Measurement Class Notes
name: _____________________________
Welcome to class. My name is Charlie Arbuiso and I will be your chemistry teacher.
1. Print the Objective: _________________________________________________________
2. dihydrogen monoxide = ___________________________
3. Its formula is written as ____________________
4. ____ is the symbol for _____________________ 5. ____ is the symbol for _______________________
6. The Word equation for this reaction is:
______________ and ________________ yields _________________________
7. The Skeleton equation (proper chemistry symbols, but not balanced yet):
_______ + _______
__________________
Something that you didn’t know, and couldn’t know is that both hydrogen and oxygen are atoms that are not happy being
single. They exist in nature in the pure form only as paired partners, like H2 and O2. Seven atoms are like this. You’ll
learn them. So let’s fix this symbol equation to a skeleton equation:
8.
___________________________________________________
Math counts. Keeping track of atoms counts. This equation is not “balanced”. Not balanced means BAD. We need to
fix that. (you should not be able to do this yet, so don’t sweat, just copy for now)
9.
______________________________________________________
This is called a balanced chemical equation, the same amount of atoms on the start side of the reaction, and at the end.
10. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. What are phase symbols? _______________________________________________________________
12. Rewrite this balanced equation with phase symbols now.
___________________________________________________________________________________
13. !
14. This reaction is called: ___________________________________________________________________
15. What do we call a chemical reaction that gives off energy? It’s ________________________________
16. Write out the balanced THERMOCHEMICAL equation now:
____________________________________________________________________________________
17. Copy this: __________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
17B. Describe the chemical reaction in 5 words or less: ___________________________________________
Measurement Class 1 Objective: To learn to distinguish between qualitative and quantitative measures,
and between error and percent error; finally, to calculate percent error.
Let’s have some fun, guess my weight. Measure my mass, using your eyes and mind as your tools. In science we
measure (and estimate) all the time.
18. Write your answer down. _____________
19. On the bathroom scale, what is the ACTUAL mass of your teacher in pounds? __________
20. Measurements that are close to the correct weight are called ______________
21. Measurements that are close together (close to correct or not) are called: ____________
22. In our class we will measure our best to be _______________________
Accurate measurements are close to the actual or correct measure.
Precise measurements are close together.
23. If your measures are precise, your tool is ______________
Precise and accurate together is great. Precise alone means that your tool is good.
24. Measurements that are not precise means that your ______________________________ working well.
25. Qualitative measures _________________________________________________
26. Quantitative measures use ___________________________________________________
In chem we will sometimes use qualitative measures, but sometimes quantitative ones. Examples:
27. A quantitative measure: Mr. Arbuiso is ___________________
28. A qualitative measure: Mr. Arbuiso is ____________________
29. ERROR: ____________________________________________________
30. Error is _____________________________________________________________________
and the formula that shows this is:
Error =
31. Percent error is _________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
32. The formula for Percent Error is on the back of the reference tables, it is:
32. (still) Calculate your percent error in measuring my mass earlier today with the actual value provided
by the scale. Write the formula (short style) again.
33. Measure with your eyes, how many inches it is to the top of the door. Write your measurement down.
Your measurement: _________________________ The actual height is _________”.
Do your Error and %E NOW. Write the formulas for both, SHOW MATH.
34. Standard Units in our class are located on _________________________. (don’t forget!)
35. Objective: ____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
36. MASS is ____________________________________________________________________
37. VOLUME is _______________________________________________________________________
38. WEIGHT is ___________________________________________________________________________
39. Mass is a ______________________________
40. Weight ________________ depending upon ___________________________
41. Density is the mathematical relationship between __________ + ____________
42. The formula you to learn is:
Units for density are most often:
43. __________________________
44. __________________________
_________ or
_________
45. ____________= _____________
46. There is NO SUCH THING as an ______ If you don’t GET That, RAISE YOUR HAND AND ASK!
47. A cube or metal has mass of 4506 grams + it is 10.0 cm per side. Calculate its density with a formula.
48. What metal is the metal in question 30 and how do you KNOW? __________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
49. FIVE pennies together have a mass of 14.5 grams. Their total volume is 1.75 cm3.
Calculate the density of the pennies, use a formula
50. Assuming the pennies are made up of pure copper, what is your % Error? Write the FORMULA!!!
51. Is your measured value for density UNDER or OVER the actual measurement for the density of copper?
How would you KNOW?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
52. A bar of metal is 27.73 g and has volume of 4.70 cm3. Is it gold? (what formula do you need?)
Temperature - We will not use Fahrenheit (normal for you) temperature in chemistry class.
53. We will use _______________ AKA _____________________
54. As well as ________________________
55. Fill in the chart carefully.
56. Converting Kelvin to Centigrade Formula:
_____________________
57. Calculate room temperature in Kelvin. It’s 26.0°C today. (write the formula AGAIN to calculate this)
58. OB: ________________________________________________________________________________
Handout: The Significance of Significant Figures
59. Significant Figures are: _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
60. What temperature does the thermometer say? _________________________
61. The thermometer measures in WHOLE DEGREES, but we use our eyes to measure out ________ place.
62. How many SF in these temperatures?
23°C has_______SF
23.1°C has_______SF
23.39°C has_______SF
63. How many SF in these measures?
101 grams ________
4509 joules ________
20,445,567 kilocalories ________
110 grams ________
4590 joules ________
21,445, 567 kilocalories ________
20,456,056 seconds ________
64. How many SF in these measures?
0.0054 kilograms
_________
0.000000000000001 kPa ________
0.565 grams _________
65. What about these measures, how many sig figs?
250 atm _____
340. grams ______
55,678,900 seconds ________
14,050. cm _______
66. How many SF in these 4 measures?
1.50 grams _______
2.0 seconds _______
98,754,123.00 g _______
67. 1.5 pounds of butter = ___________ grams of butter (1 pound = 454 g)
0.0040 days _______
68. 1 pound = 454 g really means:
69. In math, _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
70. Round the answer of 7.7 m x 5.4 m = ____________ to the proper number of SF.
71. When using scientific notation, only the “front” part of the measure is used for SF.
How many SF in 6.02 x 1023 atoms ______________ (that’s a huge number)
72. How many SF in these nine measurements?
123 m _____
40.506 cm _____
0.345 g _____
30.0 seconds _____
22 Liters _____
22.4 liters _____
0.07080 kg ______
9.7 x 107 years ______
9.70 x 107 years _____
73. If your unknown metal has mass of 11.46 grams and volume of 1.15 cm3, what is the density?
74. If your unknown metal has mass of 35.46 g + volume of 7.75 cm3, what is the density?
75. Objective: ____________________________________________________________________________
76. Two sneakers = ______________________
77. A deck of cards = _______________________
78. Convert three pair of sneakers into sneakers using dimensional analysis (unit conversion math).
79. All conversion factors… _______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
80. Put an equality in the first box, then both conversion factors it makes in the next boxes.
=
81. Let’s convert your teacher’s mass (assume now 220 pounds) into ounces.
1 pound = 16 ounces.
82. Convert 1.2 kilograms into grams (1 kg = 1000 g). (watch SF)
83. Convert 56,750 mL into liters (l L = 1000 mL). (watch SF)
84. ASSUME that you are exactly 15.4 years old right now, how old are you in minutes? Use dimensional
analysis to calculate this (watch SF).
85. Convert the 400. meter race into yards so the football players can easily compare that length to
their field.
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
86. I live in a make believe world (sometimes) and in my world there are special magical ways that will allow me to
convert from unusual units to even more unusual units. Sometimes I bring silly problems back to Earth, just to help my
students think abstractly. As long as you have equalities, you can make conversion factors. Ergo, you can convert units
easily.
A YOWZA is what a student yells when she earns an all correct on her quiz.
1 Yowza feels the same as 3.4 hoo-hoo’s
1 hoo-hoo is the same as hollaring 8.2 ka-ching’s
1 ka-ching is equal to 2.3 hmmmm’s
It takes 5.9 hmmmm’s to match up with 1.6 unh’s.
So, tell me quick! How many unh’s are the same as 7.00 Yowza’s?
87. Objective: ___________________________________________________________________________
Express the following as Scientific Notation:
88. 17,000,000,000 ants ___________________________ 89. 6,374,000 meters ___________________
90. 0.034 gram ___________________________
91. 0.000 000 000 154 meters ___________________
92. 0.000 008 meters ______________________________
93. Scientific Notation Rule: _________________________________________________________________
94. Convert 36.8 kilograms into ounces, your answer to be given in scientific notation.
(hints: 454 g = 1 pound = 16 ounces) (1kg = 1000 grams)
Round to correct SF
95. Convert 300. seconds into years, answer as scientific notation
(hint: your answer will be a small fraction of years, your exponent must be negative)
96. Multiplication Rule for Scientific Notation: ___________________________________________________
97. (3 x 105)(2 x 102) = __________________________________
98.
5.0 x 104
X 3.0 x 102
99. Division Rule for Scientific Notation: _______________________________________________________
100.
3.0 x 104
2.0 x 102
101.
9.0 x 105
3.0 x 103
102. Addition Rules for scientific notation: _____________________________________________________.
103.
6.5 x 107
+ 2.2 x 107
104.
6.2 x 108
+ 1.5 x 106
105. Subtraction Rules for scientific notation: ___________________________________________________
106.
8.5 x 103
- 2.4 x 103
108.
8.72 x 1011
+ 1.72 x 1010
110.
6.02 x 1023
x 1.50 x 102
107.
7.1 x 105
- 1.6 x 104
109.
111.
4.65 x 1014
- 2.25 x 1015
(9.05 x 1019) ÷ (3.2 x 1016 ) =
Measurement Class 6: OB: To practice and master dimensional analysis problems, or unit conversion math
(with SF, density, etc.)
112. Convert 2450 mL into gallons. Show all units (3 SF) (1.06 Qt = 1 L)
113. How many millimeters are in 1000. yards? Put answer into scientific notation.
114. If you have exactly 25.0 Liters of water, how much does that weigh in tons?
115. 1 proboscis monkey = 14 zebras
8 zebras = 1 giraffe
2 giraffes = 1 elephant
1 elephant = 27 penguins
5 penguins = 1 lemur
If this is all true (it is, I promise), how many lemurs will it take to get one proboscis monkey?
(don’t sweat SF) Round to the nearest whole lemur!
116. You have a special moment and discover a hunk of metal in your yard in the dirt. It’s stamped
“pure osmium” and “100.0 grams” as well. It looks pretty new and you even believe this is real.
What is the volume of this hunk of metal in cm3? Show a formula and all your work. Use SF.
REVIEW: determine how many significant figures are in each of these measurements:
5,600 grams___
0.678°C___
5.600 kilograms___
0.00065 moles Hg___
4.305 mL___
1.400 seconds___
The product of 4.569 grams x 2.0 g/cm3___
In each set of temperatures, decide which is the coldest, which is the hottest.
10 Kelvin
280 K
10 centigrade
32°F
10 Fahrenheit
6°C
Convert -15.0°C into K
Convert 350 K to C
Convert 125 grams into kilograms
Convert 34.75 liters into mL
In the funky world that your teacher resides, there are some weird equalities. Given a short list of them, you
should be able to solve a funky problem like this… How many light switches will equal one house?
Equalities
1.0
2.0
1.0
3.0
house = 8.0 rooms
rooms = 3.0 windows
windows = 2.0 lights
lights = 4.0 light switches
You measure some pure niobium metal to have a density of 8.00 g/cm3. What is your percent error?
(hint, write the formula first)
Do what the math says to do:
(3.5 x 106)(2.0 x 102) =
(8.0 x 108) ÷ (4.0 x 1012) =
(3.3 x 108) + (1.2 x 107) =
(5.64 x 105) – (2.33 x 104) =