As of November 2012
The solution for electric vehicles in
commercial fleets
Bosch Software Innovations
In cooperation with
Americas:
Bosch Software Innovations Corp.
161 N. Clark Street
Suite 3550
Chicago, Illinois 60601/USA
Tel. +1 312 368-2500
[email protected]
www.bosch-si.com
Asia:
Bosch Software Innovations
c/o Robert Bosch (SEA) Pte Ltd
11 Bishan Street 21
Singapore 573943
Tel. +65 6571 2220
[email protected]
www.bosch-si.sg
Europe:
Bosch Software Innovations GmbH
Ziegelei 7
88090 Immenstaad
GERMANY
Tel. +49 7545 202-300
[email protected]
www.bosch-si.com
The solution for electric vehicles in
commercial fleets
Introduction
We are at the beginning of major technological
changes. In a few years’ time, billions of systems and
devices will exchange data and enable completely new
services. In the development of these new smart
services, it is essential to combine expertise in
transferring data and networking with systems and
software knowhow and with domain knowledge and
creativity.
eMobility (electric vehicle charging and monitoring) is
one of the rapidly emerging smart technologies.
Managing the machine-to-machine (M2M) communications for the eMobility infrastructure is a critical success
factor in providing clean, sustainable transportation on
a national and even global basis. It enables efficient
electric vehicle charging across communities, regions,
and countries, and ensures that utilities can support
vehicle charging while maintaining balance in the local
energy grids.
Dr. Heinz Derenbach
CEO
Bosch Software Innovations
© Bosch Software Innovations GmbH
Bosch Software Innovations and Vodafone Global
Enterprise are committed to providing easy-to-use
electric vehicle charging and monitoring capabilities
required by electric vehicle owners and fleets. In this
white paper we present how our combined expertise
enables new eMobility business models and how
electric vehicles are becoming a commercially attractive option for established fleet operators. This area of
joint innovation utilised the strengths and global
leadership of both companies.
A full review of this emerging technology, and the
eMobility initiative by Bosch and Vodafone, are
covered in this white paper. We encourage you to
review the white paper and we would welcome the
opportunity to discuss eMobility with you.
Jan Geldmacher
CEO
Vodafone Global Enterprise
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The solution for electric vehicles in commercial fleets
Vision and change
The objective of this paper is to demistify the elements
driving eMobility, demonstrate that the infrastructure,
technology and services are ready to enable businesses to adopt this as a viable strategy and to highlight
the business benefits that can be gained today. Some
basic premises for this are:
1. Existing reliance upon fossil fuels as the mainstay of
vehicular transport will become progressively expensive, and will be less available in the future.
2. eMobility exists now with sufficient evidence that it
works very effectively in many applications, and
3. Bosch Software Innovations GmbH and its partners
have a solution that will place operators of fleet
vehicles in an advantageous position with substantial benefits now, without having to wait for largescale infrastructural investment from government entities.
Why this is important
There is an increasing level of risk in the availability of
petroleum-based fuels. Geopolitical issues can
threaten or limit availability from some of the world’s
largest oil producers and exporters. Costs can vary
greatly and increase dramatically in a short period of
time and, just as troubling, those increasing costs are
unpredictable and inconsistent.
Earlier in 2012 a barrel of Brent Crude oil was trading
at an all-time high of $ 115.40, pushing the price of
petrol and diesel fuel at the pumps to exceptionally
high levels with some very serious consequences for
businesses and individuals alike.
Motorists, however, can have short memories and
become immune to what they believe to be fluctuating
costs driven simply by geopolitics and the ebb and flow
of OPEC supply. Equally, and selectively, they point to
a track record of inventiveness by the oil and gas
industry in its ability to constantly discover and extract
energy from new sources.
The true picture is, however, quite different with
spiralling costs of production from mostly known,
mature sources that have hitherto been deemed
uneconomic. This, together with a massive increase in
demand for fossil fuels from the economies of Brazil,
Russia, India and China (BRIC) and requirements of
price inflation by some of the major oil producers,
paints a pessimistic picture for the future.
Whilst sales of motor vehicles in Europe have reached
a plateau, demand from the major developing BRIC
economies is very different. During 2011 there were 16
million new petrol and diesel engine powered vehicles
registered in China alone. In 2012, that number of new
and additional vehicles in China is expected to grow by
a further 23 million and, consistent with that growth,
© Bosch Software Innovations GmbH
China is on a massive spending spree to acquire oil
extraction interests worldwide.
Why now?
Availability is no longer the main issue. There is
already a choice of EVs with many major vehicle
manufacturers in the world either having currently for
sale, or about to launch, some form of EV or plug-in
hybrid onto the eMobility market.
All motorists are well aware of the many elements that
add to the final cost of motoring and the impact they
have upon budgets. These include the costs of
acquiring vehicles, be that some form of financing or
lease hire and, if the vehicle is purchased, there will be
the depreciation of value as the vehicle ages. In
addition, there are the overheads of taxation, insurance, maintenance and running costs related to
usage such as repairs, road tolls, parking and, of
course, the ever escalating cost of the petrol or diesel
fuel put in the tank.
It’s very much the same for commercial fleets of
vehicles, be they large or small, with companies
struggling to maximise value from their investment in
transport and keep costs down. They will certainly
have to keep a close eye on an even greater number
of elements that affect how well that fleet operates and
how it contributes to the economic success of the
organisation. Their managers will have lots of experience and some very clear views on what works and
what does not work and will know how benefits and
costs are affected by aspects such as fuel, capacity,
utilisation, reliability and customer perception of the
service provided, drivers and other employees’ job
satisfaction.
The challenges to adoption
There can be many reasons why the adoption of new
innovative technology can be slow, erratic or fail
especially at an early stage. Usually this is due to the
presence of uncertainties and associated anxieties
about commercial robustness and risk with many
remembering well some of the high profile and
relatively recent examples of marketplace winners and
losers – especially in the audio visual market and
where a development has been dependent upon some
complementary component that has not materialised.
Despite the commitment by vehicle manufacturers and
availability of a wide range of EVs, anxieties remain
over, for example, the limited range from batteries,
long charging cycles, lack of infrastructure, high startup costs, an uncertainty about what users have to do
to make it all work and whether their investment would
be future-proofed.
All these negative associations are dated and can now
be addressed and resolved with the latest generation
of eMobility solutions and are described below.
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The solution for electric vehicles in commercial fleets
Of these associations, however, the one that features
large is that of the seeming lack of a supportive
infrastructure for charging and the unworkable situation
this could create. In relatively small-scale applications,
solutions are fairly straightforward and have been
readily provided by governments and utilities but
general opinion is that the scale of investment necessary to provide a network to support wide-scale
adoption of eMobility is far too political and large and
hence highly unlikely to be met by government or any
single investor in the foreseeable future.
„ Daimler SMART Fortwo EVs are being used in
Amsterdam alongside Renault and Nissan EVs
within an 80 km zone with 250 charging points
located in car parks and supermarkets.
The approach taken by Bosch Software Innovations
and its partners accepts the unlikely event of any
government or other single investor providing an early
solution. Instead, it assumes each business user of
eMobility will readily provide charging points for its own
needs.
These pilots have been carried out in close collaboration with customers and between vehicle manufacturers, component manufacturers, utility companies
and with varying degrees of central and local government support to ensure users of EVs have easy
access across multiple charge point options in a
manner similar to the access they currently have with
existing stations offering petrol and diesel for their ICEpowered vehicles.
This relatively small investment, together with differentiated user authentification and billing and standardised connectivity, enables collaborative and reciprocal
arrangements between companies operating eMobility
fleets in a region to create ‘collaborative communities’.
This approach multiplies access to charge points by
enabling the merging of smaller networks into larger
ones. This approach creates a ‘win, win’ solution for
commercial users without having to wait for large-scale
investments.
With the benefit of hind-sight and looking back across
previous product ‘culture’ lifestyle changes, such as
with the mobile phone market, there is always a
consumer ‘tipping point’. This is where a new innovative technology becomes economically and practically
attractive, critically more competitive, viable and
advantageous to sufficient consumers than what they
are currently using – not just because the technology
is novel, fascinating and being promoted by the
scientists, engineers and designers that produced it.
Proof of concept
Part of the progress made in the field of eMobility is the
very solid and positive experience acquired from
successful and practical ‘pilots’ completed and
currently in progress across the world. For example
„ Ford has accumulated over 80 million miles of
experience from using a fleet of Focus EV taxis in
San Francisco.
„ Since 2008, the ‘Move About’ car sharing scheme in
Oslo has been providing drivers with access to EVs
for short journeys with Statoil, Norway’s state oil
company, installing 3,500 free EV charging outlets
as part of a national infrastructure.
„ The UK Automotive Council is providing funding for
a charging infrastructure to support the introduction
of the Nissan Leaf in the north-east of England and
BMW Mini EVs were used to transport athletes to
and from venues at the 2012 Olympic Games in
London.
© Bosch Software Innovations GmbH
„ ‘E-mobility Berlin’ aims to be the world’s largest joint
project for environmentally friendly electric cars.
Daimler AG is providing around 1,000 EVs and the
utility RWE installing and operating 500 charging
points in homes, workplaces, parking areas and in
shopping centres. This is being supported by the
German Federal Government.
A viable fleet alternative
Benefits
Fleet managers will probably have a ‘wish list’. They
may even dream of alternatives but still may not have
considered the prospect of operating a fleet comprising
EVs – possibly assuming these to be overly complex,
expensive and insufficiently developed to present a
viable solution for their needs.
Equally they may have never been presented an
assessment of the actual benefits their organisation
could derive from an eMobility solution in a number of
significant areas – both tangible and intangible. For
example:
Low overheads
In many areas there are substantial savings as a
consequence of government incentives for reduced
carbon emissions from vehicles comprising grants,
reduced and, in some circumstances, zero taxation.
This can include purchase and import taxes, capital
concessions and the avoidance of road and fuel taxes
and concessions relating to parking, congestion
charging and other road use especially in city centres.
In the UK, the first government review of its ‘Plug-in
Car Grant’ carried out in January 2012 resulted in an
extension of the grant to vans.
Low operating costs
Low energy consumption, low maintenance costs from
fewer moving parts in electric drive trains compared to
internal combustion (IC) engines and more efficient
operations. Avoidance of punitive spiralling costs of
using fossil fuels and associated disincentives to using
them.
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The solution for electric vehicles in commercial fleets
Cost stability and improved planning
Electric energy prices have proved to be more stable in
the past and certainly not as volatile as prices for petrol
and diesel. Hence it is easier to plan with transportation costs based on stable energy prices than with
those based on volatile gas prices.
New working models
New engagement models improve customer collaboration and loyalty. Shared access and services and new
opportunities for collaborative marketing and advertising.
An enhanced corporate image
Early EV adoption will be perceived as ‘cool’, pioneering, progressive, and as caring for the environment
and the well-being and quality of life for people in the
community.
ECO ‘branding’
tions in exhaust emissions – leading eventually to zero
emissions.
The complete EV solution –
from Bosch Software Innovations
Bosch
Bosch is an eMobility pioneer with very substantial
technical ‘know-how’, in-depth experience, and a
proven partnership approach. Bosch is paving the way
for eMobility by taking an integrated approach. This is
reflected in their development of innovative drive
systems for hybrid and electric vehicles, as well as in
their activities in the areas of renewable energy and
charging infrastructure. The eMobility product portfolio
ranges from gearwheels for wind turbines, smart
solutions for distribution and storage technology to the
powertrain.
EVs are ‘clean’. They have a reduced carbon footprint
as emissions are virtually non-existent, making for
cleaner air in the communities where the vehicles are
driven. Many EV charging station networks can also be
associated with renewable energy generation sources.
Bosch is also working in partnership with third parties
to create a nationwide uniform charging infrastructure
that can be accessed by users securely, easily and
without barriers – independent of what proprietary
systems are in place.
Innovative IT-based solutions
The Hubject project
eMobility fleet operations provide possibilities for
interaction with existing business IT systems and offer
opportunities for new business models.
Following an announcement in January 2012, the
vehicle manufacturers BMW and Daimler, component
manufacturers Bosch and Siemens and the two utilities
EnBW and RWE have formed the joint venture Hubject
GmbH to act as a nationwide pioneer of eMobility with
the specific purpose of expanding eMobility by
improving user confidence and convenience.
Being quiet
EVs are ‘low-noise’ emission vehicles supporting a
higher quality of life especially in high-density living
areas. They do not violate quiet zones in and around
hospitals, for example, and provide an attractive
solution for more efficient, higher vehicle utilisation,
quiet deliveries and other road usage during the night.
An enhanced staff ‘feel good’ factor
Pride, commitment, job satisfaction, EVs encourage a
shift in spending to local and domestic sources of
energy and the use of company infrastructure to
charge personal EVs. EVs are also generally considered to be extremely pleasant to drive. They are
quiet, smooth and relaxing as, for instance, they don’t
require gear changing and commonly win over drivers
from conventional ICE-powered vehicles.
Besides the development of the technical platform,
Hubject plans the introduction of a distinctive compatibility logo to show customers that a charging point
belongs to the partner network. The aim of the logo is
to create a high recognition value that stands for
process and billing security, as well as signifying
trustworthiness and comfort for the end customer. All
this is ensured by roaming and clearing services that
run as a background process and are based on an
interconnected software platform. So while being
invoiced by just one individual contract partner,
eMobility customers will be able to use different
operators’ charging infrastructures.
This new enterprise aims for a deliberately ‘open’ platform involving as many other potential partners as possible including organisations from outside Germany.
Compliance
EVs ensure compliance with increasing legal requirements for reduced exhaust emissions. More and more
cities across the world will continue to set up environmental zones requiring increasingly stringent reduc-
© Bosch Software Innovations GmbH
Consolidating success
A lot of development can also be witnessed in the
components that make up the necessary charging
infrastructure for electric vehicles, e.g. charging points
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The solution for electric vehicles in commercial fleets
or man-machine-interfaces. Knowing how to bring all
these pieces together and for them to work successfully in an environment that is complex and largely
unregulated is precisely what Bosch Software Innovations and its partners have concentrated upon
and tested in the many pilots in which they have
participated.
The EV trial in Singapore, for example, focused
especially upon those areas likely to be of concern to
new EV users in the early phases of adoption. It
included the provision of a local infrastructure of
charging points and the development of web-based
software that did not only help drivers find available
charge points but also enabled them to reserve
charging points in advance. This was deemed to be
especially important in high-density city areas, where
parking spaces and thus options for charging spots are
limited.
An integreated solution for EVs in commercial
fleets
supply grid; securing communications; monitoring and
maintenance; and enabling participants to deliver third
party access conditions.
Collaborative communities
With individual user authentification and billing and
standardised connectivity, access to charge points
multiplies and becomes seamless where collaborative
and reciprocal arrangements exist between companies
operating eMobility fleets in a region.
This kind of intercompany collaboration for ‘opportunity
charging on route’ provides for significant flexibility and
range when required. For most practical purposes, and
especially where local networks have merged, range
becomes unlimited by opportunity charging. Typically,
drivers would plan their routes to include charging at
partner sites where appropriate. For some companies,
the level of collaboration could readily extend to the
interchangeability of vehicles and levels of sharing to
an extent that parts of the fleet become ‘virtual’.
Bosch Software Innovations has learned from its
experience in Singapore and other trials what does
and what does not work and has now teamed up with
different partners to bring that knowledge and experience to the market as an integrated and complete
solution, tailored to the needs of commercial fleet
vehicle operators, especially if those operators:
Another benefit of these inter-company services is the
possibility to bill other users for these charging
operations. This leads to better utilisation rates and
hence to a better profitability of the investments in
charging infrastructure.
„ Are large enterprises with distributed operations.
Through existing partnership arrangements, operators
will be able to choose from a wide range of supportive
fleet services. These include assistance with the
choice of EVs across a range of different vehicles to
match patterns of user duty cycle needs and vehicle
whole life cycle value for money analyses and levels of
service, leasing options and flexibility much the same
as they have at present with their conventional ICEengined vehicles. Typically this can also include
services such as accident damage, servicing, maintenance and repair; roadside assistance; vehicle tax and
fuel cards in the case of hybrids and ER-EVs. Battery
leasing can also be included as an option to reduce
start-up costs.
„ Need mobility between those distributed operations.
„ Currently have fleets of vehicles with the potential to
convert more than 10 of those vehicles to EVs by
2015.
„ Have drivers and other staff that can be trained to
operate the charging infrastructure on their own.
„ Have large parking spaces for vehicles with room
for charging stations.
„ Are small to medium enterprises that are part of, or
can form, a business community with some interdependence and the potential to share services – a
supply chain for example.
In particular, Bosch Software Innovations’ integrated
and complete solution includes the benefits of:
Charging infrastructure
Bosch Software Innovations and its partners are
working together to provide an effective network of fast
and normal charge points that are standardised for
connectivity via a common communications system.
Typically this comprises working with operators and
advising on locations; the installation of dedicated and
suitable operator charge points on company parking
lots; whether these should be public access or
constrained; providing support to ensure compliance
with regulatory standards, procedures and the authorisation of processes for connection to the electrical
© Bosch Software Innovations GmbH
Flexibility and choice
Connectivity and communications
Of particular significance to fleet operators are benefits
from some very progressive, sophisticated but
customer-friendly connectivity and communications
software services from Bosch Software Innovations.
This includes pre-configured SIM cards in charging
stations enabling fast set-up of reliable connectivity,
integration of charging stations and swift cost-effective
roll-out across fleets.
That same software provides a highly dynamic,
eMobility business environment with dynamic driver
information, management information and interconnectivity with backoffice functions through a number of
discrete and tailored portals.
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The solution for electric vehicles in commercial fleets
Drivers will be able to exploit ‘opportunity charging’
where extended range and inter-company arrangements have been agreed.
Fleet managers will receive quality management
information to enhance their own systems on, for
example, fleet assignments, vehicle usage by type and
availability; driver authorisation and barring, workload
and availability; be able to monitor the location and
progress of journeys; the provision of ECO and other
data for modelling, monitoring and reporting purposes.
With virtual or inter-company arrangements, new
opportunities for economies from sharing EVs and
services will arise.
Those responsible for providing and maintaining
charging and communications infrastructure services
will have real-time information enabling them to
operate a reliable and efficient service. In particular
their operation of the system would include the remote
maintenance of charge spots, alarm management,
software deployment, configuration management, key
management, encrypted communications and offline
operation of white lists. For monitoring and reporting
they will be able to receive a status display of charge
spots, monitor the network and manage the server
system and provision of system statistics. Customer
and access rights management would also be included.
The services for backoffices, both for service providers
and users, will become increasingly valued and
important over time in providing the connectivity
necessary to identify and authenticate drivers, attribute
costs, administer billing especially where virtual fleets
and shared services are involved together with links to,
for example, payroll.
A ‘partnership approach’
Bosch Software Innovations and their partners are only
too aware of the concerns potential customers might
have about investing in E-mobility and are therefore
extending to customers the partnership approach they
have themselves been using successfully. By cooperating with vehicle leasing companies, charging station
vendors, installations service providers, utilities offering
green energy and their very own internet services,
Bosch Software Innovations offers complete solutions
to integrate electric vehicles into commercial fleets.
With Bosch Software Innovations acting as system
integrator customers will:
„ Make an investment that will have sustainable
benefits, not just be a ‘one-off’.
„ Enjoy a ‘low hurdle to entry’ and ease of use.
„ Benefit from appropriate technological and system
updates, with data integration and
© Bosch Software Innovations GmbH
„ Be able to draw upon a wide catalogue of modular
and flexible options that are scalable to produce
bespoke solutions.
„ Be able to participate in extended EV business
networks as they develop.
„ Benefit from continued cooperation between Bosch
Software Innovations and their partners in the supply of products and services that are tested to high
technical standards and are compatible, including
upgrades.
In practice this means a high level of reassurance for
customers on the ‘future proofing’ of their investment.
Bosch Software Innovations
and Vodafone partnering to
deliver enhanced eMobility
Vodafone
An important aspect of future proofing will be a
capacity to keep abreast of developments in the wider
wireless communications environment as they occur.
At the heart of the Bosch Software Innovations
eMobility solution is Vodafone’s M2M capability and
expertise which provides a managed global M2M
platform with an available, reliable and secure network
to manage the connectivity to charging stations and
EV charging.
Potential solutions for the future
Vodafone has over 20 years’ experience in the global
mobile environment and is able to complement Bosch
Software Innovations’ eMobility solutions with practical
evolutions to create additional value for users. First
insight into possibilities enables it to create a roadmap
to align to an organisation’s business growth strategy
for eMobility. Vodafone expects the market to grow
and develop substantially over the next 15 years and is
currently investing heavily in delivering eMobility
through:
„ Accurate, real-time billing information – available to
the user to manage their costs, to the charging
station network provider and to the electric utility for
settlement.
„ Location-based services for vehicles integrated with
charging station location for drivers to easily find
and use charging stations as needed; monitoring;
mapping, off-line route planning with map downloading; ‘turn by turn’ navigation. Enhanced security
from being able to monitor the location of vehicles.
„ The provision of real-time traffic data on densities,
levels of usage and breakdowns. This information
can be communicated with those responsible for
roads and traffic management enabling them to take
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The solution for electric vehicles in commercial fleets
early remedial and corrective action where necessary and provide updates to route planning for users.
„ The integration of mobile phones to in-vehicle
displays and operating systems to provide live
updates to navigation data and software systems,
remote information and control and the facility of
hand-held ‘near field communications’ (NFC) technology via smart phone apps for fast user authorisation and billing. The integration of this technology
and hand-held devices with access authorisation to
other non eMobility services thereby reducing the
number of devices required on a day-to-day basis.
„ Global reach. With its global communications
network, Vodafone can act as the single provider for
cross-border or even pancontinental arrangements.
„ Scalability – the capacity to support millions of
connections.
A lasting investment
The main conclusions to draw about the market for
eMobility are:
„ Low overheads – with substantial savings from
government grants, tax incentives and concessions
relating to road use, especially in city centres.
„ Expected stability of energy costs compared to
petrol and diesel costs with resulting improvements
to planning.
„ A partnership approach providing a high level of
reassurance for customers on the ‘future proofing’
of their investment.
„ New working models for improved customer
collaboration and loyalty. New opportunities for
collaborative marketing and advertising.
„ ECO ‘branding’ and an enhanced corporate image
of being ‘cool’, pioneering, progressive and caring of
the environment and the well-being of peoples’
quality of life.
„ Innovative IT-based solutions providing possibilities
for interaction with existing business IT systems and
the opening-up of opportunities for new business
models.
„ An enhanced staff ‘feel good’ factor, pride, commitment, job satisfaction and benefits.
„ Existing reliance upon fossil fuels as the mainstay of
vehicular transport will become progressively expensive, difficult to manage and socially unpopular.
„ Compliance with increasing legal requirements for
reduced exhaust emissions.
„ eMobility exists now with sufficient evidence that it
works very effectively in many applications, and
Appendix
„ Bosch Software Innovations GmbH and their
partners have a solution that will place operators of
fleet vehicles in an advantageous position with
substantial benefits now, without having to wait for
large-scale infrastructural investment.
Phase 1 ‘EVOLUTION’ – now and the next 3–10
years
Bosch Software Innovations understands the typical
concerns of leaders and managers in companies and,
has specifically addressed the classic ‘chicken/egg’
dilemma often facing the introduction of new technologies especially, in this application, with regard to the
provision of a supportive infrastructure of charging
points. From its experience of successful EV pilots, it
knows what works and what does not work, the
interdependence of the different parts, how they need
to fit together to operate successfully and how
daunting it would be for a user to have to put together
a solution itself.
Through partnership working it is offering complete,
integrated B2B solutions that have been proven in the
field and are available now, thereby enabling progressive and innovative companies to move forward and
gain an early competitive advantage.
The specific advantages of the solutions for appropriate fleet applications include:
„ Reduced operating costs from low energy consumption, lower maintenance costs and more efficient
operations.
© Bosch Software Innovations GmbH
1. Collaborative and reciprocal arrangements deliver
extended range from flexible access to charging
points and vehicle and battery inter-changeability
via inter-company and virtual fleets, leasing and
rental arrangements.
2. eMobility networks merge to create larger networks.
Regions become increasingly populated by commercial fleet, public service and private use EVs.
3. Standardisation becomes established as a consequence of the enlarged networks. Customers gain
access to fast and normal charging points quickly,
anywhere, anytime, without hassle, irrespective of
proprietary EV OEM car technology employed in
their vehicle. This facilitates and acts as a multiplier
in increased eMobility adoption.
4. Mobile smart phone and M2M communications
utilising personal navigation device ‘apps’ and NFC
technology continues to develop unabated and with
it the emergence on the market of further highvalue, mission-critical traveller apps providing access to data, maps and even infotainment systems
– all flexible, portable and linked to in-vehicle systems with their larger screen displays and controls
for use whilst driving. This technology and ‘spin-offs’
are already overtaking dedicated portable GPS
devices on price and adaptability.
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The solution for electric vehicles in commercial fleets
5. The introduction of a clear and distinctive eMobility
compatibility logo, already being planned by the
Hubject GmbH JV, which will show customers that
the selected charge point is part of a quality and
secure partner network, much like with cash-point
interbank ATMs. So while being invoiced by just one
individual contract partner, eMobility customers will
be able to use different energy utility operators’
charging infrastructures.
6. Government tax breaks and other incentives
continue alongside increasing costs of fossil fuels.
7. Bosch and its partners are recognised as brand
leaders in the EV field.
8. New batteries become readily available that are
capable of very fast charging and with a range twice
that of current products.
9. Next generation batteries with a substantial
extension of range cascade down for use in volume
EVs.
Phase 2 ‘MATURITY’ – within 10–15 years
10. EV public service buses, coaches and trams have
a significant market share in city centre transport
alongside electric metro systems and links to suburbs and other transport hubs such as airports.
11. Governments begin to introduce parallel systems
to generate tax income as conventional fuel duties
wane. This made easy by integrated and
connectable M2M smart metering and mobile
communications.
12. Improvements in urban safety and security due to
integrated smart communications.
13. Improvements in vehicle and traffic safety arising
from the capacity to interrogate onboard smart
systems.
14. ‘Next generation’ developments using smart
mobile phone apps, onboard car navigation systems and mobile communication M2M networks
accelerate the conversion of motorways and other
major trunk roads into ‘superintelligent highways’
with individual driver control being limited to entry,
exit and off-highway local roads and traffic.
Recent pilots have been undertaken successfully
by BMW in Germany, the Safe Road Trains for the
Environment (SARTRE) project led by Ricardo on
public roads in Barcelona and by Google in California. The pilot in California necessitated changes
in state legislation to permit ‘driverless vehicles’.
© Bosch Software Innovations GmbH
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