【研究資料】 Hamletについて(その1) On Hamlet(1) 田 中 章 Akira TANAKA はじめに 本稿は、各種の注釈書を参考にして、この劇の鑑賞のためのメモを作成し、同時にシェイクスピ アの生きていたエリザベス朝時代の英語を通して、エリザベス朝時代の英国人ひいては広く英国人 のものの見方、英国文化などを研究するものである。参考にする注釈書、辞書等は、The Signet Classic (s)Shakespeare[SC]、The Macmillan Shakespeare[M]、The New Variorum Edition [NV]、The New Cambridge Shakespeare[NCS]、The Pelican Shakespeare[Pelican S]、The Penguin Shakespeare[PS]、Folger Shakespeare Library[FSL]、The Oxford Shakespeare[OS]、 New Clarendon Shakespeare [NClaS]、The New Shakespeare [NS]、The Arden Shakespeare [A]、 The Norton Facsimile の The First Folio of Shakespeare[F1]、Shakespeare Plays in Quarto [Q1, Q2]、Onionsと Eaglesonの A Shakespeare Glossary(O)、David Crystalと Ben Crystalの Shakespare's Words(Cs)、SchmidtのShakespeare Lexicon(S)、OEDなどである。 I. i. 2 unfold(the prevailing meanings are 'display, disclose, reveal, bring a thing to light') (O) unfold vb. 1 Disclose or reveal by statement, explain, make clear ... HAM 1.1.2(or sense 2) 2 Disclose or lay open to the view, display (E) unfold yourself reveal who you are. [NCS] Stand ... unfold Halt and identify yourself, reveal who you are [M] unfold identify(by giving the password) (O) unfold yourself: disclose your identity [FSL] - 109 - unfold yourself 'tell me who you are' ; the first of the play's metaphors from clothing. [A] unfold: Identify.[PS] unfold disclose[SC] Stand ... unfold Halt and identify yourself, reveal who you are [M] 3 Long Live the King! Dramatic irony. [NClaS] Long ... King (this statement(ironical in the context)is used as a kind of password. [A] Long Live the King (perhaps a password, perhaps a greeting) [SC] Long Live the King: the watchword for the night. [PS] Long live the king! The watcword is dramatically ironical in view of all that follows. [NS] 4 'You are very punctual.' This is sometimes spoken rerovingly, as if Barnado is only just on time. [A] [reprovinglyしかるように、小言がましく、非難するように] 4 carefully upon your hour punctually at your appointed time [OS] carefully upon your hour: Considerately on time. [PS] [considerate思いやりのある、察しのよ い] carefully ... hour you have taken care to arrive at the exact moment you are due to relieve me[M] [be due to do ~することになっている、relieve自ら交替して(または交替者を出して) 休ませる] upon your hour right on time [Pelican S] 5 twelve: When ghosts begin to walk; this prepares for I.4.3-6: cf. III. 2.395-7.[PS][It then draws near the season/Wherin the spirit held his wont to walk. I. 4. 5-6 - 110 - Hamletについて(その1) 'Tis now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn, and hell itself breathes out Contagion to this world. III. 2. 395-7 ] 'Tis ... twelve i.e. twelve has already struck. The fact that both here and in 1.4(and indeed in a similar context in MW 5.1)the characters claim that the hour has already struck may indicate that these scenes began with a sound effect imitating a bell-tower clock. [A] 6 'Tis bitter cold attempts to pin down the time of year when the play begins have proved inconclusive. Guilfoyle, however, draws an analogy between this opening scene and the typical 'Shepherds' Play' in the medieval cycle plays where the shepherds, like Hamlet's sentries, wait on a cold night for a supernatural event (see 157 and n. and p. 71) [A] [inconclusive決定的でない、結論に達しない、確定しない。draw引き出す、 cycle play 奇跡劇] 'Tis bitter cold: Shakespeare carefully establishes the winter night, of which we are reminded at I.4.1-2. [PS] Sh. biulds up the atmosphere of the frosty, star-lit, northern night as he proceeds; cf. I. i. 36-8 'yon same star ... burns.' [NCS] 8 much many. Much was 'used(where many would now be substituted)with a plural substantive taken colectively' (OED, A2d, citing this passage) [OS] . [OED A2dは次の通り。 d.Used(where many would now be substituted)with a plural n. taken collectively. Now chiefly U. S. dial. and in echoes of quot. 1602. 1565 ... 1602 SHAKES. Ham. I. i. 8 For this releefe much thankes. ... 1952 ] 9 sick at heart thoroughly wretched. Macbeth's 'I am sick at heart, │ When I behold ---' (5.3.19-20)suggests that the phrase could mean 'filled with forebodings'. It is, in any case, the first of the play's many references to sickness.[OS] [wretched実に不快な、 全くいやな (very unpleasant)、forebóding虫の知らせ、 予知、予感; (凶事などの)前兆] - 111 - sick at heart extremely upset, mentally and physically. Another indication that theirduty is somehow dangerous and sinister. [M] [upset加減を悪くした] I am sick at heart: This, from an unimportant soldier, contributes to the emotional atmosphere and prepares for the Prince's heart-sickness at I. 2. 129-59. It oddly contrasts with the disciplined military scene. [PS] [disciplined訓練された;規律正しい;統制のとれた] I ... heart Francisco's 'sickness' is not explained, unless by the subsequent discussion of the Ghost. [A] sick at heart The solitary figure of Fran.with his heart-sickness foreshadows Ham.[NS] [fòreshádow あらかじめ示す] 8 Not ... srirring Proverbial(Dent, M1236.1) [A] [Dent R. W. Dent, Shakespeare'sProverbial Language(Berkeley, Calif., 1981)] Not a mouse srirring: The ordinary image gives a sense of reality to the soldiers' language, preparing us to accept the supernatural happenings. It also implies the silence and acuteness of perception which anticipate the coming awareness of the Ghost. [PS] 10 Have you had quiet guard: Francisco's I am sick at heart prompts Barnado to think of the apparition and so to ask his vague question. [PS] 13 rivals partners. [NCS, SC , PS] rivals those who have an equal share in this period of guard duty [M] rivals partners (the reading of Q1), sharers [OS] The rivals of my watch: my fellow sentries [FSL] rivals sharers [Pelican S] bid ... haste The sense of tension and anxiety increases. [A] bid them make haste: Barnado does not want to be left alone now that it is time for the - 112 - Hamletについて(その1) feared appearance of the Ghost. [PS] bid them make haste Bar. is anxious not to be left alone. [NCS] 15 ground territory, country [NCS] this ground: The land of Denmark. [PS] liegemen: The soldiers in this scene seem to be nationals, not like the Switzers(IV. 5. 99) ,who are the King's personal bodyguard and imply a tyrant's reliance on foreign mercenaries.[PS] [national国民、mércenàry傭兵] Dane King of Denmark [OS] liegemen to the Dane loyal subjects to the King of Denmark [SC] liegemen ... Dane soldiers or subjects who have sworn an oath of allegiance or loyalty to the King of Denmark [M] liegemen ... Dane men who have sworn allegiance to the King of Denmark(in contrast to the Switzers at 4.5.97?) [A] [allegiance忠誠] the Dane: the Danish King [FSL] liegemen sworn followers; Dane King of Denmark [PS] liegermen sworn followers. [NCS] 16, 18 Give you good night: May God give you good night. The repetition suggests Francisco's effort to get away as soon as he can. [PS] Give you good night 'May God give you (i.e. I wish you)a good(quiet)night.'[A] Give you God give you(i.e. I wish you)---a stock pfrase(Dent G185.I) [OS] [stock(主に軽 蔑)ありふれた、陳腐な、古くさい:a ~ phrase決まり文句、Dent = R.W. Dent, Shakespeare's Proverbial Language: An Index (1981)] - 113 - Give i.e. God give. [NCS] Give you God give you [SC] 15 soldiers The plural in Q2 perhaps indicates that someone(Marcellus, Shakespeare, the scribe or compositor)expected the two new arrivals to replace Barnado and Francisco, rather than that one watchman, Francisco, should be repalced by the other three. [A] 注 * [email protected], room No. 310 参考文献 Alexander, N., The Macmillan Shakespeare(Hamlet) (1979) , Macmillan, London.[M] Barnet, S. The Signet Classic Shakespeare(Hamlet) (1998) , New American Library, Inc. New York.[SC] Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine, The New Folger Library Shakespeare(Hamlet) (1992, 2012) , Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, New York.[NFLS] Braunmuller, A. R., The Pelican Shakespreare(Hamlet) (2001) , Penguin, England.[Pelican S] Edwards, P. , The New Cambrige Shakespreare(Hamlet) (1985, 2009) , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.[NCS] Furness, H. H., The New Variorum Edition(Hamlet) (2000) , Dover, New York.[NVE] Harrison, G. B., The Penguin Shakespeare(Hamlet) (1976) , Penguin, England.[PS] Hibbard, G. B., The Oxford Shakespreare(Hamlet) (1987, 2008) , Oxford University Press, Oxford.[OS] Hubler, E. The Signet Classic Shakespeare(Hamlet) (1963) . New American Library, Inc. New York.[SC] Rylands, G., New Clarendon Shakespeare(Hamlet ) (1974) , Clarendon, Oxford.[NClaS] Spencer, T. J. B., The Penguin Shakespeare(Hamlet) (2005) , Penguin, England.[PS] Thompson, A. and Neil Taylor, The Arden Shakespeare(Hamlet) (2006) , Methuen, London.[A] Wilson, J. D., The New Shakespeare(Hamlet) (1971) , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.[NCS] Abbott, E. A., A Shakespearean Grammar(1966) . Dover, New York. Allen, M. J. B., and K. Muir, Shakespeare's Plays in Quarto(1981) , University of California Press, Berkeley. Crystal, D. and Ben Crystal, Shakespeare's Words: A Glossary and Language Companion(2002) , Penguin, England. Eagleson, R. D., A Shakespeare Glossary(1986) (Enlarged and revised) , Clarendon, Oxford. Hinman, C., The Norton Facsimile, The First Folio of Shakespeare(1968) , Paul Hamlyn, New York. Mahood, M. M., Shakespeare's Wordplay(1979) , Methuen, London and New York. Onions, C. T., A Shakespeare Glossary(1953) (second edition, revised with enlarged addenda)Oxford University Press, Kinokuniya. - 114 - Hamletについて(その1) Oxford English Dictionary(1884-1928) ; Supplements(1933; 1972-82) . Oxford English Dictionary on CD-ROM(Version 3.1.) Schmidt, A., Shakespeare Lexicon and Qtotation Dictionary(1971) , Dover, New York. Schmidt, A., Shakespeare Lexicon and Qtotation Dictionary(2007) , Cosimo, New York. The Holy Bible(Authorized King James Version) (1611) , Oxford University Press. Zachrisson, R. E. The English Pronunciation at Shakespeare's Time(1970) , AMS, New York. 市河三喜(編) 「研究社英語學辭典」 (1954)研究社 大塚高信(著) 「シェイクスピア手帖」 (1968)研究社 大塚高信(著) 「シェイクスピアの文法」 (1976)研究社 大塚高信(著) 「書誌学の道―シェイクスピアを中心に―」 (1977)研究社 大塚高信(編) 「新英文法辞典(改訂増補版) 」 (1970)三省堂 齋藤静・山口秀夫・太田朗(共訳) 「フランツ著 シェークスピアの英語―詩と散文―」篠崎書林 齋藤勇(著) 「シェイクスピア研究」 (1968)研究社 高橋康也・大場建治・喜志哲雄・村上淑朗(編) 「研究社シェイクスピア辞典」 (2000)研究社 A. D. カズンヅ「監修]荒木正純・田口孝夫[監訳] 「シェイクスピア百科図鑑:生涯と作品」 (2009)悠書館 - 115 -
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