STANDARD WHII.4c
The student will demonstrate knowledge of
the impact of the European Age of Discovery
and expansion into the Americas, Africa, and
Asia by
 c) explaining migration, settlement
patterns, cultural diffusion, and social
classes in the colonized areas.
WARM UP
 Use your notes
 List five people who came to the Americas
and explored during the “Age of Exploration”.
Essential Understandings
 Europeans migrated to new colonies in the
Americas, creating new cultural and social
patterns.
 Europeans established trading posts and
colonies in Africa and Asia.
 World-wide exploration led to many changes
in the world…
Affects In the Americas
 Many European nations claimed territory in
the Americas…
 Many people migrated to the New World
 Many colonies imitated the culture and social
patterns of their parent countries
Affects In the Americas
 Latin America (Caribbean and South America)
had a rigid class system and dictatorial rule
(strong leader ruling harshly)
Affects In the Americas
 Following their conquests, Spanish organized
themselves into “encomiendas”
Affects In the Americas
 Following their conquests, Spanish organized
themselves into “encomiendas”
Encomienda
Large plantation or ranch
Affects In the Americas
 Following their conquests, Spanish organized
themselves into “encomiendas”
Encomienda
Large plantation or ranch
Affects In the Americas
 Following their conquests, Spanish organized
themselves into “encomiendas”
 Native Americans were used as slaves
 When many of them died from diseases,
Africans were forcibly imported
Affects In the Americas
 This was called the “Encomienda System”
 It ended in a very rigid class system based on
where you were born and who your parents
were
Affects In the Americas
 This system ended in a very rigid class system
based on where you were born and who your
parents were
Affects In the Americas
Peninsulares – Person
born in Spain and living
in the New World
Affects In the Americas
Creole – Person with
Spanish born parents, but
born in the New World
Affects In the Americas
Mestizo – Person born with
mixed European and Native
American ancestry
Mulatto – Person born with
mixed European and African
ancestry
Affects In the Americas
Mostly slaves of the New
World
 After the defeat of
the Aztec and Inca,
Spain and Portugal
both begin
claiming land in
South America
 In some cases, they
both claim the
same land as their
own!
 Treaty of
Tordesillas –
 Spain and Portugal
agree to divide the
land at the 46°W
 Spain got all the
land to the West
 Portugal got all the
land to the East
 Spain also claims
land in most of the
Caribbean, Central
America, and the
Southwestern
portion of North
America
 They also control
Florida
 Spain had more
land in the New
World than any
other European
country!
 England claims
most of the East
Coast of North
America and some
land in Canada
 France claimed
much of Canada
and a large portion
of land
surrounding the
Mississippi River
 The Netherlands
(the Dutch) own
New York and a
small piece of
South America
Affects In Africa
 Europeans established many trading posts along the
coast of Africa
 Most of Africa is taken as colonies by Europe
Affects In Africa
 Only Ethiopia
remained
independent!
Affects In Africa
 Europe then begins to take most of the available
resources
 This includes gold and diamonds!
Affects In Africa
 Europe then begins to take most of the available
resources
 This includes gold and diamonds!
 Many Africans are captured and sold into slavery
Affects in Asia
 Small groups of merchants begin to Colonize
parts of Asia (India, the Indies, China)
 They are establishing trade outposts
Affects in Asia
 Soon, large trading companies from
European nations began to take over
 This greatly influenced Asia
Russia –
northern
China
Britain –
India and
Indonesia
Dutch
(Netherlands)
– Indonesia
French –
Southeast
Asia
Essential Questions
 What were the effects of European migration
and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and
Asia?
 STANDARD WHII.4d
 The student will demonstrate knowledge of
the impact of the European Age of
Discovery and expansion into the Americas,
Africa, and Asia by
 d) describing the Columbian Exchange,
including its impact on native populations.
Essential Understandings
 The discovery of the Americas by Europeans
resulted in an exchange of products and
resources between the Eastern and Western
Hemispheres.
 Trade between the Americas and the Old
World became known as the Columbian
Exchange, named after Christopher
Columbus
Columbian Exchange
 New items are being introduced on BOTH sides of the
Atlantic Ocean
Columbian Exchange
 Columbian Exchange - A system of trade begun by
Columbus
Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange
A wide spread system of trade begun by Columbus
exchanging many new foods, products, and
culture between the Old World and the New World
Columbian Exchange
 Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such
as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed
European lifestyles.
 They had never seen these products before!
Columbian Exchange
 Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such
as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed
European lifestyles.
 They had never seen these products before!
 European horses and cattle changed the
lifestyles of American Indians.
Columbian Exchange
 Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such
as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed
European lifestyles.
 They had never seen these products before!
 European horses and cattle changed the
lifestyles of American Indians.
 European diseases, such as smallpox, killed
many American Indians.
 The natives had no immunity!
Columbian Exchange
 Disease –
 9 out of 10 (90%) of Native Americans died in the
first several years when Europeans explored the
Americas
Columbian Exchange
 Disease –
 9 out of 10 (90%) of Native Americans died in the
first several years when Europeans explored the
Americas
 This was because of disease
Columbian Exchange
 Lord Jeffrey Amherst
 1763 – set out to wipe out
a group of Native
Americans in Ohio
 He had his troops deliver
blankets infected with
smallpox to the tribes!
Columbian Exchange
 Disease –
 9 out of 10 (90%) of Native Americans died in the
first several years when Europeans explored the
Americas
 Because of disease, Native Americans were not
suitable as a labor force.
 Throughout the Americas many European
settlers created the “Plantation System”
 Throughout the Americas many European
settlers created the “Plantation System”
Plantation System
Huge farms which grew one specific
cash crop for sell
 Throughout the Americas many European
settlers created the “Plantation System”
Cash Crop
A single agricultural crop grown to sell
and make large amounts of money
 The Plantation System required large
amounts of labor
 It couldn’t be the Native Americans
 The Plantation System required large
amounts of labor
 It couldn’t be the Native Americans
 The settlers chose Africans as their new labor
force!
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
 Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to
the use of African slaves.
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
 European plantation system in the Caribbean
and the Americas destroyed indigenous
economics and damaged the environment.
 Native Americans were killed off and large portions of
land were cleared
Essential Questions
 What was the impact of the Columbian
Exchange between European and indigenous
cultures?
SOL Question…
The Colombian Exchange is best explained as the
–
A Exchange of South American land between Spain
and Portugal
B Result of a struggle between the Spanish and the
Incas
C Exchange of agricultural goods between Europe
and the Americas
D Result of a conflict between South American
colonies and Europe
SOL Question…
Shortly after the initial contact with Europeans,
American Indian (First American) populations began to
decrease rapidly because of —
A warfare
B famine
C disease
D genocide
SOL Question…
The Columbian Exchange introduced which of
the following to Europeans?
A Corn
B Cows
C Wheat
D Horses
SOL Question…
Which choice correctly identifies a major trade
pattern of the Columbian Exchange?
A Cattle along arrow 1
B Coal along arrow 1
C Tobacco along arrow 2
D Horses along arrow 2
 STANDARD WHII.4e, f
 The student will demonstrate knowledge of
the impact of the European Age of
Discovery and expansion into the Americas,
Africa, and Asia by
 e) mapping and explaining the triangular
trade;
 f) describing the impact of precious metal
exports from the Americas.
Essential Understandings
 The European nations established a trade
pattern known as the triangular trade and
exported precious metals from the Americas.
Triangular Trade
 The Triangular Trade linked Europe, Africa,
and the Americas.
Triangular Trade
Colonial trade between the American
colonies, Europe, and Africa, including
the exchange of goods and slaves
Triangular Trade
 This was an efficient way to trade
 No route was left empty
Triangular Trade
 Triangular Trade linked
Europe, Africa, and the
Americas.
1
 1. Textiles, rum, and
manufactured goods
were traded to Africa
Triangular Trade
 Triangular Trade linked
Europe, Africa, and the
Americas.
1
 2. Slaves were
transported to the
Americas and traded
for…
2
Triangular Trade
 Triangular Trade linked
Europe, Africa, and the
Americas.
3
1
 3. Sugar, tobacco, cotton
and other goods which
were taken to Europe
and traded for more
textiles, rum, and
manufactured goods!
2
Triangular Trade
 The center portion of this trade was called
the “Middle Passage.”
Middle Passage
The portion of the Triangular Trade in
which African slaves were brought to
the Americas
MIDDLE
PASSAGE
Export of precious metals
 Export of precious metals
 Gold and silver is exported to Europe and Asia
 A huge negative impact on indigenous empires of
the Americas
 A huge economic impact on Spain and
international trade
Essential Questions
 What was the triangular trade?
 What was the impact of precious metal
exports from the Americas?
SOL Question…
This table describes the triangular trade between Europe,
the Americas, and—
A East Asia
B West Africa
C Eastern Europe
D Southwest Asia