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POGIL09 Page 1 of 5
POGIL EXERCISE 09
How Are Acids Named?
Each member should assume his or her role at this time. The new manager takes
charge of the POGIL folder and hands out the GRF and RRF to the appropriate
members. The new recorder should record the names of the group members on the
new GRF.
Table 1. Group Member Role Assignments
GROUP TYPE ->
GROUPS OF THREE
MEMBER NO. ->
1
2
3
Manager
+
Reporter
+
Recorder
+
Reflector
+
Technician
Encourager
+
*
SFUC
+
1
GROUPS OF FOUR
2
3
+
+
4
+
+
+
+
*
OBSERVATION I: This observation is a Power Point introduction to this POGIL. It can be
accessed on line later via the course website. Please take notes on the back of this sheet.
The manager should direct the group to begin processing as soon as possible after the
end of the presentation.
OBSERVATION II: Acids are ionic compounds that produce a hydrogen ion when placed
in water. Equation 1 is a general ionization equation for this process:
EQ1:
HX  H+ + X-
For example: HCl  H+ + Cl-
Immediately after formation, the hydrogen ion reacts with a water molecule to form the
hydronium ion. This reaction is described by Equation 2. Therefore, the hydrogen ion
EQ2: H+ + H2O  H3O+
does not actually exist in nature; however, it is easier and more convenient to use the
hydrogen ion and so in this course we will use the hydrogen ion instead of the
hydronium ion wherever needed but you still need to understand that H+ = H3O+.
A way that acids are classified is by how many hydrogen ions they produce when
ionized. This is easily determined by the subscript applied to hydrogen in the acid
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formula. Those acids that produce only one hydrogen ion are called monoprotic; those
that produce two hydrogen ions are called diprotic; and those that that produce three
hydrogen ions are known as triprotic.
1. Why do we use the H+ symbol instead of the H3O+ symbol to indicate acid production
even though technically it represents a nonexistent item?
2. Classify the acids in Table 4 (Page 5) by writing their formula in the proper column below:
MONOPROTIC
DIPROTIC
TRIPROTIC
___ACID_____
__ACID__
___ACID___
3. What correlation is there between the number of hydrogen ions produced and the
charge of the anion?
4. Look at the formula of each acid listed in Table 2. What is the common feature in all
the formulas?
5. Complete Column 3 of Table 2 by writing the ionization equations for each of the
acids using Rows 1 & 2 as examples.
Recorders should present these responses to instructor for validation.
OBSERVATION III: Since almost all acid formulas begin with H, it would be cumbersome
for all their names to begin with hydrogen. The naming of the acids begins with the
recognition of the name and type of anion in the formula of the acid. This is precisely
the reason why acid names are based on the anion (X in Equation 1) of the compound.
A useful tool in naming acids is recognizing whether an acid is a binary acid or tertiary.
Binary acids are acids that are composed of hydrogen and one other element; e.g., HI
(hydroiodic acid). Tertiary acids are those composed of hydrogen and oxyanions such
as sulfate, nitrate, and chlorite ions.
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Table 2. Names, Formulas and Ionization Equations of Selected Inorganic Acids.
Name
Formula
Ionization Equation
HCl  H+ + ClHydrochloric acid
HCl
H2SO4  2 H+ + SO4-2
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
Hypochlorous Acid
HClO
Chlorous acid
HClO2
Chloric Acid
HClO3
Perchloric Acid
HClO4
Hydrobromic acid
HBr
Phosphorous Acid
H3PO3
6. For each acid listed in Table 3, write in Column 2 of Table 3 the name the anion that
is produced in the ionization process as illustrated in Row 1 of Table 3. Notice as you
fill in these columns the relationship between the anion type and the name of the
acid.
Table 3. Correlation of Acid Name with Anion Name
Acid
Anion Name
Acid Type
Formula
Root
Suffix
(Binary/Tertiary)
HCl
hydrochlor
ide
binary
HClO
HClO2
HClO3
HClO4
H2S
H3PO3
H2SO4
Acid
Name
Hydrochloric acid
ite
Hypochlorous acid
ate
Chlorous acid
Chloric acid
Perchloric acid
Hydrosulfuric acid
Phosphorous acid
Sulfuric acid
At this time the instructor will present a Power Point presentation to help you in
processing the remaining items. Please take notes on the back of this sheet.
7. Describe the relationship between the name of the anion and the name of the acid?
8. What are the formulas for the binary acids in Table 3?
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__________________________
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9. Assuming that all binary acids are named in the same way, write a rule for naming
binary acids.
10. Using your rule write the name for the following acids:
a. HF
_________________________________
b. H3P
_________________________________
Submit your responses to Items 7-10 to instructor for validation.
11.What are the formulas of the acids containing the oxyanions whose names end in ite?
________________________
__________________________
________________________
12. Assuming that all acids of this type are named the same way, write a rule for the
naming of all compounds of this type.
13. Using the rule in Item 12, name the following acids using your rule:
a. HIO
_________________________________
b. HFO2
_________________________________
Submit your responses to Items 11-13 to instructor for validation.
14. What are the formulas of the acids containing the oxyanions with names end in ate?
________________________
__________________________
________________________
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15. Assuming that all acids of this type are named the same way write a rule on the back
of this sheet for the naming of all compounds of this type.
16. Using the rule in Item 15, name the following acids:
a. HMnO4
_________________________________
b. HIO3
_________________________________
17. On the back of this sheet draw a concept map beginning with the box, ALL ACIDS,
that when followed and learned, will guide you to properly naming acids.
Submit your responses to Items 14-17 to instructor for validation.
18. Using your diagram, name the acids in Table 4.
Table4. Correlation of New Acid Names with Anion Names
Acid
Anion Name
Formula
Root
Suffix
HBr
brom
ide
Acid
Name
hydrobromic acid
H2SO4
HIO
HCN
HBrO2
H2CO3
HCl
H3PO3
HClO4
HF
HNO3
CH3COOH
H2SO3
H3PO4
HNO2
HBrO4
Recorders should present your Table 4 entries to the instructor for validation.
EXERCISE END. Recorders should present their copy of this exercise to the instructor for
validation. The instructor will initial the Recorder’s Report to indicate approval. Managers
should collect the GRF and RRF, paper-clip them together, and place them the left pocket of
the folder. The folder should be closed and left on the table.
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