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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 8
HOMEWORK 8-1
(pp. 241–245)
VOCABULARY
Define.
1. reactants __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. products ___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. chemical equation ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. precipitate _________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. word equation ______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Complete the chart by listing three signs that suggest that a chemical reaction has taken place.
Include an example of each indication. Use additional paper if necessary.
Indication of Chemical Reaction
Example
On a separate sheet of paper, create a chart or checklist to help you remember the characteristics of
a chemical equation. Use a form that makes sense to you and include examples.
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. In a chemical equation, a coefficient indicates
a. the exact amount of substance used as products in a chemical equation.
b. the relative number of moles of substance in a reaction.
c. the correct formulas of the reactants and products.
d. that a precipitate has formed.
2. Which coefficients would you add to balance the chemical equation Fe + O2 Æ Fe2O3?
a. 2, 3, 1
b. 3, 2, 1
c. 4, 3, 2
d. The equation is already balanced.
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 8
HOMEWORK 8-2
(pp. 245–248)
VOCABULARY
Define.
1. catalyst ___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. reversible reaction ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Write the symbol that corresponds to each explanation.
Explanation
A reaction is carried out at 20ºC.
Indicator of result of a reaction
Indicator of a gaseous reactant
Indicator of a solid precipitate
A reactant or product in the solid state
Indicates a reversible reaction
Indicates that reactants are heated
Symbol
SKILL BUILDER
Write balanced chemical equations for each of these chemical reactions.
Methane and oxygen react to form hydrogen and
carbon dioxide.
Methane and chlorine react to form carbon
tetrachloride and hydrochloric acid.
Hydrochloric acid and barium hydroxide react to form
barium chloride and water.
Silicon oxide and hydrofluoric acid react to form
silicon tetrafluoride and water.
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which sentence is the correct translation for the equation 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) Æ 2Fe2O3(s)?
a. Iron and dioxygen react to form bi-iron trioxide.
b. Solid iron and gaseous oxygen react to form solid iron(III) oxide.
c. Solid iron and solid oxygen react to form iron trioxide.
d. Iron and oxygen react to form gaseous iron(III) oxide.
2. Chemical equations must be balanced in order to satisfy
a. the law of inverse proportions.
b. the Pauli exclusion principle.
c. the law of conservation of energy.
d. the law of conservation of mass.
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 8
HOMEWORK 8-3
(pp. 248–250)
VOCABULARY
Complete each sentence.
1. A chemical equation is like an algebraic equation because they both _________________________.
2. The coefficients of a chemical reaction indicate __________________________________________.
3. A chemical equation shows the smallest numbers of atoms, molecules, or ions that will satisfy
_________________________________________________________________________________.
4. The relative masses of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction can be determined from
_________________________________________________________________________________.
5. A chemical equation does not give information about _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
SKILL BUILDER
Calculate the relative masses of the reactants and products in each chemical reaction.
Show your work. Use an additional sheet of paper if necessary.
Zn + 2HCl Æ ZnCl2 + H2
4Fe + 3O2 Æ 2Fe2O3
C3H8 + 5O2 Æ 3CO2 + 4H2O
2KClO3 Æ 2KCl + 3O2
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. For a chemical equation to be balanced,
a. only the number of atoms must be the same in the reactants and the products.
b. the coefficients of the products must be greater than the coefficients of the reactants.
c. the number and types of atoms must be the same in the products and reactants.
d. the number of moles of reactant must be equal to the number of moles of product.
2. According to the reaction 2Fe2O3 + 3C Æ 4Fe + 3CO2, how many grams of carbon dioxide are
produced according to calculations of relative masses?
a. 36.03 g
b. 44.01 g
c. 84.03 g
d. 132.03 g
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 8
HOMEWORK 8-4
(pp. 250–255)
VOCABULARY
Select the term in Column B that matches the expression in Column A.
Column A
Column B
1. balanced chemical equation _____
a. 2H2 + O2 Æ 2H2O
2. aqueous hydrochloric acid _____
b. (l)
3. unbalanced formula equation _____
c. hydrogen and oxygen yield water
4. liquid state _____
d. Æ
5. yield _____
e. HCl (aq)
6. reversible reaction _____
f.
7. word equation _____
g. H2 + O2 Æ H2O
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
On a separate sheet of paper, create a flow chart that shows the steps in balancing a chemical
equation. Include at least five steps.
Illustrate how to perform the steps by writing a balanced chemical equation that shows the
following: Potassium chloride and lead nitrate react to form potassium nitrate and lead chloride.
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which shows a correctly balanced chemical equation?
a. Ca + O Æ 2CaO
b. MgO + HCl Æ MgCl + OH–
c. H2SO4 + NaOH Æ Na2SO4 + H2O
d. NH4NO2 Æ N2H3 + H2O
2. Which shows a correctly balanced chemical equation?
a. 2Mg + O2 Æ 2MgO
b. C3H8 + O2 Æ CO2 + H2O
c. Ca3PO4 + H2SO4 Æ CaSO4 + H3PO4
d. K + H2 + OH– Æ KOH + H2
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 8
HOMEWORK 8-5
(pp. 256–258)
VOCABULARY AND SKILL BUILDER
Answer each question.
1. What is another name for a synthesis reaction? What happens in a synthesis reaction? ___________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
2. How is an oxide formed? ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
3. What are active metals? What happens when oxides of active metals react with water? ___________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
SKILL BUILDER
Circle the equations that show synthesis reactions.
a. 2Na + Cl2 Æ 2NaCl
b. Zn + 2HCl Æ ZnCl2 + H2
c. Br + LiI Æ LiBr + I
d. 4Fe + 3O2 Æ 2Fe2O3
e. 2H2O Æ 2H2 + O2
f. Ca + O Æ CaO
g. Mg + O2 Æ MgO
h. H2CO3 Æ CO2 + H2O
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. In the equation 2Mg(s) + O2(g) Æ 2MgO(s), MgO is
a. an oxide.
b. a reactant.
c. a precipitate.
d. an oxyacid.
2. Which is an example of a synthesis reaction?
a. Water becomes ice when it is subjected to temperatures below 32ºF.
b. A flame ignites when a stove’s burner is turned on.
c. Liquid coffee is produced when water drips through ground coffee at high temperatures.
d. Iron turns to rust when it is exposed to oxygen.
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 8
HOMEWORK 8-6
(pp. 258–260)
VOCABULARY AND SKILL BUILDER
Define.
1. decomposition reaction _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. electrolysis ________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. binary compound ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Complete the sentences.
4. The general equation that represents a decomposition reaction is ____________________________.
5. A binary compound decomposes into __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
6. Joseph Priestley’s contribution to chemistry was __________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
7. When a metal chlorate is heated, it decomposes to produce _________________________________.
8. When a metal carbonate is heated, it produces ____________________________________________.
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
On a separate sheet of paper, create a chart to record the different types of reactions. Include
synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion reactions. For
each, write a general equation and a specific reaction. (You will find out about single-replacement,
double-replacement, and combustion reactions later in the chapter.) Add to your chart as you
continue reading.
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which is a correctly balanced equation that represents a decomposition reaction?
a. H2CO3 Æ H2O + CO2
b. C4H10O Æ CO2 + H2O
c. NH4NO2 Æ NH3 + H2O
d. both a and c.
2. Which is the correctly balanced equation for the reaction B10H18O2 + O2 Æ B2O3 + H2O?
a. B10H18O2 + 6O2 Æ 5B2O3 + 3H2O
b. B10H18O2 + 11O2 Æ 5B2O3 + 9H2O
c. 2B10H18O2 + 6O2 Æ 10B2O3 + 8H2O
d. The equation is already balanced.
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 8
HOMEWORK 8-7
(pp. 261–264)
VOCABULARY
Define. Then write the equation.
1. a. displacement reaction _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
b. Write the general equations that represent displacement reactions. __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. a. double-replacement reaction ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
b. Write the general equation that represents a double replacement reaction. ____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. combustion reaction _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Create a chart on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. Label the columns with the five
types of reactions. Then classify each of the reactions below by type, writing it in the appropriate
columns in the chart.
Zn + 2HCl Æ ZnCl2 + H2
CH4 + 2O2 Æ CO2 + 2H2O
Mg + O2 Æ MgO2
MgCO2 + 2HCl Æ MgCl2 + H2CO3
2KCl + Pb(NO3)2 Æ 2KNO3 + PbCl2
C7H16 + 11O2 Æ 7CO2 + 8H2O
2Al2O3 Æ 4Al + 3O2
2Na + 2H2O Æ 2NaOH + H2
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which type of reaction occurs when bromine and lithium iodide react to form lithium bromide
and iodine?
a. combustion
b. decomposition
c. single replacement
d. none of the above
2. Which type of reaction occurs when an acid disintegrates to become a nonmetal oxide and water?
a. combustion
b. synthesis
c. double replacement
d. none of the above
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 8
HOMEWORK 8-8
(pp. 265–267)
VOCABULARY AND SKILL BUILDER
Complete each sentence.
1. An activity series is _______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. When Mg, Al, Mn, or Zn reacts with oxygen, the result is __________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
3. When Ni reacts with acid, it __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
4. The metals Ag and Pt are _________________________ reactive than Co and Rb.
5. Activity series are used to predict _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
SKILL BUILDER
Use the activity series shown in Table 8-3 to predict whether each of the possible reactions listed
below will occur. For the reactions that will occur, write a balanced equation showing the reactants
and products.
Rb(s) + H2(g) Æ
________________________________________________
Zn(s) + H2O(aq) Æ
________________________________________________
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) Æ
________________________________________________
Fe(s) + H2O(g) Æ
________________________________________________
Pt(s) + H2O(l) Æ
________________________________________________
Al(s) + O2(g) Æ
________________________________________________
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which equation is correctly balanced?
a. S8 + F2 Æ SF6
b. S8 + 4F2 Æ 2SF6
c. S8 + 3F2 Æ 8SF6
d. S8 + 24F2 Æ 8SF6
2. Which reaction would not be predicted to occur by the activity series?
a. Ni + O2
b. Au + H2
c. Sr + H2O
d. Pb + HCl
Modern Chemistry
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.