HELGOLANDER MEERESUNTERSUCHUNGEN
Heigol~nder Meeresunters. 45, 107-142 (1991)
Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Lizard Island,
northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
I. Families: Cytherellidae, Loxoconchidae,
Cytherideidae, Cytheruridae, Paracytherideidae,
Pectocytheridae, Krithidae, Cytheromatiidae,
Bythocytheridae, Cytheridae
Patricia B e h r e n s
Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universit~t Hamburg;
NIartin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-W-2000 Hamburg 13, Federal Republic of Germany
ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the taxonomy of the ostracod families Cytherellidae, Cytheridae,
Cytheromatidae, Cytherideidae, Krithidae, Loxoconchidae, Paracytherideidae, Cytheruridae, Pectocytheridae and Bythocytheridae from the coral reefs around Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier
Reef, Austraha. 22 species belonging to these families were found. 7 species had been described
from Austrahan coasts, 1 from the Red Sea and i with Indopacific-Westatlanticdistribution. 9 species
are newly described and 4 species remain in open nomenclature.
INTRODUCTION
This paper is part of an investigation on the taxonomy, biology a n d ecology of
ostracods of the suborders Podocopa a n d Platycopa around Lizard Island, Great Barrier
Reef. The author collected ostracods during 7 months from different biotopes a r o u n d the
island a n d in different seasons.
Knowledge on the benthic litoral Ostracoda of the Pacific area is sparse. The ostracod
f a u n a of the northern tropical part i n c l u d i n g the Great Barrier Reef is virtually u n k n o w n .
The podocopidan ostracods of the Great Barrier Reef are k n o w n mostly from the papers of
Brady (1866, 1890), especially from the Challenger Expedition. Unfortunately, the
descriptions of the species are incomplete a n d only carapaces are described. The first
paper showing soft parts is by McKenzie (1967), dealing with Ostracoda from South
Australia. Recently, H a r t m a n n (1981) has dealt with ostracods from H e r o n Island, a n d
Howe & McKenzie (1989) with ostracods from Darwin a n d Western Australia. In his
u n p u b h s h e d thesis (1977), Labutis reported on Cytheridea from the Southern Great
Barrier Reef, mainly around Gladstone. Due to the lack of information, investigations
from other geographical areas have formed the basis for this p r e s e n t study o n Ostracoda
from the northern Great Barrier Reef. These i n c l u d e the papers of H a r t m a n n (1978, 1984;
Western Australia, H u a h i n 6 a n d Rangiroa), Yassini & Jones (1987; S o u t h e a s t e r n
9 Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Hamburg
108
Patricia Behrens
Austraha), McKenzie (i986; SW Pacific}, Cabioch et al. (1986; N e w Caledonia}, a n d of
Bentley (1988; Brisbane Water}.
Lizard Island (14~
145~
is a continental island in the n o r t h e r n tropical
section of the Great Barrier Reef. It is located 36 k m off the Q u e e n s l a n d coast a n d only
16 k m from the outer barrier reefs which mark the edge of the c o n t i n e n t a l shelf {TextFig. 1). Lizard Island is fringed by a coral reef which also encompasses two n e a r b y islands
a n d encloses a lagoon of 10 m depth. Samples were t a k e n in 0.5-16 m depth from
different e n v i r o n m e n t s , i n c l u d i n g mangroves, sand fiats, m u d fiats, seagrasses, d e a d
coral fragments a n d algae. The sampling stations are shown in Text-Figure 1 a n d
described in Table 1. The water temperature r a n g e is b e t w e e n 25 ~ i n J u n e / J u l y a n d
30 ~ in D e c e m b e r / F e b r u a r y . The salinity is 34 S d u r i n g the whole year.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
S e d i m e n t samples were t a k e n from 0.5-12 m depth by hand, u s i n g a h a n d n e t of
0.18 m m mesh, a n d either b y snorkel or SCUBA diving. Coral fragments, algae or rocks
were also collected b y hand, put into a b u c k e t filled with water a n d m i x e d with a few
drops of 4 % Formahn. The animals were w a s h e d a n d r u b b e d from the substrate a n d put
into n e w w a t e r to keep them ahve. In the laboratory, the living ostracods w e r e picked out
individually u n d e r a stereomicroscope a n d stored in vials with alcohol. T h e a n i m a l s were
dissected a n d the soft parts e m b e d d e d in Polyvinyl-Lactophenol stained with O r a n g e G.
The left valves of about 5 specimens of each sex, if there was e n o u g h material, were
m e a s u r e d u n d e r the microscope. M e a n sizes are g i v e n in the text. Holotypes a n d some
paratypic material are deposited at the Australian M u s e u m , Sydney. Paratypes are also
deposited at the Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg.
Abbreviations: AMS = Australian Museum Sydney; ZMH = Zoologisches Museum Hamburg. LV =
left valve; RV = right valve; VM = ventral margin; DM = dorsal margin; AM = anterior margin; PM
= posterior margin; Au = antennula; Aa = antenna; Md = mandible; Mxu = maxillula; P1 = first
walking leg (maxilla}; P2 = second walking leg; P3 = third walking leg, 1, 2, 3 . . . = segments of the
extremities, counted distadly.
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS
Family C y t h e r e l l i d a e
Sars, 1866
S u b f a m i l y C y t h e r e l h n a e Sars, 1866
Keijcyoidea Malz, 1981
Keijcyoidea poikilokosmena sp. n.
Genus
Pigs 1-6, Plate 1: Pigs 1-5
Material
H o 1 o t y p e : male, May 18, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 10, AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 1 female, A u g u s t 24, 1989, Sta. 4; 1 female, May 18,
1988, Sta. 11; AMS; 1 female, 1 male, A u g u s t 16, 1989, Sta. 11; ZMH K-34571.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, d e a d coral fragments.
O s t r a c o d a from Lizard Island, A u s t r a l i a (I)
145"1
~ LI~ ~
f
,.-"~.
109
h4s'3o'
i (--"-,--\l
{ ~35"~., -,.
"~36 "\ ~ J/--,,
HILDER
, ~,
14"30'
IZARDI.i_
o
CAIRNS".!,:.
/
~
"0)
~.,~1 CODHOLE
(;L',
9
-,, ,--.,,
ii w./.-,o,....
QUEEN~~
~~34
2:
21
7;
lg
,' 9
.
LIZARD ISLAND
/4Jo2
~
~'..- !.." i ~ 4...i...
) ~ .....:...
~
\ =26
ff"::.
.?~ <,.i
~E:
:~f
~~..,
:
"h"'-, o \
. .,."9
c'# J
..........
/ ,.., ~,,M=,28
..
/
9 .,".3 ~
/.<..,_j
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9
\~,.- ~..-~.~) /
,.-"
Text-Pig. 1. Map of Lizard Island showing positions of sampling stations
II0
Patricia B e h r e n s
Table 1. List of sampling stations
Sta.
Location
Depth
Substrate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Lagoon
Reef flat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Reef flat, windward
Reef slope, windward
Reef slope, windward
Reef flat, windward
Reef flat, leeward
Reef fiat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Mangroves
Reef flat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Reef fiat, leeward
Reef fiat, leeward
Reef flat, leeward
Lagoon
Lagoon
Lagoon
Lagoon
Reef slope, windward
Reef slope, windward
Reef flat, windward
Reef slope, windward
Reef slope, windward
Outer reef
Outer reef
Outer reef
Outer reef
Outer reef
0.5 m
1.0 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
1.0 m
1.0 m
2.0 m
0.5 m
2.0 m
6.0 m
1.0 m
3.0 m
3.0 m
3.0 m
1.0 m
0.5 m
1.0 m
3.0 m
3.0 m
4.0 m
3.0 m
5,0 m
0.5 m
3.0 m
4.0 m
0.5 m
14.0 m
3.0 m
3.0 m
15.0 m
3.0 m
15,0 m
6.0 m
14.0 m
14.0 m
16.0 m
gravel
sand
sand b e t w e e n seagrass
dead coral fragments
calcareous algae (Halirneda sp.)
bluegreen algae (Hormothamnion sp.}
sand b e t w e e n algae
dead coral fragments
shell sand
dead coral fragments
dead coral fragments
red algae (Laurenciasp.)
dead coral fragments.
red algae (Galaxaura sp.)
shell sand
fine sand
gravel
sand
seagrass
dead coral fragments
dead coral fragments
bluegreen algae (Microcodeus sp.)
dead coral fragments
fine sand
dead coral fragments
sh~ll sand
shell sand
dead coral fragments
dead coral fragments
algae (Turbinara sp.)
shell sand
shell sand
shell sand
dead coral fragments
shell sand
dead coral fragments
dead coral fragments
33
34
35
36
37
N a m e:
T h e g r e e k w o r d s " p o i k i l o s " (= d i f f e r e n t ) a n d " k o s m e n a "
(= o r n a m e n t )
r e f e r to t h e d i f f e r e n t l y o r n a m e n t e d r i g h t a n d l e f t v a l v e s .
D e s c r i p t i o n : T h e s h e l l h a s its m a x i m u m h e i g h t i n t h e a n t e r i o r h a l f , d e c h n i n g to
t h e p o s t e r i o r part. T h e V M is c o n c a v e , t h e A M b r o a d l y r o u n d e d , a n d t h e P M e n d s i n a
b l u n t tip. T h e A M f o r m s a w a v y h n e . LV a n d RV h a v e d i f f e r e n t c a r a p a c e o r n a m e n t a t i o n s .
T h e LV h a s o n e r o w of l a r g e r f o s s a e r u n n i n g p a r a l l e l to t h e A M . T h a t r o w is n o t
d e v e l o p e d i n t h e RV. H i n g e m e n t i n t h e m i d d l e of t h e s h e l l w i t h i n w a r d l y d i r e c t e d
e x t e n s i o n . A u s e v e n - s e g m e n t e d , w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g bristles: 1 l a t e r a l l y w i t h o n e b r i s t l e ,
d o r s o d i s t a l l y w i t h t w o b r i s t l e s a n d v e n t r o d i s t a l l y w i t h o n e bristle. 3 v e n t r o d i s t a l l y w i t h
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, Austraha (I)
Iii
one short bristle. 4 a n d 5 dorsally with one claw a n d two bristles each, 4 ventrodistally
with two l o n g bristles. 6 dorsally with one claw a n d one bristle, ventrodistrally with one
long bristle. 7 with one weakly developed.claw, two bristles a n d one sensory stick. Aa at
its basis dorsally with one long bristle, endopodite ventrally at the basis with two long
bristles. 2 ventrally with one claw and two bristles, dorsally with one strong claw. 3
terminally with two bristles a n d one w e a k claw. S w i m m i n g bristles n u m e r o u s . Palp of the
Mxu with long segments, terminally with three bristles. Maxilla of the m a l e threes e g m e n t e d , ventrally with two bristles on 1, laterally with four bristles on 2. 3 dorsally
with one bristle a n d terminally with one claw. Fu with 9 distally a n d 2 proximally directed
bristles. Copulatory organ of the male triangular with long copulatory tube.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.49 mm, height 0.29 mm;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.46 mm, height 0.27 mm.
E c o 1 o g y : K. p o i k i l o k o s m e n a was found on dead coral fragments.
R e m a r k s : Due to its differentiated h i n g e m e n t , the systematic v a l u e of which is
discussed b y Malz (1981}, the n e w species is placed in the g e n u s K e i j c y o i d e a . It
resembles Cytherelloidea fijiensis (Brady, 1890) as illustrated b y McKenzie {1986), b u t
lacks the denticulation at the PM a n d the ridge r u n n i n g parallel to the dorsal m a r g i n in
the posterior part of the shell. McKenzie also indicates a l e n g t h of 0.55 m m for C. fijiensis,
which is m u c h larger t h a n K. p o i k i l o k o s m e n a sp. n.
Family Cytheridae Baird, 1850
Subfamily Cytherinae Baird, 1850
Tribus Microcytherurini Hartmann, 1979
G e n u s Microcytherura G. W. Miiller, 1894
Microcytherura aestuar~cola Hartmann, 1980
Plate I: Figs 6-9
MicrocytheruraaestuaricolaHartrnann, 1980: 117-118, Figs 18-21, Plate 3: Figs 7-13.
M a t e r i a I : Lizard Island: 34 females, 43 males, 19 larvae, August 3, 1989, Sta. I;
K-34572; i28 females, 160 males, 62 larvae, August 11, 1989, Sta. 17; A M S .
S i z e : females, LV: length 0.28 ram, height 0.14 ram;
males, LV: length 0.30 rnm, height 0.14 m m .
E c o 2o g y: The species lives seasonally on Lizard Island, and w a s found only
during winter months; however, during these months in huge numbers in the sandy
euhtoral.
R e m a r k s : The individuals of the Lizard Island population are smaller in b o d y size
t h a n those of the South a n d Southeast coast of Australia, w h e r e the females h a v e a l e n g t h
of 0.29-0.32 m m a n d the males of 0.33-0.36 m m (Hartmann, 1980).
ZMH
112
Patricia Behrens
Tribus Cytherini Baird, 1850
G e n u s Corallicythere Hartmann, 1974
?Corallicythere arcanis sp. n.
Figs 7-13, Plate 1: Figs 10, 11, Plate 2: Figs 1-9
Material
H o 1 o t y p e : male, March 30, 1988, Cod Hole, Sta, 33; AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Mzard Island: I female, March 13, 1988, Sta. 26; 2 females, 4 males,
S e p t e m b e r 2, 1989, Sta. 26; ZMH K-34573. Cod Hole: 10 females, 7 males, March 30,
1988, Sta. 33; ZMH K-34573.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, lagoon, shell sand.
N a m e : The latin word "arcanus" m e a n s mysterious.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The DM of the shell is convex. The m a x i m u m h e i g h t lies just in
front of the middle. AM a n d PM are rounded, the VM is shghtly concave i n the region of
the mouth. The shell of the female is larger t h a n that of the male a n d serves as b r e e d i n g
chamber. The h i n g e m e n t is smooth. In its anterior part it is covered b y small, spherical
excrescences. These excrescences form r i n g h k e structures a r o u n d some of the pore
canals. The eyecups are fused. A u six-segmented, 2 ventrodlstally with o n e bristle, 3 a n d
4 dorsodistally with one short bristle each, 4 ventrodlstally with one l o n g bristle. 5
dorsodistally with two long bristles, ventrodistally with one long bristle. 6 t e r m i n a l l y with
one claw, two bristles a n d one sensory stick. Aa four-segmented with two short t e r m i n a l
claws, spinneret bristle three-segmented. 2 ventrodistally with one short bristle, 3
ventrally with two bristles a n d one sensory stick, dorsally with one long bristle. 3 more
distally with one bristle. Respiratory plate of Md with three Strahlen, palp with very short
bristles, no filter bristles developed. Mxu only with equally directed Strahlen. W a l k i n g
leg P l with one long anterior bristle, one kneebristle, one bristle distally at 2 a n d one long
bristle at the posterior margin. P2 a n d P3 with bristles similarly located, b u t the kneebristles more strongly developed. P3 with strong bristle at 2. Copulatory o r g a n of the male
with pointed side-capsule, copulatory tube circular.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.44 mm, h e i g h t 0.22 ram;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.38 mm, height 0.19 mm.
E c o 1 o g y : The species was exclusively f o u n d in shell sand.
Remarks:
?Corallicythere arcanis sp. n. hves in the interstitial system of coral
sand, a n d displays morphological adaptations. Therefore, a systematic cIassification is
difficult. The species differs from the Parvocytheridae, C o b a n o c y t h e r i d a e a n d Psammocytheridae as it has three normally developed w a l k i n g legs in both sexes. For the
following characters, ?C. arcanis could b e placed in the Cytherinae as well as in the
Leptocytheridae: h i n g e m e n t , fused eyecups, respiratory plate with e q u a l l y directed
Strahlen, Aa with two terminal claws. The structure of the male's copulatory o r g a n a n d
the slight indication of a dorsoterrninal a n g u l a t i o n of the carapace are characters typical
of the Leptocytheridae, but might be p r e s e n t i n the Cytherinae as well. ?C. arcanis differs
from the Leptocytheridae in the m a r g i n of the shell, which is thought to b e a systematic
character of high value. The Leptocytheridae have, as a commonly differentiated character, a broadly fused outer a n d i n n e r lamella, with n u m e r o u s m a r g i n a l pore canals which
are branched. The n e w species h o w e v e r has narrow fused lamellas a n d few m a r g i n a l
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, A u s t r a h a (I)
113
pore canals, which are not b r a n c h e d b u t single. Therefore, the species is a s s u m e d to
b e l o n g to the Cytherinae, Tribus Cytherini, w h o s e common character is the structure of
the h i n g e m e n t . ?C. arcanis has several characters in c o m m o n with Corallicythere verrucosa Hartmann, 1974 from the interstitial of the A f n c a n coast. Both species h a v e a similar
m a r g i n a l zone a n d h a v e fused eyecups. T h e y differ in the following characters: ?C.
arcanis sp. n. has no c a u d a l process such as that o b s e r v e d in C. verrucosa; the A u has six
s e g m e n t s i n s t e a d of five; the posterior p a r t of the valve of the female serves as a b r e e d i n g
chamber; the m a l e of C. verrucosa is larger. K n o w l e d g e on the interstitial s p e c i e s is
m e a g r e . Certainly, ?C. arcanis is m o r e closely related to Corallicythere t h a n to all t h e
other d e s c r i b e d interstitial genera, w h i c h h a v e derived in different families. O n the other
hand, p r o v i d e d that k n o w l e d g e on interstitial species will increase in t h e future, t h e
differences b e t w e e n b o t h species m a y one d a y b e i n t e r p r e t e d on the level of g e n e r a . At
the moment, the n e w species is, with reservation, p l a c e d to the Corallic~here.
F a m i l y P e c t o c y t h e r i d a e H a n a i , 1957
G e n u s M o r k h o v e n i a Teeter, 1975
M o r k h o v e n i a inconspicua (Brady, 1880) (Plate 4, Figs 9-10)
Cythere inconspicua Brady, 1880: 70, Plate 13: Figs la-d.
Morkhovenia inconspicua (Brady, 1880), - Teeter, 1975.. 435, gen. nov.; Hartmann, 1984:126
(Synonomie).
Material:
Lizard Island: 3 females, 1 larva, A u g u s t 24, 1989, Sta. 4; 1 larva,
M a r c h 19, 1988, Sta. 6; 1 larva, M a y 18, 1988, Sta. 11; 1 female, M a y 10, 1988, Sta. 21; 1
female, A u g u s t 14, 1989, Sta. 21; 1 female, A u g u s t 12, 1989, Sta. 25; 2 females, 4 larvae,
M a r c h 13, 1988, Sta. 26; 1 larva, S e p t e m b e r 2, 1989, Sta. 26; 1 female, A u g u s t 17, 1989,
Sta. 29; AMS. Cod Hole: 2 females, 2 larvae, March 30, 1988, Sta. 33; Z M H K-34574.
Hilder Reef: 3 females, April 24, 1988, Sta. 35; 1 female, April 24, 1988, Sta. 36; Z M H K34574. Reef n e a r Cod Hole: 1 larva, M a y 1, 1988, Sta. 37; ZMH K-34 574.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.41 ram, h e i g h t 0.22 ram.
E c o 1 o g y : The species was found on d e a d coral fragments as well as on s a n d y
substrates.
R e m a r k s : The sizes of the individuals of the Lizard Island p o p u l a t i o n r e s e m b l e
the largest sizes given b y H a r t m a n n (1981) for the population of H e r o n Island. T h e
species has Indowestpacffic-Westatlantic distribution.
G e n u s Keijia Teeter, 1975
Aenigmocythere Bonaduce, Masoli & Pugliese 1976: 9.
Keijia hirundo (Bonaduce, M a s o h & Pughese, 1976)
Plate 2: Figs 12, 13
Aenigmocythere hirundo Bonaduce, Masoli & Pughese~ 19-76: 380-382, Plate 4: Figs 6-11, TextFig. 4.
Pectocythere foveata Hartmann, 1978, - Yassini & Jones, 1987: 826, Plate 14: Pigs 12-13; non
Hartmann, 1978.
114
Patricia Behrens
M a t e r i a 1 : Lizard Island: 1 female, August 24, 1989, Sta. 4; 2 females, A u g u s t 8,
1989, Sta. 13; AMS; 1 female, August 12, 1989, Sta. 25; ZMH K-34575.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.45.ram, height 0.21 m.
E c o 1 o g y : The species was collected from dead coral fragments.
R e m a r k s : The species coincides in all characters with the diagnostic features of
the g e n u s Keijia, Therefore, Aenigmocythere, as a monotypic genus, is s y n o n y m o u s with
Keijia.
Keijia foveata (Hartmann, 1978)
Plate 3: Figs 1, 2
Pectocythere (?) foveata Hartmann, 1978: 144, Figs 619-620, Plate 14, Figs 12-13.
Keijia foveata (Hartmann, t978), - Howe & McKenzie, 1989: 32, new comb.
Material
: Hilder Reef: 1 female, 1 male, 1 larva, April 24, 1988, Sta. 35; AMS.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.49 ram, height 0.22 ram;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.52 ram, height 0.2I ram.
E c o 1 o g y : The species was found on shell sand in a depth of 15 m.
R e m a r k s : The individuals of the Hilder Reef population are s m a l l e r c o m p a r e d to
those of the W e s t e r n Australia population, which are 0.53-0.55 m m in l e n g t h (Hartmann,
1978). However, the sculpture of the carapace as well as the soft parts are identical with
the description g i v e n b y H a r t m a n n .
F a m i l y C y t h e r o m a t i d a e E l o f s o n , 1939
S u b f a m i l y C y t h e r o m a t i n a e E l o f s o n , 1939
G e n u s Paracytheroma Juday, 1907
Paracytheroma aestatophfla sp. n.
Figs 14-20, Plate 3: Figs 5-10
Material
Holotype:
male, M a r c h 10, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 3; AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 1 male, March 10, 1988, Sta. 2; 80 females, 71 males,
42 larvae, M a r c h 10, 1988, Sta. 3; AMS; 2 females, August 23, 1989, Sta. 3; 1 male, March
15, 1988, Sta. 4; 5 females, 2 males, 4 larvae, March 15, 1988; Sta. 5; 1 male, March 19,
1988, Sta. 6; 5 females, 7 males, March 28, 1988, Sta. 7; 3 larvae, M a y 1, 1988, Sta. 18;
5 females, 3 males, 3 larvae, N o v e m b e r 5, 1989, Sta. 18; ZMH K-34576.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, leeward side, sand.
N a m e : T h e greek words "aestas" (--- summer) a n d "philein" (-- to love) refer to the
seasonal distribution of the species on Lizard Island.
Description:
The carapace of t h e female is higher t h a n that of the male,
especially i n the posterior part. The AM is r o u n d e d a n d proceeds in a n almost straight
DM that e n d s at a n angle. T h e PM forms a caudal process, a b o u t half t h e height of the
shell. The V M is straight, i n the region of the mouth slightly concave; t h e V M of t h e
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, Australia (I)
115
female in the posterior p a r t is shghtly convex. The shell is smooth. T h e r e are a b o u t 50
m a r g i n a l pore canals~ the i n n e r m a r g i n a n d line of concrescence only coincide in the
r e g i o n of the mouth. H i n g e m e n t w e a k , wi.'th w e a k m e d i a n b a r a n d small anterior a n d
posterior teeth in the LV. A u s i x - s e g m e n t e d , both terminal s e g m e n t s l o n g e r t h a n
s e g m e n t s 3 a n d 4 . 2 ventrodistally with one long bristle, 3 dorsodistally with one claw. 4
a n d 5 dorsodistally with one claw a n d ventrodistally with one strong bristle each. 6
terminally with one w e a k claw, one long bristle a n d one sensory stick. A a fours e g m e n t e d , with two terminal claws, of w h i c h only the dorsal one e m e r g e s from the
terminal segment. S p i n n e r e t bristle t h r e e - s e g m e n t e d : 2 ventrodistally with one bristle, 3
distally with one of the t e r m i n a l claws a n d one bristle, m e d i o v e n t r a l l y two bristles a n d
one sensory stick, laterally two bristles. W a l k i n g legs all with one long bristle at the
posterior margin. P1 with two long bristles at the anterior margin, two k n e e b r i s t l e s a n d
one short bristle distally at 2. P2 with one long bristle at the anterior margin, one
k n e e b r i s t l e a n d one long bristle at 2. P3 with one short anterior bristle, one k n e e b r i s t l e
a n d one bristle at 2, w h i c h is l o n g e r than the following segment. C o p u l a t o r y o r g a n of the
male with large b a s a l capsule, distally with a large chitinous clasp.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.54 ram, h e i g h t 0.26 mm;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.54 mm, h e i g h t 0.24 ram.
E c o 1 o g y : The species lives in large populations in the s a n d y euhtoral a m o n g
s e a g r a s s but was found only in April a n d May; then, however, in l a r g e n u m b e r s .
R e m a r k s : P. a e s t a t o p h f l a sp. n. r e s e m b l e s P. caudata H a r t m a n n , 1978, b u t differs
in the s h a p e of the c a r a p a c e a n d the structure of the m a l e ' s copulatory organ.
Family Cytherideidae
Subfamily Cytherideinae
S a r s , 1925
S a r s , 1925
Tribus C y p r i d e i d i n i Kollmann, 1960
G e n u s C y p r i d e i s (Cyprideis) Jones, 1857
C y p r i d e i s australiensis H a r t m a n n , 1978
Plate 3: Figs 11, 12, Plate 4: Figs 1, 2
Cypfideis australiensis Hartmann, 1978: 85-86, Figs 147-155, Plate 5: Figs 1-5.
Material:
Lizard Island: 9 females, 6 males, 4 larvae, M a y 8, 1988, Sta. 16;
6 females, 3 males, 1 larva, A u g u s t 14, 1989, Sta. 16; AIMS.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 1.10 mm; h e i g h t 0.70 mm;
males, LV: l e n g t h 1.10 mm; h e i g h t 0.60 mm.
E c o 1 o g y : C. australiensis was found in b r a c k i s h w a t e r (20 S) a m o n g m a n g r o v e s in
m u d d y sediment.
R e m a r k s : T h e individuals of the w e s t Australian p o p u l a t i o n d e s c r i b e d b y Hartm a n n (1978) w e r e smaller in b o d y size t h a n those of the Lizard Island p o p u l a t i o n (females
LV 0.90-0.94 m m length, m a l e s LV 0.86-0.88 m m length), b u t the soft parts of t h e b o d y as
well as the characters of the shell c o r r e s p o n d well in both populations.
116
Patricia Behrens
F a m i l y K r i t h i d a e M a n d e l s t a m , 1958
S u b f a m i l y K r i t h i n a e M a n d e l s t a m , 1958
TAbus KAthini h/fandelstam, 1958
G e n u s Parakrithella Hanai, 1959
Parakrithefla sp. Lizard 1
Plate 4: Fig. 3
M a t e r i a 1 : Lizard Island: 1 female, May 18, 1988, Sta. 11; AMS.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.40 ram, height 0.17 ram.
E c o 1 o g y : O n e single female was found on dead coral fragments.
R e m a r k s : The species differs in size as well as in shape from all other species of
the genus, b u t remains in o p e n n o m e n c l a t u r e b e c a u s e of the insignificant material found.
Parakrithefla sp. Lizard 2
Plate 4: Figs 4, 5
Material:
Lizard Island: 1 female, August 8, 1989, Sta. 13; 1 female, 1 larva,
A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14; AMS.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.47 ram, height 0.22 ram.
E c o 1 o g y : The species was found on red algae a n d d e a d coral fragments.
R e m a r k s: The species resembles in size a n d shape of the shell Parakrithefla
australis McKenzie, 1967, b u t differs in the soft parts, especially in the palp of the Mxu
a n d in the bristles of the w a l k i n g legs. Because of the insignificant material, the species
r e m a i n s in open nomenclature.
F a m i l y L o x o c o n c h i d a e Sars, 1925
S u b f a m i l y L o x o c o n c h i n a e Sars, 1925
G e n u s Loxoconcha Sars, i866
Loxocorniculum Benson & Coleman 1963: 38.
Benson & C o l e m a n (1963) gave as the only diagnostic character to distinguish the
g e n u s Loxocorniculum from Loxoconcha the d e v e l o p m e n t of a posterodorsal protuberance. Because of the shape of the carapaces in the family, the posterodorsal part of the
shell is distinctly developed with n u m e r o u s transitions from a more strongly developed
ridge to a p r o m i n e n t protuberance. These transitions can b e observed e v e n in closely
related species. Therefore, the d e v e l o p m e n t of a posterodorsal p r o t u b e r a n c e does not
possess the systematic value that would justify the introduction of a g e n u s .
Loxoconcha georgei H a r t m a n n , 1978
Plate 4: Figs 6 - 9
Loxoconcha georgei Hartmann, 1978: 259-268, Plate 9" Figs 13-16.
Loxocorniculum georgei (Hartmann, 1978), - Cabioch, Anglada & Babinot, 1986: 28; Howe &
McKenzie, 1989: 24.
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, Australia (I)
117
Material:
Mzard Island: 1 female, M a r c h 10, 1988, Sta. 3; 1 female, 1 larva,
A u g u s t 24, 1989, Sta. 4; 17 females, 13 males, 16 larvae, M a y 14, 1988, Sta. 8; 1 female,
A u g u s t 16, 1989, Sta. 12; 13 females, 2 males, 2 larvae, April 27, 1988, Sta. 13; 3 females, 1
male, 2 larvae, A u g u s t 8, 1989, Sta. 13; 13 females, 5 larvae, M a y 3, 1988, Sta. 14~ 7
females, 3 males, 2 larvae, A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14; AMS. 11 females, 13 males, 13 larvae,
M a y 10, 1988, Sta. 21~ 3 females, 1 male, 3 larvae, A u g u s t 14, 1989, Sta. 24; 1 female,
A u g u s t 15, 1989, Sta. 23; 3 females, M a y 17, 1989, Sta. 25~ 2 females, A u g u s t 12, 1989,
Sta. 25~ 1 female, A u g u s t 17, 1989, Sta. 29; Z M H K-34577. Cod Hole: 1 female, A u g u s t 7,
1989, Sta. 34; ZMI-I K-34577. Reef n e a r Cod Hole: 1 female, M a y 1, 1988, Sta. 37~ Z M H K34577.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.50 ram, h e i g h t 0.33 mm~
m a l e s , LV: l e n g t h 0.53 ram, h e i g h t 0.32 mm.
E c o 1 o g y : L. g e o r g e i was found on d e a d coral f r a g m e n t s as well as on algae.
R e m a r k s : T o g e t h e r with L. b r o o m e n s i s Hartmann, 1978 a n d L. m i n y a u s t r a l i s
H o w e & McKenzie, 1989, L. g e o r g e i belongs to a group of s p e c i e s which are closely
related, all h a v i n g quite similar shells. The species of the g r o u p can mainly b e disting u i s h e d b y their distinctly different soft parts. The population of Lizard Island differs from
the one d e s c r i b e d b y H a r t m a n n in having two kneebrisfles on P1 i n s t e a d of one. Both
p o p u l a t i o n s c o r r e s p o n d in size.
L o x o c o n c h a insulaecapricornensis H a r t m a n n , 1981
Plate 4: Pigs 10, 11, Plate 5: Pigs 1, 2
Loxoconcha insulaecapricornensis Hartmann, 1981: 118-119, Pigs 55-57, Plate 9: Figs 7-17.
M a t e r i a 1 : Lizard Island: 2 females, M a r c h 19, 19~8, Sta. 6; 2 females, 1 larva,
M a y 14, 1988, Sta. 8~ 1 female, M a y 18, 1988, Sta. 11; 7 females, 2 larvae, S e p t e m b e r 17,
1989, Sta. 29; 1 female, 2 males, October 12, 1989, Sta. 30; 1 female, O c t o b e r 13, 1989,
Sta. 31~ AMS. Cod Hole: 11 females, 2 males, 7 larvae, A u g u s t 7, 1989, Sta. 34; Z M H K34578. Hilder Reef: 1 female, 1 larva, April 24, 1988, Sta. 36~ Z M H K-34578.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.48 ram; h e i g h t 0.28 mm~
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.55 mm~ h e i g h t 0.34 mm.
E c o 1 o g y ~ L. i n s u l a e c a p f i c o r n e n s i s was found only on d e a d coral f r a g m e n t s a n d
a l g a e at the w i n d w a r d side of the island.
R e m a r k s : The individuals of the Lizard Island p o p u l a t i o n are smaller t h a n the
populations of Rangiroa a n d Huahin~: females 0.51-0.53 m m long, males 0.56-0.57 m m
long (Hartmann, 1984), a n d of Heron Island: females 0.53-0.57 m m long (Hartmann,
1981).
L o x o c o n c h a h e r o n i s l a n d e n s i s Hartmann, 1981
Plate 5: Pigs 3 - 6
Loxocon cha heronislandensis Hartrnann, 1981: 117-118, Figs 52~-54, Plate 9: Pigs 1-6.
M a t e r i a 1 : Lizard Island: 1 female, M a r c h 7, 1988, Sta. 1; 1 larva, M a r c h 19, 1988,
Sta. 6; 2 females, A u g u s t 23, 1989, Sta. 6; 1 female, 1 larva, M a r c h 28, 1988, Sta. 7~ 2
females, 1 larva, M a y 14, 1988, Sta. 8~ 5 females, 3 males, 5 larvae, M a y 18, 1988, Sta. 11~
1 female, 2 males, 1 larva, A u g u s t 16, 1989, Sta. 11~ 6 females, 2 larvae, April 27, 1988,
Sta. 13; 3 females, A u g u s t 8, 1989, Sta. 13~ 8 females, 3 larvae, M a y 3, 1988, Sta. 14~ AMS~
118
Patricia Behrens
2 females, 1 male, A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14~ 1 female, A u g u s t 11, 1989, Sta. 20~ 21 females,
12 larvae, M a y 19, 1988, Sta. 23; 2 females, A u g u s t 15, 1989, Sta. 23; 1 f e m a l e , 1 male, 3
larvae, M a y 17, 1988, Sta. 25~ 2 females, April 1, 1988, Sta. 28; 6 females, 4 larvae, A u g u s t
17, 1989, Sta. 29~ 1 female, O c t o b e r 12, 1989, Sta. 30~ 1 female, O c t o b e r 13, 1989, Sta. 31~
1 larva, O c t o b e r 13, 1989, Sta. 32~ Z M H K-34579. Hilder Reef: 1 female, A p r i l 24, 1988,
Sta. 36; Z M H K-34579. Reef n e a r Cod Hole: 2 females, 7 males, 1 larva, M a y 1, 1988, Sta.
37; Z M H K-34579.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.54 mm, h e i g h t 0.34 mm;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.56 mm, h e i g h t 0.33 mm.
E c o l o g y : Most s p e c i m e n s w e r e collected from d e a d coral f r a g m e n t s , single
s p e c i m e n s w e r e also found on a l g a e a n d sand.
R e m a r k s : The individuals of the Lizard Island population are l a r g e r t h a n those of
the p o p u l a t i o n s of Rangiroa a n d Huahin~: 0.50-0.53 m m l e n g t h (Hartmann, 1984), a n d of
H e r o n Island: 0.48-0.51 m m l e n g t h (Hartmann, 1981}.
Loxoconcha violacea sp. n.
Figs 21-27, 34, Plate 5: Figs 7-10, Plate 6: Figs 1-4
Material
H o l o t y p e : male, M a r c h 13, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 26;AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: I larva, M a r c h 10, 1988, Sta. 3; 1 male, M a r c h 15, 1988,
Sta. 5; 1 male, M a y 18, 1988, Sta. 10; 1 female, April 27, 1988, Sta. 13; 1 m a l e , A u g u s t 8,
1989, Sta. 13; 1 male, 1 larva, M a y 1, 1988, Sta. 18; 1 female, N o v e m b e r 5, 1989, Sta. 18;
17 females, 7 males, 13 larvae, M a r c h 13, 1988, Sta. 26; AMS; 1 female, 1 male,
S e p t e m b e r 2, 1989, Sta. 26; 3 females, 2 males, 3 larvae, M a y 17, 1988, Sta. 27; Z M H K34580.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, lagoon, sand.
N a m e : The latin w o r d "violaceus" m e a n s p i n k a n d refers to the colour of t h e living
a n i m a l ' s shell.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The shell of the female is h i g h e r in relation to the l e n g t h t h a n that
of the male. The A M is b r o a d l y r o u n d e d . The VM is slightly concave in t h e r e g i o n of t h e
m o u t h but otherwise convex. T h e D M runs m o r e or less in a straight line, slightly c o n v e x
b e h i n d the eye. The V M has a s e l v a g e w h i c h extends to the m i d d l e of t h e PM, a n d gives
the i m p r e s s i o n of a c a u d a l process. The sculpture of the shell consists of fossae in the m i d
region. The p o r e canals are e x p o s e d in the posterior and anterior part, w h e r e the
sculpture is smooth with some ridges. In the anterior part, there is a vestibule; in the
posterior p a r t the hne of c o n c r e s c e n c e and the i n n e r m a r g i n coincide. H i n g e m e n t
gongylodont. A u s i x - s e g m e n t e d , 4 a n d 5 only w e a k l y subdivided. 2 v e n t r o d i s t a l l y with
one hairy bristle, 3 a n d 4 dorsodistally with one claw each which b e a r v e r y small s e n s o r y
hairs at their ends. 5 dorsodistally with two bristles, ventrodistally with one bristle. 6 long,
with very long terminal bristles. Aa f o u r - s e g m e n t e d , spinneret bristle t w o - s e g m e n t e d ,
not l o n g e r t h a n the terminal s e g m e n t . 2 ventrodistally with one h a i r y bristle, 3 dorsodistally covered with hair, with one bristle. M e d i o v e n t r a l l y one bristle, v e n t r o d i s t a l l y one
w e a k l y d e v e l o p e d claw. Last s e g m e n t with two uniform terminal claws. R e s p i r a t o r y p l a t e
of the M d with four Strahlen. two of t h e m long and hairy, two shorter. Bristles of the p a l p
short, masticatory process with strong teeth. Respiratory plate of t h e M x u w i t h one l o n g
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, Austraha (I}
119
a b e r r a n t Strahl. Walking legs with bristles at the posterior margins. P1 with two bristles at
the anterior m a r g i n of 1, two kneebristles a n d one bristle distally on 2. P2 a n d P3 with two
bristles at the anterior m a r g i n of 1, one kneebristle a n d one bristle distally on 2.
S i z e : females, LV: length 0.56 mm, height ().36 mm;
males, LV: length 0.62 mm, height 0.34 mm.
E c o 1 o g y : The species hves mainly on sandy substrates~ single s p e c i m e n s were
found on d e a d coral fragments a n d algae.
R e m a r k s : L. violacea sp. n. largely resembles L. j u d i t h a e Howe & McKenzie,
1989, b u t differs from it in the shape a n d the o r n a m e n t a t i o n of the shell. The transition
from the VM to the PM is more steeply developed in L. judithae. Both posterior ridges of
L. j u d i t h a e r u n m u c h closer together. There are no soft parts available of L. juch'thae to
study the systematic relationship b e t w e e n both species, but they are p r o b a b l y closely
related. The shape of the shell of L. violacea sp. n. is similar to that of L. gracilis (Brady,
1890}, b u t the species can be distinguished b y the ornamentation. The h i n g e m e n t of L.
u n d u l a t a A1-Furaih, 1984 differs from that of L. violacea sp. n. in h a v i n g a smaller
posterior tooth a n d different shape of the anterior socket in the right valve. L. batei Bate &
Gurney, 1981 has a DM which is more convex. L. abditocostata p a r v a Hartrnann, 1984
has a distinct dorsoterminal protuberance, which is not developed in L. violacea sp. n.
The latter two species also differ in the structure of the male copulatory organs.
t o x o c o n c h a p a r a h u a h i n d e n s i s sp. n.
Figs 28-33, 35, Plate 6: Figs 5-12
ioxoconcha cf. fischeri minima Teeter, 1975, - Cabioch, Anglada & Babinot, 1986: 28, Plate 10; Figs
3-6; non Teeter (1975).
Material
Holotype:
male, May 3, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 14; AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 1 female, March 15, 1988, Sta. 5; 1 larva, M a y 18, 1988,
Sta. 101 3 females, 2 males, 2 larvae, May 18, 1988, Sta. 11; 1 female, May 3, 1988, Sta. 141
1 female, A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14; 2 larvae, May 16, 1988, Sta. 20~ 2 females, 2 larvae,
A u g u s t 11, 1989, Sta. 201 1 female, August 14, 1989, Sta. 211 1 female, 1 larva, A u g u s t 15,
1989, Sta. 23; 1 Iemale, 2 males, May 17, 1988, Sta. 25; 1 female, A u g u s t 12, 1989, Sta. 25;
1 female, March 13, 1988, Sta. 261 1 larva, S e p t e m b e r 2, 1989, Sta. 261 1 female, 1 male,
1 larva, April 1, 1988, Sta. 28., 1 female, 1 larva, August 17, 1989, Sta. 29; AMS. Cod Hole:
3 females, 5 males, 4 larvae, August 7, 1989, Sta. 34; ZMH K-34581. Reef n e a r Cod Hole:
9 females, 2 males, May 1, 1988, Sta. 37; ZMH K-34581.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, w i n d w a r d side, d e a d coral fragments.
N a m e : The latin words "para" (= n e a r to) in connection with "huahindensis" refer
to the r e s e m b l a n c e of the species with L. h u a h i n d e n s i s H a r t m a n n , 1984.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The shell of the female is higher t h a n that of the male in relation to
the length. The DM is straight a n d ends in a posterodorsal protuberance. T h e VM of the
female's shell is straight, whereas the VM of the male's shell is slightly convex in the
posterior part. The AM bears five thorns of equal size, covered by a b r o a d selvage. The
VM in its transition to the PM bears four thorns which are less d e v e l o p e d t h a n the
anterior ones. The PM ends in a caudal process. Eyecups are distinct. The o r n a m e n t a t i o n
of the shell consists of deep fossae a n d ridges, some of the latter are very p r o n o u n c e d .
120
Patricia Behrens
Large wings protrude from either side of the shell. There are about 14 m a r g i n a l pore
canals. A small vestibule has developed in the anterior part; elsewhere t h e i n n e r m a r g i n
a n d fine of concrescence coincide. Hingemen.t gongylodont, strongly developed. Au fives e g m e n t e d , with the former s e g m e n t s 4 a n d 5 fused: 2 ventrodistally with one bristle, 4
ventrodistally with one long bristle a n d dorsodistally with one long a n d o n e short bristle.
5 terminally with one long a n d two shorter bristles. Aa four-segmented with two terminal
claws. S p i n n e r e t bristle two-segmented. 2 ventrodistally with one hairy bristle, 3 medioventrally a n d mediodorsally with two bristles a n d distally with one w e a k claw. Md with
respiratory plate a n d long teeth at the masticatory process. Mxu with a b e r r a n t Strahl.
W a l k i n g legs with one bristle at the posterior m a r g i n s of 1, two bristles at the anterior
m a r g i n s of 1 a n d one bristle distally on 2. P l with two kneebfisfles, P2 a n d P3 with one
kneebrisfle each. The bristles of P3 are poorly developed.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.53 mm, height 0.33 ram;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.58 mm, height 0.33 ram.
E c o 1 o g y : L. p a r a h u a h i n d e n s i s sp. n. was collected from d e a d coral fragments,
m a i n l y in depths over 10 m.
R e m a r k s : L. p a r a h u a h i n d e n s i s sp. n. is closely related to L. h u a h i n d e n s i s Hartm a n n , 1984. Both species differ in the following characters: The lateral w i n g - h k e
processes of the shell are more developed in L. p a r a h u a h i n d e n s i s . The posterior m a r g i n
of the shell of L. h u a h i n d e n s i s bears less thorns. O n e of the thorns is l a r g e r t h a n the
others. The more p r o n o u n c e d ridges of the sculpture lie i n different positions in both
species. The posterodorsal ridge has the same height as the anterodorsal ridge in L.
h u a t n ' n d e n s i s , w h e r e a s the posterodorsal one extends higher than the a n t e r o d o r s a l one in
L. p a r a h u a h i n ~ e n s i s . The soft parts differ in the Au, in which the t e r m i n a l s e g m e n t is
shorter a n d broader i n L. p a r a h u a h i n d e n s i s . The segments 4 a n d 5 are n o t divided in L.
h u a h i n d e n s i s . T h e basal capsule of the male's copulatory organ is larger, a n d the side
capsule lacks some of the chitinous clasps in L. h u a h i n ~ e n s i s . L. f i s c h e r i m i n i m a Teeter,
1975 differs from L. p a r a h u a h i n d e n s i s in that it lacks a caudal process, a n d its PM
d e c h n e s m o r e steeply.
G a t t u n g L o x o c o n c h e l l a Triebel, 1954
L o x o c o n c h e l l a l i z a r d e n s i s sp. n.
Figs 36-39, Plate 7: Figs 1-3
Material
H o l o t y p e : male, October 12, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 30; AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 2 females, August 24, 1989, Sta. 4; 2 females, March
15, 1988, Sta. 5; 2 females, 2 larvae, A u g u s t 4, 1989, Sta. 5, 7 females, 3 larvae, A u g u s t 23,
1989, Sta. 6; AMS; 1 female, A u g u s t 8, 1989, Sta. 13; 1 female, May 3, 1988, Sta. 14;
1 female, A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14; 2 females, i larva, October 12, 1989, Sta. 301 ZMH
K-34582.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, algae.
N a m e : The species n a m e refers to Lizard Island.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The VM of the shell is straight. The DM rises from the distinct
eyecup posteriorly. It d e c h n e s b e h i n d the lateral p r o t u b e r a n c e and e n d s in a caudal
process. The lateral p r o t u b e r a n c e is on the same level as the caudal process. T h e
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, A u s t r a h a (I)
121
sculpture of the shell consists of fossae, w h i c h are small a n d reticulate at the m a r g i n s a n d
l a r g e r t o w a r d s the middle. There are 22 m a r g i n a l pore canals a n d also n u m e r o u s false
m a r g i n a l p o r e canals. The latter are highly b r a n c h e d . The inner m a r g i n a n d line of
c o n c r e s c e n c e mostly coincide. The h i n g e m e n t consists of a smooth bar. A u c o r r e s p o n d s
with that of L. pulchra McKenzie, 1967. A a f o u r - s e g m e n t e d with two t e r m i n a l claws,
s p i n n e r e t bristle t w o - s e g m e n t e d , not l o n g e r t h a n the terminal claw. 2 ventrodistally with
one bristle, 3 m e d i o v e n t r a l l y and m e d i o d o r s a l l y with two bristles each, ventrally, b u t
more distally located, one bristle. M d corresponds with that of L. pulchra, b u t the i n n e r
bristle of the p a l p is not so strong a n d not hairy. M x u with well d e v e l o p e d a b e r r a n t bristle
at the respiratory plate. W a l k i n g legs in relation to the w h o l e b o d y very long. P l with two
bristles at the anterior margin, two k n e e b r i s t l e s a n d one bristle distally at 2. Posterior
m a r g i n with one bristle. P2 with two bristles at the anterior margin, one kneebristle, one
bristle distally at 2 a n d one bristle at the posterior margin. P3 with one k n e e b r i s t l e a n d
one bristle distally at 2. Fu with three bristles.
S i z e : females, LV: length 0.53 mm, h e i g h t 0,39 mm.
(The valves of the single m a l e found w e r e destroyed.)
E c o 1 o g y : L. Bzardensis sp. n. was found on a l g a e a n d d e a d coral fragments.
R e m a r k s : L. lizardensis sp. n. b e l o n g s to a group of species with a l a t e r a l
p r o t u b e r a n c e of the shell. There are v e r y few d a t a on the soft parts of the genus; only
those of L. pulchra a n d L. dorsobuflata Hartmann, 1964 h a v e b e e n investigated. The
species show as diagnostic soft part characters a furca b e a r i n g three bristles a n d a
r e d u c t i o n of bristles at P3. The copulatory o r g a n of the male has the s a m e e l o n g a t e d
structure. R e g a r d i n g the characters of the shell, t h e y differ in having the lateral p r o t u b e r ance w h i c h L. pulchra lacks. The shell of L. scottoi Bonaduce, Masoli, Minichelli &
Pughese, 1980 differs in s h a p e from that of L. Bzarder~sis sp. n. in h a v i n g a n g u l a r
transitions in the posterior dorsal a n d ventral parts a n d in having a larger p r o t u b e r a n c e .
L. dorsobuflata differs in the hne of the dorsal margin, which does not d e c l i n e in its
posterior part. In L. anomala (Brady, 1880), the lateral p r o t u b e r a n c e is located m o r e in the
m i d d l e of the shell, w h e r e a s in L. lizardensis sp. n. m o r e dorsally. The p r o t u b e r a n c e of L.
ishizaki Keji, 1978 is less p r o m i n e n t than that of L. Bzardensis sp. n.
Family Paracytherideidae
Purl, 1957
G e n u s Paracytheridea (Paracytheridea) G. W. Mfiller, 1894
Paracytheridea gynaikokratia sp. n.
Pigs 40-43, Plate 7: Figs 4 - 9
Material
Holotype
: female, April 27, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 13; AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 1 larva, M a r c h 15, 1988, Sta. 5; 1 female, 1 larva, M a y
14, 1988, Sta. 8; 1 larva, M a y 18, 1988, Sta. 10; 2 females, 2 larvae, M a y t8, 1988, Sta. I1;
4 females, 7 larvae, A u g u s t 16, 1989, Sta. l l ; 2 females, April 27, 1988, Sta. 13; 2 females,
1 larva, A u g u s t 8, 1989, Sta. 13; 1 female, A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14; 2 females, 2 larvae,
A u g u s t 11, 1989, Sta. 20; 2 females, M a y 10, 1988, Sta. 21; 1 female, 1 larva, A u g u s t 14,
1989, Sta. 21; 1 larva, M a y 19, 1988, Sta. 23; 1 female, 1 larva, A u g u s t 15, 1989, Sta. 23;
AMS; 3 females, 1 larva, A u g u s t 12, 1989, Sta. 25; 2 females, 5 larvae, A u g u s t 17, 1989,
122
Patricia Behrens
Sta. 29~ Z M H K-34583. Hilder Reef: 1 female, 1 larva, April 24, 1988, Sta. 36; ZMH
K-34583.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, w i n d w a r d side, dead coral fragments.
N a m e : T h e greek word "gynaikokrati'a" (= ruled b y women) refers to the fact that
males were not found.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The DM of the shell d e c h n e s posteriorly, i n t e r r u p t e d b y irregular
bulges. In its posterior part, the DM is obscured b y strong ridges. The P M ends in a long
caudal process. The AM is r o u n d e d a n d u n d u l a t e d , which results from ridges coming
from the posterior middle of the shell. The VM is straight~ it is o b s c u r e d b y ventrally
located lateral w i n g - h k e protuberances. There is no vestibule. The h i n g e r n e n t is comphcated, with taxodont bar. A u six-segmented, 2 ventrodistally with o n e long bristle, 3
dorsodistally with o n e short bristle, 4 dorsodlstally with two bristles, ventrodistally with
one bristle. 5 dorsodistally with two bristles, ventrodistally with one bristle. 6 with two
bristles a n d one sensory stick. Aa resembles that of P. r e m a n e i H a r t m a n n , 1964. Respiratory plate of the Md with one Strahl. W a l k i n g legs with the following bristles: P1 with two
bristles at the anterior margin, the distal one strongly developed, two k n e e b r i s t i e s a n d
one at 2. Posterior m a r g i n with one bristle. P2 a n d P3 each with two bristles at the anterior
m a r g i n of 1, one kneebristle a n d one bristle at 2.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0151 mm, height 0.25 mm.
E c o I o g y : P. gynaikokratia sp. n. was m a i n l y collected from d e a d coral fragments~
single s p e c i m e n s were found on macroalgae.
R e m a r k s : P. gynaikokratia sp. n. is closely related to P. remanei, b u t differs in
shape a n d o r n a m e n t a t i o n of the carapace. The differences can b e seen distinctly from the
dorsal view. P. gynaikokratia has a notch b e t w e e n the posterior a n d a n t e r i o r part of the
lateral wing, which is not developed in P. remanei. P. gynaikokratia lacks e y e c u p s which
are clearly p r e s e n t i n P. remanei. P. aqabaensis Bonaduce, Masoli & Pughese, 1976 also
differs in the s h a p e of the carapace, especially i n the shape of the lateral w i n g s which do
not have a notch. Eyecups are also developed. P. p s e u d o r e m a n e i Bonaduce, Masoh,
Minichelli & Pughese, 1980 has e y e c u p s a n d a shorter caudal process. Paracythefidea sp.
Holden, 1976 from Hawaii differs i n the lateral w i n g which is smaller. P. longicaudata
(Brady, 1890) differs in the ornamentation, especially in the ridges.
Paracytheridea sp. Lizard 1
Plate 7: Fig. 10
M a t e r i a l : Lizard Island: 1 female, A u g u s t 17, 1989, Sta. 291 AMS. Cod Hole:
1 female, A u g u s t 7, 1989, Sta. 34; AMS.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.52 mm, height 0.22 m m
E c o 1 o g y : The species was found twice on dead coral fragments from the w i n d ward side.
R e m a r k s : The species differs from all other species of the g e n u s i n the o r n a m e n tation of the shell. As it is not possible to describe the species sufficiently o n the basis of
the two females found, it will r e m a i n i n o p e n n o m e n c l a t u r e .
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, Australia (I)
Pamfly Cytheruridae
123
G. W . M f i l l e r , 1894
S u b f a m i l y C y t h e r u r i n a e , G. W . M f i l l e r , 1894
G e n u s Cytherura Sars, 1866
Cytherura cf. densuireticulata Hartmann, 1978
Plate 7: Pigs 11, 12
Cytherura densuireticulata Hartmann, 1978: 109-110, Pigs 309-318, Plate 10: Figs 15-18.
Material:
Lizard Island: 1 female, M a r c h 7, 1988, Sta. 1; 11 females, 2 larvae,
A u g u s t 3, 1989, Sta. 1; 1 female, M a r c h 10, 1988, Sta. 2; 3 females, 2 larvae, M a r c h 10,
1988, Sta. 3; 1 male, A u g u s t 23, 1989, Sta. 3; AMS; 2 larvae, A u g u s t 23, 1989, Sta. 6; 1
female, M a r c h 28, 1988, Sta. 7; 1 female, A u g u s t 12, 1989, Sta. 27; 1 female, April 1, 1988,
Sta. 28; Z M H K-34584.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.38 ram, h e i g h t 0.29 mm;
(The v a l v e s of the single male found w e r e destroyed.}
E c o 1 o g y : Cytherura cf. densuiretlculata was found in the s a n d y u p p e r sublitoral.
R e m a r k s : A l a r g e variability can b e found in some characters of the species. The
m a l e of the Lizard Island population b e a r s a p o i n t e d process at its side w h e r e a s the
p o p u l a t i o n of W e s t e r n Australia b e a r s a r o u n d e d one (Hartmann, 1978}. H a r t m a n n
m e n t i o n e d a l a r g e variability, b u t could not split up the different v a r i e t i e s into species.
T h e o r n a m e n t a t i o n of the shell also shows a close relationship to C. tenuifossulata
Hartrnann, 1978. Unfortunately, no soft parts of that species h a v e b e e n s t u d i e d yet, which
could give n e c e s s a r y information.
Genus Hemicytherura Elofson, 1941
Hemicytherura viridiminor sp. n.
Figs 44-49, Plate 8: Figs 1-4
Material
Holotype:
female, M a y 14, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 8; AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 1 female, M a r c h 15, 1988, Sta. 4; 2 females, M a r c h 15,
1988, Sta. 5; 2 females, March 19, 1988, Sta. 6; 8 females, M a y 14, 1988, Sta. 8; 1 female,
M a y 18, 1988, Sta. 11; 1 female, A u g u s t 16, 1989, Sta. 11; 1 female, April 27, 1988, Sta. 13;
3 females, A u g u s t 8, 1989, Sta. 13; 1 female, A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14; 3 females, 1 larva,
M a y 10, 1988; Sta. 21; 3 females, A u g u s t 14, 1989, Sta. 21; 1 female, M a y 19, 1988, Sta.
23; AMS; 2 females, M a r c h 13, 1988, Sta. 26; Z M H 14-34585. H i l d e r Reef: 7 females, April
24, 1988, Sta. 36; Z M H K-34585. Reef n e a r Cod Hole: 1 female, M a y 1, 1988, Sta. 37;
Z M H K-34585.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, d e a d coral fragments.
N a m e : T h e Latin words "viridis" (= green) a n d "minor" (= small) refer to size a n d
colour of the shell.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The RV is h i g h e r a n d shorter t h a n the LV, its u p p e r A M slightly
concave. The D M e x t e n d s in a convex hne, with its posterior section o b s c u r e d b y a
dorsoterminal p r o t u b e r a n c e . The PM ends in a p o i n t e d c a u d a l process. T h e posterior part
of the VM is also o b s c u r e d b y a protuberance. The A M b e a r s six thorns a n d a b r o a d
124
Patricia Behrens
selvage. The o r n a m e n t a t i o n of the shell consists of fossae a n d ridges. O n e ridge runs
parallel with the VM, but is interrupted in the area of the muscle scars. T h e ridges have a
reticulated structure. There are about 23 marginal pore canals; a small vestibule is
developed in the anterior part. Elsewhere, i n n e r m a r g i n a n d h n e of concrescence
coincide. H i n g e m e n t merodont. Au six-segmented. 2 ventrodistally with one bristle, 3
a n d 4 dorsodistally with one bristle each, 5 ventrodistally a n d dorsodistally with one
bristle, 6 with three bristles. Aa f i v e - s e g m e n t e d with two terminal claws, s p i n n e r e t bristle
t h r e e - s e g m e n t e d . 2 a n d 3 ventrodistally with one bristle each, 3 dorsodistally with one
bristle a n d terminally with one claw. Md with strong masticatory process, b e a r i n g four
teeth a n d a very small palp. Mxu with one aberrant Strahl. P1 with o n e bristle at the
anterior margin, two kneebrisfles, one bristle distally at 2 a n d a l o n g bristle at the
posterior margin. P2 corresponding, b u t with only one kneebristie. P3 only with one
kneebristle a n d one bristle at 2.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.35 mm, height 0.20 mm.
E c o 1 o g y : H. viridiminor sp. n. was found on different substrates i n c l u d i n g algae,
s a n d a n d dead coral fragments.
R e m a r k s : Only one male was found, but that was subadult. T h e shape of the
carapace shows r e s e m b l a n c e with H e m i c y t h e r u r a sp. Yassini & Jones, 1987. However,
H e m i c y t h e r u r a sp. Yassini & Jones does not have a dorsoterminal p r o t u b e r a n c e but a
horizontal ridge. H. videns (Mfiller, 1894) differs in h a v i n g a longer c a u d a l process a n d
more p r o m i n e n t p r o t u b e r a n c e s in the posterior part of the shell.
G e n u s Semicytherura Wagner, 1957
Semicytherura sp. Lizard 1
Plate 8: Pigs 5, 6
Material:
3 females, A u g u s t 17. 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 29; AMS.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.35 mm, height 0.17 mm.
E c o 1 o g y : All three females were found on dead coral fragments.
R e m a r k s : The species is closely related to S. k a e t h e h o f f m a n n a e H a r t m a n n , 1979,
S. geraldtonensis I-Iartmann, 1998, S. cryptifera (Brady, 1880), a n d S e m i c y t h e r u r a sp.
H a r t m a n n , 1984. Parallel to the dorsal m a r g i n there is an anterior ridge w h i c h is p r e s e n t
in all species, b u t can hardly be found i n Semicytherura sp. Lizard 1. All species have
very similar carapace o r n a m e n t a t i o n s b u t differ in their soft parts, especially in the
structure of the copulatory organs of the males. Due to these problems, a n a m e has not
b e e n assigned to the species.
F a m i l y B y t h o c y t h e r i d a e Sars, 1926
G e n u s B y t h o c y t h e r e Sars, 1866
B y t h o c y t h e r e arenicola sp. n.
Figs 50--55, Plate 8: Figs 7-12
Material
H o 1 o t y p e : male, October 13, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 31; AMS.
O s t r a c o d a from Lizard Island, Australia (I)
125
Paratypes:
1 f e m a l e , 1 larva, O c t o b e r 13, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 31; A M S .
2 f e m a l e s , O c t o b e r 13, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 31; Z M H K-34586.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, sand.
N a m e : T h e latin w o r d s " a r e n a " (= sand) a n d " c o l e r e " (= to live) r e f e r to t h e
h a b i t a t of t h e species.
D e s c r i p t i o n : T h e c a r a p a c e of the f e m a l e is h i g h e r in t h e p o s t e r i o r p a r t t h a n t h a t
of t h e m a l e . T h e D M is s t r a i g h t a n d e n d s in a d o r s o t e r m i n a l a n g u l a t i o n . T h e A M is
r o u n d e d , t h e V M s h g h t l y c o n v e x . T h e P M forms a c a u d a l p r o c e s s in its u p p e r part.
E y e c u p s are m i s s i n g . T h e s c u l p t u r e is reticulate. T h e r e are w i n g - l i k e p r o t u b e r a n c e s in
t h e p o s t e r o v e n t r a l p a r t of t h e shell. T h e h i n g e m e n t consists of a s m o o t h bar. A u s e v e n s e g m e n t e d , w i t h l o n g a n d s l e n d e r s e g m e n t s . 2 dorsally a n d v e n t r a l l y w i t h o n e bristle
each, d o r s o d i s t a l l y w i t h o n e bristle. 3 dorsodistally w i t h o n e bristle, 4 l a t e r a l l y w i t h two
bristles, 5 d o r s o d i s t a l l y w i t h t w o a n d v e n t r o d i s t a l l y w i t h o n e bristle. 7 t e r m i n a l l y w i t h two
l o n g a n d o n e s h o r t e r bristles. A a w i t h t h r e e t e r m i n a l claws, s p i n n e r e t bristle t w o s e g m e n t e d . 2 v e n t r o d i s t a l l y w i t h two bristles, 3 v e n t r a l l y as w e l l as dorsally w i t h t w o
short bristles, v e n t r o d i s t a l l y w i t h o n e bristle. O n e small bristle b e s i d e s t h e t e r m i n a l claws.
R e s p i r a t o r y p l a t e of t h e M d w i t h five Strahlen. M x u w i t h f o u r a b e r r a n t S t r a h l e n at t h e
r e s p i r a t o r y plate. W a l k i n g l e g P1 w i t h two l o n g bristles at t h e a n t e r i o r m a r g i n , two
k n e e b r i s t l e s a n d o n e bristle e a c h at 2 a n d 3, at the p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n a r e s p i r a t o r y p l a t e
w i t h four Strahlen. P2 w i t h o n e l o n g bristle at t h e a n t e r i o r m a r g i n , o n e k n e e b r i s t l e a n d
o n e bristle at 2 a n d 3 e a c h . O n e l o n g bristle at t h e posterior m a r g i n . P3 w i t h v e r y small
k n e e b r i s t l e , o n e bristle at 2 a n d o n e v e r y s t r o n g bristle at 3. Fu w i t h t h r e e bristles.
C o p u l a t o r y o r g a n of t h e m a l e w i t h r o u n d e d b a s a l c a p s u l e a n d v e r y l o n g side c a p s u l e .
S i z e : f e m a l e s , LV: l e n g t h 0.40 mm, h e i g h t 0.23 ram;
m a l e s , LV: l e n g t h 0.42 mm, h e i g h t 0.24 ram.,
E c o 1 o g y : T h e s p e c i e s w a s f o u n d o n l y once, on s a n d y substrate.
R e m a r k s : T h e s h a p e of t h e c a r a p a c e as w e l l as t h e s c u l p t u r e of B. arenicola sp. n.
d i f f e r e n t i a t e it f r o m all o t h e r s p e c i e s in the g e n u s .
Acknowledgements. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. G. Hartmann for proposing the subject of this
investigation and for his encouragement during the progress of the study. Thanks are also due to J,
Kirch and O. Gross for assistance in collecting the material, to R. Walter for technical assistance and
to H. Petersen for nomenclature indication. S. Meyer corrected the English of the manuscript. These
studies were supported by the Amahe Dietrich Fellowship 1988 of the Australian Museum, Sydney,
and the article is based on a doctoral study in the Faculty of Biology, University of Hamburg.
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McKenzie, K. G:, 1967. Recent Ostracoda from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. - Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 80,
61-106.
McKenzie, K. G., 1986. A comparative study of collections from the SW Pacific (Saipan to Tonga),
with the description of Gambiella caudata (Brady, 1890) and a new species of Pterobairdia
(Ostracoda).- J. Micropalaeontol. 5 (1), 91-108.
M611er, G. W., 1894. Die Ostracoden des Golfes von Neapel und der a n g r e n z e n d e n Meeresabschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel 21, 1-404.
Teeter, J. W., 1975. Distribution of holocene marine Ostracoda from Belize. - Stud. Geol. 2, 400--499.
Yassini, I. & Jones, B. G., 1987. Ostracoda in Lake Illawarra: Environmental factors, a s s e m b l a g e s and
systematics. - A u s t r . J. mar. freshw. Res. 38, 795-843.
O s t r a c o d a f r o m L i z a r d I s l a n d , A u s t r a h a (I)
1
"~
~'~
~
~
127
~
2
4
912~
6
5
Figs 1-6. Keijcyoidea poikilokosmena sp. n. 1: Au, 2: Aa. 3: Mxu-palp.
copulatory organ (Scales of Figs 1-6 = 0,025 mm)
4: Ph 5: Fu. 6: Male
128
Patricia B e h r e n s
7/
Figs 7-13. ?Corallicythere arcanis sp. n. 7: Au. 8: Aa. 9: Md-palp. 10: P1.
13: Male copulatory organ (Scales of Figs 7-13 = 0.025 mm)
11: P2.
12: P3.
129
O s t r a c o d a f r o m L i z a r d I s l a n d , A u s t r a l i a (I)
15
14
1
19
20
Pigs 14-20. Paracytheroma aestatophila sp. n. 14: Au. 15: Aa. 16: P1. 17: P2. 18: P3. 19: Male
copulatory organ (Scales of Figs 14-19 = 0.025 ram). 20: LV, inner view (Scale = 0.1 ram)
130
Patricia Behrens
)
)
S
Figs 21-27. Loxoconcha violacea sp. n, 21: Au. 22: Aa. 23: Md-palp. 24: P1. 25: P2. 2 6 : P 3 (Scales
of Figs 21-26 = 0.025 mm). 27: RV, inner view (Scale = 0.1 mm)
O s t r a c o d a f r o m Lizard Island, A u s t r a l i a (I)
f
i
31 ~ ~ //
32
S
,,,....
,
131
29
/
33
Figs 28-33. Loxoconchaparahuahin~ensissp. n. 28: Au. 29: Aa. 30: P1. 31: P2. 32:P3 {Scales of
Figs 28-32 = 0.025 mm)i 33: RV, inner view {Scale = 0.1 ram)
132
Patrida
Behrens
!
Fig. 34. Loxoconcha violacea sp. n. M a l e c o p u l a t o r y o r g a n (Scale = 0.025 m m )
Fig. 35. L. parahualn'n~ensis sp. n. M a l e c o p u l a t o r y o r g a n (Scale = 0.025 m m )
Figs 36-39. Loxoconchella fizardensis sp. n. 36: Au. 37: Aa. 38: M a l e c o p u l a t o r y o r g a n (Scales of
Figs 3 6 - 3 8 -- 0.025 ram). 39: LV, i n n e r v i e w (Scale = 0.1 m m )
O s t r a c o d a f r o m L i z a r d Island, A u s t r a h a (I)
~
133
43
Pigs 40-43. Paracythefidea gynaikokratia sp. n. 40: Au. 41: P1. 42: P2. 43:P3
(Scales of Pigs 40-43 = 0.025 ram)
Pigs 44-49. I-Iernicytherura viridiminor sp. n. 44: LV, inner view. 45: Au, 46: Aa. 47: P1. 48: P2.
49:P3 (Scales of Pigs 44-49 = 0.025 mm)
134
Patricia B e h r e n s
50
l
Figs 50-55. Bythocythere arenicola sp. n. 50: Au. 51: Aa. 52: P1. 53: P2. 54: P3. 55: Male copulatory organ (Scales of Figs 50-55 = 0.025 ram)
Plate 1. Figs 1-5. Keijcyoidea poikilokosmena sp.n. 1: Male, RV. 2: Male, LV. 3: Female, LV.
4: LV, inner view. 5: RV, inner view
Figs 6--9. IVficrocytherura aestuaricola Hartmann, 1980. 6: Female, RV. 7: Female, LV.
8: Male, RV. 9: Male, LV
Figs 10-11. ?Coraflicythere arcanis sp. n. 10: Female, RV. 11: Female, LV.
{Scales = 0.1 mm)
Plate 2. Figs 1-9. ?Corallicythere arcanis sp.n. 1: Male, RV. 2: Male, LV. 3: Sculpture.
4 and 5: Pore canals. 6: Anterior hingement, RV. 7: Posterior hingement. 8: LV, inner view.
9: RV, inner view
Figs 10-11. Morkhovenia mconspicua (Brady, 1880). 10: Female, RV. 11: Female, LV
Figs 12-13. Keijia hirundo (Bonaduce, Masoli & Pugliese, 1976): 12: Female, RV.
t3: Female, LV
(Scales = 0.1 mm, if not stated otherwise)
Plate 3. Figs 1-4. Keijia foveata (Hartmann, 1978). h Male, RV. 2: Male, LV. 3: Male, RV.
4: Male, LV
Figs 5-10. Paracytheroma aestatophfla sp. n. 5: Female, RV. 6: Female, LV. 7: Male, RV.
8: Male, LV. 9: LV, inner view. 10: RV, inner view
Figs 11-12, Cyprideis australiensis Hartmann, 1978. 1I: Male, RV. 12: Male, LV
(Scales = 0.1 turn)
Plate 4. Figs 1-2. Cyprideis australiensis Hartmann, 1978. 1: Female, RV. 2: Female, LV
Fig. 3. Parakrithella sp. Lizard 1. Female, LV
Figs 4-5. Parakrithella sp. Lizard 2.4: Female, RV. 5: Female, LV
Figs 6-9. Loxoconcha georgei Hartmann, 1978. 6: Female, RV. 7: Female, LV. 8: Male, RV.
9: Male, LV
Figs10-I1. Loxoconcha insuIaecapricornensis Hartmann, 1981. 10: Female, RV: 11:
Female, LV
(Scales = 0.1 mm)
Plate 5. Figs 1-2, Loxoconcha insulaecapricornensis Hartmann, 1981. 1: Male, RV. 2: Male, LV
Figs 3-6. L. heronislandensis Hartmann, 1981. 3: Female, RV. 4: Female, LV. 5: Male, RV.
6: Male, LV
Figs 7-10. L. violacea sp. n. 7: Female, RV. 8: Female, LV. 9: Male, RV. 10: Male, LV
(Scales = 0.1 ram)
Plate 6. Figs 1-4. Loxoconcha violacea sp. n. 1: RV, anterior hingement. 2: RV, posterior hingemenL
3: LV, inner view. 4: RV; inner view
Figs 5-12. L. parahuahin~ensis sp. n. 5: Female, RV. 6: Female, LV. 7: Male, RV. 8: Male,
LV. 9: RV, anterior hingement. 10: RV, posterior hingement. 11: LV, inner view. 12: RV,
inner view
(Scales = 0.1 mm; if not stated otherwise)
Plate 7. Figs 1-3. Loxoconchefla lizardensis sp, n. 1: Female, RV, 2: Female, LV, 3: RV, i n n e r view
F i g s 4 - 9 . Paracytheridea gynaikokratia sp.n. 4: Female, RV. 5: Female, LV. 6: Female,
dorsal view. 7: RV, anterior h i n g e m e n t . 8: RV, posterior h i n g e m e n t . 9: RV, inner view
Fig. 10. Parakrithella sp. Lizard 1. Female, LV
Figs 11-12. Cytherura cf, densuireticulata H a r t m a n n , 1978.11: Female, RV. 12: Female, LV
(Scales = 0.1 mm, if not Stated otherwise)
Plate 8. Pigs 1-4. Hemicytherura vindiminor sp. n. 1: Female, RV. 2: Female, LV. 3: LV, i n n e r view.
4: RV, inner view
Pigs 5-6. Semicytherura sp. Lizard 1.5: Female~ RV. 6: Female, LV
Pigs 7-12. Bythocythere arenicola sp. n. 7: Female, RV. 8: Female, LV. 9: Male, RV. 10:
Male, LV. 11: LV, inner view. 12: RV, inner view
(Scales = 0,1 mm)