1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
I.
Tick (3) the most appropriate answer.
1. An instrument used for seeing distant objects is called :
(a) electroscope (b) endoscope (c) periscope (d) telescope
2. Discoveries in matter and energy are made by :
(a) economists (b) scientists (c) doctors (d) historians
3. A device which keeps you connected to the world anywhere is :
(a) cell phone (b) television (c) radar
(d) radio
4. The first step in scientific methods is :
(a) experimentation
(b) making a theory
(c) identifying a problem
(d) making a hypothesis
5. Radar uses :
(a) radio waves
(b) sound waves
(c) heat waves
(d) light waves
6. Systematic study of plants is called :
(a) Zoology (b) Chemistry (c) Physics
(d) Botany
7. Discoveries and inventions are made by a :
(a) judge
(b) principal (c) scientist (d) historian
8. When we throw a stone up in the air, it comes down due to :
(a) flotation (b) gravitation (c) magnetism (d) none of these
9. National Science Day in our country is celebrated on :
(a) 28th January
(b) 28th February
(c) 25th September
(d) 28th December
10. Usage of scientific methods by the farmers has led to a better
production of :
(a) clothes (b) crops
(c) houses
(d) none of these
11. A device by which we can see a cricket match is the :
(a) radio
(b) radar
(c) television (d) transistor
12. Discovery of the nuclear bomb has resulted in the :
(a) quick progress
(b) danger of a nuclear war
(c) immediate peace
(d) none of these
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13. The systematic study of matter and energy is called :
(a) Zoology (b) Chemistry (c) Physics
(d) Botany
14. If the length of a pendulum increases its time period will :
(a) decrease (b) remain same (c) increase (d) none of these
15. A theory is :
(a) the same as a hypothesis
(b) a rejected hypothesis
(c) an accepted (tested) hypothesis
(d) a hypothesis which has still not to be tested
Ans. 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b)
10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c)
II. Fill in the blanks.
1. Science which deals with the study of matter and energy, is
called __________ .
2. The first step in the study of phenomenon is __________ .
3. The word physics is taken from the Greek word __________ .
4. The discovery of electromagnetic waves, has made _________
much easier and faster.
5. __________ is a systematic study of things.
6. Laws of __________ have helped us to make rockets and
space ships.
7. Musical instruments give us the pleasure of __________ .
8. We can see far-off objects clearly with a device called ______ .
9. Science is the systematic knowledge gained by man through
__________ and __________ .
10. Once a hypothesis is proved to be correct, it becomes a ____ .
11. Discovery of __________ has made communication much
more easier and faster.
12. __________ are used for forecasting weather.
13. __________ are used to see very minute things clearly.
14. Science, which deals with the study of the composition of
matter, is called __________ .
15. The word science is derived from the latin word _______ .
16. _________ science deals with the phenomenon of living world.
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Ans. 1. Physics 2. careful observation 3. physikos 4. communications
5. Science 6. gravitation 7. sound 8. telescope 9. observation
and experimentation 10. theory 11. electromagnetic waves
12. Satellite 13. Microscopes 14. Chemistry 15. scire
16. Biological.
III. State true or false for each of the statement given below.
1. Physics is a branch of science which deals with living matter.
2. Nuclear radiation are highly dangerous to living beings.
3. Our senses cannot be sharpened by training.
4. We cannot obtain exact information by our senses.
5. A hypothesis is worked out by studying the reference material.
6. Electromagnetic waves have made communications very fast.
Ans. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. True.
IV. Statements given below are incorrect, write the correct
statements.
1. Zoology is the systematic study of matter and energy.
Ans. Zoology is the study of animals. (or, Physics is the systematic
study of matter and energy).
2. Radar is developed by understanding the principles of optics.
Ans. Radar is developed by using the principles of electromagnetic
waves.
3. We measure the temperature of a substance with a barometer.
Ans. We measure the temperature of a substance with a thermometer.
4. The hypothesis proved correct is generalised into observation.
Ans. The hypothesis proved correct is generalised into a law or
theory.
5. Physics is the systematic study of composition and behaviour
of matter.
Ans. Chemistry is the systematic study of composition and
behaviour of matter.
6. Internet is used for slow communications.
Ans. Internet is used for fast communications.
7. Botany is the systematic study of matter and energy.
Ans. Botany is the study of plants.
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8.
Ans.
9.
Ans.
10.
Ans.
Physical science is divided into — (a) Zoology and (b) Botany.
Physical science is divided into (a) Physics and (b) Chemistry.
Cruise ships are based on the principles of optics.
Cruise ships are based on the principles of mechanics and heat.
Radar is based on the principle of mechanics.
Radar is based on the principle of propagations of
electromagnetic waves in space and in matter.
11. An intelligent guess made from a phenomenon is called theory.
Ans. An intelligent guess made from a phenomenon is called
hypothesis.
12. Study of matter and energy is called chemistry.
Ans. Study of matter and energy is called physics.
13. Nuclear energy is safer than any other energy.
Ans. Nuclear energy is dangerous than any other energy.
14. Once a theory is proved correct, it becomes hypothesis.
Ans. Once a theory is proved correct, it becomes a law.
V. Which one is an odd term? Give a reason for your choice:
1. Chemistry, history, botany, zoology.
Ans. History: All except history are branches of science.
2. Microscope, periscope, cine projector, thermometer.
Ans. Thermometer: Except thermometer all others are gadgets
developed by using the principles of optics. Thermometer is an
instrument for measuring temperature.
3. Transistor, television, cell phone, washing machine.
Ans. Washing machine: All except washing machine, are gadgets
which use the electromagnetic waves.
4. Mechanics, heat, electricity, zoology.
Ans. Zoology: All except zoology are branches of physics. Zoology
is a branch of biological science.
5. X-rays, stethoscope, thermometer, telephone.
Ans. Telephone: All except telephone are instruments used to
diagnose diseases by doctors. Telephone is a means of
communication.
6. Microscope, stethoscope, telescope, spectacles.
Ans. Stethoscope: All except stethoscope are optical instruments.
Stethoscope is an instrument used by doctors.
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7. Radio, radar, washing machine, television.
Ans. Washing machine: All except washing machine are gadgets
which uses the electromagnetic waves.
8. Telescope, microscope, spectacles, thermometer.
Ans. Thermometer: All except thermometer are gadgets developed
by using principle of optics.
VI. Differentiate between the following.
1. Botany and zoology.
Ans. Botany is the systematic study of plants, whereas, zoology is
the systematic study of animals.
2. Physics and chemistry.
Ans. Physics is the branch of science that study the phenomena
which are taking place in matter and energy. Chemistry is the
branch of science that study the composition and behaviour of
matter.
3. Physical science and natural science.
Ans. Physical science is the study of non-living things. Natural
science is the study of living things.
4. Hypothesis and law.
Ans. Hypothesis is an intelligent guess based on the proper
observations made for the cause of a particular phenomenon.
Law is a theory supported by large number of experiments and
theoretical calculation.
VII. Give reasons for the following.
1. The library and the laboratory are helpful scientific aids.
Ans. The library provides all the relevant materials, like books,
magazines, encyclopedias, etc to collect the basic informations
about a phenomenon. It helps to make the intelligent guess i.e.
hypothesis.
The laboratory is helpful in designing many experiments to test
the phenomenon under various conditions. It helps the scientist
to make conclusions and generalisation.
2. Scientists try to find useful applications of the theory.
Ans. Scientists try to find useful applications of the theory to benefit
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the mankind. They are trying to comfort the human beings and
to make the life easier.
3. Invention of television has been beneficial to mankind.
Ans. Invention of television made communication easier and faster.
With the help of television we can see different things happen
in different parts of the world.
VIII. Define the following.
1. Natural science
Ans. Natural science: It is a branch of science which deals with the
study of living things i.e. plants and animals.
2. Science
Ans. Science: It is the systematic knowledge gained by man through
observation and experimentation.
3. Scientist
Ans. Scientist: Scientist is a person who is well versed in science
and engaged in scientific research.
4. Scientific method
Ans. Scientific method: The systematic method of acquiring
knowledge is called the scientific method.
5. Physics
Ans. Physics: It is the branch of physical science in which we study
the phenomenon that are taking place in matter and energy.
6. Chemistry
Ans. Chemistry: It is a branch of physical science in which we
study the composition and behaviour of matter.
IX. Answer these Questions.
1. What is Science? What are its two main classes?
Ans. Science is the systematic knowledge gained by man through
observation and experimentation. Its two main classes are:
(a) Physical science and (b) Natural science.
2. What do you understand by the term phenomenon?
Ans. The term phenomenon means any event which happens around
us, for example, falling of leaves on the ground, cooling of hot
water in a vessel etc.
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3. When does a hypothesis become a theory?
Ans. A hypothesis becomes a theory when it is proved by carefully
design experiments.
4. Name the five senses which we employ to study a phenomenon.
Ans. The five senses which we employ to study a phenomenon are
(i) sense of sight
(ii) sense of smell (iii) sense of taste
(iv) sense of touch and
(v) sense of hearing
5. Name any three modern modes of transportation. Which one is
the fastest among them?
Ans. Three modern modes of transportation are
(i) cars (ii) trains (iii) aeroplanes
Aeroplane is the fastest among them.
6. Name three problems which are yet to be solved by Physicists.
Ans. Three problems which are yet to be solved by physicists are
(i) to control the forces which produces, earthquakes,
typhoon, flood etc.
(ii) the problems of disposal of nuclear wastes which are
dangerous to the environment and human beings, and
(iii) to find the alternative sources of energy which are cheap
and non-polluting.
7. Mention the steps involved in the scientific method.
Ans. The steps involved in the scientific method are
(i) identifying the problem (ii) collecting basic information
(iii) working out a hypothesis
(iv) experimentation and observation
(v) conclusions and generalisation.
8. Name any three modes of communication which are used these
days.
Ans. Three modes of communication which are used these days are:
(i) television (ii) cell phone (iii) internet
9. Name two important applications of physics in our daily life.
Ans. Two important applications of physics in our daily life are:
(i) Communications: Telephones, internet etc.
(ii) Transportation: Trains, aeroplanes, ships etc.
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