Experimental Studies of the Proton-induced
Activation Cross-sections on Tantalum
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Uddin M. S., Hagiwara M., Kawata N., Itoga
T., Hirabayashi N., Baba M., Tarkanyi F.,
Ditroi F., Csikai J.
CYRIC annual report
2002
145-147
2002
http://hdl.handle.net/10097/50208
CYRIC Annual Report 2002
V. 2. Experimental Studies of the Proton-induced Activation
Cross-sections on Tantalum
Uddin M. S., Hagiwara M., Kawata N., Itoga T., Hirabayashi N., and Baba M. Tarkanyi F.*, Ditroi F.*,
and Csikai J.**
Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary*
Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary**
Introduction
Data on activation reaction are required for development of neutron source and
accelerator-driven system (ADS) for transmutation of nuclear waste or energy-production.
Measurement of medium energy activation cross-sections is most important in the
estimation of the production yield, monitoring of the hot-cell procedure and an evaluation
of isotopic interferences.
radioactive wastes.
It is required for the radiation safety and estimation of
Activation cross-sections of Ta+p reactions are of interest for
evaluation of radioactivity around accelerators because tantalum is used in various parts of
accelerators, for production of medical radioisotopes (178W/178Ta, 172Hf/172Lu, 177Lu, etc).
Despite of the importance of the Ta+p reaction only a very few cross-section
measurements were published in the literature1-6). Besides the published data are very
contradictory to each other and to the results of the theoretical calculations.
The
predictions of model calculations are unreliable. The data status is quiet unsatisfactory.
In view of these considerations, the present work was undertaken to obtain new and
reliable excitation functions and thick target integral yields of the proton-induced reactions
on tantalum target in the energy range 28-69 MeV. The cross-sections were also calculated
theoretically using the Monte Carlo code, NMTC/JAM (PHITS)7) and compared with the
experimental data.
Experimental techniques
The excitation functions were obtained by employing a stacked target techniques.
The stacked Ta foils and Cu and Al monitor foils of natural isotopic compositions were
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irradiated by a 70 MeV collimated proton beam using the k=110 MeV AVF Cyclotron at
CYRIC.
The stacks were made of aluminum, tantalum, copper, titanium, iron, platinum,
palladium and zinc. Each stack consists of six different types of the above metallic target
foils.
Two experiments were taken place in the same experimental conditions.
The
stacked samples were brought instantly into the irradiation place by an automated transfer
system newly designed at CYRIC.
It was necessary to ensure that equal areas of the
monitor and the target foils intercepted the beam.
The irradiation geometry used
guaranteed that practically the whole entering beam passed through every foil.
The activities of the produced radionuclides were measured nondestructively by a
high resolution HPGe γ-ray detector by coupling with a 4096 multi-channel analyzer.
Before the measurement, irradiated foils were sorted into polyethylene bags to avoid
radioactive contamination.
The efficiency versus energy curve of the detector was
determined experimentally using standard gamma-ray point sources with known strength,
152
Eu,
133
Ba,
241
Am,
60
Co and
137
EGS4 Monte Carlo Code8).
experimental values.
Cs.
We also calculated the detector efficiency using the
The theoretically obtained efficiencies agreed with
The proton energy degradation along the stack was determined using
the computer program TRIM9).
We measured the beam intensity and cross-sections using
the well-known activation formulae.
standard monitor reactions
27
The proton beam intensity was determined via the
22,24
Al(p,x)
Na and
nat
Cu(p,x)56Co,62,65Zn.
The cross-sections
were deduced for the production of 175,176,177,180Ta, 173,175Hf, 178W and 179Lu residual nucleus
from 28 to 69 MeV bombarding energies.
The thick target integral yields were determined
from the respective thresholds of the investigated nuclear reactions using the measured
cross-sections as a function of proton energy.
The data were corrected for the
coincidence-summing effect caused by the coincidence detection of two or more gamma
rays by using the SUMECC code10).
Results and discussion
The detector efficiency versus energy curve is the most important to give reliable
cross-sections.
During determination of the efficiency curve, it was found that the number
of gamma-lines of the available standard sources were not sufficient in the lower energy
region.
Therefore, we have to use more standard gamma-ray point sources with sufficient
strength to obtain the most reliable efficiency curve in the lower energy region. Two
experiments took place in the same experimental conditions and resulted in reasonable
agreement.
The present experiment has given new data for all of the investigated reactions.
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The measured excitation functions only for
175
Ta production along with available literature
values and theoretically calculated values are shown in Fig. 1. In this case, our measured
data are consistent with the experimental values reported by C.L.Rao1, but not similar to the
theoretical calculations. Besides, we have observed the contradictory results between
MENDL and PHITS calculations.
Therefore, our newly measured cross-sections will
contribute to improve the statistical model code for reliable data calculations and allow to
produce the recommended data for practical purposes. The results of this work have
already been submitted to publish in the Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology11).
References
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(1994) 1.
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Radiat. Isot. 28 (1977) 533.
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6) Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data File (EXFOR), Data base last updated on Feb.25 (2003).
7) Iwase H., Niita K. and Nakamura T., J. Nucl. Scien. Tech. 39 (2002) 1142.
8) Nelson W.R., Hirayama H. and Regers D.W.O., EGS4 code system, SLAC-265, Stanford Linear
Accelerator Laboratory (1985).
9) Ziegler J.F., Biersack J. P. and Littmark U., “The stopping and range of ions in solids”, Pergamon,
New York (1984).
10) Torii A., Uwamino Y., Nakamura T., INS-T-468, Institute for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
(1987).
11) Uddin M.S., Hagiwara M., Kawata N., Itoga T., Hirabayashi N., Baba M., Tarkanyi F., Ditroi F.
and Csikai J., “Measurement of excitation functions of the proton – induced activation reactions
on tantalum in the energy range 28-70 MeV”, (2003) (submitted).
Fig. 1. Excitation functions of the 181Ta(p,x)175Ta reaction.
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