Name
t
SECTION
Date
3-1
Class
REVIEW AND REINFORCE
Organizing the Elements
. Understanding
Main Ideas
The diagramat the right is a squarefrom theperiodic
table.Label thefour facts shown about eachelement.
Answer thefollowing on a separatesheet of paper.
l.
~~
Silver
107.868
2.
3.
4.
5. What does each of the facts shown above tell you about the element?
6. In what order did Mendeleevarrange the elements in the periodic table?
7. What do elements in the same column in the periodic table have in common?
8. What happens to the number of valence electrons as you move from left to
right in the periodic table?
9. What can you predict about an element from its position in the periodic
table?
. Building Vocabulary
t
From the list below,choosethe term that best completeseachsentence.
atomic mass unit (amu)
electron
family
group
neutron
nucleus
period
periodic table
proton
valence electron
10. A(n)
is involved in the transfer or sharing of electrons.
11. A(n)
is a positively charged particle in the nucleus.
12. An element's
u
c
~
I
cb
(J
'E
Q)
It
@
is its row in the periodic table.
13. The central core of an atom is called the
14. A(n)
carries a negative electrical charge, and is located
outside an atom's central core.
15. Mendeleev was the first to arrange elements according to their properties in
a(n)
16. Elements in a(n)
table have similar characteristics.
17. A(n)
18. Scientists use the
t
of the periodic
is a particle in the nucleus that has no charge.
to measure the mass of the particles
within the atom.
Chemical Building Blocks
..
or
TeachingResources.K. 71
~
I
Date
Name
SECTION
Class
3-1
ENRICH
t
Properties of a "Missing" Element
To some scientists of the early 1870s, Dmitri Mendeleev's periodic table of the
elements was not very good. They criticized the table because it had gaps in it.
Mendeleev, however, believed the gaps would someday be filled by elements that
had not yet been discovered. In 1871, he predicted some of the properties of a
yet-to-be-discovered element. He called it "ekasilicon." The "missing" element was
not discovered until 1886.
lmagine you are a chemist living in 1880. Study the section of the periodic table
shown below as well as the accompanying table of properties. (Scientists in 1880
hadn't learned what atomic numbers are.)
~.
Si
Atomic mass
28
Ga
70
"Ekasilicon"
As
75
?
Sn
119
4
SomeProperties
ofSelectedElements
Element
Color
AtomicMass
Bonding
Power
Silicon
steel gray
28
4
Gallium"
gray-black
70
3
@
"Ekasilicon"
"'U
CD
Arsenic
silver to gray-black
75
3
3c)"
(I)
Tin
" One
gray-white
119
:I:
~
4
of Mendeleev's original "missing elements:' which was discovered in 1875.
:;:)
r>
Answer the fol101vingquestions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. '''''hich elements would you use to predict the properties of "ekasilicon"?Why?
2. What color would you expect "ekasilicon"to be?
3. 'Whatbonding power would you expect "ekasilicon"to have?
4. What atomic mass would you expect "ekasilicon"to have?\t\Thy?
f'
72
.K
Teaching Resources
Chemical Building Blocks
Name
t
SECTION
Date
3-2
Class
REVIEW AND REINFORCE
Metals
.
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer thefollowing on a separatesheet ofpaper. Usethe periodictablein
Appendix D.
1. Sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) are in differentfamiliesof metals.Name
the families of metals in which they belong, and describe each family's
characteristics.
2. Would a metal in Group 13be more or less reactive than a metal in Group I?
Explain.
3. In what periods are the lanthanides and actinides?Where are they placed in
the periodic table?Why?
4. What category of element is the most common in the periodic table?Where is
that category found in the periodic table?
t
.
Building Vocabulary
Write the correct term on each line to complete the sentence.
conductor
ductile
magnetic
alloy
corrosion
reactivity
malleable
5. The wearing awayof metal oxide flakesis an example of
6. A material that is
t.i
.E
7. A(n)
.
can be pounded into shapes.
material is attracted to magnets and can be made
into a magnet.
"ffi
J:
ch
.S2
E
OJ
a:
@
8. A(n)
9. A material that is
10.
transmits heat and electricity easily.
can be drawn into a wire.
is the ease and speed with which an element combines
with other elements and compounds.
ll. A(n)
is a mixture of metals.
t
Chemical Building Blocks
...
TeachingResources.K. 75
m
Name
Date
SECTION 3-2
More Properties
I
Class
ENRICH
t
of Metals
Youhave learned that each group of the periodic table has similar properties. For
example, the metals of Group I are so reactive they don't exist uncombined in
nature. The Group 2 metals are also quite reactive.
The table below shows atomic radius and reactivity of most of the metals in
Groups I and 2 of the periodic table. The more reactive a metal is, the more stars
appear in the reactivity column. The table also givesthe atomic radius of these
elements. Atomic radius might be new to you. Youmight expect atomic radius to
be half the diameter of an atom. However,atoms don't have a definite surface,as
a ball does. An atom's electrons form a constantly moving cloud around the
m
nucleus. So, atomic radius is one half the distance between the nuclei of two
identical atoms. The unit of measurement is the nanometer, which is one
. billionth of a meter.
Group 2
Group1
Period
Element Atomic
Radius(nm)
2
Li
0.123
3
4
5
6
Na
K
Rb
Cs
0.157
0.203
0.216
0.235
Reactivity
Rating
****
****
*****
*****
*****
Period Element Atomic
Radius(nm)
Reactivity
Rating
2
Be
0.089
***
3
Mg
4
5
6
Ca
Sr
Ba
0.136
0.174
0.191
0.198
***
****
****
****
f
Examine the information above, then answer the following questions on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. How
@
"'U
.....
CD
a
o'
CD
does the atomic radius change as you go down Group 1 and Group 2?
2. How does the atomic radius change as you go across each period, from Group
1 to Group 2?
:I:
~
::J
P
3. How does reactivity change as you go down Group I? Does the same pattern
hold for Group 2?
4. How does reactivity change as you go across each period, from Group 1 to
Group 2?
5. \,\Thatseems to be the relationship between atomic radius and the reactivity of
the elements in Group 1 and Group 2?
6. Francium is the Group 1 element of Period 7 below cesium in the periodic
table. Infer how francium's atomic radius compares to cesium's. Is francium
more or less reactive than cesium? Explain.
76 . K TeachingResources
Chemical Building Blocks
f
Name
,
Date
SECTION
3-3
Class
REVIEW AND REINFORCE
Nonmetals and Metalloids
. Understanding
Main Ideas
Complete the following table. Use the periodic table in Appendix D.
Element
Metal,Metalloid,
or Nonmetal
Arsenic
Sulfur
Tin
Neon
Chlorine
Silicon
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Family
Name
BJ
Answer thefollowing questionson a separatesheet of paper.
t
7. Where in the periodic table are the nonmetals located?Where are the
metalloids?
8. What element is not grouped with others in a family?What is its usual atomic
structure?
. Building Vocabulary
Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in
the right column on the line beside the term in the left column.
c..i
c:
(ij
I
ci>
.5:)
C
~
9. diatomic molecule
10.
halogen family
11. metalloid
a..
@
12. noble gas
13. nonmetals
14. semiconductor
a. a type of element that has some of the characteristics
of metals and some of nonmetals
b. a family of unreactive elements whose atoms do not
gain, lose, or share valence electrons
c. formed of two identical atoms
d. a substance that carries electricity under certain
circumstances, but not under other circumstances
e. elements whose physical properties are generally
opposite to those of metals
f. a family of very reactive elements whose atoms have
7 valence electrons
t
Chemical Building Blocks
...
TeachingResources K. 79
Date
Name
,
Class
,
~
f
SECTION
3-3
ENRICH
f
f
Nonmetals in the Atmosphere
Op Earth, most nonmetals are found in their uncombined state in the atmosphere. In addition, some nonmetals combine with other nonmetals to form
important compounds in the atmosphere. Some of the gases in the atmosphere
support life on the planet in one way or another. Others, in great enough concentration, can be dangerous to living things.
Compositionof Earth's Atmosphere
IJ
Component
Percent in Dry
Air at Sea Level
Relationship to Living Things
Nitrogen (N2)
76.08
Oxygen (°2)
20.95
Bacteria use it to produce substances plants
can absorb as nutrients; part of all proteins.
Required for respiration, which is used by
living things to produce energy.
None known
Argon (Ar)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
0.93
0.032
Neon (Ne)
Helium (He)
0.001
0.0005
0.00015
Methane (CH4)
Hydrogen (H2)
0.00011
0.00005
Nitrous oxide (N20)
0.00003
Carbon monoxide (CO)
0.00001
Ozone (°3)
0.00004 (avg.)
Xenon (Xe)
0.000009
Water (H2O)
1.0 (avg.)
Krypton (Kr)
Needed by plants to produce their own
food through photosynthesis.
None known
None known
A decay product of living things; a deadly gas
if present in high enough concentrations.
None known
.
Important element in all living things, but
not usable by them in its pure form.
Commonly used as a dental anesthetic but
has no affect in concentrations found in air.
Poisonous gas produced in part by the
burning of fossil fuels.
At high altitude, screens out deadly
ultraviolet radiation from the sun; at low
altitude is an irritating pollutant.
None known
Essential to life as we know it.
@
"1)
m
;?
o.
<D
:1:
~
:;p
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. (You may wish to refer
to the periodic table.)
1. Based on this table, what do the Group 18 elements have in common?
2. \t\Thichsubstances are combinations of nonmetals?
3. \Vhich nonmetals in the atmosphere and their combinations are essential for
life on Earth?
4. \Vhich
nonmetal in the atmosphere is both helpful and harmful to living
things?
5. Which are the four most abundant components of the atmosphere? Taken
together, about what percent of the atmosphere do those four components
make up?
80. K
Teaching Resources
Chemical Building Blocks
.