AS
HISTORY
Unit 2N Anti-Semitism, Hitler and the German People, 1919–1945
Wednesday 25 May 2016
Afternoon
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 12-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is HIS2N.
• Answer two questions.
Answer Question 1 and either Question 2 or Question 3.
Answer both parts of each question chosen.
• In answering the questions you must use your own knowledge and understanding of the period.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 72.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about 45 minutes on each question.
IB/M/Jun16/E2
HIS2N
2
Answer Question 1 and either Question 2 or Question 3.
Each question has two parts. Answer both parts of each question chosen.
Question 1
Study the following source material and then answer the questions which follow.
Source A
The population was rather indifferent to the boycott in April 1933 and sometimes
even determined to go on buying in ‘Jewish’ stores. According to the Nazis’ own
newspaper, some shoppers tried to enter a Jewish-owned store by force. In
Munich, repeated announcements concerning the forthcoming boycott resulted
in brisk business in Jewish-owned stores during the last days of March. The
5
public didn’t know how long the boycott would last, and the Nazi newspaper
complained about, ‘the lack of sense among that part of the population which
forced its hard-earned money into the hands of enemies of the people and
cunning slanderers’. On 1 April, the day of the boycott, onlookers were passive
but in no way showed the hostility to the ‘enemies of the people’ that the party
10
had expected.
Adapted from Saul Friedländer, Nazi Germany and the Jews, The Years of
Persecution 1933–1939, Volume 1, 1997
Source B
How did Germans react to the boycott? One Jew recounts that a few Germans
defiantly expressed their solidarity with the Jews. Yet such protests were not
very common. The general attitude of the public was reflected in an incident
which occurred at a chemist’s shop. A lady, accompanied by two uniformed
Nazis, brought back some goods she had bought several days before and
5
demanded her money back, stating ‘I don’t want to buy anything off Jews’. Here
was the sight of the German people, organised by the German state, collectively
boycotting an entire group of German citizens, because they believed the
German Jews were in league with foreign Jews who were harming Germany.
Adapted from Daniel Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners: the Germans and
the Holocaust, 1996
Source C
The radicalisation of anti-Jewish policies by the Nazi regime can hardly be said
to have been the result of the strong demands from popular opinion.
Anti-Semitism led in 1935 and 1938 to a drop in support for the Nazi Party,
which might even have reduced Hitler’s own popularity had he been seen to
have supported the radicals. Popular opinion was largely indifferent towards the 5
Jews. What little anti-Jewish feeling there was amongst the people was
bolstered by propaganda. Indifference provided the climate within which
spiralling Nazi aggression towards Jews was not stopped. German people did
not demand radical anti-Semitic policy.
Adapted from Ian Kershaw, Hitler, The Germans, and the Final Solution, 2008
IB/M/Jun16/HIS2N
3
0
1
Use Sources A and B and your own knowledge.
Explain how far the views in Source B differ from those in Source A in relation to the
boycott of Jewish businesses in April 1933.
[12 marks]
and
0
2
Use Sources A, B and C and your own knowledge.
How successful were the Nazis in promoting anti-Semitism among the German people
in the years 1933 to 1938?
[24 marks]
Either
Question 2
0
3
Explain why right-wing groups had strongly anti-Semitic views in the years after the
First World War.
[12 marks]
4
‘German Jews were fully assimilated into society during the Weimar Republic.’
and
0
Explain why you agree or disagree with this view.
[24 marks]
or
Question 3
0
5
Explain why the Reich Office for Jewish Emigration was created in January 1939.
[12 marks]
6
‘Jews in occupied western Europe and Germany were treated much less harshly than
Jews in occupied eastern Europe in the years 1939 to 1945.’
and
0
Explain why you agree or disagree with this view.
END OF QUESTIONS
IB/M/Jun16/HIS2N
[24 marks]
4
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IB/M/Jun16/HIS2N