Annalong Remembers The Great War 1914 - 1918 What caused ‘The Great War’ 1914 - 1918? There were many factors which led to the outbreak of the ‘Great War’ in Europe. Many of these contributory causes were rooted in the long history of the established powers in Europe at that time - Russia, Germany, France, Italy, Austria-Hungary and Britain. Political wrangles, secret alliances, imperialism and nationalistic pride combined to make early twentieth-century Europe a dangerous powder keg waiting to explode. Alliances In the years preceding the outbreak of war, the European nations were continually manoeuvring and making alliances in order to protect or advance their own interests. In 1881, Germany made an alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy which guaranteed that all three parties would help each other if attacked by France. However, behind the scenes, Italy had made a secret side deal with France saying they would not help the Germans. In 1904, Britain and France signed a pact and then in 1907 Britain, France and Russia committed themselves to a three-way agreement known as the ‘Triple Entente’. Germany saw this latest agreement as a real threat to its power and position. Imperialism For centuries, European powers like the British, French and Dutch had been successfully building empires around the world which had created much wealth through trade, natural assets and in many cases, slavery. Other countries like Germany and Russia were envious of the imperial success of their neighbours and began to plan the creation of their own empires. Tensions grew throughout Europe and as distrust and dislike dominated political affairs - many recognised that conflict was inevitable. Assassination On June 28th 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated in Sarajevo. The Austrians blamed the Serbians and saw this as an opportunity to put the Serbs in their place by imposing a number of harsh conditions which had to be met within 48 hours. When the Serbs failed to respond satisfactorily, Austria-Hungary officially declared war on Serbia on July 28th. Domino effect Because of all various alliances and understandings it seemed inevitable that country by country, Europe would descend into European and worldwide conflict. Austria-Hungary had hoped they could annex Serbia quickly and avoid Russia becoming involved. However, Russia immediately began to mobilise its troops and make ready for war. In response, Germany (AustriaHungary’s closest ally) declared war on Russia on August 1st. A few days later, Germany declared Ulster Memorial Tower, Thiepval 3 war on France and invaded Belgium which prompted Britain to declare war on Germany. The ‘Great War’ had begun. The Ulster crisis In Ulster, political tensions had also reached fever pitch due to the Home Rule crisis which had engulfed the province. Two previous attempts to devolve powers from London to Dublin had been politically defeated in 1886 and 1893 however a series of radical changes in the political landscape meant that in 1912, the ‘Third Home Rule Bill’ appeared to be unstoppable. On September 28th 1912, almost 450,000 Unionists recorded their absolute rejection of Home Rule by signing the Ulster Covenant and Women’s Declaration - pledging themselves to defeat the Bill by using ‘all means which may be found necessary’. unlike Great Britain, conscription was never introduced in Ireland. In 2015, Brunswick Accordion Band began the task of finding out more about the men from Annalong who fell during the conflict. This project has identified 30 men with Annalong connections who did not return from the Great War. The content of this publication is not a definitive list - the information we have on some casualties is incomplete. Indeed there may be further casualties whom we have not yet discovered. Iain Carlisle Brunswick Accordion Band November 2016 The Ulster Volunteer Force was formed in early 1913 and within a year, over 80,000 men had enlisted. The organisation was well structured, disciplined and financed and in April 1914 imported a significant shipment of arms and ammunition. The Unionist leader, Sir Edward Carson stated “I am not for a game of bluff and, unless men are prepared to make great sacrifices which they clearly understand, the talk of resistance is useless.” In response to Unionist militancy, Irish Nationalists formed their own armed paramilitary organisation known as the Irish Volunteers. Whilst their organisation lacked the defined leadership and discipline of the UVF, its membership was twice the size and they too set about importing weapons to ensure Home Rule was enacted in Ireland. By the Spring of 1914, civil war looked increasingly inevitable in Ireland. However the outbreak of war in Europe overtook events locally. Unionists were keen to quickly prove their loyalty to King and Empire and encouraged by their political leaders quickly began to enlist in the armed forces. The ‘Ulster Division’ was formally created in October 1914 and following a period of training, over 17,000 volunteers paraded through Belfast in May 1915 - en route to England and then France. Unionists believed their service would guarantee that Home Rule would not be enacted in Ireland. Many Nationalists also volunteered to fight, and whilst their leadership was split on the subject, many Irish Volunteers followed the lead of John Redmond, the leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party, in signing up to the British and Allied cause. Many thought their service would help protect the ‘freedom of small nations’ and in turn would deliver Home Rule for Ireland. Annalong, like every village and town throughout Britain and Ireland, saw many of her sons eagerly sign up to go to war. The promise of adventure, travel, a noble cause, a steady wage, regular food and the issue of clothing were attractive to many who were used to hard labour in the stone, fishing and agricultural industries of home. It is impossible to say how many served, although statistics show that around 11.5% of all who served died - suggesting a service figure of over 250 men from Annalong and its surrounding townlands. Every man was a volunteer since 4 Sergeants of the 13th Btn (Co. Down Volunteers) Royal Irish Rifles Abreviaitons used – CWGC Commonwealth War Graves Commission SDGW Soldiers died in the Great War KIA Killed in Action Townland and placename spellings are reproduced as they were recorded in the census returns of 1901 and 1911. 5 Campbell, Hugh Coskery, Francis (Frank) Rifleman (13/17405), 13th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles Born on 2nd January 1893 at Mullartown Sergeant (18/164), 12th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles Born on 1st November 1895 at Annalong Parents’ names: Parents’ names: William and Annie/Nancy (née Nugent) Occupation:Farmer Occupation: Not Known Father’s Occupation:Farmer Father’s Occupation:Farmer Addresses: Addresses: Marshall and Mary Ann (née Russell) 116 in Mullartown (1901); 103 in Mullartown (1911) Next-of-Kin:Father Denomination: Church of Ireland. Commemorated in Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong. Enlisted with 13th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles at Downpatrick in September 1914 Posted to France Theatre of War on 6th October 1915 Killed in Action on 1st July 1916, at the age of 23, and is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial (Pier and Face 15 A and 15 B.) in France Medal Entitlement: 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal 101 in Moneydorraghmore, Mullarton (1901); 19 in Moneydorragh More, Mullartown (1911); Upper Ballylough, Annsborough (CWGC) Next-of-Kin: Mother Denomination: Presbyterian. Commemonrated in Annalong Prebyterian Church. (Surname recorded as Croskery) Enlisted with 18th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles at Downpatrick Posted to France Theatre of War on 5th October 1915 Killed in Action on 23rd October 1918, at the age of 24, and is buried in the Ingoyghem Military Cemetery (C.12) in Belgium Medal Entitlement: 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: Medal Rolls indicate service with 11th Battalion, SDGW records death with 8th/9th Battalion, CWGC records death with 12th Battalion 6 7 Cunningham, Joseph Donnan, Charles* Company Serjeant Major (27/852), 24th/27th (Tyneside Irish) Battalion, Northumberland Fusileers Born on 15th February 1898 at Glassdrummond Rifleman (13/17405), 13th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles Born February 1892 in Annalong Parents’ names: Ellen Donnan (Widow) Parents’ names: Charles and Mary Margaret (née Kelly) Occupation: Granite Dresser Addresses: Mullartown Mother’s Occupation: Seamstress Occupation: Boiler factory worker, Cleator Moor, Cumbria Addresses: Next-of-Kin: Father Denomination: Annalong 1911 Next-of-Kin: Mother Roman Catholic Denomination: Presbyterian Enlisted with 27th (4th Tyneside Irish) Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Posted to France Theatre of War on or after 1st January 1916 Died of Wounds (Accidental) on 12th December 1917, at the age of 21, and is buried in the London Cemetery, Neuville-Vitasse (III. D. 7.) in France Medal Entitlement: Gallantry: Distinguished Conduct Medal (As reported in London Gazette, March 4th 1918) ‘For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He continually visited the men of his compnay under very heavy shellfire, cheering and encouraging them. Later, when enemy snipers were active he organised a party of men, took up a position in front of the line and carried out succesful sniping operations against the enemy, thus preventing many casualties amongst his men. His personal example and disregard for danger were an inspiration to all his men’ Enlisted with Canadian Infantry in July 1915 Additional information: * Charles Donnan was reported as a fatality in Belfast News Letter in April 1916 however no record of his death or burial is held by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission or the Canadian Virtual War Memorial website. He may have been missing, presumed dead and then was found - or he may have been taken prisoner and then reappeared at the end of hostilities. British War Medal Victory Medal 8 Last Post and a lament at graveside, August 2016 9 Davidson, Edward Dudgeon, Ralph de Seton Lance-Corporal (19/843), 12th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles Born Annalong 1899 Major, Military Accounts Department, 25th Bombay Rifles, Indian Army Birth details - Not Known Parents’ names: Parents’ names: F. Nassau and Marie Louise Ogilvy Father’s Occupation: Boatman (Coast Guard) Occupation: Career Soldier Addresses: 154 in Moneydorraghmore, Mullarton (1901); Helford Passage, Falmouth, Cornwall Father’s Occupation: Major, 40th Regiment Next-of-Kin: Father Next-of-Kin:Wife Denomination: Church of England Denomination: Edward and Matilda Ann Enlisted with 19th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles at Belfast (Date Not Known) Posted to France Theatre of War on or after 1st January 1916 Died of wounds on 14th April 1918, at the age of 19, and is buried in the Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery (XXVI. F. 9) in Belgium Medal Entitlement: British War Medal Victory Medal Additional Information: Enlisted with the 12th Batallion Royal Irish Rifles at the outbreak of hostilities in 1914. He was subsequently found to be only 15 years old and dismissed. When he reached the legal age he re-enlisted, was sent to the front, and was ‘Killed in Action’ shortly afterwards. Married Margaret Beatrice Vaughan, Dromore Church of Ireland. Commemorated in Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong. Enlisted with Indian Army Stationed in India at outbreak of the war Died on 29th April 1918 and is commemorated on the Karachi 1914-1918 War Memorial in India Additional information: R De Seton Dudgeon was a nephew of Revd Alexander Dudgeon who had been the incumbent of Annalong Parish 1857-1884. He was also a brother in law of Revd Joseph Quinn, Rector of Annalong during the Great War, by the fact that they were married to two sisters. In a will, dated July 1903 he left a £100 bequest to be administered by the incumbent of the Parish of Annalong for the benefit of the Protestant poor of the Parish. Karachi War Memorial 10 11 Elder, Charles Elder, John Private (1/71585), “A” Squadron, North Irish Horse (also served with Household Cavalry and Cavalry of the Line) Born on 22nd May 1893 at Belfast Sergeant (12144), 2nd Battalion, Royal irish Regiment (also served with Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, S/N 10464) Born on 7th June 1880 at Belfast Parents’ names: James and Annie (née McKeever) Parents’ names: James and Annie (née McKeever) Occupation: Grocer’s Assistant (1911) Occupation: Stone Cutter (1911) Father’s Occupation: Ship Caulker Father’s Occupation: Ship Caulker Addresses: 27 New North Queen Street (1901); 25 New North Queen (1911/1918) Addresses: 27 New North Queen Street (1901); 25 New North Queen (1911/1918) Next-of-Kin: Father, Mullartown, Annalong Next-of-Kin: Sister, Mrs Rose Luke of 68 Lilliput Street, Belfast Denomination: Presbyterian. Commemorated in Castleton Presbyterian Church, Belfast. Denomination: Presbyterian. Commemorated in Newington Presbyterian Church, Belfast. Enlisted with North Irish Horse at Antrim (Date Not Known) Posted to France Theatre of War on or after 1st January 1916 Killed in action on 7th November 1918, at the age of 23, and is buried in the Dourlers Communal Cemetery Extension (I. D. 17.) in France. Enlisted with Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers in Belfast (Date Not Known) Posted to France Theatre of War on 23rd August 1914 Killed in action on 20th May 1918, at the age of 39, and is buried in the Varennes Military Cemetery (II. M. 2) in France Medal Entitlement: Medal Entitlement: British War Medal Victory Medal 1914 (Mons) Star British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: North Irish Horse (A Squadron) War Diary 1st April 1918 - 9th June 1919, records the action in which Pte Elder was killed “7th November 1918 - Squadron was employed as advance guard to 19 Brigade, 33rd Division from Petit Maubeuge to Pot du Vin where Squadron was heavily engaged with the enemy” His brother, John, died whilst serving with Royal Irish Regiment 12 Additional information: His father, James Elder, was from Mullartown, Annalong. His brother, Charles, died whilst serving with North Irish Horse. Was a member of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at the outbreak of the Great War 13 Everall, Edward Henry Flanagan, James Francis Able Seaman (233891), HMS Aboukir, Royal Navy Born on 16th November 1888 at Annalong Lance Corporal (14247), 1st Battalion, Auckland Infantry Regiment (NZEF) Born on 6th October 1891 at Newcastle Parents’ names: Parents’ names: Freeman and Ellen James and Lizzie Father’s Occupation: Chief Officer, HM Coast Guard Occupation: Farmer Addresses: Father’s Occupation: Stone Cutter Kilhile, Ballyhack, Wexford (1901); Gillingham, Kent (1911); H M Coast Guard Station, Hythe, Kent (1911, Parents) Next-of-Kin: Mother Addresses: Denomination: Next-of-Kin: Father Church of England Enlisted with Royal Navy at Chatham on 16/11/1906 Killed in Action (at sea) on 22nd September 1914, at the age of 26, and is commemorated on the Chatham Naval Memorial (Panel 2) in England Medal Entitlement: 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal Denomination: 7 in Moneydorraghmore Upper, Mullarton (1901); 44 in Moneydorragh More Upper, Mullartown, Annalong (1911) Roman Catholic Enlisted with Auckland Infantry Regiment (NZEF) at Auckland on 7th March 1916 Posted to France Theatre of War on 17th September 1916 Killed in Action on 22nd October 1917, at the age of 27, and is commemorated on the Tyne Cot Memorial (N.Z. Apse, Panel 1.) in Belgium Medal Entitlement: Additional information: Exactly seven weeks into the First World War, the action of 22nd September 1914 saw three large but old Royal Navy cruisers, manned mainly by reservists and referred to as the Livebait Squadron, sunk by just one German submarine whilst on patrol in the North Sea. In all 1,459 men were lost off the Dutch Coast, on the three ships HMS Aboukir, HMS Cressy and HMS Hogue. Of these, at least 31 men had connections to Ulster, most of them Stokers and three quarters of them part time reservists British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: Emigrated to Auckland with Sister Kathleen. She published his death notice in the local paper there. Chatham Naval Memorial 14 Sinking of Aboukir 15 Gordon, Alexander Wesley Hackett, Walter Ralph Lance Corporal (P/12014), Military Mounted Police, Military Police Corps (also served with Lancashire Hussars Yeomanry (Reg No 1700)) Born on 8th March 1895 at Annalong Lieutenant, 7th Battalion, Queen’s Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) Born Chapelizod, Dublin Parents’ names: Michael Charles and Maria Parents’ names: Addresses: Brooklawn, Palmerstown, Dublin (1911/P); Canning Cottage, Rostrevor (MIC); Glassdrummond, Annalong (CWGC/W) John and Elizabeth (née Gordon) Father’s Occupation: Granite Merchant, Justice of the Peace Addresses: 8 in Moneydorraghmore, Mullarton (1901); 27 Lancaster Avenue, Sefton Park, Liverpool (1911 E&W); The Square, Annalong (CWGC); “Gordonville”, Annalong Next-of-Kin: Brother, John Denomination: Denomination: Presbyterian. Commemorated in Annalong Presbyterian Church. Enlisted with Queen’s Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) Posted to France Theatre of War in July 1915 Killed in Action on 3rd October 1916 and is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial (Pier and Face 11 C.) in France Enlisted with Military Police Corps at Liverpool (Date Not Known) Posted to France Theatre of War on 3rd January 1916 Died on Service on 7th November 1918, at the age of 23, and is buried in the St. Pol British Cemetery, St. Pol-Sur-Ternoise (III. C. 17.) in France Medal Entitlement: Married Eleanor Marianne Katherine McCausland of Drenagh, Limavady on 19th July 1907 Next-of-Kin: Wife Roman Catholic Medal Entitlement: 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: Alexander Gordon was the last of over 130 former pupils of Royal Belfast Academical Institution (Inst) to die in the Great War Additional information: The Commonwealth War Graves Commission records Lt. Hackett as the husband of Mrs Eleanor Hackett, Glassdrummond, Annalong His father was a retired Major and was a Justice of the peace. Walter Ralph Hackett held the position of Regimental Transport Officer and, later Brigade Transport Officer until March 1916. His death was reported in ‘The Tablet - International Catholic News’ paper Royal Belfast Academical Institution Thiepval Memorial 16 17 Hamilton, James Kelso, James Serjeant (24881), 12th Battalion, The King’s (Liverpool Regiment) Born on 11th November 1895 at Annalong Able Seaman (J.8992), HMS Goliath, Royal Navy Born on 10th March 1893 at Glassdrummond, Annalong Parents’ names: Robert and Sarah Ann (née Stevenson) Parents’ names: James and Catherine (née Purdy) Occupation: Farmer’s Son Occupation: Sailor Father’s Occupation: Farmer Father’s Occupation: Naval Seaman Pensioner Addresses: 24 in Mullartown Upper, Mullarton (1901); 19 in Mullartown Upper, Mullartown (1911) Next-of-Kin: Sister (Mary Jane Gordon) Addresses: 25 in Glasdrumman, Mullarton (1901); 50 in Glasdrumman, Mullartown (1911); Glassdrummond, Annalong (NWG) Denomination: Church of Ireland. Commemorated Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong. Next-of-Kin: Father Enlisted with 17th Battalion, The King’s (Liverpool Regiment) at Liverpool (Date Not Known) Posted to France Theatre of War on 7th November 1915 Killed in Action on 2nd April 1918, at the age of 23, and is commemorated on the Pozieres Memorial (Panel 21 To 23.) in France Denomination: Church of Ireland. Commemorated Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong. Medal Entitlement: Medal Entitlement: 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal Poziers Memorial Enlisted with Royal Navy at Devenport on 10th March 1911 Killed in Action at the Dardanelles on 13th May 1915, at the age of 22, and is commemorated on the Plymouth Naval Memorial (Panel 5) in England 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: The Dardanelles campaign aimed to secure the narrow sea route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean which would have allowed direct access to the Russian navy and enabled the supply of munitions and supplies to Russian forces in the east. HMS Goliath was sunk with the loss of 570 crew (73 of which were from Ireland) after providing important naval artillery support to the Cape Helles amphibious landing on the Gallipoli peninsula. HMS Goliath 18 19 Marks, John (Samuel) McDowell, James Rifleman (13/19134), 13th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles Born on 4th December 1894 at Annalong Private (27/1119), 27th (Tyneside Irish) Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers Born on 26th December 1893 at Ballyward Parents’ names: Robert and Elizabeth (née Wallace) Parents’ names: Patrick and Elizabeth (née McGreevy) Occupation: Driller in Quarry Occupation: Boiler factory worker, Cleator Moor, Cumbria Father’s Occupation: Settmaker Father’s Occupation: Stone Cutter Addresses: Addresses: 53 in Shannaghan, Balloolymore (1901); 15 in Cowan Street, Newry (1911) 26 in Moneydorraghmore Upper, Mullarton (1901); 24 in Moneydorragh More Upper, Mullartown (1911) Married Lilian (no other details known) Next-of-Kin: Father Next-of-Kin: Wife Denomination: Enlisted with Royal Irish Rifles at Newry in September 1914 Posted to France Theatre of War on 6th October 1915 Killed in Action on 16th August 1917, at the age of 22, and is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial (Pier and Face 15 A and 15 B) in France Enlisted with Northumberland Fusiliers at Cleator Moor, Cumberland (Date Not Known) Posted to France Theatre of War on or after 1st January 1916 Killed in Action on 1st July 1916, at the age of 22, and is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial (Pier and Face 10 B 11 B and 12 B.) in France Medal Entitlement: Medal Entitlement: 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: Was wounded on 01/07/1916 on the first day of the Somme offensive. It is believed John Marks was killed at the Battle of Langemarck which was part of the third Ypres offensive in Belgium. In an extremely costly engagement, The Royal Irish Rifles suffered 423 fatalities on 16th August - with most commemorated at Tyne Cot Cemetery. Unusually, John Marks is commeorated on the Thiepval Memorial to the missing of the Somme campaign over 80 miles away. His brother, Robert, also served with 13th Battalion Royal Irish Rifles (Reg No 13/19133) and was also wounded on 01/07/1916 and again on 16/08/1917 - the day his brother was killed. 20 Roman Catholic Additional information: He was a cousin of 27/1117 James McDowell who was also killed in action with the 27th (Tyneside Irish) Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers. His father, Patrick McDowell, was born on 17/03/1871 to James and Mary Anne (née Flanigan). 21 McDowell, James Newell, William Private (27/1117), 27th (Tyneside Irish) Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers (also served with 14th and 24th battalions) Born on 25th March 1898 at Glassdrummond Private (2128865), 8th (Manitoba Regiment) Battalion, Canadian Infantry Born on 16th March 1890 at Annalong Parents’ names: William and Ann (née McGrath) Parents’ names: James and Jane (née Rodgers) Occupation: Stone Cutter Occupation: Boiler factory worker, Cleator Moor, Cumbria Father’s Occupation: Farmer and Stonecutter Father’s Occupation: Stonedresser (1901)/Granite Cutter (1911) Addresses: Addresses: 68 in Ballyveaghmore, Ballykeel (1901); 75 in Mullartown, Mullartown (1911) Next-of-Kin: Father Next-of-Kin: Father Denomination: 64 in Moneydorraghmore, Mullarton (1901); Spokane, Washington State, USA (CEF) Denomination: Roman Catholic Enlisted with Northumberland Fusiliers at Newcastle-on-tyne (Date Not Known) Posted to France Theatre of War on or after 1st January 1916 Killed in Action on 28th April 1917, at the age of 20, and is commemorated on the Arras Memorial (Bay 2 And 3.) in France Medal Entitlement: British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: He was a cousin of 27/1119 James McDowell who was also killed in action with the 27th (Tyneside Irish) Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers His father, James McDowell, was born on 23/04/1872 to James and Mary Anne (née Flanagan) Presbyterian. Commemorated in Annalong Presbyterian Church. Enlisted with Canadian Infantry at Toronto on 24th September 1917 Posted to France Theatre of War on or after 1st January 1916 Killed in Action on 9th August 1918, at the age of 28, and is buried in the Le Quesnel Communal Cemetery Extension (A. 38.) in France Additional information: Emigrated to Canada on 31st March 1910 - sailing to St Johns on board the SS ‘Lake Manitoba’ which was operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. Presbyterian Church in Ireland Roll of Honour lists service with the ‘Canadian Rifles’ but Annalong Presbyterian Church War Memorial records regiment as ‘Royal Irish Rifles’ which appears to be an error. Arras Memorial 22 SS ‘Lake Manitoba’ 23 Orr, John Pue, Alexander Private (11670), 1st Battalion, Irish Guards Born on 4th July 1887 at Kilkeel Lance-Corporal (13/18642), 12th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles (also served with ) Born on 26th February 1889 at Annalong Parents’ names: John and Ann (née McDowell) Parents’ names: James and Rose (née Newell) Father’s Occupation: Farmer Occupation: Stone Cutter Addresses: 125 in Mullarton (1901); 135 in Mullartown (1911) The Farm, Mullartown Father’s Occupation: Stone Cutter / Farmer Next-of-Kin: Father Married Mary (May) Cousins in St Annes Cathedral Belast Denomination: Church of Ireland. Commemorated in Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong. Next-of-Kin: Wife Denomination: Church of Ireland. Commemorated in Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong. Enlisted with Irish Guards at Belfast Posted to France Theatre of War on or after 1st January 1916 Killed in Action on 31st July 1917, at the age of 30, and is buried in the Artillery Wood Cemetery (I. A. 2.) near Ypres in Belgium Medal Entitlement: British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: “31st July 1917 - Meantime, the 1st Battalion Irish Guards spent the day in reserve at Chasseur farm under half an hour’s notice to move up if required. They were shelled intermittently all day, with a few casualties” Extract from The Irish Guards in the Great War Vol 1 written by Rudyard Kipling Addresses: 67 in Mullartown, Mullarton (1901); 63 in Mullartown, Mullartown (1911) Enlisted with 13th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles at Downpatrick on September 1914 Posted to France Theatre of War on 6th October 1915 Killed in Action on 2nd September 1918, at the age of 29, and is buried in the Nieuwkerke Churchyard (Y. 1) in Belgium Medal Entitlement: Gallantry: Military Medal (London Gazette 19-11-1917) 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: He was awarded the Military Medal after shooting down a German plane. Interviewd by the Mourne Observer in 1966, local war survivor Ned Wright recalled the incident “The German plane was flying very low right up the Messines road. It was too low for our artillery but Alex grabbed his Lewis gun and brought him down” Nieuwkerke Church 24 25 Pue, Hugh Pue, James Leading Seaman (192413), HMS Viknor, Royal Navy Born on 26th February 1881 at Kilkeel Stoker (1st Class) (K.11276), HMS Eden, Royal Navy Born on 21st October 1894 at Annalong Parents’ names: Arthur and Elizabeth (née Skillen) Parents’ names: Arthur and Elizabeth (née Skillen) Occupation: Stone Cutter Occupation: Stone Cutter Father’s Occupation: Stone Cutter Father’s Occupation: Stone Cutter Addresses: Addresses: 38 in Moneydarraghmore Upper, Mullarton (1901); 36 in Annalong Village, Mullartown (1911) 38 in Moneydorraghmore Upper, Mullarton (1901); 33 in Moneydorragh More Upper, Mullartown (1911) Married Sarah Burden on 22/11/1906 in Christ Church, Church of Ireland, Kilkeel Next-of-Kin: Father Next-of-Kin: Father Denomination: Denomination: Brethren Enlisted with Royal Navy at Chatham on 10th November 1911 before the outbreak of war Killed in Action in English Channel the on 17th June 1916, at the age of 22, and is commemorated on the Chatham Naval Memorial (Panel 17) in England Enlisted with Royal Navy at Portsmouth on 26th February 1899 Killed in Action off the Donegal Coast on 13th January 1915, at the age of 34, and is commemorated on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial (Panel 7) in England 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: H.M.S. Viknor was an 5386 ton armed merchant cruiser of the 10th Cruiser Squadron. On January 13th, 1915 while on active patrol duty in heavy seas off the Donegal coast she struck a German mine and sank with the loss of all 22 officers and 273 ratings. There are a number of graves of both identified and unknown crew from HMS Viknor at Bonamargy Friary (Ballycastle), Rathlin Island and in Ballintoy. 26 Medal Entitlement: 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal Medal Entitlement: H.M.S. Viknor Church of Ireland. Commemorated in Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong. Bonamargy Friary, Ballycastle Additional information: HMS Eden was a Hawthorn Leslie type River-class destroyer launched in 1903 and was one of the fastest vessels of its class capable of making 26 knots . On the night of 18 June 1916 HMS Eden collided with the transport ship SS France in the English Channel. She sank with the loss of her commander, Lieutenant A C N Farquhar and 42 officers and men. The damaged transport ship rescued 33 officers and men. James Pue’s brothers Hugh and Francis were also killed during the Great War HMS Eden Chatham Memorial 27 Pue, Francis Purdy, Robert Rifleman (17/360), 8th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles Born on 24th September 1899 at Annalong Lance-Corporal (18/163), 11th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles Born on 31st January 1894 at Annalong Parents’ names: Parents’ names: Robert and Annie (née Croskery) Father’s Occupation: Stone Cutter Occupation: Not Known Addresses: 38 in Moneydorraghmore Upper, Mullarton (1901); 33 in Moneydorragh More Upper, Mullartown (1911) Father’s Occupation: Sailor (1901) / Farmer (1911) Next-of-Kin: Father Arthur and Elizabeth (née Skillen) Addresses: 139 in Moneydorraghmore, Mullarton (1901); 13 in Moneydorragh More, Mullartown (1911) Denomination: Brethren Next-of-Kin: Father Enlisted with 17th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles at Belfast (Date Not Known) Posted to France Theatre of War on 4th October 1915 with 10th Battalion (Aged 16) Died of Wounds in the Metropolitan Military Hospital, Kingsland Road London on 18th August 1917, at the age of 18, and is buried in the Brookwood Military Cemetery (XII. D. 1A.) in England Denomination: Medal Entitlement: 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: CWGC incorrectly records surname as PUES Francis Pue’s brothers Hugh and James were also killed during the Great War 28 Church of Ireland. Commemorated in Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong. Enlisted with 18th Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles at Downpatrick (Date Not Known) Posted to France Theatre of War on 5th October 1915 Killed in Action on 1st July 1916, at the age of 22, and is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial (Pier and Face 15 A and 15 B.) in France Medal Entitlement: 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal 29 Russell, Thomas Scandridge, William John Blacksmith (1st Class) (341077), HMS Baochante, Royal Navy Born on 30th November 1874 at Annalong Private (2498678) Canadian Forestry Corps Born on 8th May 1892 at Kilkeel Parents’ names: Parents’ names: Henry and Annie (née Mathews) Occupation: Blacksmith Occupation: Stone Cutter Addresses: Father’s Occupation: Farmer Thomas and Allen (née McBirney) 11 Saunders Street, Gillingham, Kent (1911) Married Molly (location and date not known) Next-of-Kin: Wife Denomination: Church of England Enlisted with Royal Navy at Chatham on 6th February 1896 Died of Disease on 16th February 1919, at the age of 44, and is buried in the Gillingham New Cemetery (C of E 18 936) in England Medal Entitlement: Addresses: 16 in Mullartown Upper, Mullarton (1901); 7 in Mullartown Upper, Mullartown (1911) Next-of-Kin: Father Denomination: Church of Ireland. Commemorated in Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong. Enlisted with Canadian Forestry Corps at Toronto on 26th September 1917 Died of Illness (Pneumonia) on 3rd March 1919, at the age of 26, and is buried in the Englefield Green Cemetery (10. 835.) in England where the Canadian Forestry Corps had a nearby hospital. Additional information: WJ Scandridge appears to have emigrated to United States before 1911 and in 1917 crossed into Canada to enlist with the Canadian Army - listing his address as 126th St New York, USA. 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: Career sailor with 23 years service on 16 different ships HMS Bacchante 30 Gillingham Cemetery Englefield Green Cemetery 31 Skillen, Samuel Tribe, Reginald Harry Cook, SS Solway Queen (Aberdeen), Mercantile Marine Born on 17th March 1899 at Annalong Corporal (MS/4792), Mechanical Transport Company, Army Service Corps Born on 7th March 1895 at Barnham, Sussex Parents’ names: Samuel and Sarah (née Doran) Parents’ names: Occupation: Not Known Occupation: Chauffeur Harry and Mary Maria Father’s Occupation: Mercantile Marine Master Father’s Occupation: Builder Addresses: Addresses: 87 in Moneydorraghmore, Mullarton (1901); 70 in Moneydorragh More, Mullartown (1911); Major’s Hill, Annalong (CWGC) Rake, Sussex (1901); Ashlyns, Chapel Road, Epping (1911/B); Forest View Bungalow, Rowledge, Surrey. Glassdrummond, Annalong (Ulster Covenant 1912) Next-of-Kin: Father Next-of-Kin: Mother Denomination: Presbyterian Denomination: Enlisted with Mercantile Marine (Date Not Known) Killed in Action in the North Channel on 2nd April 1918, at the age of 19, and is commemorated on the Tower Hill Memorial in London. Enlisted with Army Service Corps Posted to France Theatre of War on 22nd July 1915 Died of Illness (Influenza) on 2nd January 1919, at the age of 25, and is buried in the City of Paris Cemetery, Pantin (6. 21. 11) in France Medal Entitlement: Church of Ireland. Commemorated in Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong. Medal Entitlement: British War Medal Victory Medal Mercantile Marine Medal 1914-15 Star British War Medal Victory Medal Additional information: Although little is known about RH Tribe, he signed the Ulster Covenant in Annalong in 1912. SS Solway Queen 32 Tower Hill Memorial City of Paris Cemetery Army Service Corps Headstone 33 Wallace, Thomas White, John T Private (12/27325), 9th Battalion, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Born on 5th December 1893 at Annalong Private (1801) 6th Regiment, South African Infantry Birth Details Not Known Parents’ names: James and Agnes (née McAdam) Parents’ names: James and Eliza (née McDowell) Occupation: Farm Worker Occupation: Stone Cutter Father’s Occupation: Farmer Father’s Occupation: Farmer Addresses: Addresses: 87 in Glasdrumman, Mullarton (1901); 88 in Glasdrumman, Mullartown (1911) Next-of-Kin: Father Denomination: Church of Ireland. Commemorated in Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong Enlisted with 12th Battalion, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers at Belfast Posted to France Theatre of War on or after 1st January 1916 Killed in Action on 15th January 1918, at the age of 24, and is buried in the Grand-Seraucourt British Cemetery (I. G. 13.) in France 58 in Moneydorraghmore, Mullarton (1901); 168 in Moneydorragh More, Mullartown (1911/P); Old Town, Annalong (CWGC/P) Next-of-Kin: Father Denomination: Church of Ireland. Commemorated in Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong Enlisted with South African Infantry (Date and Location Not Known) Killed in Action on 12th February 1916, at the age of 40, and is buried in the Taveta Military Cemetery (IX. B. 1.) in Kenya Medal Entitlement: British War Medal Victory Medal Images Headstone (crop) Picture (Wesley Orr) ? War Diary extract 34 35 Annalong Band’s Historic Pilgrimage 19th- 22nd August 2016 Members and supporters of Brunswick Accordion Band, Annalong travelled to France and Belgium in August 2016 to visit the graves of many local Great War fatalities and to perform musical tributes at a number of key sites. The trip, which had been planned over a period of 18 months, saw the band arrive at Brussels airport early on Friday 19th August to be collected by local firm Classic Coaches who had left with all their equipment and uniforms two days previous - travelling by ferry and road. First stop was Ingoyghem Military Cemetery outside Kortrijk where the band laid a wreath at the grave of local man Francis Coskery, 12th Btn Royal Irish Rifles who was killed at the age of 24 in October 1918. Tynecot After a visit to Hill 62 Museum and preserved trenches, the group made their way to Tyne Cot Military Cemetery - the largest Commonwealth War Graves site in the world where twelve thousand servicemen are buried - seventy five percent of whom are unnamed. In addition to these burials, a further thirty five thousand names are to be found on the surrounding walled panels. These are the names of the missing of the campaign in the Ypres salient which could not be fitted onto the massive Menin Gate memorial in Ypres. Cemetery and Memorial near Albert in the Somme region. Here they paid tribute to Sgt James Hamilton from Mullartown, who died serving with the King’s Liverpool Regiment on 2nd April 1918 aged 23. Thiepval Memorial It was then on to the first uniformed engagement of the weekend - at the massive Thiepval Memorial to the missing of the Somme campaign. The memorial, which was designed by Sir Edward Lutyens and unveiled in 1932, carries the names of 72,244 British Empire servicemen killed between 1915 - 1918 in the area and who have no known grave. The Royal British Legion had invited the band to lead their daily act of remembrance which took place every day at noon for the 141 days between 1st July and 17th November 2016. The band marched into the impressive arena and took up position along side the memorial where they played ‘The Supreme Sacrifice’ before Drum Major Andrew Carlisle sounded Last Post and Reveille, Piper Matthew Warwick played the lament ‘Oft in the stilly night’ and band member Stanley Campbell laid a wreath to commemorate the following local men commemorated on the memorial • • • • Rifleman Hugh Campbell, Mullartown, 13th Btn Royal Irish Rifles, Killed 1st July 1916 aged 23 Lt. Walter Hackett, Glasdrumman, 7th Btn Queen’s Own (West Kent) Regt, Killed 3rd Oct 1916 Rifleman John Marks, Annalong, 13th Btn Royal Irish Rifles, Killed 16th Aug 1917 aged 22 Pte James McDowell, Moneydarrghmore, 27th (Tyneside Irish) Northumberland Fusiliers, Killed 1st July 1916 aged 22 • L Cpl Robert Purdy, Mullartown, 11th Btn Royal Irish Rifles, Killed 1st July 1916 aged 22 At the close of the service, the presiding British Legion official, a retired Household Division Officer, thanked the band for their music and made special mention of their discipline and deportment which he said were of the highest order. The band paid tribute to one of these missing men - James Francis Flanagan of Mullartown who had emigrated to New Zealand and was killed serving with the Auckland Infantry Regt in October 1917 aged 27. A few miles away on the outskirts of Ypres, the group once again stopped to honour a local war fatality - John Orr of Annalong, son of John and Ann Orr of ‘The Farm’ Mullartown. He was killed serving with the 1st Btn Irish Guards on 31st July 1917 aged 30. That afternoon, the band checked into their base for the weekend - The Novotel in Ypres town centre and had a relaxing evening in the beautiful town enjoying the various local restaurants, chocolatiers and an open air concert in the town square. Next morning, after a 2 hour journey across the French border, the band arrived at the Poziers 36 37 Ulster Tower The band then marched the short distance from Thiepval village to the Ulster Tower along the infamous Mill Road. This was an emotional journey as the band played the music of home and thoughts turned to the thousands of Ulstermen who had tread this path 100 years previously. On arriving at the Ulster Tower, the group were greeted by the custodians of the monument, Teddy and Phoebe Colligan who for many years have hosted visitors to the site. After lunch in the adjoining café, the band entertained the other visitors with musical selections before band member David McComb laid a wreath at the foot of the iconic memorial. Members of Brunswick LOL 1702 and other Brethren and Sisters who were travelling with the band then held a short act of remembrance at the Orange Memorial situated in the grounds of the Ulster Tower where Worshipful Master Brian Chambers laid a wreath on behalf of the Lodge. After a short visit to the Newfoundland Memorial Park at nearby Beaumont Hamel the party made its way to Varennes Military Cemetery where they visited the grave of Sgt John Elder, 2nd Btn Royal Irish Regt, previously Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers who was killed on 20th May 1918. Local Men Remembered Next stop was St Pol Sur Ternoise and the small Military Cemetery on the outskirts of the rural village where the band paid tribute to L Cpl Alexander Wesley Gordon - son of John and Elizabeth Gordon, ‘Gordonville’ Annalong. Band members Ian and Andrew Gordon laid tributes to their relative who died serving with the Military Mounted Police, aged 23, on 7th November 1918 just 4 days before the Armistice which ended hostilities. The last visit of the day was back over the Belgian border in the small town of Nieukerke where tributes were paid at the grave of LCpl Alexander Pue MM of Mullartown who was killed on 2nd Sept 1918 serving with the 12th Btn Royal Irish Rifles, aged 29. LCpl Pue had been previously awarded the Military Medal for bravery in November 1917. 38 39 Vimy Ridge Menin Gate The following morning the band set out back across the French border and travelled south to Vimy Ridge and the impressive memorial to the 60,000 Canadian who died fighting in France and which bears the name of 11,000 of those with no known grave. That evening the band played a short concert in Ypres town square outside the iconic Cloth Hall which dominates the town centre and houses the ‘In Flanders Fields’ Museum. Here, locals and tourists alike stopped to enjoy a selection of music including popular wartime songs such as Pack up your troubles and It’s a long way to Tipperary. Decorated Local Soldier The Distinguished Conduct Medal awarded to CSM Cunningham is hugely significant as for NCOs and ‘other ranks’ the decoration was second only to the award of a Victoria Cross. The climax of the visit however was yet to come as the band made their way up the narrow cobbled street which leads from the square to the huge Menin Gate memorial. Here they met with members of the Welsh Guards and Royal Regiment of Wales Associations whom the band had the privilege to lead the short distance to the Last Post ceremony. Local volunteer firemen have sounded Last Post at the Menin Gate every night since 1928 and Sunday 21st August 2016 marked the 30,409th time the ceremony had been observed. Norris Main read the exhortation before Drum Major Carlisle sounded Last Post and Reveille and Piper Warwick played the lament Flowers of the Forest. Katie Gordon placed a poppy wreath on the grave. Huge crowds filled the approaches to, and pavements of the Menin Gate as the band marched under the huge domed ceiling of the imposing monument which bears the names of 54,399 British Empire service men who were killed in the Ypres Salient and have no known grave. A short distance outside Arras, the group made their way to London Cemetery in Neuville -Vitasse where they found the grave of local man Company Sgt Maj Joe Cunningham, DCM who was killed on 12th Dec 1917 serving with the 27th (Tyneside Irish) Btn Northumberland Fusiliers aged 21. 40 41 Men of Mourne Men of Mourne Following Last Post, the band played a newly commissioned piece of music entitled ‘Men of Mourne’ especially written for the band by Captain Alex Knox, former Director of Music, Royal Irish Regiment. The band’s music filled the Menin Gate and when the piper joined the accordions halfway through the piece, audible gasps could be heard as the performance reached its climax. It was an emotionally charged few minutes and many in the band and audience shed a tear or two. A message from Captain Alex Knox At the conclusion of the ceremony, the band stepped off to the quick march ‘Galanthia’ and made their way back down Menin Street to the applause of the audience and the many café patrons who lined the route back to the hotel. When planning Men of Mourne, I wanted to represent the Granite Men with a strong melody but have a lilting style to capture the fishing tradition of the village. The Star of the County Down is one of my favourite folk tunes and I was keen to feature it in the composition. Played in 3/4 time, it seemed to fit perfectly into the second section of the piece where it clearly takes charge. After weeks of playing the music of ‘Men of Mourne’ on piano to my pupils and colleagues I was finally happy to put pen to paper. After a return to the Menin Gate for photographs and an unplanned second parade back to the hotel, the band was dismissed. Months of planning, research, rehearsals and fundraising had culminated in the most memorable experience of the band’s almost 60 year history. That evening after all the equipment and uniform had been carefully packed it was time for the band to let their hair down and soon an impromptu ceilidh session developed in the hotel bar with various band members displaying their talents in music and dancing! In the days immediately following the band performance, social media was inundated with pictures, reports and comments from many who had been in attendance at the ceremony. One attendee from England said he had attended over 40 Last Post ceremonies and that the band’s performance had been one of the most memorable he had ever witnessed. A video clip of ‘Men of Mourne’ on Facebook was viewed over 16,000 times in four days following the band’s return to Northern Ireland. 42 “It was a great honour to be asked to compose Men of Mourne for Brunswick Accordion Band. My best years in the army were served in Northern Ireland as Director of Music of the Royal Irish Regiment and I was at my happiest playing accordion with their folk group. The structure and balance of the piece was developed with Bandmaster Iain Carlisle before visiting the band to run through it in its early stages. I knew immediately on hearing the band play it that it was going to work very well and be a fitting tribute to the Men of Mourne. To hear this musical tribute played so poignantly at the Last Post ceremony at the Menin Gate was very humbling. I am very proud to be associated Brunswick Accordion Band you are a great example of everything positive which the banding tradition represents.” Yours Aye, Alex Knox Captain (Retired) From the Mountains of Mourne (To the plains of France) Published in the Fermanagh Times newspaper Oh Sally this Ulster’s a wonderful sight, With the men who are drilling by day and by night; They have come from the shipyard, the shop and the plough, And are marching in thousands to Kaiser Bill’s row. At least when I asked them that’s what they did tell, So I just took a hand at this drilling as well; Tis fine to be under good Wallace C.B., Where the Mountains of Mourne sweep down to the sea. I remember when writing you asked me to say What the fine Ulster lassies were doin’ today; They are knitting and working, and cheerin’ us on; And keepin’ back tears while their men folk are gone; They will only have sweethearts who fight for the flag, ‘White feathers’ for him who backward will lag. They honour the men under Wallace C.B., Where the Mountains of Mourne sweep down to the sea. You remember our Captain James Craig, of course? Well there he is now at the head of the Force; I’ve seen him in khaki, dressed up so fine And the men are saluting, along the whole line; But I’m thinking he’d rather be camping like me Where the Mountains of Mourne sweep down to the sea. Now when we’re done drilling and go to the fight, The German’s will find we can strike for the right; They will learn the truth of the Ulsterman’s bluff, And the Kaiser will yell out “Stop boys enough!” Then, please God, we will come back under Wallace C.B., Where the Mountains of Mourne Sweep down to the sea. (‘Wallace C.B.’ refers to Colonel RH Wallace of Myra Castle near Strangford - Solicitor, leading Orangeman, Boer War veteran and an important figure in the creation of the UVF in 1913. He penned the popular song ‘The South Down Militia’ The letters C.B. refer to his ‘Companion of the Bath’ honour which was awarded in 1902. Wallace was in charge of the training camp at Donard Lodge, Newcastle which helped prepare Ulster Volunteers for their role in the newly formed 36th Ulster Division) 44 45 Examples of war poetry found in local newspapers The Thin Gold Line Published in the Lisburn Standard The Dungiven Poet was a ‘pen name’ used by R. J. McClean - a gunner with the Royal Field Artillery in WWI.He wrote for the Coleraine Chronicle and Northern Constitution newspapers - often in Ulster-Scots. 46 47 Annalong Orange Hall War Memorial Kilhorne Parish Church War Memorial Annalong Presbyterian Church War Memorial 48 49 Thanks & acknowledgments Brunswick Accordion Band wish to thank the following organisations and individuals who have supported the band in the past year or who have directly contributed to this project • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 50 Alex Knox Annalong Presbyterian Church Blacksheep Display Arts Council of Northern Ireland Brunswick LOL 1702 Classic Coaches, Annalong Chris Cunningham Glen Rodgers, Ketchup Design Ltd Gordon Lucy Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland Heritage Lottery Fund Kilhorne Parish Church, Annalong The Last Post Association Mark Thompson Design Mourne Observer Newry, Mourne & Down District Council Nigel Henderson Public Record Office of Northern Ireland The Somme Association Ulster-Scots Agency Ulster-Scots Community Network
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