Winter Semester 2016/2017
Human-Environment Systems Interaction
Part 1: Social-ecological Systems Analysis
Part 2: Land Use Modelling of Climate Change Impacts
Lecturers:
Part 1: Dr. Jochen Hinkel, Global Climate Forum, Berlin
Dr. Maja Schlüter, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm
Part 2: Prof. Dr. Hermann Lotze-Campen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, S-Professor of Sustainable
Land Use and Climate Change, and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK),
Research Domain 2 - Climate Impacts and Vulnerabilities
Master Programmes: Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM), Agricultural Economics (AÖ),
Erasmus Mundus International Master in Rural Development (IMRD)
Start: Part 1 will be conducted as a block course on two Friday afternoons and one weekend in February
2017. Part 2 will be carried out as a regular course during the semester starting with week 44.
Dates:
Part 1:
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•
•
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Haus 12 / Institutsgebäude - 2.01 Hannoversche Straße 27 (HN27-H12)
Friday, 03 Feb 2017, 14-18h
Friday 10 Feb 2017, 14-18h
Friday 17 Feb 2017, 14-18h
Saturday, 18 Feb 2017, 10-17h
Sunday, 19 Feb 2017, 10-14h
Part 2: Monday, 14.00-16.00h (Hörsaal Haus 4, Philippstr.: PH12-H04)
31.10.2016, 07.11.2016, 14.11.2016, 21.11.2016, 28.11.2016, 05.12.2016, 12.12.2016,
09.01.2017, 16.01.2017, 23.01.2017, 30.01.2017, 06.02.2017, 13.02.2017
Rooms: see above
Website: https://moodle.hu-berlin.de/course/view.php?id=67153
Objectives of the Teaching Module
Students will…
• obtain basic knowledge of concepts, frameworks, theories and methods for conceptualizing and
modeling social-ecological systems (SES; also called human environmental systems)
• develop an understanding of rationale and suitability of different approaches to analyzing SES
and their implications for governance of SES
•
•
•
•
get hands on experience with several conceptualization and modeling approaches for the study of
social-ecological systems
get an overview of land use modelling approaches at different scales
get an understanding of interactions between biophysical and economic processes
become familiar with climate change impacts on agriculture as well as options for adaptation and
mitigation
Content of the Teaching Module
Social-ecological systems (SESs) are nested, multi-level interlinked systems of humans and nature that
provide essential resources to society such as food, fiber, energy and water. Neo-classical economic
theory suggests that these systems can only be maintained through privatization or government regulation.
The work of Elinor Ostrom, however, has shown that under certain circumstances these systems are
maintained without government intervention through self-organized cooperation of local communities.
Regarding the specific circumstances under which self-organization occurs, however, no simple general
answer can be given as it depends on many characteristics of the involved actors, resources, technology
and institutions.
Part 1 of the module introduces to the in –depth analysis of coupled SESs with a specific focus on the
SES framework developed by Elinor Ostrom. We introduce this framework and compare it to
complimentary approaches for studying SESs such as resilience thinking and complex systems as well as
“classical” approaches from ecology and resource economics, which focus on particular aspects of SESs.
We also explore various modelling techniques such as formalization, ontologies, system dynamics and
agent-based modelling that may be applied for understanding the structure and dynamics of SESs. The
different conceptualizations and modeling techniques will be introduced in lectures and then applied by
students in practical exercises using a set of prototypical cases.
Part 2 of the module will cover human land use for agriculture, forestry and other purposes, which is an
important example of an SES and provides a crucial link between social and environmental processes.
Quantitative computer modelling can help to understand land use change processes and related trade-offs
between competing societal goals. Part 2 provides an overview of land use modelling approaches at
different spatial scales. A focus will be on the link between economic processes and biophysical
processes. It will be shown how these models can be applied to analyse climate impacts on agriculture as
well as options for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Important aspects to discuss are
technological change, land expansion, water scarcity, international trade, and bioenergy demand and
supply. The conceptual presentation in the lecture will be complemented by practical exercises in
mathematical programming with GAMS.
Desirable Preconditions
(1) Corresponding the level of a master programme, sufficient knowledge in the areas of economics
and scientific analysis are required, in common pool resource theory desirable. In ecology and
resource economics knowledge at the level of a bachelor degree is expected.
(2) A sufficient number of participants is necessary for group work on case studies and models.
(3) For modeling exercises in Part 2 students should bring, if possible, their own notebook computer.
The procedure will be discussed in the first lecture (03 Nov 2014).
Procedure
The teaching module is split into the two parts.
Part 1 focuses on social-ecological systems analysis and consists of four blocks:
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Concepts, models and formalization
The Ostrom SES framework
Economic and ecological frameworks and models
Complex adaptive systems and resilience thinking
The aim is to get familiar with different conceptualizations of social-ecological systems and methods for
their analysis. We will discuss how other frameworks from disciplinary or interdisciplinary backgrounds
relate to the SES framework. We will also conduct several exercises to get hands on experiences with the
different frameworks and methods of analysis (empirical, computer modeling, etc.). Each block includes
•
•
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Preparation of the block by all participants by reading the relevant literature which will be
provided ahead of time
A lecture on the conceptual background, frameworks and methods
Group work on applying the frameworks and methods to specific case studies in the afternoon
Part 2 focuses on land use modeling of climate change impacts. A range of modeling tools at different
scales will be presented in the lecture. Application to seven different topics will be discussed (see Table of
Contents below). Between the lectures practical exercises with a small economic simulation model in
GAMS will be conducted.
Students’ contribution to the module
Students are expected to contribute to the module in the following way:
• Active participation in all blocks of the teaching module. This includes reading the relevant
literature in advance of the lectures and course discussions.
• Active participation in the group work and presentation of results
• Participation in two oral exams at the end of Part 1 and Part 2 of the teaching module.
Information on the examination
Part 1: Examination consists of two parts: (1) preparation of a presentation of small group work related to
different conceptualizations and analysis of SES; (2) presentation of the work to the whole group and
response to questions. The presentation should be in English. Two thirds of the grade received at the end
of the course results from the presentation and one third from the answers to questions. Please note those
group members who have successfully participated in the preparation of the presentation will be included
in the grading.
Part 2: There will be an oral exam (30 min) at the end of the teaching module in February 2014. The date
will be announced on moodle.
Preparing for the examination
Preparing for the final oral examination is facilitated by means of the lectures and exercises.
Resources
All course material will be made available on moodle.
Moodle
A precondition for the participation in the course is the subscription to the internet platform “Moodle”. All
information will be provided on this platform. The course is online at
https://moodle.hu-berlin.de/course/view.php?id=67153
A key word will be provided in the first lecture. Note that participation is limited to 30 students. More
information is available in the guidelines for “Information for Moodle Registration”.
Office hours
Part 1: After classes and upon agreement.
Part 2: After classes and upon agreement: Prof. Dr. Hermann Lotze-Campen: If you want to make an
appointment, please contact [email protected] or Gabriele Götz, Prof. Lotze-Campen’s
secretary at PIK. Phone: 0331-288 2637, email: [email protected].
Human-Environmental Systems Interaction
Part (1): Social-ecological Systems Analysis
Time Table – Part 1
Topic
Area
Date
3 Feb. 2017 (14:00-18:00)
10 Feb. 2017 (14:0018:00)
17 Feb. 2017 (14:0018:00)
18 Feb. 2017 (10:0017:00)
A
B
C
Sec
tion
Subject
1
Lecture: Introduction to social-ecological systems analysis
2
Hands-on exercises: rich pictures
1
Lecture: Introduction to system dynamics
2
Hands-on exercises: Causal loop diagrams
1
Lecture: Introduction to institutional analysis of SES
2
Exercise: SES framework
1
Lecture: Introduction to approaches from economics and
ecology
2
Hands-on exercises: Ecosystem-based management and
food-web analysis
1
Lecture: Complex adaptive systems
2
Hands-on exercises: Agent-based modeling
D
E
19 Feb. 2017 (10:0014:00)
tbd
Lecture: Introduction to Resilience Thinking
F
Exercise: Resilience Principles
G
1
Final Discussion
G
2
Oral Exams
Table of Contents – Part 1
Topic area A. Analysis of social ecological systems
1. Lecture: Introduction to social-ecological systems analysis
◦
Research Approach, relevance of research question
◦
Model conceptualization and model building process
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Formalization
◦
Structure versus behavior/dynamics of a system
2. Hands-on exercise: Rich pictures
In this session we will work in small groups to build conceptual models of the three SES case studies that
will be used throughout the course. These are:
◦ African arid agriculture
◦ Maine lobster fishery
◦ Agriculture and fisheries in the Amudarya river basin, Central Asia
We expect that all students will have familiarized themselves with these three cases by reading
the introductory papers on the three cases studies and further sources.
Topic area B: System dynamics
1. Lecture: Introduction to system dynamics and causal-loop-diagrams
◦
System dynamics
◦
Causal loops diagrams
◦ Feedbacks
2. Hands-on exercise
In this exercise we will conceptualize the same SESs that we have previously conceptualized, but this
time using causal-loop-diagrams. What do we gain? What do we lose?
Topic area C. Institutional economics and the Ostrom SES framework
1. Lecture: Institutional economics and the Ostrom SES framework
◦ Framework, theory, model
◦
History: from Hardin's tragedy of the commons to understanding institutional diversity
◦
Action situations
◦
Resource systems and resource units
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Explaining self-organization through variables of the SES framework
◦
Future developments
2. Hands-on exercise
In this exercise we will conceptualize the same SESs that we have previously conceptualized using
causal-loop-diagrams, but this time using the SES Framework of Ostrom. Which variables of the SES
framework help us to explain which outcomes? What do we gain? What do we lose?
Topic Area D: Approaches from economics and ecology
1. Lecture: Introduction
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•
•
•
•
•
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Concepts and Methods from resource economics
Ecosystems as input to production processes
Bio-economics: efficient allocation of renewable resources
Concepts and Methods from ecology
Humans as disturbance to ecosystems
Ecosystem services
Ecosystem-based management
Food-web analysis
2. Hands-on exercise
In this exercise we will conceptualize and design a research approach for the same SESs as before from
an ecosystem-based management perspective. What are important food-web interactions and socioeconomic tradeoffs?
Topic Area E: Complex Systems Approaches
1. Lecture: Complex-adaptive systems (CAS)
◦
History of complexity research
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Characteristics of CAS, Computational and real world examples of CAS
◦
Methods to study CAS, particularly agent-based modeling
2. Hands-on exercise: Agent-based modelling
In this exercise we will analyze several computational models of SES (ready models in Netlogo) to get an
understanding of complex adaptive systems dynamics and the impact of heterogeneities and structure on
outcomes.
Topic Area F: Resilience Thinking
1. Lecture: Resilience Thinking
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•
•
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Social-ecological systems as CAS, humans embedded in ecosystems, human influence at and
across all scales (Anthropocene)
Adaptation and transformation
Challenges for governance of SES as CAS
Seven principles for enhancing resilience
2. Hands-on exercise: Resilience Principles
In this exercise we will conceptualize the SES case studies using a CAS/resilience thinking perspective
and apply the resilience principles to identify ways to enhance the resilience of the SES.
G Comparison of Approaches, Questions & Answers
In this session we will reflect on what we have learned so far, compare the different approaches presented
in the course and discuss their potentials and limitations.
H Oral Exam
The final oral exam will consist of the presentation of small group projects and responses to questions by
the lecturers.
Readings – Part 1
Topic Area A: Social ecological system analyses
• Berkes, F. and C. Folke, 1998. Linking social and ecological systems for resilience and
sustainability. In Linking social and ecological systems: Management practices and social
mechanisms for building resilience, pages 1–24. Cambridge University Press.
• Case studies:
◦
Marine Lobster: Acheson, J., and R. Gardner. 2011. The evolution of the Maine lobster Vnotch practice: cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma game. Ecology and Society 16(1): 41.
URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss1/art41/
◦
Sahel: Morimore 2010: Adapting to drought in the Sahel: lessons for climate change.
WIREs Climate Change. Volume 1.
◦
Aral see: Roll et. al. Experience and Lessons Learned Brief.
Topic Area B: System dynamics and causal loop diagrams
• Sterman J. D., 1992. System Dynamics Modeling: Tools for Learning in a complex world.
California Management Review 43(4).
Topic Area C: Institutional economics and the Ostrom SES framework
• Garrett Hardin, G., 1968. The Tragedy of the Commons, Science 162: 1243-1248
• Ostrom, E., 2007. A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences 104(39):15181.
• Hinkel, J., M. C. Cox, M. Schlüter, C. Binder, and T. Falk (2015). A diagnostic procedure for
applying the SES framework in diverse cases. In: Ecology and Society 20.1, p. 32. doi:
10.5751/ES-_07023-_200132.
Topic Area D: Approaches from economy and ecology
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•
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Crépin, A.-S., 2007. Using Fast and Slow Processes to Manage Resources with Thresholds.
Environmental and Resource Economics 36, 191–213. doi:10.1007/s10640-006-9029-8
Pikitch, E. K., C. Santora, E. A. Babcock, A. Bakun, R. Bonfil, D. O. Conover, P. Dayton, et al.
2004. “Ecosystem-based Fishery Management.” Science 305 (5682): 346–347
Lindegren, M., Möllmann, C., Nielsen, A., Stenseth, N.C., 2009. Preventing the collapse of the
Baltic cod stock through an ecosystem-based management approach. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences 106, 14722–14727.
Topic Area F: Complex Systems Approaches
• Levin, S.A. et al. 2013. Social - ecological systems as complex adaptive systems: Modeling and
policy implications. Environment and Development Economics, 18(2): 111-132
• Page, S.E., 2015. What Sociologists Should Know About Complexity. Annual Review of
Sociology 41, 21–41. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112230
• Farmer, J.D., Foley, D., 2009. The economy needs agent-based modelling. Nature 460, 685–686.
Topic Area E: Resilience Thinking
• Folke, C., Carpenter, S.R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T., Rockstr\öm, J., 2010. Resilience
thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society 15, 20.
• Biggs, R., Schlüter, M., Biggs, D., Bohensky, E.L., BurnSilver, S., Cundill, G., Dakos, V., Daw,
T.M., Evans, L.S., Kotschy, K., Leitch, A.M., Meek, C., Quinlan, A., Raudsepp-Hearne, C.,
Robards, M.D., Schoon, M.L., Schultz, L., West, P.C., 2012. Toward Principles for Enhancing the
Resilience of Ecosystem Services. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 37, 421–448.
doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-051211-123836
Human-Environmental Systems Interaction
Part (2): Land Use Modelling of Climate Change Impacts
Time Table – Part 2
Date
Section
Subject
31.10.2016
1
Introduction to different modeling approaches for land use change and
climate impact assessments
07.11.2016
2
Linking economic models and biophysical models for integrated assessments
14.11.2016
3
Technological change, land expansion and international trade
21.11.2016
4
Climate impacts and adaptation options in agriculture
28.11.2016
5
Agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options
05.12.2016
6
The interaction between agriculture and the energy sector
12.12.2016
7
Water and nutrients
09.01.2017
E1
GAMS Programming Exercise
16.01.2017
E2
GAMS Programming Exercise
23.01.2017
E3
GAMS Programming Exercise
30.01.2017
E4
GAMS Programming Exercise
06.02.2017
E5
GAMS Programming Exercise
13.02.2017
E6
GAMS Programming Exercise [if possible, shifted to 19.12.2016]
Table of Contents – Part 2
1. Introduction to different modeling approaches for land use change and climate impact assessments
1.1. What is the use of computer models?
1.2. From conceptual models to applied models
1.3. Different modeling approaches for Sustainability Impact Assessments
1.4. Land use modeling approaches at different spatial scales
2. Linking economic models and biophysical models for integrated assessments
2.1. What is “integrated assessment”?
2.2. Important biophysical modeling approaches
2.3. Important economic modeling approaches
2.4. Challenges in linking models from different disciplines (spatial scales, time scales, thematic
scales)
3. Technological change, land expansion and international trade
3.1. An overview of major drivers of land use change (human demand for food, feed, wood, fuels,
nature conservation)
3.2. Different representations of agricultural land expansion in land use models
3.3. Different representations of technological change in land use models
3.4. Different representations of international trade in land use models
4. Climate impacts and adaptation options in agriculture
4.1. An overview of direct climate impacts on agricultural crop and livestock production
4.2. Major adaptation options at different scales (production technologies, insurance, trade)
4.3. From biophysical impacts to socio-economic damages
4.4. How to deal with uncertainty?
5. Agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options
5.1. Contribution of agriculture and land use change to global greenhouse gas emissions (carbon
dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane)
5.2. Measuring and modeling land-use-related emissions
5.3. Major mitigation options at different scales
5.4. Future scenarios on emissions from agriculture and land-use change
6. The interaction between agriculture and the energy sector
6.1. Modeling the future energy mix
6.2. Policy instruments for climate change mitigation
6.3. Future scenarios on bioenergy demand
6.4. Modeling the interface between agriculture and the energy sector
7. Water and nutrients
7.1. Water availability and constraints for agricultural production
7.2. An overview of important nutrient cycles
7.3. Measuring and modeling agricultural demand for water and nutrients
7.4. Future scenarios on agricultural demand for water and nutrients
8. Practical exercises in mathematical programming with GAMS
Literature – Part 2
Dinar, A., Mendelsohn, R. (eds.) (2011): Handbook on Climate Change in Agriculture. Edward Elgar,
Cheltenham, UK.
Easterling,W. E., Aggarwal, P. K., Batima, P., Brander, K. M., Erda, L., Howden, S. M., Kirilenko, A.,
Morton, J., Soussana, J.-F., Schmidhuber, J., and Tubiello, F. N. (2007): Food, fibre and forest products.
In: Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F., Palutikof, J. P., van der Linden, P. J. and Hanson, C. E. (eds.) Climate
Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, pp.273 –313. Cambridge,
University Press, Cambridge, UK. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5.html
Edenhofer, O., Wallacher, J., Lotze-Campen, H., Reder, M., Knopf, B., Müller, J. (eds) (2012): Climate
Change, Justice and Sustainability - Linking Climate and Development Policy.
http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/earth+system+sciences/book/978-94-007-45391
Leimbach, M., Popp, A., Lotze-Campen, H., Bauer, N., Dietrich, J.P., Klein, D. (2011): Integrated
assessment models - the interplay of climate change, agriculture, and land use in a policy tool. In: Dinar,
A., Mendelsohn, R. (eds.): Handbook on Climate Change in Agriculture. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.
(Chapter 10)
Lotze-Campen, H., Schellnhuber, H.J. (2009): Climate impacts and adaptation options in agriculture:
what we know and what we don't know. Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit
(Journal for Consumer Protection and Food Safety) 4: 145-150. doi: 10.1007/s00003-009-0473-6 [ISI]
Michetti, M. (2012): Modelling Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry in Climate Change: A Review
of Major Approaches. FEEM Working Paper No. 46.2012. Free download:
http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4916&sez=Publications&padre=73
Yadav, S.S., Redden, R., Hatfield, J.S., Lotze-Campen, H., Hall, A. (eds.) (2011): Crop adaptation to
climate change. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.
Readings – Part 2
1. Introduction to different modeling approaches for land use change and climate impact assessments
• Lotze-Campen, H. (2008): The role of modelling tools in Integrated Sustainability Assessment
(ISA). International Journal for Innovation and Sustainable Development 317(1/2): 70-92.
• Michetti, M. (2012): Modelling Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry in Climate
Change: A Review of Major Approaches. FEEM Working Paper No. 46.2012. Free download:
http://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=4916&sez=Publications&padre=73
2. Linking economic models and biophysical models for integrated assessments
• Leimbach, M., Popp, A., Lotze-Campen, H., Bauer, N., Dietrich, J.P., Klein, D. (2011):
Integrated assessment models - the interplay of climate change, agriculture, and land use in a
•
•
policy tool. In: Dinar, A., Mendelsohn, R. (eds.): Handbook on Climate Change in Agriculture.
Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. (Chapter 10)
Lotze-Campen, H., Müller, C., Bondeau, A., Rost, S., Popp, A., Lucht, W. (2008): Global food
demand, productivity growth and the scarcity of land and water resources: a spatially explicit
mathematical programming approach. Agricultural Economics 39(3): 325-338. doi:
10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00336.x [ISI]
Bondeau, A., Smith, P.C., Zaehle, S., Schaphoff, S., Lucht, W., Cramer, W., Gerten, D., LotzeCampen, H., Müller, C., Reichstein, M., Smith, B. (2007): Modelling the role of agriculture
for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance. Global Change Biology 13(3): 679-709,
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01305.x
3. Technological change, land expansion and international trade
• Schmitz, C., Biewald, A., Lotze-Campen, H., Popp, A., Dietrich, J.P., Bodirsky, B., Krause,
M., Weindl, I. (2012): Trading more Food - Implications for Land Use, Greenhouse Gas
Emissions, and the Food System. Global Environmental Change 22(1): 189–209.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.013
• Dietrich, J.P., Schmitz, C., Müller, C., Fader, M., Lotze-Campen, H., Popp, A. (2012):
Measuring agricultural land-use intensity - A global analysis using a model-assisted approach.
Ecological Modelling 232: 109-118.
4. Climate impacts and adaptation options in agriculture
• Easterling,W. E., Aggarwal, P. K., Batima, P., Brander, K. M., Erda, L., Howden, S. M.,
Kirilenko, A., Morton, J., Soussana, J.-F., Schmidhuber, J., and Tubiello, F. N. (2007): Food,
fibre and forest products. In: Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F., Palutikof, J. P., van der Linden, P. J.
and Hanson, C. E. (eds.) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.
Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, pp.273 –313. Cambridge, University Press, Cambridge, UK.
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5.html
• Lotze-Campen, H., Schellnhuber, H.J. (2009): Climate impacts and adaptation options in
agriculture: what we know and what we don't know. Journal für Verbraucherschutz und
Lebensmittelsicherheit (Journal for Consumer Protection and Food Safety) 4: 145-150. doi:
10.1007/s00003-009-0473-6 [ISI]
5. Agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options
• Popp, A., Lotze-Campen, H., Bodirsky, B. (2010): Food consumption, diet shifts and
associated non-CO2 greenhouse gases from agricultural production. Global Environmental
Change 20: 451–462. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.02.001 [ISI]
• Smith, P., D. Martino, Z. Cai, D. Gwary, H. Janzen, P. Kumar, B. McCarl, S. Ogle, F. O’Mara,
C. Rice, B. Scholes, O. Sirotenko, 2007: Agriculture. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation.
Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change [B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R. Dave, L.A. Meyer (eds)],
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter8.pdf
6. The interaction between agriculture and the energy sector
• Popp, A., Dietrich, J.P., Lotze-Campen, H., Klein, D., Bauer, N., Krause, M., Beringer, T.,
Gerten, D., Edenhofer, O. (2011): The economic potential of bioenergy for climate change
mitigation with special attention given to implications for the land system. Environ. Res. Lett.
6 (2011) 034017
Free download: http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/6/034017
• Leimbach, M., Popp, A., Lotze-Campen, H., Bauer, N., Dietrich, J.P., Klein, D. (2011):
Integrated assessment models - the interplay of climate change, agriculture, and land use in a
policy tool. In: Dinar, A., Mendelsohn, R. (eds.): Handbook on Climate Change in Agriculture.
Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. (Chapter 10)
7. Water and nutrients
• Bodirsky, B. L., Popp, A., Weindl, I., Dietrich, J. P., Rolinski, S., Scheiffele, L., Schmitz, C.,
and Lotze-Campen, H. (2012): Current state and future scenarios of the global agricultural
nitrogen cycle, Biogeosciences Discuss., 9, 2755-2821, http://www.biogeosciencesdiscuss.net/9/2755/2012/
• Füssel, H.-M., Heinke, J., Popp, A., Gerten, D. 2012: Climate change and water supply. In:
Edenhofer, O., Wallacher, J., Lotze-Campen, H., Reder, M., Knopf, B., Müller, J. (Eds.):
Climate Change, Justice and Sustainability – Linking Climate and Development Policy, 19–
32. Springer
8. Practical exercises in mathematical programming with GAMS
• A GAMS Tutorial by Richard E. Rosenthal
http://www.gams.com/dd/docs/gams/Tutorial.pdf