Functions in the Sentence
„
More Functions
„
„
Su
Pred
Complement
„
„
„
Adverbials, Prepositional Verbs,
and Phrasal Verbs
„
„
DO
IO
SuPred
ObPred
Adverbial
2
Functions in the Sentence
„
„
„
„ Adverbials
Subject
Predicate
Complement
„
„
„
„
„
Outline of Chapter 5
„ Prepositional verbs
„ Phrasal verbs
Direct object
Indirect object
Subject predicate (or subject complement)
Object predicate (or object complement)
„ Prepositional phrasal verbs
„ Objects and adverbials
„ Eight verb types
Adverbial
3
4
Wimbledon Ladies’ Singles
„ 2004 Quarterfinal Draw
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
5
Serena Williams v.
Jennifer Capriati
Amélie
A
éli Mauresmo
M
v.
Paola Suarez
Lindsay Davenport v.
Karolina Sprem
Ai Sugiyama v.
Maria Sharapova
6
1
Wimbledon Ladies’ Singles
Wimbledon Ladies’ Singles
„ 2004 Quarterfinal Results
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Serena Williams
Jennifer Capriati
6
1
6
1
Amélie
A
éli Mauresmo
M
Paola Suarez
6
0
5
7
Lindsay Davenport
Karolina Sprem
6
2
6
2
Ai Sugiyama
Maria Sharapova
7
5
5
7
6
1
Serena
1
6
Amélie
Lindsay
Maria
7
8
Adverbials
Adverbials
„ VP Adverbials are sisters to V-bar.
„ VP Adverbials are sisters to V-bar.
„
Serena Williams beat Jennifer Capriati easily.
„
Serena Williams beat Jennifer Capriati easily.
„
Maria Sharapova beat Ai Sugiyama in a very
exciting three-set match.
„
Maria Sharapova beat Ai Sugiyama in a very
exciting three-set match.
„
Venus Williams spoke glowingly of her sister.
„
Venus Williams spoke glowingly of her sister.
9
10
Adverbials
Adverbials
„ VP Adverbials are not selected by the verb, and they
„ Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and
are movable.
„
„
„
„
„
„
clauses.
Serena Williams beat Jennifer Capriati easily.
Serena Williams easily beat Jennifer Capriati.
Maria Sharapova beat Ai Sugiyama in a very exciting
three-set match.
In a very exciting three-set match, Maria Sharapova
beat Ai Sugiyama.
Venus Williams spoke glowingly of her sister.
Venus Williams spoke of her sister glowingly.
11
„
Serena beat Jennifer easily.
„
Li d
Lindsay
D
Davenportt b
beatt K
Karolina
li S
Sprem iin th
the
quarterfinals.
„
Karolina left Wimbledon the next day.
„
After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria
will now play Lindsay.
12
2
Adverbials
Adverbials
„ Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and
„ Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and
clauses.
clauses.
„
Serena beat Jennifer easily.
„
Serena beat Jennifer easily.
„
Li d
Lindsay
D
Davenportt b
beatt K
Karolina
li S
Sprem iin th
the
quarterfinals.
„
Lindsay
Li
d
D
Davenportt b
beatt K
Karolina
li S
Sprem in
i th
the
quarterfinals.
„
Karolina left Wimbledon the next day.
„
Karolina left Wimbledon the next day.
„
After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria
will now play Lindsay.
„
After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria
will now play Lindsay.
13
14
Adverbials
Adverbials
„ Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and
„ Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and
clauses.
clauses.
„
Serena beat Jennifer easily.
„
Serena beat Jennifer easily.
„
Li d
Lindsay
D
Davenportt b
beatt K
Karolina
li S
Sprem iin th
the
quarterfinals.
„
Li d
Lindsay
D
Davenportt b
beatt K
Karolina
li S
Sprem iin th
the
quarterfinals.
„
Karolina left Wimbledon the next day.
„
Karolina left Wimbledon the next day.
„
After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria
will now play Lindsay.
„
After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria
will now play Lindsay.
15
Identify the Adverbial
16
Identify the Adverbial
„ Serena Williams bashes
„ Serena Williams bashes
out a forehand as she
demolishes Jennifer
Capriati.
out a forehand as she
demolishes Jennifer
Capriati.
17
18
3
Identify the Adverbial
Identify the Adverbial
„ Amélie Mauresmo
„ Amélie Mauresmo
stretches for a forehand
volley in her match
against Paola Suarez.
stretches for a forehand
volley in her match
against Paola Suarez.
19
20
Adverbials
Adverbials
„ Sentence adverbials are sisters to S-bar.
„ Sentence adverbials express the opinion and mood
of the speaker.
„
Unfortunately, Venus Williams was defeated by
Karolina Sprem in the second round.
„
Unfortunately, Venus Williams was defeated by
Karolina Sprem in the second round.
„
In a controversial match, the Chair Umpire made a
mistake which ended up with the score being called
wrongly in the tie-break of the second set. With the
score at 2-1 in the tie-break, the umpire incorrectly
awarded Sprem a point. Williams went on to move to
four set points at 6-3 but Sprem took the next five point
in a row to take the set and the match.
„
In a controversial match, the Chair Umpire made a
mistake which ended up with the score being called
wrongly in the tie-break of the second set. With the
score at 2-1 in the tie-break, the umpire incorrectly
awarded Sprem a point. Williams went on to move to
four set points at 6-3 but Sprem took the next five point
in a row to take the set and the match.
21
Adverbials
22
Sentence Adverbial
„ Sentence adverbials connect one sentence to
another.
„
Unfortunately, Venus Williams was defeated by
Karolina Sprem in the second round.
„
In a controversial match, the Chair Umpire made a
mistake which ended up with the score being called
wrongly in the tie-break of the second set. With the
score at 2-1 in the tie-break, the umpire incorrectly
awarded Sprem a point. Williams went on to move to
four set points at 6-3 but Sprem took the next five
points in a row to take the set and the match.
„ Frankly my
dear, I don’t
give damn.
23
24
4
VP-Adverbial or S-Adverbial?
1.
2.
3
3.
4.
5.
6.
VP-Adverbial or S-Adverbial?
Hopefully, Serena definitely will do better than what
I did two years ago.
She has been acting very funny ever since the
operation.
Not surprisingly
surprisingly, France is home to some of the
biggest makers of oak barrels.
We waited hopefully outside the locked door.
Oddly enough, the show wasn't funny enough.
Unemployment fell surprisingly last month.
1.
2.
3
3.
4.
5.
6.
[Hopefully], Serena [definitely] will do better [than
what I did two years ago].
She has been acting very funny [ever since the
operation].
[Not surprisingly]
surprisingly], France is home to some of the
biggest makers of oak barrels.
We waited [hopefully] [outside the locked door].
[Funnily enough], the show wasn't funny enough.
Unemployment fell [surprisingly] [last month].
25
Prepositional Verb
26
Prepositional Verbs
stretch for
abide by
3. refer to
4. glance at
5. lean against
6. add to
7. allow for
8. care for
9. insist on
10. yearn for
1.
2.
„ Amélie Mauresmo
stretches for a forehand
volley in her match
against Paola Suarez.
27
Prepositional Verbs Require a PP
28
Prepositional Verbs Can Be Passivized
The forehand …
The rules …
3. A dictionary …
4. The clock …
5. The table …
6. My troubles …
7. Injuries …
8. The sick …
9. Our rights …
10. The open air …
1.
1. Amélie stretches for a
2.
forehand.
VP
2. I abide by the rules.
3. I referred to a dictionary.
4. We glanced at the clock.
PP
V
5. He leaned against the table.
6. That adds to my troubles.
P
NP
for
a forehand
7. We must allow for injuries.
8. They care for the sick.
9. We insist on our rights.
stretches
10. She yearns for the open air.
29
30
5
Prepositional Verbs Can Be Passivized
Phrasal Verb
The forehand stroke was stretched for.
The rules were abided by.
3. A dictionary was referred to.
4. The clock was glanced at.
5. The table was leaned against.
6. My troubles were added to.
7. Injuries were allowed for.
8. The sick were cared for.
9. Our rights were insisted on.
10. The open air was yearned for.
1.
2.
„ Serena Williams bashes
out a forehand as she
demolishes Jennifer
Capriati.
31
32
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal Verbs are Verb + Particle
bash out
call up
3. bring up
4. cover up
5. take away
6. turn in
7. put down
8. take off
9. hand in
10. put on
1.
1.
2.
33
Phrasal Verbs Allow Object
Movement
She bashes out a forehand
I called up the mayor.
He brought up a good
point.
4.
They covered up the
scandal.
5
5.
They took away my
privileges.
6.
She turned in her
assignment.
7.
The army put down the
revolt.
8.
Take off your shoes.
9.
Hand over the champagne.
10. Put on a CD.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
She bashes it out.
I called him up.
He brought one up.
4.
They covered it up.
5
5.
They took them away
away.
6.
She turned it in.
7.
The army put it down.
Serena bashes out a
forehand.
2.
I called up the mayor.
3.
He brought up a good
VP
point.
4.
Theyy covered up
p the
V
scandal.
5.
They took away my
privileges.
D
6.
She turned in her
assignment.
7.
The army put down the
bashes out
a
revolt.
8.
Take off your shoes.
9.
Hand over the champagne.
10. Put on a CD.
NP
N
forehand
34
Three Tests for Prepositional or
Phrasal Verbs
1. Pausing
2 Coordination
2.
3. Movement
8. Take them off.
9. Hand it over.
10. Put one on.
35
36
6
Three Tests for Prepositional or
Phrasal Verbs
Three Tests for Prepositional or
Phrasal Verbs
„ Test #1
„ A pause can occur between a phrasal verb
and its direct object,
but a pause cannot occur between the verb
and the particle
particle.
„
„
„
„ I called up ––– the mayor.
„ * I called ––– up the mayor.
„
Test #2
„
I glanced at the clock and my friend.
*They covered up the scandal and the hole in the
carpet.
„
So, call up is a phrasal verb.
NP objects of prepositional verbs can be coordinated,
but a particle of a phrasal verb cannot be coordinated
with an NP.
„
So glance at is a prepositional verb.
But cover up is a phrasal verb.
37
Three Tests for Prepositional or
Phrasal Verbs
„
„
Prepositional Phrasal Verb
Test #3
„
„
38
The NP object of a prepositional verb can be moved,
but the particle and the NP cannot be moved.
„ Get up, stand up,
stand up for your
right!
Against the table he leaned
leaned.
*In her assignment she turned.
„
„
So lean against is a prepositional verb.
But turn in is a phrasal verb.
„ Bob Marley
39
40
Prepositional Phrasal Verbs
Eight Verb Types
„ Draw trees for the VPs in …
1.
Intransitive verbs
2.
Monotransitive verbs
3.
Ditransitive verbs
4.
Copula verbs
5. Complex transitive
verbs.
„
„
„
„
„
I won’t put up with that nonsense.
I must catch up
p on my
y homework.
Stand up for your rights!
He faced up to his difficulties.
My mom’s checking up on me.
6. Prepositional verbs
7. Phrasal verbs
8. Prepositional phrasal
verbs
41
Monotransitive and ditransitive verbs are both
transitive.
42
7
Eight Verb Types: Number One
Eight Verb Types: Number Two
„ 1.
„ 2.
Monotransitive
Verbs
Intransitive Verbs
„ Example verbs:
„ swim, arrive
„ Example verbs:
„ see,, eat,, read
„ What is the VP
„ What is the VP
Complement?
Complement?
„ Write an example
„ Write an example
sentence and draw a
tree.
sentence and draw a
tree.
43
44
Eight Verb Types: Number Three
Eight Verb Types: Number Four
„ 3.
„ 4.
Ditransitive Verbs
Copula Verbs
„ Example verbs:
„ give, tell
„ Example verbs:
„ be, become, smell
„ What is the VP
„ What is the VP
Complement?
Complement?
„ Write an example
„ Write an example
sentence and draw a
tree.
sentence and draw a
tree.
45
46
Eight Verb Types: Number Five
Eight Verb Types: Number Six
„ 5.
„ 6.
Complex Transitive
Prepositional Verbs
„ Example verbs:
„ consider, know
„ Example verbs:
„ refer to, look at
„ What is the VP
„ What is the VP
Complement?
Complement?
„ Write an example
„ Write an example
sentence.
sentence and draw a
tree.
47
48
8
Eight Verb Types: Number Seven
Eight Verb Types: Number Eight
„ 7.
„ 8.
Prepositional
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal Verbs
„ Example verbs:
„ switch on, give in
„ Example verbs:
„ p
put up
p with
„ What is the VP
„ What is the VP
Complement?
Complement?
„ Write an example
„ Write an example
sentence and draw a
tree.
sentence and draw a
tree.
49
Eight Verb Types
1.
Intransitive verbs
Classify the verbs …
5. Complex transitive
1.
verbs.
2.
50
2.
Monotransitive verbs
3.
6. Prepositional verbs
3.
4.
4.
Ditransitive verbs
7. Phrasal verbs
5.
8. Prepositional phrasal
6.
Copula verbs
verbs
7.
8.
Monotransitive and ditransitive verbs are both
transitive.
51
I don’t get on with my roommate.
I passed out at Ian’s Pizza.
My friend is one of the few people who understands
my love for The Simple Life.
Sh arrived
She
i d ffashionably
hi
bl llate.
t
The Chem 104 TA ALWAYS send us insanely long
emails about the upcoming lab.
They didn’t elect him president.
Those guys whistled at me yesterday.
What’s eating Gilbert Grape?
52
9