Matter
• Matter is anything that
• Has mass
• Takes up space (volume)
• Things that are not matter
• Light
• Heat
• sound
How would you classify matter?
Come up with a way to classify/categorize these examples of
matter into 3 groups (i.e. think of 3 separate hashtags. Each of
the materials should fit one of those hash tags only.)
Is it important to classify materials? Why or why not?
Lesson 3 Learning Target
Describe and apply different ways of classifying
materials based on their composition and properties,
including:
a. Distinguish between pure substances, solutions,
and mechanical mixtures
b. Distinguish between metals and non-metals
c. Identifying and applying other methods of
classification
Particle model of matter
• All matter is made up of extremely tiny particles
• Each pure substance has its own kind of particle, different from the
particles of other pure substances
• Particles attract each other
• Particles are always moving
• Particles at higher temperatures move faster on average than
particles at a lower temperature
Classification of matter
There are 3 common methods that scientists use to classify materials
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Classification of matter
There are 3 common methods that scientists use to classify materials
Method 2: Classification by metal/non-metal
Metals:
• Shiny
• Malleable
(bendable)
• Good conductors of
electricity
Non-metals:
• Dull
• Not malleable
(bendable)
• Poor conductors of
electricity
Classification of matter
There are 3 common methods that scientists use to classify materials
Method 3: Classification by composition –
mixture or pure substance
(a.k.a. Mechanical
Mixtures)
(a.k.a. Solutions)
Classification of matter
Method 3: Classification by composition: mixture or pure substance
Pure substance: a material that
contains only one kind of particle
(only one kind of molecule)
Classification of matter
Compound: the substance is
made up of more than one kind
of atom, but each particle
(molecule) of the substance is
the same.
Element: the substance is made
up of one kind of atom only (i.e.
anything on the periodic table)
Classification of matter
Method 3: Classification by composition: mixture or pure substance
Mixture: a combination of two or
more pure substances. The
properties of each pure substance
have not changed, but may be
hidden.
Classification of matter
Heterogeneous/
Mechanical Mixture:
you can see the
different substances
Homogeneous/ Solution: you
cannot see the different
substances. To the naked eye it
looks like a pure substance
Ordinary mechanical mixtures
• In ordinary mechanical mixtures, the different
parts are big enough to see, and they stay
mixed (i.e. they do not separate). An example
of this is granite because you can see the
particles of quartz, feldspar, and mica
Suspensions
• A suspension is made of large particles that
are uniformly mixed but will separate if left
undisturbed. Suspensions can be separated
by filtering and will scatter light. Flour is an
example of a suspension.
Colloids
• Colloids are composed of fine particles
evenly distributed throughout a second
substance. Fog is an example of a colloid.
• Whether a mixture forms a solution,
colloid, or suspension depends on the size
of the particles, solubility, and mixing
ability (miscibility).
Emulsions
• Emulsions are types of colloids in which
liquids are dispersed in liquids. An example
is salad dressing. Shaking the oil (liquid)
and vinegar (liquid) creates an emulsion,
but the mixture soon separates into layers.
Classification of matter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vt7lN4QPU0k
The science of macaroni salad: What’s in a mixture?
Is mayo a pure substance? Why or why not?
Check for understanding
1.
Label the following kinds of matter as
either mixtures or pure substances
Pepsi
 helium
 table salt
 pizza
 mercury
 trail mix
2.
List the 3 methods that can be used to
classify matter
3.
What is the big difference between
heterogeneous (mechanical) mixtures and
homogeneous mixtures (solutions)?
Check for understanding
1.
2.
Label the following kinds of matter as
either mixtures or pure substances
Mixture
 Pepsi
 helium
Pure substance
 table salt Pure substance
 pizza
Mixture
 mercury Pure substance
 trail mix Mixture
List the 3 methods that can be used to
classify matter
1. By state of matter: gas, liquid, solid, or
plasma
2. By metal/non-metal
3. By composition: mixture or pure
substance
3.
Distinguish between heterogeneous
(mechanical) mixtures and homogeneous
mixtures (solutions). Give an example of
each.
Heterogeneous (mechanical) mixture:
You can see the different substances. Ex. Fruit
salad
Homogeneous mixture (solution):
You cannot see the different substances, but the
different substances keep their original
properties. Ex. Air
Classification of matter - Lab
Question: Can you determine the
classification of mystery substances?
Classification of matter – Final thoughts
Describe and apply different ways of classifying
materials based on their composition and properties,
including:
a. Distinguish between pure substances,
solutions, and mechanical mixtures
b. Distinguish between metals and non-metals
c. Identifying and applying other methods of
classification
Write a number on the chalkboard to indicate your understanding of this
learning target.
1 – No idea
2 – Sort of
3 – Mostly
4 – I’m a pro
Hand in lab write-up if you’re done. Due
tomorrow.