Biology 12
Name:
Blood Vessels/Blood/Respiration Practice Exam
Blood Vessels
1. Describe and differentiate among the five types of blood vessels.
Characteristics
thickness of
smooth muscle
layer
Blood Pressure
(Rank high to
low)
Sphincters
(present or
absent)
Valves
(present or
absent)
Arteries/Arterioles
Veins/Venules
Capillaries
No smooth muscle layer
1 cell layer thick
2.
Describe how the high surface area of the capillaries aids in its function. (2 marks)
3.
Distinguish between the following circulation systems. (3 marks)
Pulmonary:
Systemic:
Coronary:
4. Vessels which have walls made of endothelial cells and which are only one cell thick are
a) arterioles
b) venules
c) lymph veins
d) capillaries
5. Which of the following carries oxygenated blood?
a) umbilical artery
b) inferior vena cava
c) pulmonary artery
d) pulmonary vein
6. Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation?
a) a vein carrying food from the intestine to the liver
b) an artery carrying oxygen to the arms
c) a vein carrying oxygen to the heart
d) a vein carrying carbon dioxide to the right ventricle
7. Which of the following organs is associated with the pulmonary circulation?
a) kidney
b) pancreas
c) liver
d) lungs
8. In which vessels is the blood pressure the highest?
a) arteries
b) arterial
c) lymph
d) capillaries
9. A blood vessel which has a thick middle layer of elastic and muscle fibers is most likely a
a) vein
b) artery
c) venule
d) capillary
10. The major portion of the circulatory system is called the
a) systemic system
b) pulmonary
c) hepatic portal system
d) coronary system
11. In the following diagram, the capillaries are represented by
a)
b)
c)
d)
A
B
C
D
12. The vein which carries the most oxygenated blood is the
a) carotid
b) coronary
c) renal
d) pulmonary
13. Blood pressure falls of drastically in the capillaries because
a) the capillaries contain valves
b) the capillaries collect lymph
c) they have a total large cross-sectional area
d) all of these
14. Describe Capillary-tissue Fluid Exchange
a) At the arterial end of the capillary bed (between blood, ECF and tissues) (3 marks)
b) At the venule end of the capillary bed (between tissues, ECF and blood) (3 marks)
15. Describe why arteries and arterioles are controlled by nerves from the medulla oblongata.
(2 marks)
16. Describe why capillary beds have sphincters at the arteriole end of the capillary bed.
(2 marks)
Blood
17.
Drawing
Function(s)
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
18. Describe 2 functions of the following components of blood plasma.
a. water
b. protein hormones
19. List 3 major nutrients found dissolved in blood plasma
20. List 3 major wastes found dissolved in blood plasma.
Origin
Respiration
21. Identify and give functions for each of the following:
Function
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Pleural membranes
22. Label each of the above structures on the diagram.
23. Explain the roles of Cilia and Mucus in the respiratory tract.
24. Label the following on the diagram
alveoli
bronchiole
pulmonary arteriole
pulmonary venule
pulmonary capillaries
25. Explain the relationship of structure and function of Alveoli.
structure
function
Large surface area
Surrounded by capillaries
Thin – 1 cell layer thick
lipoprotein
26. Describe the interaction of the following in the breathing process.
Inhalation
Exhalation
Lungs
Ribs muscles
Ribs
Diaphragm
Thoracic cavity size
Thoracic cavity pressure
27.
Describe the location and role of the pleural membranes.
28. Explain the roles of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions in stimulating the breathing centre in the
Medulla Oblongata.
Carbon Dioxide:
Hydrogen Ions:
29. Describe the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen during Internal and External Respiration.
Carbon Dioxide
External Respiration
Internal Respiration
30. Describe the roles of the following in the transport of CO2 and O2 in the blood.
component
role
Oxyhemoglobin
HbO2
Caraminohemoglobin
HbCO2
Reduced hemoglobin
HHb
Oxygen