
......46
6 . 3 S t e p so f a S e l e cti veB re e d ingPr ogr am .............
..........46
6 . 4 Ex amp l eo f a V e ryS i mp l eSelectiveBr eedingPr ogr am
......47
6 . 5 S t o c kM a i n t e n a n c e . . . . . . . . . . . .
.............49
E X A M P L E SO F R E C O R DS H E E T S