Nature’s Young
Leopard Cub
A Look
at Beginnings
What a wonderful world!
Section One – Beginnings: – how did we get here?
3 Life, 4 Birth, 5 Creation, 6 Our planet, 7 The Universe, 8 The sun, 9 Stars.
Section Two – How could something start to breath by itself?
10 Breathing, 11 Insects, 12 Fish, 13 Frogs, 14 Birds, 15 Reptiles and Mammals.
Section Three – Reproduction: – inside –outside – in water – on land.
16 What variety! 17 Mammals, 18 Pregnancy, 19 Birth, 20 Two genders.
Section Four – How could one group turn into another group?
21 Bacteria, and Fish, 22 Frogs, reptiles, apes and humans, 23 Birds,
24 Butterflies, 25 This into that? 26 Wings.
Section Five – Nothing works until all of it works.
27 Fish and Frogs, 28 Birds, 29 Ducklings, 30 Pigeons, 31Cells, 32 Plants,
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33 Our five senses, 34 The Big Question, 35 References and Credits.
What is life?
The wonder - the fragility - the awe.
At birth we wait for that first breath.
Will the heart begin to beat?
Will there be life?
We did not have to make our own heart beat.
Blood began pumping around our body at birth.
We did not think about our own first breath.
Our lungs opened up at our first gasp.
We were given the gift of life.
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If male and female took millions of
years to evolve how did life go on?
Unless parents had babies straight
away how did life go on?
Unless pregnancy had worked the
very first time, how did life go on?
Unless the womb was whole first
time, how did life go on?
Unless the umbilical cord was
whole first time, how did life go on?*
Unless the milk-glands gave milk
first time, how did life go on?
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Good Morning -World!
How did the universe start?
For centuries people thought
it could only be God.
Paintings have been painted about it
Music has been composed about it.
Books have been written about it.
Songs have been sung about it.
Museums have been
built for it.*
Because people accepted nature’s laws
as fixed - and not here by chance scientists could experiment.
Mathematics flourished.
Discoveries were made.
Astronomy expanded.
Medicine advanced.
Zoology increased.
Botany flowered.
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The universe
Rocks do not grow.
Water does not expand.
They had to be full size at the start.
Life gets bigger if it has food and water.
Non-life does not get bigger by itself.
If life came from space
who put it there?
Other planets are too
hot, too cold, or too dry.
Here things on earth things are just right.
The balance of gases for breathing is right.
The abundance of water keeps us alive.
Gravity keeps our feet on the ground.
The sun is the right strength for life.
We have soil and plants for food.
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Movement needs energy
What power put planets into space?
How did they get there?
Was it God?
Rock dating methods could be wrong
It is assumed that oxygen levels have roughly been the same.
This may not be true as the oxygen level found in fossil
amber bubbles is more than now.*
One thing needs another to live.
Without the soil to give us plants,
or bees to pollinate the seeds,
or sun to warm the shoots,
or water to give them a drink,
how could any of us eat?
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The sun does move after all
People used to think that the sun moved round the earth.
Then Galileo showed the earth moved round the sun.
This made people think that the sun stood still.
The Church was mocked for saying it moved.
But now we know that the sun does move not around the earth, but at 135 miles
per second around the Milky Way! *
Are there dancing
patterns in the stars?
Planets, suns and moons
sweep in spheres as they swirl.
Comets flare. Stars explode.
Sounds like drums boom out.*
Is it like a party in the sky?
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“Listen to this, Job;
stop and consider God’s wonders.
Do you know how God controls the clouds
and makes His lightnings flash?”
“Where were you when
I laid the earths foundations?
Who marked off its dimensions?
Who shut up the sea behind doors?”
“Have you given orders to the morning,
or shown the dawn its place?
Have you journeyed to the
springs of the sea?
What is the abode of light?
And where does darkness reside?”
(Job Chapters 37 and 38 in the Bible)
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Breathing
Fish have gills.
Insects have tubes.
Whales have blow-holes.
Frogs have both gills and lungs.
Mammals have lungs with a diaphragm.
Reptiles have lungs without a diaphragm.
Elephants breathe through an extra long nose.
Birds have air-sacs and lungs with open-ended tubes.
Didn’t each different way have to work first time?
Creatures absorb oxygen and give out carbon
Plants absorb carbon and give out oxygen.
Each breathes in an opposite way.
If animals evolved from plants
wouldn’t the creature die?
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Worms breathe through their skin.
Didn’t the skin have to be ready
before breathing could begin?
Insects breathe through tubes on their sides.
Didn’t the tubes have to be ready
before breathing could begin?
Some insects have air-sacs for
extra oxygen to fly and jump high.
Their leap is like us jumping over a bus.
Wouldn’t air have leaked out if the
air-sacs were not whole first time?
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Fish breathe with gills
Fish absorb oxygen
by gulping water.
They close their lips,
the throat closes,
the floor of the
mouth rises,
and water is pushed
out over blood vessels
through their gills.
The floor of the
mouth is lowered
before the next gulp.
Gills could not turn into lungs.
Gills take oxygen from water - lungs from air.
Lungs are in the chest - gills are in the head.
Each had to made separately straight away.
Gilled fish die
if they are taken
out of water as
their gills shrivel
up in the air.
Lung-fish have
gills and lungs.
But their lungs
had to be whole
first time as the
fish would have
choked if it
was not ready
to work at once.
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Frogs breathe in four ways
Spawn breathe through membranes.
Tadpoles breathe in water through gills.
Frogs breathe air through skin and lungs.
Didn’t the four ways have to
work in sequence first time?
If not, how could they have
grown up enough to
breed more frogs?
13
Swallows
build nests
that stick
to the wall.
They had
to know
the right
wetness
of mud
straight
away or
the nest
would fall.
Bird’s breath
goes around
air-sacs and
through open
ended tubes.
Reptile’s breath
goes in and
out of blocked
off tubes. Birds
couldn’t have
evolved from
reptiles as
opening up
blocked off
tubes and
having only
half made air
sacs would
have lost air.
14
Mammals have
a diaphragm
of muscle and
nerves stretched
across the chest.
It divides the
lungs from the
stomach area.
Messages from
the brain make
it rise and fall,
so the lungs
move without
thinking. Unless
it worked at once
how could
mammals live?
Reptiles, birds,
and frogs do not
have a diaphragm.
Reptile and bird
lungs are activated
by chest muscles.
Crocodile’s lungs
move from muscles
near the liver. Frogs
lungs move from
muscles near the
floor of their mouth.
If one sort of lung worked – why change?
15
Reproduction
Each set of creatures has a different breeding plan
Mammal babies grow in a womb, then drink milk.
Some crawl from the birth-canal to a pouch.
Some insect eggs turn to grub then adult.
Moths and butterflies also spin a cocoon.
Frog’s eggs are laid in jelly in clumps.
Toad’s eggs are in jelly in strings.
Baby reptiles are cold in shells.
Baby birds are warm in shells.
Snails pair and both lay eggs.
The sea-horse mother puts
eggs in the father’s pouch.
Fish eggs are mostly
fertilised outside the
body in the river or sea.
Males and females
had to be grown
up to reproduce.
How did each of
the lines continue
unless the whole
growth sequence
had worked the
first time in each
different group
of creatures?
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Chicha
“Chicha is the mother of seven pups little black somethings with feet and hair.
Bye and bye when their eyes come
through they’ll see their mother –
the big poodle-do.”*1 (Apologies to AAMilne)
Getting ready
Chicha had puppies when she was nearly three.
A Springer Spaniel was chosen to be the Dad.*2
Bitches “come on heat” about every nine months.*3
Sticky mucous comes out of their backsides and
they give off a scent which male dogs like.
These show the eggs are ready to meet the seed.
The nearest puppy shows the remains of the shriveled bitten off umbilical cord.
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Pregnancy
Puppies grow with half of each of their parent’s genes.
Each puppy is kept snug inside its own membrane water sac.
Unless these bags were whole first time the puppies would die.
Food and oxygen come down a cord from Chicha’s blood to the
pup’s tummy button and on to their stomach, heart and lungs.
Nearer the birth anti-bodies to fight infection also arrive.
Waste and carbon dioxide has been taken away.
A puppy still in the membrane sac
The maternal instinct
Bitches like quiet cosy places to have their pups.
They often move their straw or rugs to make a nest.
When ready, each pup is born in a membrane sac.
Chicha licked them clean and bit the cords in two.
Without being told she knew what to do.
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Birth
The membrane must be cleared away.
If water is inhaled the pup will drown.
At once the lungs have to quickly inflate.
Straight away gulps of air have to be taken in.
The heart and circulation have to start on their own.
Blood each side of the cut cord has to immediately clot.
If one of these things does not happen at once the baby dies.
It all had to work first time so could not have slowly evolved.
C
A puppy coming out of the birth-canal
Once breathing, the pups wriggle to find milk.
They latch on, and know how to suckle at once.
Their eyes are tight shut for the first few days.
They drink, sleep, and drink and sleep again.
Chicha is hungry and needs feeding too.
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How did male
and female begin?
Dividing cells only clone.
Mutations only alter what is there
Natural selection only destroys the weak.
(from bad weather, poor food or from attack).
None of these could have made a new gender.
Male and female are different,
separate and had to match first time.
For one to evolve without the other is utterly pointless.
To then match by chance is mathematically absurd.
To then meet without planning is highly unlikely.
To have the instinct to get together is a must.
To create new life by accident is impossible.
This partnership had to be a thought-out plan.*
20
Can one group change
into another group? No!
Change only happens
with the mixing of the
existing parent’s genes.
No new information
can be added in.
Some bacteria
reproduce every hour.
They have been studied
under the microscope
for 150 years.*
This is over a
million bacteria
lifetimes.
Despite mutations
bacteria are
still bacteria.
Why a fish could
not turn into a frog
Fish eggs are fertilized
in water. Frog-eggs
are fertilised in the
mother frog. Unless
the supposed change
happened in one
compete go the
baby would die.
21
Why a frog could not
turn into a reptile
Frog’s eggs are in jelly.
Reptile’s eggs are in
hard shells with pores
for air to pass through.
Inside are two
membrane linings,
a sac holding the
embryo which
floats in a water sac.
There is also a yolk
for food and a sac for
waste. Frogs eggs have
none of these things.
Why a reptile could not turn into a mammal
Mum’s body had to be organized before giving birth.
The first umbilical cord had to join mother to child.
The first placenta had to give blood to the child.
The very first water-bag had to be water-tight.
The first milk glands had to make milk.
Why an ape or chimpanzee could not turn into a human
Male apes have a reproductive bone humans do not have.
The blood flow during pairing works in a different way.
Ape and human birth-canals are differently placed.
Natural selection only weeds out the weak.
Ape mutations only make a damaged ape.
Sexual selection only makes a different ape.
These do not turn an ape into a human being.*
22
Why a reptile could not turn into a bird
Reptiles are cold blooded - mammals are warm-blooded.
Bird’s eggs are kept warm for at least twenty-one days.
The parents build a nest, the mother goes broody, and
she will nearly starve as she will not leave her eggs.
The hatched chicks have to be kept warm until the
feathers have grown as if they get cold they die.
They have down but the feathers come later on.
They need Mum to guide them as they get lost
and don’t know where to go if left alone.
Why evolve a helpless chick?
Reptile babies feed themselves chicks mostly need to be fed.
23
Which
came first –
the butterfly
or the egg?
Butterflies have
four stages:
egg, caterpillar,
chrysalis, butterfly.
.
.
In order to have young –
all four stages had to work
together in sequence first time.
If not, how did they reproduce?
Most butterfly wing
scales are coloured
with pigment others create sheen with
ridges that scatters light.
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How could this
turn into that?
Monarch Butterfly leaving chrysalis
See the video clip of this on
www.thewonderofcreation.org.uk
In the chrysalis there is change
The caterpillar breaks down to a goo –
it re-assembles – then out comes something new.
Why would it appear to destroy itself into a mush?
Perhaps it knows the next stage is about to begin.
What had one body now has three parts.
What crawled on a plant now flies in the sky.
What could see under water now sees in the air.
What had small suction pads now has jointed legs.
What munched on leaves now sips nectar from flowers.
What had no gender now can become a Mum or Dad.
25
Bird flight muscles are
joined to the chest bone
Insect flight muscles are
joined to the outside
body-case.
Wings are made
in different ways
Birds have feathers.
Bees have transparent gauze.
Bats have skin stretched between bones.
Mosquitoes have membrane over fringed veins.
Dragonflies have membrane over smooth veins.
Butterflies have sparkling linked-together scales.
Ladybirds have a pair of hard shiny outer wings.
All from the same source? No!
Dragonflies have a unique courting system
The male holds the female’s head with hind claspers.
This is followed by other complicated maneuvers.
It had to work first time so how did it evolve?*
26
Instead of ears fish have three chambers and no ear-drum
Each chamber has an “otolith” stone to pick up sound.
Each sort of fish has different shaped stones. *1
Each species can be identified by this alone.
Most fish have jelly in a tube along the sides of their body
It has small pores attached to the nervous system which
alerts the fish’s brain to water disturbance outside.
This means fish never collide.*2
Some fish have a swim-bladder
It is full of air to help them keep afloat.
The air level adjusts as they move up and down.
Wouldn’t the bladder have leaked, and the fish sunk,
unless the swim-bladder was whole first time?
27
Different bIrds have
different shaped breeding parts.*1
Even in a cage they cannot cross-mate.
How could a scale turn into a feather?*2
Feathers need muscles and nerves going to the brain.
Scales lie on top of the body - feathers grow out of the body.
How could a scale turn on its side, dig a hole in the skin,
make muscles and then attach itself to the wing bone?
28
How did the first chick get out of the shell?
Their beak has a knob which falls off the next day.
They use the knob to knock their way out.
If the shell is too thick the chick can
not get out - if too thin it breaks.
Everything had to be right
in the very first egg.
The chick is in something like a hammock
slung between each end of the egg shell.*
This keeps him in the middle so that
he keeps the right way up and
does not stick to the sides.
29
Animals are our friends
Homing pigeons
find their way
back home from
almost anywhere.
Before the days of
mobile phones a
young man took
his pigeon into the
fields for his work.
When he was ready to go home he let it go.
When it had landed in its “loft” his mother
knew it was time to put the supper on.
Horses canter, gallop,
walk, trot and jump.
Is this for the benefit of
the horse or for us?
Cows have four milking
teats but they don’t have
four calves. Is this for
the benefit of us?
Cows have an extra
stomach for re digesting
grass. This makes milk
easier for our young to absorb.
30
A single cell - is it simple? No!
Microscopes show us more than
previous generations knew.
A cell is like a factory
which makes parts for
a bigger machine.
Each cell has different parts
Each performs its own task.
Some fit like a lock and key.
If one bit stops working
the whole cell dies.
Each part had to work
in the very first cell
Early development
is organized in
different ways
In a backboned
animal the anus
(the opening
for waste)
is made before
the mouth.
In a non-back
boned animal
the mouth is
made before
the anus.
31
Plants and seeds
Didn’t the seed have to be complete
before its plant could grow?
Didn’t the plant have to be complete
before its seed could grow?
Didn’t both have to be complete first go?
Plants don’t have blood - animals do.
Animals could not have evolved from plants as they
would have needed a heart and blood already made in one go.
Land plants have breathing pores on the
underside of the leaf so they don’t drown in the rain.
Water plants have pores on top of the leaf but
the leaves are shaped so the rain drains off.
32
.
The five senses
Why evolve
taste-buds
before knowing
there was taste?
Or eyes before
knowing there
was sight?
Or ears before
knowing there
was sound?
Or nostrils
before knowing
there was smell?
Or vocal chords
before knowing
there was speech?
Sound travels by air, liquid, and bone.
Sound waves push others waves forward –
into the ear - past ear-hairs, a drum, muscles,
and bones, then through canals and along nerves.
These impulses are sorted by the brain into sound.
All the parts have to be complete before sound is heard
Why have millions of years of deafness without knowing
whether all the parts put together would eventually hear?
33
Nature is even
more intricate
than we thought.
The variety is
inexhaustible the complexity
unfathomable –
the beauty
indescribable.
Were creatures grown-up at the start?
Parents had to pair first time - or no young.
Pregnancy had to work first time - or no young.
Growing up had to work first time - or no young.
The crunch question is:
How did male and female begin?
Didn’t parents have to be
adult at the start?
Male Chalkhill Blue Butterfly
Female Chalkhill butterfly
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References:
P4 The umbilical cord takes oxygenated air and food from a special group of blood
vessels in the mother called the placenta to the child. This goes down two arteries in the
umbilical cord. In humans there is one vein to bring waste and carbon dioxide back.
Cows and sheep have two veins.
P5 Michelangelo’s ceiling paintings in the Sistine Chapel; Haydn’s Creation Oratorio;
The London Natural History Museum was built as a Cathedral for God.
P7 Gas in fossil amber has over 30% oxygen compared to 21% now. See the paper by
Robert Burner and Gary Landis of Yale University in Science March 1988.
P8 *1 Exact speeds of earth movement are: Earth rotation = 1,041mph. Earth circling
sun = 66,975mph. Earth and sun circling center of Milky Way = 495,000mph.
*2 SETI Astronomers thought it was music when they first heard the stars.
P17 *1 see Pinkle Purr p 91 in “Now we are Six”.*2 Mixing breeds within a
domestic animal group is called sexual selection, but a new animal group cannot be
made. Dogs remain dogs, cows remain cows, and cats remain cats.*3 Adult males
are fertile any time – adult females have seasons of fertility. Different groups of
creatures have different lengths of time between their seasons of fertility.
P20 Human males have a y chromosome that females don’t have, so a female
could not have evolved into a male. Nothing would happen unless the pairing
instinct was already there at the start. This instinct could not have evolved.
P21 see Prof Linton’s quotation in “The Wonder of Creation” p30. (see bottom of page.)
P22 An ape’s penis has a rigid bone humans do not have. Unlike apes rigidity in a human
penis comes from an extra blood flow. Ape cells have an acid different to a human cell.
P26 The female then swings her tail round under the male’s body. He has already moved
his seeds from one place to another holding place before inserting them into the female.
P27 For Otolith stone see “Diversity of Fish” by Gene S Helfman, Burche B Collette and
Douglas E Facey. *2 The tube is called the Lateral line.
P28 Some birds have exterior, others interior, breeding parts Some birds need water for
breeding, others don’t. *2 The fossil bird called Archaeopteryx has whole bird feathers not half-feather and half-scale.
P29 The” hammock” is called Chalaza.
Photos credits:
Front cover and tiger P31 - Nyree Kilmour.
P2, 14, 23, 28, 34 - Alan Willis
P6, 6, 7, - NASA Courtesy of Planet-Earth.
P 11, 12, 15, 21, 27.Mark Haville
P20 Planet-medien AG
P24, 25 Monarch photos – Courtesy of
Bill Powers USA: www pix controller.com
P33 Poppy Carter. (aged 14 years).
Did you enjoy this? Why not try
Author: Jennet Christie SRN
The Wonder of Creation. Tel 01256 882 661
35
Leopard Cub
“Won’t
you believe that
I am especially made?”
Jennet Christie,
Down to Earth Publishing
Moat Cottage, Hartley Wespall,
Hook, Hampshire, RG27 0BB. UK
Tel, +44 (0)1256 882 661
e-mail: [email protected]
www. TheWonderofCreaton.org.uk
Price, Barcode, Copyright, ISBN.
36
See 2nd clip in row of 2 called Life of a Monarch
Time lapse video from a caterpillar to a butterfly.
Movie 1 16 Aug 2007
At the bottom of Piccassa
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