BLM 2-50
continued
17. (a)
(b)
18. (a) FeCl3
(b) (NH4)3PO4
(c) N2S3
(d) tetraphosphorus decaoxide
(e) sodium sulphate
19. (a) 3KI + AlCl3 → 3KCl + AlI3
(b) C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
BLM 2-25, Acids and Bases
+
1. (a) H ; less than; lower; blue; red; turns pink; conduct; sour
–
(b) OH ; greater than; higher; red; blue; remains colourless; conduct; bitter
2. Answers are in boldface.
Chemical Formula of Aqueous
Solution
Name of Acid or Base
H2S
hydrosulphuric acid
hydrogen carbonate
H2CO3
carbonic acid
hydrogen phosphate
H3PO4
phosphoric acid
magnesium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
magnesium hydroxide solution
ammonium hydroxide
NH4OH
ammonium hydroxide solution
hydrogen chlorate
HClO3
chloric acid
hydrogen acetate
CH3COOH
acetic acid or ethanoic acid
hydrogen sulphite
H2SO3
sulphurous acid
Name of Substance
hydrogen sulphide
BLM 2-26, Working with Acids and Bases
1. The safety glasses, gloves, and lab apron serve the same purpose: to protect against accidental spills and contact
with corrosive acids and bases. The eyewash station and safety showers are both used to dilute any acid or base
that has contacted living tissues, to the point at which it is not concentrated enough to cause significant damage.
2. Baking soda can act as either an acid or a base. This property means that it can neutralize both acids and bases.
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This page may be reproduced for classroom use by the purchaser of this book without the written permission of the publisher.
(b)
Applying Knowledge
Substance
pH
Value
Acid or Methyl
Base
Red
Phenolphthalein
Indigo
Carmine
tomato
4
acid
red
colourless
blue
oven cleaner
13
base
yellow
pink
yellow
egg
8
base
yellow
colourless
blue
Acids versus bases
Page 87
definition
3.
Substance
pH
Value
Acid or pH Indicator
Base
Colour of
pH
Indicator
black coffee
5
acid
litmus
red
milk of magnesia
10
base
phenolphthalein
pink
battery acid
0
acid
bromothymol blue
yellow
sea water
8
base
indigo carmine
blue
orange juice
3
acid
methyl orange
red
liquid drain
cleaner
14
base
methyl red
yellow
ACIDS
BASES
compounds
containing
hydrogen that
produce a solution
with a pH of less
than 7 when they
dissolve in water
and that produce a
salt and water when
they react with ionic
compounds
containing
hydroxide ions
chemical
compounds
containing
hydroxide that
produce a solution
with a pH of more
than 7 when they
dissolve in water
and produce a salt
and water when
they react with ionic
compounds
containing positive
hydrogen ions
<7
>7
what to look for
in chemical
formula
H
OH
Comprehension
production of
ions
H+
OH–
Names of acids
Page 86
electrical
conductivity
conductive
conductive
1. ate
taste
taste sour
taste bitter
2. ite
touch
burn skin
feel slippery;
burn skin
3. (a) carbonic acid
(b) acetic acid
pH
examples
HCl, H2SO4, lemons, NaOH, KOH, drain
stomach acid
cleaner, soap
(c) phosphoric acid
(d) chlorous acid
2. (a) acid
(e) sulphurous acid
(b) base
(f) nitric acid
(c) base
(g) hydrofluoric acid
(d) acid
(h) hydrochloric acid
(e) base
4. (a) HI
(f) acid
(b) H2SO4
(g) acid
(c) HClO4
(h) base
(d) HNO2
(i) acid
(e) HClO3
(j) base
(f) HBr
(k) base
(g) H3PO3
(l) acid
(h) HClO
Assessment
Acids and bases
Page 88
1. D 2. F 3. A 4. E 5. B 6. G 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. A
12. C 13. B 14. B
12
MHR • Workbook Answers
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Section 5.2 Salts
(b) acetic acid + barium hydroxide →
water + barium acetate
Comprehension
2 CH3COOH + Ba(OH)2 → 2 H2O + Ba(CH3COO)2
Recognizing acids, bases, and salts
Page 91
1. (a) acid
(b) acid
(c) phosphoric acid + aluminum hydroxide →
water + aluminum phosphate
H3PO4 + Al(OH)3 → 3 H2O + AlPO4
(c) base
(d) nitric acid + lithium hydroxide →
water + lithium nitrate
(d) acid
HNO3 + LiOH → H2O + LiNO3
(e) base
(f) acid
(e) sulphuric acid + calcium hydroxide →
water + calcium sulphate
(g) acid
H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 → 2 H2O + CaSO4
(h) acid
(i) salt
(f) hydrochloric acid + magnesium hydroxide →
water + magnesium chloride
(j) base
2 HCl + Mg(OH)2 → 2 H2O + MgCl2
(k) base
(l) salt
(m) acid
(n) salt
(o) salt
(p) salt
(q) acid
(r) acid
(s) base
(t) acid
(u) acid
(v) salt
2. acetic acid, CH3COOH
3. sodium chloride, NaCl
4. sulphuric acid, H2SO4
5. sodium hydroxide, NaOH
6. magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2
7. hydrochloric acid, HCl
Applying Knowledge
Acid-base neutralization reactions
Page 92
1. (a) H2SO4 + 2 NaOH → 2 H2O + Na2SO4
(b) HNO3 + KOH → H2O + KNO3
(c) 2 HCl + Ca(OH)2 → 2 H2O + CaCl2
(d) 2 H3PO4 + 3 Ba(OH)2 → 6 H2O + Ba3(PO4)2
(e) CH3COOH + NaOH → H2O + NaCH3COO
(f) 2 HNO3 + Sr(OH)2 → 2 H2O + Sr(NO3)2
(g) 3 HF + Fe(OH)3 → 3 H2O + FeF3
Applying Knowledge
Metal oxides and non-metal oxides
Page 93
1. oxygen
2. metal oxide
3. non-metal oxide
4. it becomes basic
5. it becomes acidic
6. a base
7. an acid
8. (a) metal oxide
(b) non-metal oxide
(c) non-metal oxide
(d) metal oxide
(e) non-metal oxide
(f) metal oxide
(g) non-metal oxide
(h) metal oxide
9. (a) a base
(b) an acid
(c) a base
(d) an acid
Assessment
Salts
Page 94
1. A 2. C 3. F 4. E 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. B
12. D 13. B
(h) 4 HBr + Sn(OH)4 → 4 H2O + SnBr4
2. (a) sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide →
water + potassium sulphate
H2SO4 + 2 KOH → 2 H2O + K2SO4
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Workbook Answers • MHR
13
BLM 2-50
continued
3. (a) Using a base to neutralize an acid spill to skin tissue is not a good idea because it is difficult to judge the
correct amount to use. Too little base and the acid will still be corrosive. Too much base and the corrosive
base will damage the tissue. Also, the heat generated by the reaction can further damage skin.
(b) The student should immediately dilute the acid on the affected area by flushing with lots of cold water for
several minutes.
BLM 2-27, Salts and Metal and Non-Metal Oxides
1. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
3. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O; sodium bromide
H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 → MgSO4 + H2O; magnesium sulphate
2H3PO4 + 3Sr(OH)2 → Sr3(PO4)2 + 6H2O; strontium phosphate
3HNO3 + Al(OH)3 → Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O; aluminum nitrate
2CH3COOH + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(CH3COO)2 + 2H2O; calcium acetate
2HF + Mg → MgF2 + H2; magnesium fluoride
6HClO3 + 2Al → 2Al(ClO3)3 + 3H2; aluminum chlorate
2H3PO3 + 6K → 2K3PO3 + 3H2; potassium phosphite
2HNO3 + Ca → Ca(NO3)2 + H2; calcium nitrate
2CH3COOH + Zn → Zn(CH3COO)2 + H2; zinc acetate
basic
acidic
acidic
basic
BLM 2-28, Classifying Substances
1. Substance A is a base because it turns red litmus blue and conducts electricity.
Substance B is an ionic compound because it conducts electricity when dissolved in water.
Substance C is a covalent compound because it is a liquid at room temperature and does not conduct electricity
or change the colour of litmus.
Substance D is an acid because it turns blue litmus red when dissolved in water and also conducts electricity
when dissolved in water.
2. Answers are in boldface.
Chemical Formula
Substance Letter
(A, B, C, or D)
CH3OH
C
hydrogen sulphide
H2S
D
sodium hydroxide
(aqueous solution)
NaOH
A
ammonium sulphide
(aqueous solution)
(NH4)2S
B
Substance
methanol
BLM 2-29, Acids and Bases Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
A
D
C
100 times
Copyright © 2008, McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, a subsidiary of the McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
This page may be reproduced for classroom use by the purchaser of this book without the written permission of the publisher.