OBJECTIVES Chapter 13 “Solutions”
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Describe and interpret the interactive forces between solute and solvent ions and molecules. (LO 2.8)
Construct visual representations of solute and solvent particles in solution. (LO 2.8)
Apply energy principles to explain the factors that affect solubility of solutes.
Explain solubility data of ionic substances in water and justify with considerations of energy and
entropy. (LO 2.15)
Using chemical formulas, predict the solubility of compounds in water and other solvents. (LO 2.1)
Calculate molarity and construct visual models to demonstrate different molar concentrations. (LO 2.9)
Explain how the technique of chromatography uses intermolecular attractions to separate
mixtures. (LO 2.7)
Other ways of stating the objectives:
The solution process: solution, entropy, energetics of solution formation, spontaneous
(thermodynamically favored) processes, effect of intermolecular forces, solvation, hydration,
particle depictions, interactions of solute-solute, solvent-solvent and solute-solvent.
Saturated solutions and solubility: solubility, crystallization, saturated unsaturated, supersaturated.
Factors affecting solubility: miscible, immiscible, solute-solvent interactions, molecular structure,
energetics, like dissolves like, pressure effects on gas solubility, temperature effects.
Expressing solution concentration: molarity, particle views, calculations involving molarity
Be sure to emphasize the particle-level illustrations, graphs and data tables in the solutions chapter of
your text. The new AP Chemistry examination will ask students to demonstrate a deep conceptual
understanding of these selected chemistry topics by asking them to interpret charts and diagrams,
analyze data and visualize particle-level pictures of atoms and molecules.
LJC 2014 With thanks to Ed Waterman