Issue 1
Volume 43
January 14, 2005
NASA STI Program ... in Profile
Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated
to the advancement of aeronautics and space
science. The NASA Scientific and Technical
Information (STI) Program plays a key part in
helping NASA maintain this important role.
• SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, or historical information from NASA
programs, projects, and missions, often
concerned with subjects having substantial
public interest.
The NASA STI Program provides access to the
NASA Aeronautics and Space Database, the
largest collection of aeronautical and space
science in the world. The STI Program is also
NASA’s institutional mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results are published by
NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which
includes the following report types:
• TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. Englishlanguage translations of foreign scientific
and technical material pertinent to NASA’s
mission.
• TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of
completed research or major significant
phases of research that present the results of
NASA programs and include extensive data or
theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of
significant scientific and technical data and
information deemed of continuing reference
value. NASA counterpart of peer-reviewed
formal professional papers, but has less
stringent limitations on manuscript length and
extent of graphic presentations.
• TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific
and technical findings that are of preliminary
or specialized interest, e.g., quick release
reports, working papers, and bibliographies
that contain minimal annotation. Does not
contain extensive analysis.
• CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and
technical findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees.
• CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected
papers from scientific and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA.
Specialized services that help round out the
STI Program’s diverse offerings include
creating custom thesauri, building customized
databases, organizing and publishing research
results ... even providing videos.
The NASA STI Program is managed by the
NASA STI Program Office (STIPO). STIPO
is the administrative office at Langley
Research Center for the NASA STI Program.
For more information about the NASA STI
Program, you can:
• Access the NASA STI Program Home
Page at http://www.sti.nasa.gov
• E-mail your question via the Internet to
[email protected]
• Fax your question to the NASA STI
Help Desk at (301) 621-0134
• Telephone the NASA STI Help Desk at
(301) 621-0390
• Write to:
NASA STI Help Desk
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information
7121 Standard Drive
Hanover, MD 21076-1320
Introduction
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) is an online information resource listing
citations and abstracts of NASA and world wide aerospace-related STI. Updated biweekly, STAR
highlights the most recent additions to the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database. Through this
resource, the NASA STI Program provides timely access to the most current aerospace-related
Research & Development (R&D) results.
STAR subject coverage includes all aspects of aeronautics and space research and development,
supporting basic and applied research, and application, as well as aerospace aspects of Earth
resources, energy development, conservation, oceanography, environmental protection, urban
transportation and other topics of high national priority. The listing is arranged first by 11 broad
subject divisions, then within these divisions by 76 subject categories and includes two indexes:
subject and author.
STAR includes citations to Research & Development (R&D) results reported in:
•
•
•
•
•
•
NASA, NASA contractor, and NASA grantee reports
Reports issued by other U.S. Government agencies, domestic and foreign institution,
universities, and private firms
Translations
NASA-owned patents and patent applications
Other U.S. Government agency and foreign patents and patent applications
Domestic and foreign dissertations and theses
The NASA STI Program
The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program was established to support the
objectives of NASA’s missions and research to advance aeronautics and space science. By
sharing information, the NASA STI Program ensures that the U.S. maintains its preeminence in
aerospace-related industries and education, minimizes duplication of research, and increases
research productivity.
Through the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI), the NASA STI Program
acquires, processes, archives, announces and disseminates both NASA’s internal STI and worldwide STI. The results of 20th and 21st century aeronautics and aerospace research and
development, a worldwide investment totaling billions of dollars, have been captured, organized,
and stored in the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database. New information is continually
announced and made available as it is acquired, making this a dynamic and historical collection
of value to business, industry, academia, federal institutions, and the general public.
The STI Program offers products and tools that allow efficient access to the wealth of
information derived from global R&D efforts. In addition, customized services are available to
help tailor this valuable resource to meet your specific needs.
For more information on the most up to date NASA STI, visit the STI Program’s website at
http://www.sti.nasa.gov.
NASA STI Availability Information
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI)
Through NASA CASI, the NASA STI Program offers many information products and services to
the aerospace community and to the public, including access to a selection of full text of the
NASA STI. Free registration with the program is available to NASA, U.S. Government agencies
and contractors. To register, contact CASI at [email protected]. Others should visit the program
at www.sti.nasa.gov. The ‘search selected databases’ button provides access to the NASA
Technical Reports Server (TRS) – the publicly available contents of the NASA Aeronautics and
Space Database.
Each citation in STAR indicates a ‘Source of Availability’. When CASI is indicated, the user can
order this information directly from CASI using the STI Online Order Form or contact
[email protected] or telephone the CASI Help Desk at 301-621-0390. Before ordering you may
access price code tables for STI documents and videos. When information is not available from
CASI, the source of the information is indicated when known.
NASA STI is also available to the public through Federal information organizations. NASA
CASI disseminates publicly available NASA STI to the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS) and to the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) through the Government Printing
Office (GPO). In addition, NASA patents are available online from the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The National Technical Information Service serves the American public as a central resource for
unlimited, unclassified U.S. Government scientific, technical, engineering, and business related
information. For more than 50 years NTIS has provided businesses, universities, and the public
timely access to well over 2 million publications covering over 350 subject areas. Visit NTIS at
http://www.ntis.gov.
The Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP)
The U.S. Congress established the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) to ensure
access by the American public to U.S. Government information. The program acquires and
disseminates information products from all three branches of the U.S. Government to nearly
1,300 Federal depository libraries nationwide. The libraries maintain these information products
as part of their existing collections and are responsible for assuring that the public has free access
to the information. Locate the Federal Depository Libraries http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs.
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office provides online access to full text patents and patent
applications. The database includes patents back to 1976 plus some pre-1975 patents. Visit the
USPTO at http://www.uspto.gov/patft/.
Table of Contents
Subject Divisions/Categories
Document citations are grouped by division and then by category, according to the NASA Scope and Coverage
Category Guide.
Aeronautics
01
Aeronautics (General) ...................................................................................................... 1
02
Aerodynamics .................................................................................................................. 1
03
Air Transportation and Safety .......................................................................................... 4
04
Aircraft Communications and Navigation ........................................................................ 8
05
Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance ....................................................................... 9
07
Aircraft Propulsion and Power ....................................................................................... 15
08
Aircraft Stability and Control .......................................................................................... 16
09
Research and Support Facilities (Air) ........................................................................... 17
Astronautics
12
Astronautics (General) ................................................................................................... 18
14
Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space) .......................................................... 19
15
Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations ...................................................................... 19
16
Space Transportation and Safety .................................................................................. 20
17
Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking ......... 20
18
Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance ............................................................... 21
20
Spacecraft Propulsion and Power ................................................................................. 24
Chemistry and Materials
23
Chemistry and Materials (General) ............................................................................... 29
24
Composite Materials ...................................................................................................... 32
25
Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry .................................................................. 34
26
Metals and Metallic Materials ........................................................................................ 37
27
Nonmetallic Materials .................................................................................................... 38
28
Propellants and Fuels .................................................................................................... 40
29
Space Processing .......................................................................................................... 40
Engineering
31
Engineering (General) ................................................................................................... 41
32
Communications and Radar .......................................................................................... 43
33
Electronics and Electrical Engineering .......................................................................... 50
34
Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics ......................................................................... 52
35
Instrumentation and Photography ................................................................................. 54
36
Lasers and Masers ........................................................................................................ 57
37
Mechanical Engineering ................................................................................................ 58
39
Structural Mechanics ..................................................................................................... 60
Geosciences
43
Earth Resources and Remote Sensing ......................................................................... 61
44
Energy Production and Conversion ............................................................................... 62
45
Environment Pollution .................................................................................................... 62
46
Geophysics .................................................................................................................... 70
47
Meteorology and Climatology ........................................................................................ 71
Life Sciences
51
Life Sciences (General) ................................................................................................. 74
52
Aerospace Medicine .................................................................................................... 107
53
Behavioral Sciences .................................................................................................... 108
54
Man/System Technology and Life Support .................................................................. 108
55
Exobiology .................................................................................................................... 110
Mathematical and Computer Sciences
59
Mathematical and Computer Sciences (General) ........................................................ 111
60
Computer Operations and Hardware ........................................................................... 118
61
Computer Programming and Software ........................................................................ 121
62
Computer Systems ...................................................................................................... 145
63
Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics .......................................................... 170
64
Numerical Analysis ...................................................................................................... 173
65
Statistics and Probability ............................................................................................. 178
66
Systems Analysis and Operations Research .............................................................. 179
67
Theoretical Mathematics .............................................................................................. 182
Physics
70
Physics (General) ........................................................................................................ 183
72
Atomic and Molecular Physics .................................................................................... 185
74
Optics ........................................................................................................................... 186
75
Plasma Physics ........................................................................................................... 187
76
Solid-State Physics ...................................................................................................... 188
77
Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields ................................................................ 188
Social and Information Sciences
80
Social and Information Sciences (General) ................................................................. 189
81
Administration and Management ................................................................................. 190
82
Documentation and Information Science .................................................................... 196
84
Law, Political Science and Space Policy ..................................................................... 205
Space Sciences
89
Astronomy .................................................................................................................... 206
90
Astrophysics ................................................................................................................. 210
91
Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration ............................................................ 213
93
Space Radiation .......................................................................................................... 215
General
99
General ........................................................................................................................ 215
Indexes
Two indexes are available. You may use the find command under the tools menu while viewing the PDF file for direct
match searching on any text string. You may also select either of the two indexes provided for linking to the
corresponding document citation from NASA Thesaurus terms and personal author names.
Subject Term Index
Personal Author Index
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 43, JANUARY 14, 2005
01
AERONAUTICS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to manned and unmanned aircraft and the problems of flight within the Earth’s atmosphere. Also
includes manufacturing, maintenance, and repair of aircraft. For specific topics in aeronautics, see categories 02 through 09. For
information related to space vehicles see 12 Astronautics.
20050010186 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Noise Benefits of Increased Fan Bypass Nozzle Area
Woodward, Richard P.; Hughes, Christopher E.; November 2004; 24 pp.; In English; 43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and
Exhibit, 10-13 Jan. 2005, Reno, NV, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-781-30-08
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213396; AIAA Paper 2005-1201; E-14899; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
An advanced model turbofan (typical of current engine technology) was tested in the NASA Glenn 9 by 15 Foot Low
Speed Wind Tunnel (9-by 15-Foot LSWT) to explore far field acoustic effects of increased bypass nozzle area. This fan stage
test was part of the NASA Glenn Fan Broadband Source Diagnostic Test, second entry (SDT2) which acquired aeroacoustic
results over a range of test conditions. The baseline nozzle was sized to produce maximum stage performance for the engine
at a high altitude, cruise point condition. However, the wind tunnel testing is conducted near sea level conditions. Therefore,
in order to simulate and obtain performance at other aircraft operating conditions, two additional nozzles were designed and
tested-one with a +5 percent increase in weight flow (+5.4 percent increase in nozzle area compared with the baseline nozzle),
sized to simulate the performance at the stage design point conditions, and the other with a +7.5 percent increase in weight
flow (+10.9 percent increase in nozzle area), sized for maximum weight flow with a fixed nozzle at sea level conditions.
Measured acoustic benefits with increased nozzle area were very encouraging, showing overall sound power level (OAPWL)
reductions of 2 or more dB while the stage thrust actually increased by several percentage points except fro the most open
nozzle at takeoff rotor speed where stage performance decreased. These noise reduction benefits were seen to primarily affect
broadband noise, and were evident throughout the range of measured sideline angles.
Author
Aeroacoustics; Aircraft Noise; Noise Reduction; Broadband
02
AERODYNAMICS
Includes aerodynamics of flight vehicles, test bodies, airframe components and combinations, wings, and control surfaces. Also includes
aerodynamics of rotors, stators, fans, and other elements of turbomachinery. For related information see also 34 Fluid Mechanics and
Thermodynamics.
20050009924 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Whirl Flutter Studies for a SSTOL Transport Demonstrator
Acree, C. W., Jr.; Hoffman, Krishna; [2004]; 11 pp.; In English; American Helicopter Society 4th Decennial Specialist’s
Conference on Aeromechanics, 21-23 Jan. 2004, San Francisco, CA, USA; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
A proposed new class of aircraft - the Advanced Theater Transport (ATT) will combine strategic range and high payload
with ‘Super-STOL’ (short take-off and landing) capability. It is also proposed to modify a YC-15 into a technology
demonstrator with a 20-deg tilt wing; four, eight-bladed propellers; cross-shafted gearboxes and V-22 engines. These constitute
a unique combination of design features that potentially affect performance, loads and whirl-mode stability (whirl flutter).
NASA Ames Research Center is working with Boeing and Hamilton Sundstrand on technology challenges presented by the
concept; the purpose of NASA involvement is to establish requirements for the demonstrator and for early design guidance,
1
with emphasis on whirl flutter. CAMRAD II is being used to study the effects of various design features on whirl flutter, with
special attention to areas where such features differ from existing aircraft, notably tiltrotors. Although the stability margins
appear to be more than adequate, the concept requires significantly different analytical methods, principally including far more
blade modes, than typically used for tiltrotors.
Author
Flutter; Rotor Aerodynamics; Tilt Wing Aircraft; Tilt Rotor Aircraft
20050009941 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Historical Overview of Research on Lift-Generated Vortex Wakes
Rossow, Vernon J.; June 15, 2001; 1 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 727-01-22; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
A historical overview is presented of research conducted on the structure and modification of the vortices generated by
the lifting surfaces of subsonic transport aircraft. Although primarily presented from an experimental point of view, the use
of relatively compact theoretical formulations and concepts are used to indicate the progress made. It is pointed out that the
first objective of the research is to reduce the magnitude of the hazard potential posed by the wakes of aircraft by modifying
the aerodynamics of the wake-generating aircraft. A secondary objective is to develop the technology that will make it possible
to safely avoid vortex wakes in the airport environment for increased capacity. If either or both objectives are achieved, the
hazard posed by vortex wakes should have a greatly reduced impact on the operational capacity of airports for landings and
takeoffs. Since a satisfactory solution to either of these two goals have not yet been achieved, the last part of the presentation
will be devoted to a discussion of some requirements that have been placed on any prospective solution to either goal, if is
to be acceptable. The material to be used in the presentation is published in the open literature.
Author
Vortices; Transport Aircraft; Subsonic Speed; Aerodynamics; Takeoff
20050009948 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Historical Overview of Research on Lift-Generated Vortex Wakes
Rossow, Vernon J.; June 15, 2001; 1 pp.; In English; Colloquium on the Dynamics of Trailing Vortices, 21-22 Mar. 2002,
Aachen, Germany
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 727-01-22; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
A historical overview is presented of research conducted on the structure and modification of the vortices generated by
the lifting surfaces of subsonic transport aircraft. Although primarily presented from an experimental point of view, the use
of relatively compact theoretical formulations and concepts are used to indicate the progress made. It is pointed out that the
first objective of the research is to reduce the magnitude of the hazard potential posed by the wakes of aircraft by modifying
the aerodynamics of the wake-generating aircraft. A secondary objective is to develop the technology that will make it possible
to safely avoid vortex wakes in the airport environment for increased capacity. If either or both objectives are achieved, the
hazard posed by vortex wakes should have a greatly reduced impact on the operational capacity of airports for landings and
takeoffs. Since a satisfactory solution to either of these two goals have not yet been achieved, the last part of the presentation
will be devoted to a discussion of some requirements that have been placed on any prospective solution to either goal, if is
to be acceptable. The material to be used in the presentation is published in the open literature.
Author
Vortices; Transport Aircraft; Subsonic Speed; Aerodynamics; Takeoff
20050010091 National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC
Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data: U.S. Air Carrier Operations, Calendar Year 2000
Jun. 17, 2004; 76 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2004-106609; NTSB/ARC-04/01; NOTATION-7502A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy
The National Transportation Safety Board’s Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data: U.S. Air Carrier Operations is a
statistical review of U.S. commercial aviation accidents that occurred in calendar year 2000. In addition to accident statistics,
the review provides general economic and aviation industry indicators that may have influenced aircraft activity during the
year. Accident data for the 9 years proceeding calendar year 2000 provide an historical context.
NTIS
Aircraft Accidents; Air Transportation; Airline Operations
2
20050010242 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA
The Influence of Fin Rigidity on the Force Production in the Bird-Wrasse: A Computational Study
Ramamurti, Ravi, Author; Sandberg, William C., Author; Nov. 2004; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427783; NRL/MR/6410-04-8840; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The three-dimensional unsteady computations of fish swimming with oscillating and deforming fins of varying rigidity
were carried out. The objective of these variable rigidity computations was to investigate the importance of fin deformation
of the fluid dynamics of force production. An unstructured grid-based unsteady Navier-Stokes solver with automatic adaptive
remeshing was used to compute the flow about the wrasse through several complete cycles of pectoral fin oscillation for each
of the fins studied. The computations show that when the fin is made rigid by specifying the motion with just the leading edge
of the fin tip, the thrust produced during the upstroke is less than half of the peak thrust produced by the flexible cases. During
the downstroke, the rigid fin and the fin with the motion prescribed with only the leading and trailing edges produced no
positive thrust, while all the flexible cases considered reproduced the thrust production of the fully deformable fin. In the case
of the rigid fin, there is a substantial penalty in lift during the upstroke.
DTIC
Fins; Fishes
20050010352 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Victoria, Australia
DSPFRC - Force and Moment Data Display and Monitoring Program for the Low Speed Wind Tunnel at DSTO
Lam, Stephen, Author; Blandford, Adam, Author; Jun. 2004; 25 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A428042; DSTO-GD-0396; DODA-AR-013-134; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
DSTO operates a low speed wind tunnel within the Air Vehicles Division of the Platforms Sciences Laboratory. Airspeeds
up to approximately 100 m/s can be produced in the empty test section which is 2.7 m wide by 2.1 m high. Realtime display
of acquired test data from the wind tunnel is important for providing feedback to the project manager and test engineer. A
software package called DSPFRC was developed for this purpose, giving a graphical display of the force and moment
coefficients. This document provides details of the software and its operation. It also provides information on programming
and development considerations of the software.
DTIC
Low Speed Wind Tunnels; Rates (Per Time); Wind Tunnels
20050019224 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Benchmark Solutions for Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) Code Validation
Scott, James R.; December 2004; 20 pp.; In English; 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and RD/D
Exposition, 13-19 Nov. 2004, Anaheim, CA, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-781-30-09
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213386; IMECE2004-59865; E-14894; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
NASA has conducted a series of Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) Workshops on Benchmark Problems to develop a
set of realistic CAA problems that can be used for code validation. In the Third (1999) and Fourth (2003) Workshops, the
single airfoil gust response problem, with real geometry effects, was included as one of the benchmark problems. Respondents
were asked to calculate the airfoil RMS pressure and far-field acoustic intensity for different airfoil geometries and a wide
range of gust frequencies. This paper presents the validated that have been obtained to the benchmark problem, and in addition,
compares them with classical flat plate results. It is seen that airfoil geometry has a strong effect on the airfoil unsteady
pressure, and a significant effect on the far-field acoustic intensity. Those parts of the benchmark problem that have not yet
been adequately solved are identified and presented as a challenge to the CAA research community.
Author
Aeroacoustics; Gusts; Aircraft Noise; Airfoils; Dynamic Response; Airfoil Profiles
3
03
AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
Includes passenger and cargo air transport operations; airport ground operations; flight safety and hazards; and aircraft accidents.
Systems and hardware specific to ground operations of aircraft and to airport construction are covered in 09 Research and Support
Facilities (Air). Air traffic control is covered in 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation. For related information see also 16 Space
Transportation and Safety and 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.
20050000118 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Noise Mitigation Controller Tools
Tobias, Leonard; [2001]; 1 pp.; In English; Air Traffic Control Association 2001 International Technical Conference and
Exhibits, 19 Jul. 2001, Dublin, Ireland, UK; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
During the past decade, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been developing and evaluating
a suite of decision support tools (DSTs) to aid the air traffic controller in the management of traffic. These tools are known
collectively as the Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS). The primary focus of CTAS is increased capacity. As part
of a new NASA program called Quiet Aircraft Technology (QAT), the following question is being addressed: Can CTAS
technology also support the noise mitigation requirements imposed by the community? Controllers currently support a variety
of low noise procedures in low traffic densities but, as traffic increases, these must be abandoned due to excessive spacing
requirements for vectoring or inter-arrival spacing requirements needed to handle a spectrum of low noise procedures. NASA
is currently investigating how to provide controllers with noise-mitigation-based advisories which address these issues without
negatively impacting capacity. These issues are of global concern which must be addressed as the demand for air travel
continues to increase.
Author
Air Traffıc Controllers (Personnel); Decision Support Systems; Low Noise; NASA Programs
20050009875 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
The Development of the Multi-Center Traffic Management Advisor (MCTMA): Traffic Flow Management Research in
a Multi-Facility Environment
Lee, Katharine K.; Davis, Thomas J.; Levin, Kerry M.; Rowe, Dennis W.; [2001]; 1 pp.; In English; 4th International
USA/Europe ATM R and D Seminar, 2001; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The Traffic Management Advisor (TMA) is a decision-support tool for traffic managers and air traffic controllers that
provides traffic flow visualization and other flow management tools. TMA creates an efficiently sequenced and safely spaced
schedule for arrival traffic that meets but does not exceed specified airspace system constraints. TMA is being deployed at
selected facilities throughout the National Airspace System in the US as part of the FAA’s Free Flight Phase 1 program. TMA
development and testing, and its current deployment, focuses on managing the arrival capacity for single major airports within
single terminal areas and single en route centers. The next phase of development for this technology is the expansion of the
TMA capability to complex facilities in which a terminal area or airport is fed by multiple en route centers, thus creating a
multicenter TMA functionality. The focus of the multi-center TMA (McTMA) development is on the busy facilities in the
Northeast comdor of the US. This paper describes the planning and development of McTMA and the challenges associated
with adapting a successful traffic flow management tool for a very complex airspace.
Author
Free Flight; Traffıc Control; National Airspace System; Air Transportation
20050009942 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
En route Descent Advisor Concept for Efficient Arrival Metering Conformance
Green, Steven; Vivona, Robert; Coppenbarger, Richard; [2005]; 1 pp.; In English; AIAA GNC Conference, August 2001,
USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 727-01-25; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The En-route Descent Advisor (EDA) is a suite of decision support tool (DST) capabilities for en route sector subject to
metering restrictions such as those generated by the Center TRACON Automation System (CTAS) Traffic Management
Advisor. EDA assists controllers with high-density arrival metering by providing fuel-efficient metering-conformance
advisories, integrated with conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) capabilities, to minimize deviations from the user s
preferred trajectory. These DST capabilities will enable controllers to change their procedures from ones that are oriented
towards sector management to procedures oriented towards trajectory management. Although adaptable to current procedures
and airspace structure, EDA is intended as a tool for transitioning traffic from a Free Flight environment to an efficiently
4
organized flow into terminal airspace. This paper describes the transition airspace problem and EDA concept, defines the key
benefit mechanisms that will be enabled by EDA capabilities, and presents a traffic scenario to illustrate the use of the tool.
Author
Automatic Control; Decision Support Systems; Descent; Arrivals; Routes; Airspace
20050009944 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Incorporation of EGPWS in the NASA Ames Research Center 747-400 Flight Simulator
Sallant, Ghislain; DeGennaro, Robert A.; March 19, 2001; 1 pp.; In English; AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies
Conference, 6-9 Aug. 2001, Montreal, Canada; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The NASA Ames Research Center CAE Boeing 747300 flight simulator is used primarily for the study of human factors
in aviation safety. The simulator is constantly upgraded to maintain a configuration match to a specific United Airlines aircraft
and maintains the highest level of FAA certification to ensure credibility to the results of research programs. United’s 747-400
fleet and hence the simulator are transitioning from the older Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) to the
state-of-the-art Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS). GPWS was an early attempt to reduce or eliminate
Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT). Basic GPWS alerting modes include: excessive descent rate, excessive terrain closure
rate, altitude loss after takeoff, unsafe terrain clearance, excessive deviation below glideslope, advisory callouts and windshear
alerting. However, since GPWS uses the radar altimeter which looks straight down, ample warning is not always provided.
EGPWS retains all of the basic functions of GPWS but adds the ability to look ahead by comparing the aircraft position to
an internal database and provide additional alerting and display capabilities. This paper evaluates three methods of
incorporating EGPWS in the simulator and describes the implementation and architecture of the preferred option.
Author
Flight Simulators; Aircraft Safety; Flight Control; Flight Safety; Warning Systems
20050009945 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
A Vision of the Future Air Traffic Control System
Erzberger, Heinz; [2000]; 1 pp.; In English; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The air transportation system is on the verge of gridlock, with delays and cancelled flights this summer reaching all time
highs. As demand for air transportation continues to increase, the capacity needed to accommodate the growth in traffic is
falling farther and farther behind. Moreover, it has become increasingly apparent that the present system cannot be scaled up
to provide the capacity increases needed to meet demand over the next 25 years. NASA, working with the Federal Aviation
Administration and industry, is pursuing a major research program to develop air traffic management technologies that have
the ultimate goal of doubling capacity while increasing safety and efficiency. This seminar will describe how the current
system operates, what its limitations are and why a revolutionary ‘shift in paradigm’ is needed to overcome fundamental
limitations in capacity and safety. For the near term, NASA has developed a portfolio of software tools for air traffic
controllers, called the Center-TRACON Automation System (CTAS), that provides modest gains in capacity and efficiency
while staying within the current paradigm. The outline of a concept for the long term, with a deployment date of 2015 at the
earliest, has recently been formulated and presented by NASA to a select group of industry and government stakeholders.
Automated decision making software, combined with an Internet in the sky that enables sharing of information and distributes
control between the cockpit and the ground, is key to this concept. However, its most revolutionary feature is a fundamental
change in the roles and responsibilities assigned to air traffic controllers.
Author
Air Traffıc Control; Air Traffıc Controllers (Personnel); Automatic Control; Decision Making; Safety
20050010076 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Air Traffic Control Decision Support Tools for Noise Mitigation
Tobias, Leonard; [2001]; 1 pp.; In English; Airport Noise Symposium 2001, 26-28 Feb. 2001, San Diego, CA, USA; No
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
NASA has initiated a new five year program this year, the Quiet Aircraft Technology (QAT) Program, a program which
will investigate airframe and engine system noise reduction. QAT will also address community noise impact. As part of this
community noise impact component, NASA will investigate air traffic management (ATM) challenges in reducing noise. In
particular, controller advisory automation aids will be developed to aid the air traffic controller in addressing noise concerns
as he/she manages traffic in busy terminal areas. NASA has developed controller automation tools to address capacity concerns
and the QAT strategy for ATM Low Noise Operations is to build upon this tool set to create added advisories for noise
5
mitigation. The tools developed for capacity will be briefly reviewed, followed by the QAT plans to address ATM noise
concerns. A major NASA goal in global civil aviation is to triple the aviation system throughput in all-weather conditions
while maintaining safety. A centerpiece of this activity is the Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS), an evolving suite
of air traffic controller decision support tools (DSTs) to enhance capacity of arrivals and departures in both the enroute center
and the TRACON. Two of these DSTs, the Traffic Management Advisor (TMA) and the passive Final approach Spacing Tool
(pFAST), are in daily use at the Fort Worth Center and the Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) TRACON, respectively, where capacity
gains of 5-13% have been reported in recent NASA evaluations. Under the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Free
Flight Phase One Program, TMA and pFAST are each being implemented at six to eight additional sites. In addition, other
DSTs are being developed by NASA under the umbrella of CTAS. This means that new software will be built upon CTAS,
and the paradigm of real-time simulation evaluation followed by field site development and evaluation will be the pathway
for the new tools. Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.
Author
Air Traffıc Control; Decision Support Systems; Noise Reduction; Aircraft Noise
20050010123 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Development and Validation of the Controller Acceptance Rating Scale (CARS): Results of Empirical Research
Lee, Katharine K.; Kerns, Karol; Bone, Randall; [2001]; 1 pp.; In English; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The measurement of operational acceptability is important for the development, implementation, and evolution of air
traffic management decision support tools. The Controller Acceptance Rating Scale was developed at NASA Ames Research
Center for the development and evaluation of the Passive Final Approach Spacing Tool. CARS was modeled after a
well-known pilot evaluation rating instrument, the Cooper-Harper Scale, and has since been used in the evaluation of the User
Request Evaluation Tool, developed by MITRE’s Center for Advanced Aviation System Development. In this paper, we
provide a discussion of the development of CARS and an analysis of the empirical data collected with CARS to examine
construct validity. Results of intraclass correlations indicated statistically significant reliability for the CARS. From the
subjective workload data that were collected in conjunction with the CARS, it appears that the expected set of workload
attributes was correlated with the CARS. As expected, the analysis also showed that CARS was a sensitive indicator of the
impact of decision support tools on controller operations. Suggestions for future CARS development and its improvement are
also provided.
Author
Air Traffıc Control; Decision Support Systems; Pilot Ratings; Cooper-Harper Ratings; Systems Engineering
20050010171 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Next Generation CTAS Tools
Erzberger, Heinz; [2000]; 1 pp.; In English; Technical Interchange Meeting, 23-26 May 2000, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 727-01-24; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The FAA’s Free Flight Phase 1 Office is in the process of deploying the current generation of CTAS tools, which are the
Traffic Management Advisor (TMA) and the passive Final Approach Spacing Tool (pFAST), at selected centers and airports.
Research at NASA is now focussed on extending the CTAS software and computer human interfaces to provide more
advanced capabilities. The Multi-center TMA (McTMA) is designed to operate at airports where arrival flows originate from
two or more centers whose boundaries are in close proximity to the TRACON boundary. McTMA will also include techniques
for routing arrival flows away from congested airspace and around airspace reserved for arrivals into other hub airports. NASA
is working with FAA and MITRE to build a prototype McTMA for the Philadelphia airport. The active Final Approach Spacing
Tool (aFAST) provides speed and heading advisories to help controllers achieve accurate spacing between aircraft on final
approach. These advisories will be integrated with those in the existing pFAST to provide a set of comprehensive advisories
for controlling arrival traffic from the TRACON boundary to touchdown at complex, high-capacity airports. A research
prototype of aFAST, designed for the Dallas-Fort Worth is in an advanced stage of development. The Expedite Departure Path
(EDP) and Direct-To tools are designed to help controllers guide departing aircraft out of the TRACON airspace and to climb
to cruise altitude along the most efficient routes.
Author
Software Development Tools; Air Traffıc Control; Free Flight; Airports
20050010226 Air Univ., Maxwell AFB, AL USA
Air-to-Ground Battle for Italy
McCarthy, Michael C., Author; Aug. 2004; 112 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427734; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy
6
The story of a young fighter pilot from basic training through the end of the war in Europe, this short memoir is a welcome
addition to the literature of World War II aviation. It is noteworthy for a number of reasons. It illuminates the world of tactical
aviation, which has taken a backseat to stories of strategic bombing and air superiority combat. It takes place in a theater of
war often considered a backwater when compared to the events in Western Europe or the Central Pacific. Perhaps most
importantly, it combines the immediacy of contemporary impressions with the reflections possible after a long and
distinguished Air Force career.
DTIC
Italy; Military Operations
20050010363 Air Force Flight Test Center, Edwards AFB, CA USA
The Development of a Hands-On Unmanned Aerial Vehicle/Remotely Piloted Vehicle Flight Test and Evaluation
Adelgren, Russell, Author; Minor, John, Author; Warner, David, Author; Doster, Jason, Author; Nov. 2004; 9 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A428090; AFFTC-PA-04211; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The USA Air Force (USAF) Test Pilot School, the Engineering Directorate, and the 452nd Flight Test Squadron all within
the 412th Test Wing of the Air Force Flight Test Center, Edwards Air Force Base, have teamed together to develop an
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight test training course. This paper briefly describes the development of the course and
presents the major elements of the course.
DTIC
Evaluation; Flight Tests; Flight Training; Pilotless Aircraft; Remotely Piloted Vehicles; System Effectiveness
20050010381 Logistics Management Inst., McLean, VA USA
Reducing Aircraft Down for Lack of Parts with Sporadic Demand
Bachman, Tovey C., Author; Jun. 2004; 20 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): 0979-15-01-01
Report No.(s): AD-A428159; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In the military aerospace environment, certain repair parts are infrequently demanded, but stocked because they are
essential to maintaining a weapon system critical to the war-fighter. Because of their sporadic demand, it is difficult to decide
when to buy these items and in what quantities. As systems become more reliable and failure rates decrease, the number of
these infrequently demanded parts is likely to grow. Earlier studies found the Peak ordering policy the author invented
significantly reduced wholesale wait-time and backorders. Rigorous new experiments confirm the benefits of the Peak policy,
and show it can reduce retail wait-time and backorders as well. By considering the distribution of retail backorders over an
aircraft squadron, we estimate the resulting reduction in the number of aircraft down for lack of parts. We also analyze the
policy’s near-term effect on inventory value and procurement workload after 5 years of development and review, the Peak
policy is mature enough for implementation.
DTIC
Downtime; Policies; Spare Parts
20050010394 Rand Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
Dual-Use Technology Program for a Passenger-Cargo Rotorcraft
Dreyfuss, David, Author; Shipbaugh, Calvin, Author; Hagen, Jeff, Author; Buenneke, Richard, Author; Jan. 1995; 74 pp.; In
English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA903-91-C-0006
Report No.(s): AD-A428204; RAND/DB-138-A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
Declining budgets are reducing the number of new military acquisition starts. The Army needs to consider new ways of
doing business that will permit it to get the most from the acquisition dollars available. One possibility is to exploit dual-use
technology programs. The Arroyo Center investigated the feasibility of the notion that the commercial aircraft industry could
develop a rotorcraft for the civilian market that would also have application to the military, primarily as a replacement for the
CH-47 helicopter. The authors identified and analyzed three likely markets: commuter passenger service in conjunction with
same-day cargo deliveries; servicing of offshore oil rigs; and emergency medical services (EMS). The commercial
passenger-cargo market is not likely to be viable because the rotorcraft’s costs exceed by a wide margin those of the competing
fixed-wing aircraft, even if the cost analysis counts the potential savings accruing from the convenience of vertiport locations
in or near downtown areas. The offshore oil rig market and the EMS market both prefer a vehicle size of about 7-15
passengers, smaller than the Army’s most pressing replacement needs. Further, neither of these markets looks feasible from
7
the standpoint of rate of return on invested capital, if the total investment costs had to be recovered (no subsidies). The authors
cannot recommend dual-use as a clear remedy for the Army’s need for a near-term medium-heavy rotorcraft, but do suggest
the examination of several cost-reducing technologies.
DTIC
Cargo; Market Research; Passengers; Rotary Wing Aircraft
20050019270 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
NASA Ames ATM Research
Denery, Dallas G.; [2000]; 1 pp.; In English; ATCA 2000 International Technical Conference, Vancouver, Canada
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 576-01-24; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The NASA Ames research Center, in cooperation with the FAA and the industry, has a series of major research efforts
underway that are aimed at : 1) improving the flow of traffic in the national airspace system; and 2) helping to define the future
air traffic management system. The purpose of this presentation will be to provide a brief summary of some of these activities.
Author
Air Traffıc Control; NASA Programs; Air Transportation; Research and Development
20050019443 Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA
General Aviation Security: Increased Federal Oversight Is Needed, but Continued Partnership with the Private Sector
Is Critical to Long-Term Success
Nov. 2004; 70 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101858; GAO-05-144; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
Federal intelligence agencies have reported that in the past, terrorists have considered using general aviation aircraft (all
aviation other than commercial and military) for terrorist acts, and that the September 11th terrorists learned to fly at general
aviation flight schools. The questions GAO answered regarding the status of general aviation security included (1) What
actions has the federal government taken to identify and assess threats to, and vulnerabilities of, general aviation; and
communicate that information to stakeholders. (2) What steps has the federal government taken to strengthen general aviation
security, and what, if any, challenges does the government face; and (3) What steps have nonfederal stakeholders taken to
enhance the security of general aviation. GAO recommends, among other things, that the Transportation Security
Administration (TSA) develop a plan for implementing a risk management approach to strengthen general aviation security,
and that the Federal Aviation Administration establish a documented process to review and revalidate flight restrictions. TSA
and FAA generally concurred with GAOs recommendations.
NTIS
General Aviation Aircraft; Terrorism; Airport Security
04
AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION
Includes all modes of communication with and between aircraft; air navigation systems (satellite and ground based); and air traffic
control. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation, 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft
Communications, Command and Tracking, and 32 Communications and Radar.
20050009926 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
A Simple Two Aircraft Conflict Resolution Algorithm
Chatterji, Gano B.; December 20, 1999; 1 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 576-01-25; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Conflict detection and resolution methods are crucial for distributed air-ground traffic management in which the crew in
the cockpit, dispatchers in operation control centers and air traffic controllers in the ground-based air traffic management
facilities share information and participate in the traffic flow and traffic control imctions.This paper describes a conflict
detection and a conflict resolution method. The conflict detection method predicts the minimum separation and the time-to-go
to the closest point of approach by assuming that both the aircraft will continue to fly at their current speeds along their current
headings. The conflict resolution method described here is motivated by the proportional navigation algorithm. It generates
speed and heading commands to rotate the line-of-sight either clockwise or counter-clockwise for conflict resolution. Once the
aircraft achieve a positive range-rate and no further conflict is predicted, the algorithm generates heading commands to turn
back the aircraft to their nominal trajectories. The speed commands are set to the optimal pre-resolution speeds. Six numerical
8
examples are presented to demonstrate the conflict detection and resolution method.
Author
Algorithms; Air Traffıc Control; Aircraft Control; Proportional Navigation
20050010185 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
In-Flight Assessment of a Pursuit Guidance Display Format for Manually Flown Precision Instrument Approaches
Moralex, Ernesto, III; Tucker, George E.; Hindson, William S.; Frost, Chad R.; Hardy, Gordon H.; April 07, 2004; 13 pp.;
In English; American Helicopter Society 60th Annual Forum, 8-10 Jun. 2004, Baltimore, MD, USA; Copyright; Avail: Other
Sources
In-flight evaluations of a pursuit guidance display system for manually flown precision instrument approaches were
performed. The guidance system was integrated into the RASCAL JUH-60A Black Hawk helicopter. The applicability of the
pursuit guidance disp1aFs to the operation of Runway Independent Aircraft (RIA) is made evident because the displays allow
the pilot to fly a complex, multi-segment, descending, decelerating approach trajectory. The complex trajectory chosen for this
in-flight assessment began from a downwind abeam position at 110 knots and was hand-flown to a 50 ft decision altitude at
40 knots using a rate-command/attitude-hold plus turn-coordination control system. The elements of the pursuit guidance
format displayed on a 10-inch liquid crystal display (LCD) flat panel consisted of a flightpath vector and a ‘leader’ aircraft
as the pursuit guidance element. Approach guidance was based primarily on carrier-phase differential Global Positioning
System (GPS) navigation, and secondarily on both medium accuracy inertial navigation unit states and air data computer
states. Required Navigation Performance (RNP) concepts were applied to the construction of display elements such as
lateral/vertical deviation indicators and a tunnel that indicated to the pilot, in real-time, the performance with respect to RNP
error bounds. The results of the flight evaluations of the guidance display show that precise path control for operating within
tight RNP boundaries (RNP 0.007NM/24ft for initial approach, RNP 0.008NM/19ft for intermediate approach, and RNP
0.002NM/9ft for final approach) is attainable with minimal to moderate pilot workload.
Author
UH-60A Helicopter; Instrument Approach; Global Positioning System; Attitude (Inclination); Flight Paths; Airborne/
Spaceborne Computers; Display Devices
05
AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
Includes all stages of design of aircraft and aircraft structures and systems. Also includes aircraft testing, performance, and evaluation,
and aircraft and flight simulation technology. For related information see also 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance; and 39
Structural Mechanics. For land transportation vehicles see 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.
20050009876 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Using Dynamic Interface Modeling and Simulation to Develop a Launch and Recovery Flight Simulation for a UH-60A
Blackhawk
Sweeney, Christopher; Bunnell, John; Chung, William; Giovannetti, Dean; Mikula, Julie; Nicholson, Bob; Roscoe, Mike;
February 22, 2001; 1 pp.; In English; I/ITSEC Conference, 26-29 Nov. 2001, Orlando, FL, USA; Copyright; Avail: Other
Sources; Abstract Only
Joint Shipboard Helicopter Integration Process (JSHIP) is a Joint Test and Evaluation (JT&E) program sponsored by the
Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). Under the JSHDP program is a simulation effort referred to as the Dynamic Interface
Modeling and Simulation System (DIMSS). The purpose of DIMSS is to develop and test the processes and mechanisms that
facilitate ship-helicopter interface testing via man-in-the-loop ground-based flight simulators. Specifically, the DIMSS charter
is to develop an accredited process for using a flight simulator to determine the wind-over-the-deck (WOD) launch and
recovery flight envelope for the UH-60A ship/helicopter combination. DIMSS is a collaborative effort between the NASA
Ames Research Center and OSD. OSD determines the T&E and warfighter training requirements, provides the programmatics
and dynamic interface T&E experience, and conducts ship/aircraft interface tests for validating the simulation. NASA provides
the research and development element, simulation facility, and simulation technical experience. This paper will highlight the
benefits of the NASA/JSHIP collaboration and detail achievements of the project in terms of modeling and simulation. The
Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at NASA Ames Research Center offers the capability to simulate a wide range of simulation
cueing configurations, which include visual, aural, and body-force cueing devices. The system flexibility enables switching
configurations io allow back-to-back evaluation and comparison of different levels of cueing fidelity in determining minimum
training requirements. The investigation required development and integration of several major simulation system at the VMS.
9
A new UH-60A BlackHawk interchangeable cab that provides an out-the-window (OTW) field-of-view (FOV) of 220 degrees
in azimuth and 70 degrees in elevation was built. Modeling efforts involved integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
generated data of an LHA ship airwake and integrating a real-time ship motion model developed based on a batch model from
Naval Surface Warfare Center. Engineering development and integration of a three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) dynamic seat
to simulate high frequency rotor-dynamics dependent motion cues for use in conjunction with the large motion system was
accomplished. The development of an LHA visual model in several different levels of resolution and an aural cueing system
in which three separate fidelity levels could be selected were developed. VMS also integrated a PC-based E&S simFUSION
system to investigate cost effective IG alternatives. The DIMSS project consists of three phases that follow an approved
Validation, Verification and accreditation (VV&A) process. The first phase will support the accreditation of the individual
subsystems and models. The second will follow the verification and validation of the integrated subsystems and models, and
will address fidelity requirements of the integrated models and subsystems. The third and final phase will allow the verification
and validation of the full system integration. This VV&A process will address the utility of the simulated WOD launch and
recovery envelope. Simulations supporting the first two stages have been completed and the data is currently being reviewed
and analyzed.
Author
Dynamic Models; Flight Simulation; UH-60A Helicopter; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Launching
20050009943 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Performance and Flowfield Measurements on a 10-inch Ducted Rotor VTOL UAV
Martin, Preston; Tung, Chee; [2004]; 20 pp.; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
A ducted fan VTOL UAV with a 10-inch diameter rotor was tested in the US Army 7-by 10-Foot Wind Tunnel. The test
conditions covered a range of angle of attack from 0 to 110 degrees to the freestream. The tunnel velocity was varied from
0 (simulating a hover condition) to 128 ft/sec in propeller mode. A six-component internal balance measured the aerodynamic
loads for a range of model configurations. including the isolated rotor, the isolated duct, and the full configuration of the duct
and rotor. For some conditions, hotwire velocity surveys were conducted along the inner and outer surface of the duct and
across the downstream wake. In addition, fluorescent oil flow visualization allowed the flow separation patterns inside and
outside of the duct to be mapped for a few test conditions. Two different duct shapes were tested to determine the performance
effects of leading edge radius. For each duct, a range of rotor tip gap from 1%R to 4.5%R was tested to determine the
performance penalty in hover and axial flight. Measured results are presented in terms of hover performance, hover
performance in a crosswind, and high angle of attack performance in propeller mode. In each case, the effects of both tip gap
and duct leading edge radius are illustrated using measurements. Some of the hover performance issues were also studied
using a simple analytical method, and the results agreed with the measurements.
Author
Vertical Takeoff Aircraft; Aerodynamic Loads; Angle of Attack; Flow Distribution
20050009954 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Assessment of Comprehensive Analysis Calculation of Structural Loads on Rotors
Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Johnson, Wayne; [2004]; 26 pp.; In English; American Helicopter Society 60th Annual Forum, 7-10 Jun.
2004, Baltimore, MD, USA; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Blade flap bending moments are investigated for six rotors operating at transition and high speeds: H-34 in flight and wind
tunnel, SA 330 (research Puma), SA 349/2, UH-60A full-scale, and BO-105 model (HART-I). The measured data from flight
and wind tunnel tests are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II. The
calculations mere made using two free wake models: rolled-up and multiple-trailer with consolidation models. At transition
speed, there is fair to good agreement for the flap bending moment between the test data and analysis for the H-34, research
Puma, and SA 349/2 with the rolled-up wake. The calculated flap bending moments differ significantly from measurements
for the UH-60A and BO-105. Better correlation is obtained for the UH-60A by using the multiple-trailer with consolidation
wake model. Although the multiple-trailer with consolidation wake model shows good correlation on the normal force for the
BO-105, the same analysis shows poor correlation on the flap bending moment. In the high speed condition, the analysis shows
generally good agreement with the research Puma flight data in both magnitude and phase. However, poor agreement is
obtained for the other rotors examined. Although the analysis significantly underpredicts the vibratory normal force on the
advancing side for the H-34, the vibratory bending moment correlation is fair to good on both magnitude and phase.
Author
Bending Moments; BO-105 Helicopter; Flapping; Flight Tests; Rotors
10
20050010170 NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA USA
Automatic Air Collision Avoidance System (Auto-ACAS)
Skoog, Mark A.; Sep. 2003; 11 pp.; In English; UAV 2002 Conference and Exhibition, 11-14 Jun. 2002, Paris, France;
Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427453; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Briefing charts from presentation on the Automatic Air Collision Avoidance System(Auto-ACAS).
DTIC
Collision Avoidance; Drone Vehicles
20050010193 Dornier-Werke G.m.b.H., Friedrichshafen, Germany
Reconnaissance System UAV CL 289 Status and Programme Upgrade
Sep. 2003; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427556; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Briefing charts of presentation on the history, past performance and upgrades of the reconnaissance UAV CL 289.
DTIC
Drone Vehicles; Reconnaissance; Retrofitting; Surveillance; Targets
20050010194 Elbit Systems Ltd., Israel
HERMES 180 UAV Development Program
Keren, Yair, Author; Sep. 2003; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427559; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Briefing charts from presentation on the development of the HERMES 180 UAV.
DTIC
Drone Vehicles; Systems Engineering
20050010196 Sinovia, France
SINOVIA: An Open Approach for Heterogeneous ISR Systems Inter-Operability
Moreno, Carlos, Author; Belot, S., Author; Sep. 2003; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427564; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Briefing charts from presentation by Sinovia; offering an open system approach for heterogeneous ISR(Intelligence,
Surveillance, Reconnaissance) systems interoperability with their Plug and Net(R) technology.
DTIC
Drone Vehicles; Heterogeneity
20050010197 BAI Aerosystems, Inc., Easton, MD USA
Dragon Drone UAV System
Sep. 2003; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427572; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Technical publication containing information on the development and application of the Dragon Drone UAV system.
DTIC
Drone Aircraft; Drone Vehicles; Systems Engineering
20050010198 METEOR Costruzioni Aeronautiche ed Elettroniche S.p.A., Ronchi dei Legionari, Italy
A Modular, Reconfigurable Surveillance UAV Architecture
Valentinis, Francis, Author; Cistriani, Luca, Author; Trentadue, Luciano, Author; Sep. 2003; 19 pp.; In English; Original
contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427573; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Briefing charts from presentation on a modular, reconfigurable surveillance UAV architecture.
DTIC
Drone Vehicles; Surveillance
11
20050010199 Black Art Composites Ltd, UK
RAVEN-2: Around-The-World UAV Project
Burleigh, Chris, Author; Sep. 2003; 29 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427574; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The Raven around-the-world UAV project is part of an on-going effort to build up a significant European capability in
the design, construction and operation of large UAVs and manned reconnaissance aircraft. The goal of the project is to fly a
large high-altitude jet UAV non-stop and un-refueled around the world using the trans-polar route. The project will
demonstrate the technology of long-range reconnaissance UAVs. It will develop the procedures and capability of operating
large UAVs from conventional air bases in the conventional air traffic environment. It will establish an industrial grouping of
companies capable of becoming prime-contractors for future military UAV procurements.
DTIC
Drone Vehicles; Reconnaissance Aircraft
20050010219 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Contributions to Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Missions for Expeditionary
Operations
Raffetto, Mark, Author; Sep. 2004; 100 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427707; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This study analyzes the impact of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capabilities on intelligence gathering missions for a
Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) commander in 2015. The Marine Corps Warfighting Lab (MCWL) is developing
requirements for an intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) UAV that supports rapid planning and decision
making for multiple concurrent operations and facilitates maneuver and precision engagement. The acquisition of a 2008
Pioneer replacement also is underway at Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM). However, the importance
of various capabilities for this replacement UAV presently lacks quantitative analysis. Through modeling, agent-based
simulation, and data mining, this study explores the validity of current requirements and provides insights into the importance
of various UAV characteristics, such as airspeed, endurance, sweep width, and sensor capability. Each year, the Navy/Marine
Corps conducts Fleet Battle Experiment Sea Viking in Southern California. The primary objective is Command and Control
and ISR development. This study looks at UAV operations in the Sea Viking scenario provided by MCWL in the MANA
agent-based modeling environment utilizing robust design, Latin hypercubes, data farming techniques, the Maui High
Performance Computing Center, and the JMP Statistical Discovery Software package. The Sea Viking Experiment, the Marine
Corps’ largest annual experiment, provides a credible scenario for model development. The advantages of tactical routing, a
7 hour (or greater) on-station time, a minimum 4,500 meter sweep width, and a probability of classification of at least 0.4 are
verified for the Sea Viking scenario. This analysis indicates that a UAV in this scenario does not need to travel in excess of
200 knots. The results have design consequences for MCWL’s Sea Viking 20XX and provide key parameters for
physics-based simulations such as COMBAT XXI. A 15-item bibliography is included. (26 figures, 26 refs7
DTIC
Airspeed; Classifications; Computerized Simulation; Detection; Drone Vehicles; Intelligence; Pilotless Aircraft;
Reconnaissance; Surveillance; Target Acquisition; Targets
20050010233 Air Force Occupational Measurement Center, Randolph AFB, TX USA
Occupational Survey Report AFSC 2M0X1 Missile and Space Systems Electronic Maintenance
Smalley, Joshua, Author; Jun. 2004; 41 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427757; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Briefing charts from presentation on findings of the Occupational Survey Report AFSC 2M0X1 for Missile and Space
Systems Electronic Maintenance.
DTIC
Aerospace Systems; Armed Forces (United States); Maintenance; Military Personnel; Missile Systems; Personnel; Surveys;
Tasks
20050010235 Air Force Occupational Measurement Center, Randolph AFB, TX USA
Occupational Survey Report, AFSC 2A7X3, Aircraft Structural Maintenance
Pickett, Bryan, Author; Jun. 2004; 47 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427761; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
12
Briefing charts from presentation of findings from Occupational Survey Report AFSC 2A7X3, Aircraft Structural
Maintenance.
DTIC
Armed Forces (United States); Maintenance; Military Personnel; Personnel; Surveys; Tasks
20050010237 Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago, IL USA
First-In-Flight Full-Scale Application of Active Flow Control: The XV-15 Tiltrotor Download Reduction
Nagib, Hassan M., Author; Kiedaisch, John W., Author; Wygnanski, Israel J., Author; Stalker, Aaron D., Author; Wood, Tom,
Author; Oct. 2004; 35 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): W911NF-04-1-0012
Report No.(s): AD-A427772; RMAC/CD/NC-45829.1-EG; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
No abstract available
Tilt Rotor Aircraft; XV-15 Aircraft
20050010262 Braim Image Tech, Inc., Coral Gables, FL USA
Novel Airborne Video Sensors. Super-Resolution Multi-Camera Panoramic Imaging System for UAVs
Negahdaripour, Shahriar, Author; Oct. 2004; 115 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): W31P4Q-04-C-R105; ARPA ORDER-P372-43
Report No.(s): AD-A427823; BTI-0002; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy
Application of a camera array as a flexible, reconfigurable, inexpensive high-resolution panoramic motion-imagery sensor
for low-altitude reconnaissance aircrafts is investigated. Assuming multiple-view noisy image position measurements of
terrain features and known camera projection matrices by calibration, terrain feature localization and UAV positioning are
analyzed by computer simulations, with/without supplementary gyro and GPS. How various system parameters impact the
achievable precision of panoramic system in 3-D terrain feature localization and UAV motion estimation is determined for the
A=0.5-2 KM) FLIGHT ALTITUDE RANGE. Enhancement of estimation accuracy from GPS and gyro is explored.
Estimation error variance plots are given as a function of camera resolutions, viewing angles, flight altitudes, GPS and altitude
measurement errors, number of views, etc. Selected results, from point correspondences in 4Kpixx4Kpix images and utilizing
GPS readings with one-meter error variance at 0.5-2 KM) ALTITUDES, COMPRISE: Estimating 3-D coordinates of ground
features tracked in 1-2 dozen images with A/10 baselines at sub-meter accuracy; Determining UAV pose with 0.1-0.3 DEG
variance by matching 2-3 dozens of features in two views. The results provide valuable guidelines for the integration of
camera-array images into one super resolution panorama, registering multiple panoramas to construct a single composite view,
integration of visual survo with onboard sensors, map-based navigation and AUV positioning. Computed performance charts
enable the design of optimal high-resolution imaging system based on the UAV size and capability constraints.
DTIC
Airborne Equipment; Cameras; Drone Vehicles; High Resolution; Imaging Techniques; Video Equipment
20050010299 Air War Coll., Maxwell AFB, AL USA
Tanker Force Structure: Recapitalization of the KC-135
Narvid, Juan C., Author; Aug. 2004; 40 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427890; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The USA Air Force KC-135 fleet is nearly 50 years old; recent studies show that it is time for the recapitalization of this
tanker fleet. The present inventory of aircraft went through many upgrades and modifications, but all are still the basic
A-model aircraft initially purchased by the Air Force in the late 1950s. The Air Force needs to replace this aged aircraft by
designing a new tanker from the ground up, capable of responding to the threat environment of today and the future. The
KC-135 aircraft has been an outstanding platform for aerial refueling, and through some enhancements it has been able to
leverage some of its capabilities in airlift and communication. However, the Air Force has the opportunity with its next class
of tankers to field a new tanker with capabilities that can serve all the services in the more demanding joint and coalition
warfare of the future. In this paper, the author challenges air mobility warriors to develop a tanker force structure that
overcomes the thinking of old to launch new concepts and capabilities for the future tanker. He argues that the future of
warfare will require a tanker that is able to operate as a force enabler across the full spectrum of operations. This research is
timely in that the Boeing 767 is being looked at as a replacement for some of the older KC-135s. In contrast to some of the
767’s capabilities, he outlines a conceptual tanker that combines airlift and aerial-refueling capabilities and is able to survive
13
in a combat environment, and he leverages its ability to act as a platform to enhance network-centric warfare. He points out
that while the ‘Cadillac’ of all tankers may only be conceived in the minds of Airmen, the tanker of the future cannot resemble
the single-role tanker of the past. A 33-item bibliography is included. (2 figures, 44 refs.)
DTIC
C-135 Aircraft; Tanker Aircraft
20050010307 Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, CA USA
TWA Flight 800 Missile Impact Analysis
Bott, Richard, Author; Dec. 1997; 24 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427917; NAWC-WPNS-TM-8126; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The military services routinely conduct destructive testing of aircraft by subjecting them to missile and projectile damage
under conditions likely to be encountered in combat. This live-fire testing has built considerable expertise in identifying
warhead damage on aircraft structure and systems. The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Transportation Safety
Board requested assistance from the military community in identifying possible missile impact damage on the wreckage of
TWA Flight 800. Visits to Calverton. N.Y.. were made to examine the wreckage from TWA Flight 800. These inspections were
documented and combined with other data to analyze the possibility that a shoulder-launched missile was responsible for the
destruction of the aircraft. This report presents the results of the TWA Flight 800 analysis. This report is intended as a
quick-look engineering summary. not a detailed scientific analyses.
DTIC
Commercial Aircraft; Damage Assessment; Missiles; Shoulders
20050010314 Test Wing (0412th), Edwards AFB, CA USA
C-17 Test Data Archive Effort
Fuqua, Dwight, Author; Greer, James, Author; Oct. 2004; 47 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427927; 412/TW-PA-04199; XC-412/TW; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In fiscal year (FY) 2003, the Test Director initiated comprehensive planning for management of the C-17 data elements.
Including the bulk instrumentation data collected, this plan also addressed the management of programmatic information and
correlation from the test definition program phase through the archiving of test reporting Information. The envisioned end-state
of the C-17 test data archive effort, also referred to as the C-17 Enterprise Test Data Management System (ETDMS), seeks
to provide the C-17 Test Team with cradle-to-grave data management at a level unprecedented in the flight test community
and is described herein. Five modest objectives were set for the effort at initiation; these were: Objective 1: Establish C-17
Technical Library; Complete Deployment of LiveLink Distribution System, Objective 2: Improve Data Analysis (Telemetry)
Toolset and Products; Train Users, Objective 3: Modernize Legacy Databases/Applications (Measurands, Calibrations,
Generation of the Test Parameter Requirements TPR document), Objective 4: Fix the Test Planning and Test Point Tracking
User Interface, Objective 5: Implement the Approved ETDMS framework. Collaterally, the C-17 ETDMS will support the
efforts of our co-located NASA-Dryden colleagues seeking to improve the abilities of our National Airspace System (NAS)
to support industry initiatives such as aircraft health monitoring and ‘call-ahead’ maintenance planning.
DTIC
Data Bases; Data Management; Transport Aircraft
20050010315 McDonnell-Douglas Corp., Saint Louis, MO USA
Robust Adaptive Control of UCAVs
Ikeda, Yutaka, Author; Ramsey, James, Author; Lavretsky, Eugene, Author; McCormick, Patrick, Author; Sep. 2004; 96 pp.;
In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-C-0027
Report No.(s): AD-A427938; STL2004P0037; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0544; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy
This report describes work performed to investigate adaptive nonlinear control for UCAVs. Specifc control techniques
investigated were Internal Model Principle Nonliear Output Regulation for UCAV flight control desing and aero-servo-elastic
filter deisgn; and Adaptive Inverse Control for electromagnetic actuator control design for UAVs and advaced missiles.
Simulation results show good command following (or reference tracking) characteristic of the Internal Model Priciple Output
Regulation technique for designs of flight control and actuator control. The simulation results also show good disturbance
allenuation charnctenstic of the Intemal Model Principle Output Regulation technique for aero-serve-elastic filter design.
Neural Networks Adaptive Control was also evaluated in the UCAV flight control application, and similar results to those with
14
the Internal Model Priciple Output Regulation control were observed. The Adaptive Inverrse Control technique showed some
potential for comtrolling the electromagnetic actuators which contain nonilear elemets such as dead-zone, backlash, friction,
and quantization errors. However, it introduced chaflering and sensitivity to the initial estimation error of the unknow
parameters. The Internal Model Priciple Output Regualtion technique was also applied to the eletromagnetic actuator model
and resolved the chattering and sensitivity to the parameter estimation errors.
DTIC
Adaptive Control
20050019301 NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA USA
Interim Strategies for Flying UAVs in the U.S. National Airspace System
Sep. 2003; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427350; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Briefing charts from presentation on interim strategies for flying UAVs in the U.S. national airspace system.
DTIC
Airspace; Drone Vehicles; National Airspace System; United States
20050019440 Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Changes in Global Hawk’s Acquisition Strategy are Needed to Reduce Program Risks
Nov. 2004; 50 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101853; GAO-05-6; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Global Hawk offers significant military capabilities to capture and quickly transmit high-quality images of targets and
terrain, day or night, and in adverse weather- without risk to an onboard pilot. Global Hawk first flew in the late 1990s as a
demonstrator and supported recent combat operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. In 2001, the Air Force began an acquisition
program to develop and produce improved Global Hawks. In 2002, the Department of Defense (DOD) restructured and
accelerated the program to include a new, larger and more capable air vehicle. GAO was asked to review the program and
discuss (1) the restructuring’s effect on the Air Force’s ability to deliver new capabilities to the warfighter and (2) whether
its current business case and management approach is knowledge-based and can help forestall future risks.
NTIS
Government Procurement; Project Management; Strategy; Pilotless Aircraft
07
AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
Includes primary propulsion systems and related systems and components, e.g., gas turbine engines, compressors, and fuel systems;
and onboard auxiliary power plants for aircraft. For related information see also 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; 28 Propellants
and Fuels; and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.
20050019219 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Performance Characterization of a Lithium-Ion Gel Polymer Battery Power Supply System for an Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle
Reid, Concha M.; Manzo, Michelle A.; Logan, Michael J.; November 2004; 13 pp.; In English; Power Systems Conference,
2-4 Nov. 2004, Reno, NV, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-319-20-L1
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213401; SAE-2004-01-3166; E-14907; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are currently under development for NASA missions, earth sciences, aeronautics, the
military, and commercial applications. The design of an all electric power and propulsion system for small UAVs was the focus
of a detailed study. Currently, many of these small vehicles are powered by primary (nonrechargeable) lithium-based batteries.
While this type of battery is capable of satisfying some of the mission needs, a secondary (rechargeable) battery power supply
system that can provide the same functionality as the current system at the same or lower system mass and volume is desired.
A study of commercially available secondary battery cell technologies that could provide the desired performance
characteristics was performed. Due to the strict mass limitations and wide operating temperature requirements of small UAVs,
the only viable cell chemistries were determined to be lithium-ion liquid electrolyte systems and lithium-ion gel polymer
electrolyte systems. Two lithium-ion gel polymer cell designs were selected as candidates and were tested using potential load
profiles for UAV applications. Because lithium primary batteries have a higher specific energy and energy density, for the same
15
mass and volume allocation, the secondary batteries resulted in shorter flight times than the primary batteries typically provide.
When the batteries were operated at lower ambient temperatures (0 to -20 C), flight times were even further reduced. Despite
the reduced flight times demonstrated, for certain UAV applications, the secondary batteries operated within the acceptable
range of flight times at room temperature and above. The results of this testing indicate that a secondary battery power supply
system can provide some benefits over the primary battery power supply system. A UAV can be operated for hundreds of
flights using a secondary battery power supply system that provides the combined benefits of rechargeability and an inherently
safer chemistry.
Author
Lithium Batteries; Storage Batteries; Electric Batteries; Pilotless Aircraft; Loads (Forces)
08
AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL
Includes flight dynamics, aircraft handling qualities, piloting, flight controls, and autopilots. For related information see also 05 Aircraft
Design, Testing and Performance and 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation.
20050009946 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Aircraft Spacings that Produce a Vortex-Free Region Below Flight Formation
Rossow, Vernon J.; December 12, 2000; 2 pp.; In English; 20th AIAA Applied Aerodynamic Conference
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 727-01-22; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Theoretical estimates are presented for the motion of vortex wakes shed by multiple aircraft flying in close formation. The
purpose of the theoretical study was to determine whether the spacings between adjacent aircraft in close formations could
be designed so that the lift-generated vortices being trailed would move upward rather than downward. In this way, a region
below the formation is produced that is free of vortices. It was found that aircraft can be arranged in formations so that the
inboard wake vortices all move upward rather than downward. The two outboard vortices travel downward at a greatly reduced
velocity that depends on the number of aircraft in the formation. If the desired motions are to be produced, the lateral spacings
between adjacent aircraft centerlines must be between 1.1 and 1.5 wingspans, and the vertical spacings between -0.025 and
-0.15 wingspans. Since the range of acceptable spacings is small, it is recommended that the position accuracy between aircraft
in the formation be kept within about + or - 0.01 wingspan of the center of acceptable spacings so that aircraft meandering
do not cause unwanted vortex excursions. It was also found that, if the in-trail spacings between adjacent aircraft are more
than 4 wingspans, the foregoing vertical spacings must be adjusted to allow for the additional downward travel of the vortices
shed by leading aircraft.
Author
Formation Flying; Free Flight; Vortices; Aircraft Approach Spacing
20050010139 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Immunity-Based Aircraft Fault Detection System
Dasgupta, D.; KrishnaKumar, K.; Wong, D.; Berry, M.; August 03, 2004; 14 pp.; In English; AIAA 1st Intelligent Systems
Technical Conference, 20-23 Sep. 2004, Chicago, IL, USA; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In the study reported in this paper, we have developed and applied an Artificial Immune System (AIS) algorithm for
aircraft fault detection, as an extension to a previous work on intelligent flight control (IFC). Though the prior studies had
established the benefits of IFC, one area of weakness that needed to be strengthened was the control dead band induced by
commanding a failed surface. Since the IFC approach uses fault accommodation with no detection, the dead band, although
it reduces over time due to learning, is present and causes degradation in handling qualities. If the failure can be identified,
this dead band can be further A ed to ensure rapid fault accommodation and better handling qualities. The paper describes the
application of an immunity-based approach that can detect a broad spectrum of known and unforeseen failures. The approach
incorporates the knowledge of the normal operational behavior of the aircraft from sensory data, and probabilistically
generates a set of pattern detectors that can detect any abnormalities (including faults) in the behavior pattern indicating unsafe
in-flight operation. We developed a tool called MILD (Multi-level Immune Learning Detection) based on a real-valued
negative selection algorithm that can generate a small number of specialized detectors (as signatures of known failure
conditions) and a larger set of generalized detectors for unknown (or possible) fault conditions. Once the fault is detected and
identified, an adaptive control system would use this detection information to stabilize the aircraft by utilizing available
resources (control surfaces). We experimented with data sets collected under normal and various simulated failure conditions
16
using a piloted motion-base simulation facility. The reported results are from a collection of test cases that reflect the
performance of the proposed immunity-based fault detection algorithm.
Author
Fault Detection; Algorithms; Flight Control; Control Surfaces; Motion Simulation
20050010184 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Stability Analysis of the Slowed-Rotor Compound Helicopter Configuration
Johnson, Wayne; Floros, Matthew W.; [2004]; 24 pp.; In English; American Helicopter Society 60th Annual Forum, 8-10 Jun.
2004, Baltimore, MD, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The stability and control of rotors at high advance ratio are considered. Teetering, articulated, gimbaled, and rigid hub
types are considered for a compound helicopter (rotor and fixed wing). Stability predictions obtained using an analytical rigid
flapping blade analysis, a rigid blade CAMRAD II model, and an elastic blade CAMRAD II model are compared. For the
flapping blade analysis, the teetering rotor is the most stable, 5howing no instabilities up to an advance ratio of 3 and a Lock
number of 18. With an elastic blade model, the teetering rotor is unstable at an advance ratio of 1.5. Analysis of the trim
controls and blade flapping shows that for small positive collective pitch, trim can be maintained without excessive control
input or flapping angles.
Author
Stability Tests; Compound Helicopters; Fixed Wings
20050010222 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
Robust Control, Feedback and Learning: Data-Driven Methods
Safonov, Michael G., Author; Jul. 2004; 6 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0302
Report No.(s): AD-A427715; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0563; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The research effort supported under this grant ended 31 July 2004. A highlight of progress during the final fiscal year was
a clear theoretical explanation of and solution to. the model mismatch stability problem generally associated with
state-of-the-art adaptive control design methods. The source of these model-mismatch instability problems was traced to the
implicit use of absolute-error cost functions and/or use of assumption-driven cost functions. These cost-functions were shown
via counter-example to he capable of giving preference to destabilizing control laws in some cases involving model mismatch.
Having identified the model- mismatch problem, a fix was also identified, which is to employ a data-driven input-output-gain
related cost function for adaptive control-law selection. This progress was enabled by theory that explains the synthesis of
adaptive control processes in terms of control law unfalsification.
DTIC
Adaptive Control; Feedback Control
09
RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
Includes airports, runways, hangars, and aircraft repair and overhaul facilities; wind tunnels, water tunnels, and shock tubes; flight
simulators; and aircraft engine test stands. Also includes airport ground equipment and systems. For airport ground operations see 03
Air Transportation and Safety. For astronautical facilities see 14 Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space).
20050010086 Research Inst. of National Defence, Linkoeping, Sweden
Information Presentation During Load
Eriksson, L.; Dec. 2003; In Swedish
Report No.(s): PB2005-100608; FOI-R-1095-SE; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The project activities were performed between 2001-01-01 and 2003-12-31. The purpose was to study and develop
methods and techniques intended for man-system-interaction (MSI) to enhance operator interaction with systems/systems
interfaces. Of central importance was the operator’s visual perception, as well as evaluation and adjustment of the presented
information as determined by the operator’s situation-dependent abilities. The project activities had a primarily knowledge
building basis on future operator supports implementation. Research implementation foremost involved already employed
techniques. Research issues within primarily six areas of activities were addressed, with the most part focusing on the pilot
and pilot environment. The six areas of activities were (1) Color vision during G-load; (2) Artificial horizon and visual flow;
(3) Perspective presentation; (4) MSI-evaluation with registration of eye-point of gaze and eye movements; (5) Visualization
17
for presentation in simulators and at command sites; and (6) MSI-evaluation methodology. The report briefly presents research
issues and purposes, provides an overview of methods, results and conclusions, and discusses summarizing recommendations
and guidelines. The overall production of the project is reported.
NTIS
Human-Computer Interface; Simulators; Navigation Instruments
20050010140 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Overview of CTAS Research and Development at NASA Ames Research Center
Edwards, Thomas A.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 760-12-40; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
This presentation will be a standard briefing package to be given at a variety of research laboratories in Europe in
conjunction with site visits. The talk will include a brief overview of the history of CTAS, a summary of the development
process and facilities, and will then highlight recent accomplishments and developments. These include Free Flight Phase One
deployments, Free Flight Phase Two planned deployments, and recent results from research on tools in development, such as
Active FAST and Direct-To. The material for the presentation will be drawn entirely from previously published material.
Author
Research Facilities; Air Traffıc Control; Management Systems
12
ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to space flight and manned and unmanned space vehicles, platforms or objects launched into,
or assembled in, outer space; and related components and equipment. Also includes manufacturing and maintenance of such vehicles
or platforms. For specific topics in astronautics see categories 13 through 20. For extraterrestrial exploration see 91 Lunar and Planetary
Science and Exploration.
20050000120 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Transformational System Concepts and Technologies for Future Space Applications
Mankins, John C.; Howell, Joe T.; [2004]; 15 pp.; In English; 2004 JUSTSAP Workshop, 11-14 Nov. 2004, Kona, HI, USA;
No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The President’s VIsion for Space Exploration offers opportunities to seek new paradigms and develop transformational
space infrastructures. First steps are being taken to develop transformational system concepts such as modular reconfigurable
systems, cryogenic propellant depots to preposition propellants, etc., and to develop other critical technologies.
Author
Cryogenics; Propellants; Space Exploration; Technology Utilization
20050010127 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder(CMIS) Sensor Requirements Document (SRD) for National PolarOrbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Spacecraft and Sensors
Mar. 1997; 132 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101768; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy
This Sensor Requirements Document sets forth the requirements of the CONICAL SCANNING MICROWAVE
IMAGER/SOUNDER which is part of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) and
is hereinafter referred to as the CMIS. The purpose of the CMIS is to collect global microwave radiometry and sounding data.
This data will be processed to produce microwave imagery and other specialized meteorological and oceanographic data using
algorithms developed in conjunction with the flight hardware. The data will be processed from Raw Data Records (RDRs) into
Sensor Data Records (SDRs), Temperature Data Records (TDRs) and Environmental Data Records (EDRs). Data will be
disseminated to users worldwide by the Department of Defense, Department of Commerce and the European Meteorological
Organization.
NTIS
Conical Scanning; Meteorological Parameters; Microwave Imagery; Microwave Radiometers
18
14
GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE)
Includes launch complexes, research and production facilities; ground support equipment, e.g., mobile transporters; and test chambers
and simulators. Also includes extraterrestrial bases and supporting equipment. For related information see also 09 Research and
Support Facilities (Air).
20050000111 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Rapid Ascent Simulation at NASA-MSFC
Sisco, Jimmy D.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; IEST 23rd Space Simulation Conference, 8-11 Nov. 2004, Annapolis, MD, USA;
No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The Environmental Test Facility (ETF), located at NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, has
provided thermal vacuum testing for several major programs since the 1960’s. The ETF consists of over 13 thermal vacuum
chambers sized and configured to handle the majority of test payloads. The majority of tests require a hard vacuum with
heating and cryogenics. NASA’s Return-to-Flight program requested testing to simulate a launch from the ground to flight
using vacuum, heating and cryogenics. This paper describes an effective method for simulating a launch.
Author
Test Facilities; Space Environment Simulation; Spacecraft Launching; Ascent
15
LAUNCH VEHICLES AND LAUNCH OPERATIONS
Includes all classes of launch vehicles, launch/space vehicle systems, and boosters; and launch operations. For related information see
also 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance; and 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power.
20050009947 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Integration of Dynamic Models in Range Operations
Bardina, Jorge; Thirumalainambi, Rajkumar; [2004]; 8 pp.; In English; World Aviation Congress 2004, 2004, Reno, NV, USA
Report No.(s): SAE-2004-013083; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
This work addresses the various model interactions in real-time to make an efficient internet based decision making tool
for Shuttle launch. The decision making tool depends on the launch commit criteria coupled with physical models. Dynamic
interaction between a wide variety of simulation applications and techniques, embedded algorithms, and data visualizations
are needed to exploit the full potential of modeling and simulation. This paper also discusses in depth details of web based
3-D graphics and applications to range safety. The advantages of this dynamic model integration are secure accessibility and
distribution of real time information to other NASA centers.
Author
Systems Integration; Dynamic Models; Spacecraft Launching; Decision Support Systems
20050010206 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
NPSAT1 Magnetic Attitude Control System Algorithm Verification, Validation, and Air-Bearing Tests
Herbert, Eric W., Author; Sep. 2004; 211 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427680; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
NPSAT1 is a gravity gradient friendly, prolate body designed to fly at 600 40 km inclined to 34.5 degrees. The satellite
uses a magnetic 3-axis active attitude control system (ACS) using magnetic torque rods that interact with the Earth’s magnetic
field. This thesis accomplishes three goals. The first objective was to verify and to validate the magnetic attitude control system
program and model developed by Leonard. The verification and validation process was completed in two steps. The first step
accomplished an independent modeling of the Earth’s magnetic field using MATLAB. The second step completed a
verification via inspection of Leonard’s ACS SIMULINK model. The verification confirmed that Leonard’s modular sub
components of the disturbance torques, the quaternion vectors, the Euler angles, the spacecraft kinematics and dynamics, and
the ACS control laws conformed to current ACS empirical theory. The second goal was to establish a laboratory used to
demonstrate the ACS robustness and ability to perform as designed. The laboratory was created to house an air-bearing
platform that simulates NPSAT1 characteristics. The third goal was to perform hardware-in-the-loop experiments with the
NPSAT1 ACS software and model. Hardware-in-the-loop tests were performed to the magnetic torque rods, torque rod driver
circuit board, micro-controller computer, and control interfaces. Specifically, solenoid current tests, magnetic field
19
determination tests, and digital-to-analog conversion tests were completed.
DTIC
Algorithms; Attitude Control; Computer Programs; Gas Bearings; Magnetic Control; Magnetic Fields; Magnetometers;
Proving
20050010379 Systems Planning and Analysis, Inc., Alexandria, VA USA
Evolving Optimal Submunition Design for Attacking Relocatable Targets
Sullivan, Keith, Author; Luke, Sean, Author; Nov. 2004; 13 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A428145; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Relocatable targets are mobile targets that will stay in a discrete location for an unknown, random length of time before
moving to another location. Such targets include mobile missile launchers, air defense units, fuel trucks and other high value
targets (e.g. maneuver forces). Using a combination of multiagent simulation and a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, we
evolve optimal submunition design characteristics for attacking relocatable target examined three types of target concealment,
and discovered that high probability of detection, short delay times, and multiple submunitions are required for successful
engagement.
DTIC
Mathematical Models; Targets
16
SPACE TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
Includes passenger and cargo space transportation, e.g., shuttle operations; and space rescue techniques. For related information see
also 03 Air Transportation and Safety; 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations; and 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.
For space suits see 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.
20050019442 Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA
Space Shuttle: Costs for Hubble Servicing Mission and Implementation of Safety. Recommendations Not Yet Definitive
Nov. 2004; 30 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101854; GAO-05-34; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Hubble’s continued operation has been dependent on manned servicing missions using the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration’s (NASA) shuttle fleet. The fleet was grounded in early 2003 following the loss of the Space Shuttle
Columbia, as NASA focused its efforts on responding to recommendations made by the Columbia Accident Investigation
Board (CAIB). In January 2004, NASA announced its decision to cancel the final planned Hubble servicing mission, primarily
because of safety concerns. Without some type of servicing mission, NASA anticipates that Hubble will cease to support
scientific investigations by the end of the decade. NASA’s decision not to service the Hubble prompted debate about potential
alternatives to prolong Hubble’s mission and the respective costs of these alternatives. This report addresses the basis of
NASA’s cost estimates to (1) service Hubble using the shuttle and (2) implement recommendations made by the CAIB. GAO
is continuing its work on the Subcommittee’s request that GAO examine the potential cost of a robotic servicing mission to
the Hubble Telescope.
NTIS
Space Shuttles; Hubble Space Telescope; Orbital Servicing
17
SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMMAND AND TRACKING
Includes space systems telemetry; space communications networks; astronavigation and guidance; and spacecraft radio blackout. For
related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 32 Communications and Radar.
20050009928 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Integration of On-board EOS Schedule Revision with Space Communication Emulation System
Khatib, Lina; Morris, Robert; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; 8th ESA Workshop on Advance Space Technologies for Robotics and
Automation, ‘ASTRA 2004’, 2-4 Nov. 2004, Noordwijk, Netherlands; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The need for on-board decision-making for planning science observations on Earth Observing Satellites is based on the
fact that the desirability of acquiring an image can change dynamically, because of changes in meteorological conditions (e.g.
20
cloud cover), unforeseen events such as fires, floods, or volcanic eruptions, or unexpected changes in satellite or ground station
capability. In such cases, satellite resources, such as power and SSR capacity can potentially be better utilized taking another
image that is of higher quality. Currently, typical Earth observing satellites cannot communicate directly with each other, and
can only communicate with ground stations about 5% to 10% of the time. Because of the limited communication windows,
as well as the cost and effort that would need to be expended in revising a mission schedule, a ground-based scheduler would
have little or no opportunity to revise the schedule in response to the contingencies that may arise. For this reason, a distributed
science planning system combining a ground-based scheduler with on-board schedule revision capabilities is warranted. This
paper will describe algorithms for on-board decision-making for science planning and their integration with the advanced
satellite control and communications technology developed at the Space Communication Emulation Facility (SCEF) at NASA
Glenn Research Center. Our objective of demonstrating how advanced communications and scheduling technology can be
combined to improve the scientific utility of images acquired by Earth observing systems will be discussed via a description
of a number of realistic flight scenarios.
Author
Space Communication; Satellite Control; Scheduling; Decision Making; Ground Stations
18
SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
Includes satellites; space platforms; space stations; spacecraft systems and components such as thermal and environmental controls;
and spacecraft control and stability characteristics. For life support systems see 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support. For
related information see also 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance; 39 Structural Mechanics; and 16 Space Transportation and
Safety.
20050000123 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Solar Sail Material Performance Property Response to Space Environmental Effects
Edwards, David L.; Semmel, Charles; Hovater, Mary; Nehls, Mary; Gray, Perry; Hubbs, Whitney; Wertz, George; Photonics
for Space Environments IX; [2004]; Volume 5554; 13 pp.; In English; Photonics for Space Environments IX, 2-3 Aug. 2004,
Denver, CO, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): 800-53-07
Report No.(s): SPIE Paper 5554-10; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) continues research
into the utilization of photonic materials for spacecraft propulsion. Spacecraft propulsion, using photonic materials, will be
achieved using a solar sail. A solar sail operates on the principle that photons, originating from the sun, impart pressure to the
sail and therefore provide a source for spacecraft propulsion. The pressure imparted to a solar sail can be increased, up to a
factor of two, if the sun-facing surface is perfectly reflective. Therefore, these solar sails are generally composed of a highly
reflective metallic sun-facing layer, a thin polymeric substrate and occasionally a highly emissive back surface. Near term solar
sail propelled science missions are targeting the Lagrange point 1 (Ll) as well as locations sunward of L1 as destinations.
These near term missions include the Solar Polar Imager and the L1 Diamond. The Environmental Effects Group at NASA
s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) continues to actively characterize solar sail material in preparation for these near term
solar sail missions. Previous investigations indicated that space environmental effects on sail material thermo-optical
properties were minimal and would not significantly affect the propulsion efficiency of the sail. These investigations also
indicated that the sail material mechanical stability degrades with increasing radiation exposure. This paper will further
quantify the effect of space environmental exposure on the mechanical properties of candidate sail materials. Candidate sail
materials for these missions include Aluminum coated Mylar[TM], Teonex[TM], and CPl (Colorless Polyimide). These
materials were subjected to uniform radiation doses of electrons and protons in individual exposures sequences. Dose values
ranged from 100 Mrads to over 5 Grads. The engineering performance property responses of thermo-optical and mechanical
properties were characterized. The contribution of Near Ultraviolet (NUV) radiation combined with electron and proton
radiation was also investigated.
Author
Solar Sails; Electrons; Protons; Ultraviolet Radiation; Aerospace Environments; Spacecraft Propulsion
20050009879 Space News, Springfield, VA, USA
Ball Designs Drag Device for Future Moon-Mars Exploration
David, Leonard; Space News; December 13, 2004; ISSN 1046-6940; Volume 15, No. 49, pp. 20; In English; Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources
21
The articles describes the ballute, an inflatable, thin-film devise that would be used to slow a spacecraft’s speed for reentry
into the atmosphere. The ballute will fly high in the atmosphere and decelerate itself and the attached payload over a period
of time. Flying so high will help to reduce heating loads on the ballute, permitting the use of thin-film materials.
CASI
Ballutes; Drag Devices; Heating; Thin Films
20050009890 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Test Laboratory Facilities and Capabilities
Hamilton, Jeff; [2004]; 2 pp.; In English; NASA Capability Roadmap Public Workshop, 30 Nov. 2004, Washington, DC,
USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
The Test Laboratory at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, located inside the boundaries of 40,000 acre Redstone
Arsenal military reservation, has over 50 test facilities across 400+ acres, many inside an additional secure, fenced area. About
150 Government and 250 contractor personnel operate test facilities capable of all types of propulsion and structural testing,
from small components to engine systems and structural strength/dynamic and environmental testing. We have tremendous
engineering expertise in research, evaluation, analysis, design and development, and test of space transportation systems,
subsystems, and components.
Author
Test Facilities; Space Transportation System; Research Facilities; Laboratories; Engine Tests; Dynamic Tests
20050009896 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
A High-Energy Technology Demonstration Platform: The First Step in a Stepping Stones Approach to Energy-Rich
Space Infrastructures
Carrington, Connie; Day, Greg; [2004]; 20 pp.; In English; 2004 JUSTSAP Workshop, 11-14 Nov. 2004, Kona, HI, USA; No
Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The slide presentation examines advanced technologies in spacecraft design, space solar power primary payload options,
modular spacecraft design, and spacecraft compatible with medium ELV performance. The discussion of advanced
technologies in spacecraft design includes power subsystem sized to satisfy all near-term spacecraft power needs, spacecraft
bus provides test-bed for maturing technologies, and no insurmountable technical hurdles. The discussion of space solar power
primary payload options examines large envelope with standard interfaces reserved for high-power payload. The discussion
of modular spacecraft design includes upgrade opportunities, capability for mission tailoring, and bus qualified for most launch
vehicles. This discussion of spacecraft compatible with medium ELV performance includes mass capability to ISS orbit and
fairing capability for large payloads on the bus.
CASI
Launch Vehicles; Spacecraft Design; Payloads; Test Stands
20050009930 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Internet Based Simulations of Debris Dispersion of Shuttle Launch
Bardina, Jorge; Thirumalainambi, Rajkumar; [2004]; 6 pp.; In English; World Aviation Congress, 2004, Reno, NV, USA
Report No.(s): 2004-01-3082; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The debris dispersion model (which dispersion model?) is so heterogeneous and interrelated with various factors, 3D
graphics combined with physical models are useful in understanding the complexity of launch and range operations. Modeling
and simulation in this area mainly focuses on orbital dynamics and range safety concepts, including destruct limits, telemetry
and tracking, and population risk. Particle explosion modeling is the process of simulating an explosion by breaking the rocket
into many pieces. The particles are scattered throughout their motion using the laws of physics eventually coming to rest. The
size of the foot print explains the type of explosion and distribution of the particles. The shuttle launch and range operations
in this paper are discussed based on the operations of the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA. Java 3D graphics provides
geometric and visual content with suitable modeling behaviors of Shuttle launches.
Author
Internets; Debris; Range Safety; Spacecraft Launching; Space Shuttle Orbiters
20050009953 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Evolvable Hardware for Space Applications
Lohn, Jason; Globus, Al; Hornby, Gregory; Larchev, Gregory; Kraus, William; [2004]; 13 pp.; In English; AIAA Intelligent
Systems Conference; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
22
This article surveys the research of the Evolvable Systems Group at NASA Ames Research Center. Over the past few
years, our group has developed the ability to use evolutionary algorithms in a variety of NASA applications ranging from
spacecraft antenna design, fault tolerance for programmable logic chips, atomic force field parameter fitting, analog circuit
design, and earth observing satellite scheduling. In some of these applications, evolutionary algorithms match or improve on
human performance.
Author
Evolvable Hardware; Spacecraft Design; Algorithms; Spacecraft Antennas; Mars (Planet)
20050010075 QSS Group, Inc., Moffett Field, CA, USA
Advanced Diagnostic System on Earth Observing One
Hayden, Sandra C.; Sweet, Adam J.; Christa, Scott E.; Tran, Daniel; Shulman, Seth; September 28, 2004; 14 pp.; In English;
AIAA Space 2004, 28-30 Sep. 2004, San Diego, CA, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS2-00065
Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2004-6108; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In this infusion experiment, the Livingstone 2 (L2) model-based diagnosis engine, developed by the Computational
Sciences division at NASA Ames Research Center, has been uploaded to the Earth Observing One (EO-1) satellite. L2 is
integrated with the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE) which provides an on-board planning capability and a
software bridge to the spacecraft’s 1773 data bus. Using a model of the spacecraft subsystems, L2 predicts nominal state
transitions initiated by control commands, monitors the spacecraft sensors, and, in the case of failure, isolates the fault based
on the discrepant observations. Fault detection and isolation is done by determining a set of component modes, including most
likely failures, which satisfy the current observations. All mode transitions and diagnoses are telemetered to the ground for
analysis. The initial L2 model is scoped to EO-1’s imaging instruments and solid state recorder. Diagnostic scenarios for
EO-1’s nominal imaging timeline are demonstrated by injecting simulated faults on-board the spacecraft. The solid state
recorder stores the science images and also hosts: the experiment software. The main objective of the experiment is to mature
the L2 technology to Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 7. Experiment results are presented, as well as a discussion of the
challenging technical issues encountered. Future extensions may explore coordination with the planner, and model-based
ground operations.
Author
Failure; Fault Detection; Monitors; Spacecraft Instruments; Engine Analyzers
20050010366 Texas Univ., El Paso, TX USA
Modeling Hypervelocity Impact for Kill Enhancement of Ballistic Missile Warheads
Carrasco, Cesar, Author; Osegueda, Roberto, Author; Melchor-Lucero, Octavio, Author; Espino, Luis A., Author; Oct. 2004;
286 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-02-1-0076
Report No.(s): AD-A428102; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0595; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A13, Hardcopy
Scope of work: A computer code was developed to model various ‘endgame’ encounter configuration scenarios between
the EKV and the IBM to quantify and characterize single impacts in the TBM warhead. Numerical simulations using a
commercial hydro-code were conducted to model specific single impact scenarios. A damage index directly calculated from
simulation results based on the penetration of the projectile and the displacement of the target was developed to quantify the
damage inflicted by each impact. The quantified damage of each single case scenario represents a measure of the lethality for
each configuration. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was developed as a rapid solution model to predict damage indices
for a wide range of single impact configurations as a result of the Endgame encounters.
DTIC
Augmentation; Ballistic Missiles; Hypervelocity Impact; Missiles; Warheads
23
20
SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
Includes main propulsion systems and components, e.g., rocket engines; and spacecraft auxiliary power sources. For related
information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power, 28 Propellants and Fuels, 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations, and 44
Energy Production and Conversion.
20050000007 Integrated Concepts and Research Corp., Madison, Heights, MI, USA
Annual Report for the Ultra-Clean Fischer-Tropsch Fuels Production and Demonstration Project
Bergin, S.; Oct. 17, 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822688; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Syntroleum plant is mechanically complete and currently undergoing start-up. The fuel production and demonstration
plan is near completion. The study on the impact of SFP fuel on engine performance is about half-completed. Cold start testing
has been completed. Preparations have been completed for testing the fuel in diesel electric generators in Alaska. Preparations
are in progress for testing the fuel in bus fleets at Denali National Park and the Washington Metropolitan Transit Authority.
The experiments and analyses conducted during this project show that Fischer-Tropsch gas-to- liquid diesel fuel can easily be
used in a diesel engine with little to no modifications. Additionally, based on the results and discussion presented, further
improvements in performance and emissions can be realized by configuring the engine to take advantage of FT diesel fuels
properties. The FT fuel also shows excellent cold start properties and enabled the engine tested to start at more the ten degrees
than traditional fuels would allow. This plant produced through this project will produce large amounts of Fischer-Tropsch
fuel. This will allow the fuel to be tested extensively, in current, prototype, and advanced diesel engines. The fuel may also
contribute to the nations energy security. The military has expressed interest in testing the fuel in aircraft and ground vehicles.
NTIS
Fuel Production; Diesel Fuels; Clean Fuels
20050000010 Texas Univ., Austin, TX, USA
Railplug Ignition System for Enhanced Engine Performance and Reduced Maintenance
Matthews, R.; Nov. 11, 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822387; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
During the first two years of this project, four experimental subtasks were to have begun but only one of these was to have
been completed. Additionally, six modeling subtasks were scheduled to begin, five of which were to have been completed. We
are on schedule for all but two of these 10 subtasks. The experimental tasks are on schedule. A second round of durability tests
has been developed and testing has begun. It is too early to draw conclusions from this second round of durability testing. The
test engine has been moved to a new dyno with superior controls. The baseline tests have been repeated, revealing that the
engine is somewhat more dilution tolerant than originally concluded. Railplug testing has begun, but it is too early to draw
any conclusions from these tests. A new railplug design was generated. It is a hybrid between the coax and parallel designs
that we refer to as the semi-parallel railplug. Development of a model for the railplug ignition process was scheduled for
completion during the fourth 6-month period. This task consists of three elements. First, a railplug circuit model was
developed and validated during the third 6 months. Second, an analytical model was developed for the effects of geometric
and circuit parameters on the Lorentz force. From this model, it was concluded that thermal expansion is important to the
performance of railplugs. Thermal expansion and other physical effects are incorporated in the numerical model that is the
third element of Task 2.2. Although significant progress was made on this last model, unforeseen numerical problems were
encountered due to the unusual nature of the boundary conditions for the electromagnetic force. We expect to find a solution
to this problem in the near future. We delayed the development of a 3D model for the ignition process until near the end of
the project because of the computational time requirements. We can learn most of the important lessons from the 2D model.
Delay of this subtask will not affect the timely completion of the project. Progress has also been made in the technology
transfer task. A third paper on the ignition process has been drafted. It will be submitted to a journal in the near future. Also,
we have begun discussion with Stitt Spark Plug Company regarding commercialization of the railplug. Stitt makes spark plugs
for large bore natural gas engines, and for other applications.
NTIS
Engine Design; Maintenance; Ignition Systems
20050000013 Texas Univ., Austin, TX, USA
Railplug Ignition System for Enhanced Engine Performance and Reduced Maintenance
Matthews, R.; Sep. 29, 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822372; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
24
During the first 18 months of this project, four experimental subtasks were to have begun but only one of these was to
have been completed. Additionally, five modeling subtasks were scheduled to begin, four of which were to have been
completed. We are on schedule for all but one of these subtasks. All four experimental tasks are progressing on schedule. Initial
durability tests were completed. The conclusions drawn from this first round of durability tests are being used to design the
next set of tests. Initial baseline engine data were acquired and showed that the engine selected for this task behaves as hoped.
However, the dyno controller is inadequate. The engine will be moved to another dyno during the near future. The modeling
tasks are also progressing well. A model for the dynamic response of the ignition circuit was developed and validated. Two
technical papers resulting from this model were submitted for publication. Development of a model for the railplug ignition
process was begun but was not scheduled for completion. Progress on this task consisted of two subtasks. First, a railplug
circuit model was also developed and validated. Second, a model was developed for the physics that govern railplug
performance. This initial model incorporated only the effects of the Lorentz force on arc movement. From this model, it is
concluded that thermal expansion is important to the performance of railplugs. Thermal expansion, and other physical effects,
will be added to the model in the near future. We delayed the development of a 3D model for the ignition process, until near
the end of the project because of the computational time requirements. We can learn most of the important lessons from the
2D model. Delay of this subtask will not affect the timely completion of the project.
NTIS
Ignition Systems; Dynamic Response
20050000098 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
In-Space Propulsion (ISP) Solar Sail Propulsion Technology Development
Montgomery, Edward E., IV; September 22, 2004; 7 pp.; In English; 36th Annual Division for Planetary Sciences, 8-10 Nov.
2004, Louisville, KY, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
An overview of the rationale and content for Solar Sail Propulsion (SSP), the on-going project to advance solar
technology from technology readiness level 3 to 6 will be provided. A descriptive summary of the major and minor component
efforts underway will include identification of the technology providers and a listing of anticipated products Recent important
results from major system ground demonstrators will be provided. Finally, a current status of all activities will provided along
with the most recent roadmap for the SSP technology development program.
Author
Solar Sails; Technology Assessment; Spacecraft Propulsion; Space Missions; NASA Space Programs
20050000100 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
NASA Development of Aerocapture Technologies
James, Bonnie; Munk, Michelle; Moon, Steve; October 27, 2004; 5 pp.; In English; 36th Annual Division for Planetary
Science, 8-10 Nov. 2004, Louisville, KY, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
Aeroassist technology development is a vital part of the NASA In-Space Propulsion Program (ISP), which is managed
by the NASA Headquarters Office of Space Science, and implemented by the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville,
Alabama. Aeroassist is the general term given to various techniques to maneuver a space vehicle within an atmosphere, using
aerodynamic forces in lieu of propulsive fuel. Within the ISP, the current aeroassist technology development focus is
aerocapture. The objective of the ISP Aerocapture Technology Project (ATP) is to develop technologies that can enable and/or
benefit NASA science missions by significantly reducing cost, mass, and/or travel times. To accomplish this objective, the ATP
identifies and prioritizes the most promising technologies using systems analysis, technology advancement and peer review,
coupled with NASA Headquarters Office of Space Science target requirements. Plans are focused on developing
mid-Technology Readiness Level (TRL) technologies to TRL 6 (ready for technology demonstration in space).
Author
Aerocapture; NASA Space Programs; Technology Assessment; Spacecraft Propulsion
20050000112 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
NASA In-Space Propulsion Technology Program: Overview and Update
Johnson, Les; Alexander, Leslie; Baggett, Randy M.; Bonometti, Joseph A.; Herrmann, Melody; James, Bonnie F.;
Montgomery, Sandy E.; October 27, 2004; 8 pp.; In English; 36th Annual Division for Planetary Science, 8-10 Nov. 2004,
Louisville, KY, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
NASA’s In-Space Propulsion Technology Program is investing in technologies that have the potential to revolutionize the
robotic exploration of deep space. For robotic exploration and science missions, increased efficiencies of future propulsion
25
systems are critical to reduce overall life-cycle costs and, in some cases, enable missions previously considered impossible.
Continued reliance on conventional chemical propulsion alone will not enable the robust exploration of deep space - the
maximum theoretical efficiencies have almost been reached and they are insufficient to meet needs for many ambitious science
missions currently being considered. The In-Space Propulsion Technology Program’s technology portfolio includes many
advanced propulsion systems. From the next-generation ion propulsion system operating in the 5- to 10-kW range to
aerocapture and solar sails, substantial advances in - spacecraft propulsion performance are anticipated. Some of the most
promising technologies for achieving these goals use the environment of space itself for energy and propulsion and are
generically called ‘propellantless’ because they do not require onboard fuel to achieve thrust. Propellantless propulsion
technologies include scientific innovations such as solar sails, electrodynamic and momentum transfer.tethers, aeroassist and
aerocapture. This paper will provide an overview of both propellantless and propellant-based advanced propulsion
technologies, as well as NASA’s plans for advancing them as part of the In-Space Propulsion Technology Program.
Author
Spacecraft Propulsion; Technology Assessment; NASA Programs
20050000113 Science Applications International Corp., Huntsville, AL, USA
Modeling of Spacecraft Advanced Chemical Propulsion Systems
Benfield, Michael P. J.; Belcher, Jeremy A.; October 27, 2004; 12 pp.; In English; 36th Annual Division for Planetary Science,
6-10 Nov. 2004, Louisville, KY, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This paper outlines the development of the Advanced Chemical Propulsion System (ACPS) model for Earth and Space
Storable propellants. This model was developed by the System Technology Operation of SAIC-Huntsville for the NASA
MSFC In-Space Propulsion Project Office. Each subsystem of the model is described. Selected model results will also be
shown to demonstrate the model’s ability to evaluate technology changes in chemical propulsion systems.
Author
Spacecraft Propulsion; Chemical Propulsion
20050000114 Science Applications International Corp., Torrance, CA, USA
In-Space Chemical Propulsion System Model
Byers, David C.; Woodcock, Gordon; Benfield, Michael P. J.; October 27, 2004; 7 pp.; In English; 36th Annual Division for
Planetary Science, 8-10 Nov. 2004, Louisville, KY, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Multiple, new technologies for chemical systems are becoming available and include high temperature rockets, very light
propellant tanks and structures, new bipropellant and monopropellant options, lower mass propellant control components, and
zero boil off subsystems. Such technologies offer promise of increasing the performance of in-space chemical propulsion for
energetic space missions. A mass model for pressure-fed, Earth and space-storable, advanced chemical propulsion systems
(ACPS) was developed in support of the NASA MSFC In-Space Propulsion Program. Data from flight systems and studies
defined baseline system architectures and subsystems and analyses were formulated for parametric scaling relationships for
all ACPS subsystem. The paper will first provide summary descriptions of the approaches used for the systems and the
subsystems and then present selected analyses to illustrate use of the model for missions with characteristics of current interest.
Author
Propulsion System Configurations; Chemical Propulsion; Spacecraft Propulsion; Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines
20050009886 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
The Plasmoid Thruster Experiment (PTX)
Martin, Adam; Eskridge, Richard; Fimognan, Peter; Koelfgen, Syri J.; Lee, Mike; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; American
Physical Society 46th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics, 15-19 Nov. 2004, Savannah, GA, USA; No
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
A plasmoid is a compact plasma structure with an integral magnetic field, that may be categorized according to the relative
strength of the poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields. If B(sup p)/B(sub t) is much greater than 1, it is an FRC; if B(sub p)
approximately equals B(sub t), it is a Spheromak. A plasmoid thruster would operate by repetitively producing plasmoids that
are accelerated to high velocity. The process is inductive, and the magnetic structure of the plasmoid suppresses thermal and
mass losses, and improves detachment of the exhaust. This concept should be capable of producing an Isp in the range of 5,000
- 10,OOO seconds, with high thrust density. PTX is a device designed to study this concept. The plasmoid is formed inside
of a single turn conical theta-pinch coil, driven by a 560 nF, 35 kV capacitor bank. Experiments conducted with a static-fill
of propellant gas (6% H2 in He) demonstrated reliable ionization over a pressure range of 40 - 200 mTorr. A fast gas-puff valve
26
to inject propellant has since been added, and a ringing pre-ionization circuit to independently control ionization has been
tested. Hydrogen, deuterium, argon, and an N2/H2 mixture have been tried as propellants. Measurements of the plasmoid
shape, mass, and velocity, using a variety of diagnostics will be presented,
Author
Plasmas (Physics); Magnetic Fields; Propellants; Spheromaks; High Thrust
20050009887 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Momentum Flux Measurements Using an Impact Thrust Stand
Chavers, Greg; Chang-Diaz, Franklin; Breizman, Boris; Bengtson, Roger; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; American Physical
Society 46th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics,, 15-19 Nov. 2004, Savannah, GA, USA; No Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources; Abstract Only
A device has been developed to measure the force caused by a beam of charged and neutral particles impacting a target
plate. This device, an impact thrust stand, was developed to allow thrusters, during early stages of development, to be quickly
and easily exhausted and compared to other thrusters. Since some thruster concepts are tested using laboratory equipment that
is heavy and cumbersome, measuring the momentum flux of the particles in the plume can be much simpler than placing the
entire thruster on a thrust stand. Conservation of momentum requires the momentum flux measured in the plume to be related
to the thrust produced by the thruster. The impact thrust stand was designed to be placed in the plume of an electric thruster
and has been tested and compared to the thrust measured from a Hall thruster placed on a pendulum thrust stand. Force
measurements taken at several axial locations in the magnetic nozzle region of the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma
Rocket will be presented.
Author
Neutral Particles; Charged Particles; VASIMR (Propulsion System); Plumes; Hall Thrusters
20050010039 Porto Univ., Portugal
Strategic Negotiation Of Bandwidth In Cooperative Networks
Bredin, Jonathan; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 150; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
We analyze the scenario where a pair of network devices each periodically relies on the other to handle network traffic.
Without immediate reward, the forwarding device incurs an opportunity cost in handling the other’s request. We find, however,
situations where rational decision makers prefer bandwidth exchange to isolated operation. We base our analysis on a
take-or-leave-it protocol inspired by the Rubinstein bargaining model, and extend it to evaluate repeated interaction between
pairs of devices.
Author
Bandwidth; Contract Negotiation; Network Analysis
20050010067 Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH, USA
Intelligent Propulsion System Foundation Technology: Summary of Research
Williams, James C.; [2004]; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC3-1086; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The purpose of this cooperative agreement was to develop a foundation of intelligent propulsion technologies for NASA
and industry that will have an impact on safety, noise, emissions and cost. These intelligent engine technologies included
sensors, electronics, communications, control logic, actuators, and smart materials and structures. Furthermore this
cooperative agreement helped prepare future graduates to develop the revolutionary intelligent propulsion technologies that
will be needed to ensure pre-eminence of the U.S. aerospace industry. The program consisted of three primary research areas
(and associated work elements at Ohio universities): 1.0 Turbine Engine Prognostics, 2.0 Active Controls for Emissions and
Noise Reduction, and 3.0 Active Structural Controls.
Author
Control Systems Design; Propulsion; Turbine Engines; Noise Reduction
20050010250
Status of Advanced Boundary Layer Code Development for SRM Nozzle Ablation Including Two Phase Flow Effects
Mclaughlin, Brian, Author; Gonzalez, Derek, Author; Hennessey, Kent, Author; Eagar, Mark, Author; Murray, Al, Author;
Aug. 2004; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-03-C-0041; Proj-5026
Report No.(s): AD-A427803; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
27
Briefing charts overview of the Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology(IHPRPT) Phase III Solid Rocket
Motor Modeling Program.
DTIC
Ablation; Boundary Layers; Solid Propellant Rocket Engines; Thermochemistry; Two Phase Flow
20050019222 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Overview 2004 of NASA-Stirling Convertor CFD Model Development and Regenerator R and D Efforts
Tew, Roy C.; Dyson, Rodger W.; Wilson, Scott D.; Demko, Rikako; November 2004; 17 pp.; In English; Space Technology
and Applications International Forum, 13-17 Feb. 2005, Albuquerque, NM, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-972-20-01
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213404; E-14912; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This paper reports on accomplishments in 2004 in (1) development of Stirling-convertor CFD models at NASA Glenn and
via a NASA grant, (2) a Stirling regenerator-research effort being conducted via a NASA grant (a follow-on effort to an earlier
DOE contract), and (3) a regenerator-microfabrication contract for development of a ‘next-generation Stirling regenerator.’
Cleveland State University is the lead organization for all three grant/contractual efforts, with the University of Minnesota and
Gedeon Associates as subcontractors. Also, the Stirling Technology Company and Sunpower, Inc. are both involved in all three
efforts, either as funded or unfunded participants. International Mezzo Technologies of Baton Rouge, Louisiana is the
regenerator fabricator for the regenerator-microfabrication contract. Results of the efforts in these three areas are summarized.
Author
Stirling Cycle; Computerized Simulation; Unsteady Flow; Convective Heat Transfer; Computational Fluid Dynamics
20050019223 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Advanced Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology Research and Development
Wong, Wayne A.; December 2004; 14 pp.; In English; Second International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference,
16-19 Aug. 2004, Providence, RI, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-972-30-03
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213352; AIAA Paper 2004-5515; E-14820; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
NASA’s Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology program is developing next generation power conversion
technologies that will enable future missions that have requirements that cannot be met by either the ubiquitous photovoltaic
systems or by current Radioisotope Power System (RPS) technology. Performance goals of advanced radioisotope power
systems include improvement over the state-of-practice General Purpose Heat Source/Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
by providing significantly higher efficiency to reduce the number of radioisotope fuel modules, and increase specific power
(watts/kilogram). Other Advanced RPS goals include safety, long-life, reliability, scalability, multi-mission capability,
resistance to radiation, and minimal interference with the scientific payload. NASA has awarded ten contracts in the
technology areas of Brayton, Stirling, Thermoelectric, and Thermophotovoltaic power conversion including five development
contracts that deal with more mature technologies and five research contracts. The Advanced RPS Systems Assessment Team
includes members from NASA GRC, JPL, DOE and Orbital Sciences whose function is to review the technologies being
developed under the ten Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology contracts and assess their relevance to NASA’s future
missions. Presented is an overview of the ten radioisotope power conversion technology contracts and NASA’s Advanced RPS
Systems Assessment Team.
Author
NASA Programs; Research and Development; Radioisotope Heat Sources; Technology Utilization; Thermophotovoltaic
Conversion
20050019225 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Control of a High Speed Flywheel System for Energy Storage in Space Applications
Kenny, Barbara H.; Kascak, Peter E.; Jansen, Ralph; Dever, Timothy; Santiago, Walter; November 2004; 16 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-319-20-M1
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213356; E-14824; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
A novel control algorithm for the charge and discharge modes of operation of a flywheel energy storage system for space
applications is presented. The motor control portion of the algorithm uses sensorless field oriented control with position and
speed estimates determined from a signal injection technique at low speeds and a back EMF technique at higher speeds. The
charge and discharge portion of the algorithm use command feed-forward and disturbance decoupling, respectively, to achieve
28
fast response with low gains. Simulation and experimental results are presented demonstrating the successful operation of the
flywheel control up to the rated speed of 60,000 rpm.
Author
Flywheels; Energy Storage; Permanent Magnets; International Space Station; Simulation
23
CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to the composition, properties, structure, and use of chemical compounds and materials as they
relate to aircraft, launch vehicles, and spacecraft. For specific topics in chemistry and materials see categories 25 through 29. For
astrochemistry see category 90 Astrophysics.
20050000004 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA, USA, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News,
VA, USA
Ultrasonic Velocity and Texture of High RRR Niobium
Agnew, S. R.; Zeng, F.; Myneni, G. R.; 2004; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-825072; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Conventional assessments of the mechanical properties of rolled high RRR niobium plate material via tensile testing have
revealed an unusually low apparent Youngs moduli and yield strength in some annealed samples. These observations
motivated a series of measurements of ultrasonic velocity, a dynamic assessment of the elastic moduli. In fact, the dynamic
modulus is within the range of normal for all samples tested. However, there is a trend of increasing shear velocities for shear
waves propagating through the sheet thickness and polarized in the sheet transverse direction. Careful analyses of the
crystallographic texture using SEM-based electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) have revealed a subtle, but systematic
change in the texture, which can explain the trend. It is further important to note that the change in texture is not observable
from surface measurements using x-ray diffraction, but requires sectioning of the samples. Thus, measurements of ultrasonic
velocity represent a non-destructive evaluation tool which is extremely sensitive to subtle changes in the texture of RRR
niobium. Finally, there are material lot variations, which are currently attributed to the effects of impurities, such as Ta and
H.
NTIS
Niobium; X Ray Diffraction; Textures
20050000008 Idaho Univ., Moscow, ID, USA
Solvent Effects on Cesium Complexation with Crown Ethers from Liquid to Supercritical Fluids
Wai, C. M.; 2002; 58 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822406; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to study crown ether-water interactions in solvents of low
dielectric constants such as chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Water forms a 1:1 complex with a number of crown ethers
including 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, dicyclohexano-18=crown-6, dicyclohexano-24-crown 8, and dibenzl-24crown-8 in chloroform. Among these crown ethers, the 18-crown-6-H2 complex has the largest equilibrium constant (K=545)
and 97% of the crown is complexed to water in chloroform. Addition of carbon tetrachloride to chloroform lowers the
equilibrium constants of the crown-water complexes. The partition coefficients of crown ethers (D=crown in water/crown in
solvent) between water and organic solvent also vary with solvent composition.
NTIS
Solvents; Supercritical Fluids; Carbon Tetrachloride
20050000009 Massachusetts Univ., Lowell, MA, USA, Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Solution Behavior of Modified Polyethylenimine (PEI) Polymers by Light Scattering Investigation
Ekhorutomwen, S. A.; Sawan, S. P.; Smith, B. F.; Robison, T. W.; Wilson, K. V.; 2004; 52 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822405; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The eight average molecular weights, as well as other characteristics such as the second virial coefficients and
root-mean-square (RMS) radii of gyration of poly (ethyleneimine) (PEI) and various derivatives, have been determined in
solution light scattering studies. The solution dynamics of PEI and carboxylated and phosphorylated derivatives were studied
a pH of 3.3, 7. 0 and 10.0. Measurements were made in freshly distilled and de-ionized water as well as in 0.1 M, 1 M and
5-M solutions of sodium chloride in water. Molecular weights were calculated from Berry plots. The purified polymer, PEI-1,
29
gave a molecular weight of 39,600 g/mol. , while the same polymer, which was not purified, PEI-2, has MW of 43,100 g/mol.
NTIS
Light Scattering; Virial Coeffıcients; Gyration
20050000028 Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Status and Future Directions of the High Production Volume Challenge Program
2003; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101655; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The U.S. EPA’s High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program is ensuring that basic health and environmental
effects data on approximately 2,800 HPV chemicals is made available to the public. Since the Program’s inception in 1998,
industry chemical manufacturers and importers have participated in the Challenge by sponsoring over 2,200 chemicals. More
than 400 companies and 100 consortia have sponsored 1,371 chemicals directly in the Program and an additional 851
chemicals have been sponsored indirectly in an international counterpart to the HPV Challenge Program, the International
Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) HPV Initiative. Three hundred . fty-three test plans have been submitted as of July
2004 for 1,266 of the 1,371 chemicals sponsored directly in the HPV Challenge Program (or 92%). EPA expects that the end
of 2004 will be a critical time as sponsors work to fulfill their commitments by submitting test plans and data summaries for
the remaining 8% of the sponsored chemicals, and also to submit completed data packages where additional testing was
needed.
NTIS
Environment Effects; Health; Production Planning
20050001307 Porto Univ., Portugal
Practical Application of KDD Techniques to an Industrial Process
Alvarez, Victoria Pachon; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 68; In English; See
also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In the process of smelting copper mineral a large amount of sulphuric dioxide (SO2) is produced. This compound would
be highly pollutant if it was emitted to the atmosphere. By means of an acid plant it is possible to transform it into sulphuric
acid, using for this a set of chemical and physical processes. In this way we dispose of a marketable product and, at the same
time the environment is protected. However, there are certain situations in which the gases escape to the atmosphere, creating
pollutant situations. This would be avoidable if we exactly knew under which circumstances this problem is produced. In this
paper we present a practical application of KDD techniques to the chemical industry. By means of the obtained results we
show the viability of using automatic classifiers to improve a productive process, with an increase of the production and a
decrease of the environmental pollution.
Author
Copper; Smelting; Sulfur Dioxides; Environment Pollution; Chemical Engineering; Disposal; Minerals
20050010071 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Fluorescent Approaches to High Throughput Crystallography
Pusey, Marc L.; Forsythe, Elizabeth; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; 2004 International Conference on Structural Genomics, 17-21
Nov. 2004, Washington, DC, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources;
Abstract Only
X-ray crystallography remains the primary method for determining the structure of macromolecules. The first requirement
is to have crystals, and obtaining them is often the rate-limiting step. The numbers of crystallization trials that are set up for
any one protein for structural genomics, and the rate at which they are being set up, now overwhelm the ability for strictly
human analysis of the results. Automated analysis methods are now being implemented with varying degrees of success, but
these typically can not reliably extract intermediate results. By covalently modifying a subpopulation, less than or = 1%, of
a macromolecule solution with a fluorescent probe, the labeled material will add to a growing crystal as a microheterogeneous
growth unit. Labeling procedures can be readily incorporated into the final stages of purification. The covalently attached
probe will concentrate in the crystal relative to the solution, and under fluorescent illumination the crystals show up as bright
objects against a dark background. As crystalline packing is more dense than amorphous precipitate, the fluorescence intensity
can be used as a guide in distinguishing different types of precipitated phases, even in the absence of obvious crystalline
features, widening the available potential lead conditions in the absence of clear ‘hits.’ Non-protein structures, such as salt
crystals, will not incorporate the probe and will not show up under fluorescent illumination. Also, brightly fluorescent crystals
30
are readily found against less fluorescent precipitated phases, which under white light illumination may serve to obscure the
crystals. Automated image analysis to find crystals should be greatly facilitated, without having to first define crystallization
drop boundaries and by having the protein or protein structures all that show up. The trace fluorescently labeled crystals will
also emit with sufficient intensity to aid in the automation of crystal alignment using relatively low cost optics, further
increasing throughput at synchrotrons. This presentation will focus on the methodology for fluorescent labeling, the
crystallization results, and the effects of the trace labeling on the crystal quality.
Author
Fluorescence; Crystallography; X Rays; Macromolecules; Amorphous Materials
20050010153 Missouri Univ., Rolla, MO, USA
Soy-based Composite Sandwich Structures Phase I and II
Chandrashekhara, K.; Jun. 2003; 10 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101818; UTC R78-R101; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Polymer matrix composites using renewable resources are currently of great interest. A novel resin system based on
soybean oil for pultrusion was synthesized at University of Missouri-Rolla. It is important to set up the process parameters
properly in order to obtain high quality pultruded product using soy-based resin system. In Phase I of the project, a
combination of experimental and numerical methods was used to investigate the effect of pultrusion process variables on the
cure of composites. A mathematical model has been developed and implemented in the commercial ABAQUS finite element
code to predict the degree of cure of soy-based composites. The kinetic parameters of the soy-based composites were obtained
from differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Glass fiber composite samples were manufactured using pultrusion machine.
For experimental verification, an on-line monitoring system was used to measure the temperature profile and the degree of cure
of the pultruded soy-based composites measured by DSC. The experimental findings are in good agreement with the finite
element prediction. The developed process model can be used to establish optimal pultrusion parameters for soy-based
composites. In Phase II of the project, the dynamic mechanical behavior of the soy based resin was investigated as a function
of their stoichiometry and nature of the resin. The results indicate that soy resin is capable of damping the sound and vibration
over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies.
NTIS
Polymer Matrix Composites; Composite Structures; Dynamic Characteristics; Fiber Composites; Sandwich Structures
20050010304 California Univ., Berkeley, CA USA
Infrared Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy of Hydrocarbon Ions and Clusters in Fast Ion Beams
Saykally, Richard J., Author; Oct. 2004; 6 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-02-1-O416
Report No.(s): AD-A427903; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0569; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The objectives of this effort were as follows: (1) extend the technical development of pulsed infrared (IR) cavity ringdown
spectroscopy to longer wavelengths and higher spectral resolution; (2) develop its capacity as a general tool for trace gas
analysis; and (3) study spectra, structures, hydrogen tunneling dynamics of hydrocarbon ions and complexes of relevance to
ion-enhanced combustion processes. High-resolution, pulsed infrared cavity ringdown laser spectroscopy was developed and
implemented for the study of carbon clusters and hydrocarbon ions. Several supersonic molecular beam sources of ions and
hydrocarbons were constructed and tested by infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy. The Stokes downconversion of pulsed
visible laser radiation into the mid-infrared was explored in solid and liquid hydrogen media in an effort to explore more
powerful and convenient infrared sources. Cavity ringdown studies of several different carbon/hydrocarbon systems were
carried out. Nine related publications and three conference presentations are listed.
DTIC
Atmospheric Composition; Carbon; Cavities; Gas Analysis; Hydrocarbons; Infrared Radiation; Infrared Spectroscopy; Ion
Beams; Ions; Laser Spectroscopy; Trace Elements
20050010349 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA
Topical Application of Phosphate Amendments to Lead-Contaminated Small Arms Firing Range Soils
Larson, Steven, Author; Tardy, Barbara, Author; Beverly, Milton, Author; Hearn, Allison, Author; Thompson, Michelle,
Author; Sep. 2004; 66 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A428037; ERDC/EL-TR-04-15; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
Because of the need for lead containment within small arms firing range (SAFR) impact areas, phosphate amendment has
31
been proposed to reduce the release of lead via the surface and groundwater pathway. Both field and laboratory studies have
evaluated the use of phosphates to stabilize lead in SAFR soils. The main goal of these studies was to determine the
effectiveness of in situ phosphate treatment by demonstrating that phosphate addition to lead-contaminated soils resulted in
soils that were stable to lead- leaching as measured by various standards. Because these studies were conducted using either
large- or small-scale field demonstration projects or static laboratory procedures that were not capable of simulating conditions
on actual ranges, their predictive value is limited. Prior to expending operational finds for large-scale soil amendment projects,
further evaluation of the effectiveness of lead containment using phosphate amendment in a more realistic system is needed.
This study evaluated the performance of two phosphate amendments in a more open dynamic system that simulated field
conditions at SAFRs. The results of previous laboratory studies were extended by measuring and comparing losses of both
soluble and insoluble lead in leachate and runoff from a treated and untreated SAFR soil using specially designed berm
lysimeters. A rainfall simulation technique with the capability of increasing rainfall intensity and varying rainfall duration was
developed to evaluate lead migration pathways at SAFRs.
DTIC
Contamination; Phosphates; Soil Pollution; Soils
20050010370 ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Dayton, OH USA
Dose Range Finding of Chromophore Powder: A Summary Report
Hussain, Saber M., Author; Geiss, Kevin T., Author; Feb. 2004; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-97-D-5403; Proj-2312
Report No.(s): AD-A428111; AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2004-0008; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The potential toxic effects of chromophore powder in primary hepatocytes were investigated. initially, a solubility
assessment was conducted in aqueous and organic solutions. The solubility test showed that the chromophore powder is
soluble in DMSO at 0.001 mg/ml, while not in water or ethyl alcohol. Therefore, DMSO was selected as the solvent for the
dose range finding study. For initial toxicity evaluations, mitochondrial function (MTT assay), lactate dehydrogenase release
(LDH assay) and the morphology of cells were assessed for primary hepatocytes under control or exposed conditions (2 hour
treatment followed by 24 h of incubation in fresh media). The microscopic studies demonstrated that chromophore-exposed
cells at the doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/ml became abnormal in size displaying shrinkage and irregular shape. The results showed
that chromophore powder had no measurable effect on mitochondrial function. However, LDH assay showed a significant
increase in LDH release at 0. lmg/ml, while there was no change at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml. The dose range finding study indicates
that chromophore powder displayed limited toxicity in vitro at increasing dose.
DTIC
Chromophores; Dosage; Powder (Particles); Rangefinding; Toxicity
24
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of laminates and other composite materials.
20050009888 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA, BAE Systems, Huntsville, AL, USA
Evolution of In-Situ Generated Reinforcement Precipitates in Metal Matrix Composites
Sen, S.; Kar, S. K.; Catalina, A. V.; Stefanescu, D. M.; Dhindaw, B. K.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; International Conference
on Solidification Science and Processing, Emerging Trends, 17-20 Nov. 2004, Bangalore, India
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS8-02096; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Due to certain inherent advantages, in-situ production of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) have received considerable
attention in the recent past. ln-situ techniques typically involve a chemical reaction that results in precipitation of a ceramic
reinforcement phase. The size and spatial distribution of these precipitates ultimately determine the mechanical properties of
these MMCs. In this paper we will investigate the validity of using classical growth laws and analytical expressions to describe
the interaction between a precipitate and a solid-liquid interface (SLI) to predict the size and spatial evolution of the in-situ
generated precipitates. Measurements made on size and distribution of Tic precipitates in a Ni&I matrix will be presented to
test the validity of such an approach.
Author
Metal Matrix Composites; Precipitates; Chemical Reactions; Ceramics; Mechanical Properties; Size Distribution
32
20050010115 Missouri Univ., Rolla, MO, USA
Characterization of a New FRP Bar of Reinforcement of Concrete
Myers, J.; Nanni, A.; Micelli, F.; Jun. 2002; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101811; UTC R49; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Over the last decade fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement consisting of glass, carbon, or aramid fibers embedded
in a resin such as vinyl ester, epoxy, or polyester has emerged as one of the most promising and affordable solutions to the
corrosion problems of steel reinforcement in structural concrete. Another application of FRP rods in construction was
developed to retrofit and repair reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures, using a recently developed technology
known as near surface mounted (NSM) rods. The application of FRP rods in new or damaged structures requires the
development of design equations that must take into account the mechanical properties and the durability properties of FRP
products. The mechanical properties measurement requires special test methods developed for FRP products, since it is known
that the mechanical properties are related to the direction and content of fibers. Technical codes and standards were developed
in Japan, Canada and U.S.A. in order to assure the structural safety, as it regards the recent applications of these materials in
civil engineering. Several concerns are still related to the structural behavior under severe environmental and load conditions
for long-time exposures. For the case of glass FRP rods, is the high pH of the pore water solution (pH=12.5-13) created during
the hydration of the concrete. In this study an effective tensile test method is described for a mechanical characterization of
FRP rods. Several FRP specimens with different sizes and surface characteristics were tested to validate the proposed
procedure. An effort has also been made to develop an experimental protocol to study the effects of accelerated ageing on FRP
rods. The physico-mechanical properties of six types of commercial carbon and glass FRP rods were investigated; the rods
were subjected to alkaline solution exposure, and environmental agents, including freeze-thaw, high relative humidity, high
temperature and ultraviolet (UV) radiations exposure. The mechanical properties were investigated by performing tensile and
short beam tests. A further investigation was carried out at a micro-level using SEM microscopy.
NTIS
Fiber Composites; Reinforcing Fibers; Polymers; Concrete Structures; Mechanical Properties
20050010131 Missouri Univ., Rolla, MO, USA
Experimental Investigation of Bond-Slip Relationship between Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) Bars and Concrete
Thiagarajan, G.; Borwankar, A. D.; Varghese, A. G.; Kadam, S. D.; Jun. 2003; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101821; UTC R87; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The aim of the experimental research is to quantify the bonding properties of FRP rods made of carbon (CFRP) and glass
(GFRP) with concrete by conducting two sets of experiments. The first set of experiments would involve pullout tests using
vertical bond specimens. The tests would be in accordance with the ACI-440k provisions. Provisions of some recommended
bond parameters in ACI 440 R.1 (released in 2001), such as K2 and K3 would be evaluated by performing an analytical study
on the experimental data.
NTIS
Concretes; Bonding; Reinforcing Fibers; Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics; Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
20050019233 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Probabilistic Analysis of a SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite Turbine Vane
Murthy, Pappu L. N.; Nemeth, Noel N.; Brewer, David N.; Mital, Subodh; November 2004; 22 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-714-30-20
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213331; E-14792; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
To demonstrate the advanced composite materials technology under development within the Ultra-Efficient Engine
Technology (UEET) Program, it was planned to fabricate, test, and analyze a turbine vane made entirely of silicon
carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composite (SiC/SiC CMC) material. The objective was to utilize a five-harness
satin weave melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC composite material developed under this program to design and fabricate a stator
vane that can endure 1000 hours of engine service conditions. The vane was designed such that the expected maximum stresses
were kept within the proportional limit strength of the material. Any violation of this design requirement was considered as
the failure. This report presents results of a probabilistic analysis and reliability assessment of the vane. Probability of failure
to meet the design requirements was computed. In the analysis, material properties, strength, and pressure loading were
considered as random variables. The pressure loads were considered normally distributed with a nominal variation. A
temperature profile on the vane was obtained by performing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and was assumed
33
to be deterministic. The results suggest that for the current vane design, the chance of not meeting design requirements is about
1.6 percent.
Author
Ceramic Matrix Composites; Probability Theory; Pressure Distribution; Fiber Composites; Matrix Materials
25
INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Includes the analysis, synthesis, and use of inorganic and organic compounds; combustion theory; electrochemistry; and
photochemistry. For related information see category 34 Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics. For astrochemistry see category 90
Astrophysics.
20050000104 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Te: Density, Electrical Conductivity, and Viscosity
Li, C.; Su, C.; Lehoczky, S. L.; Scripa, R. N.; Ban, H.; Lin, B.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources;
Abstract Only
The thermophysical properties of liquid Te, namely, density, electrical conductivity, and viscosity, were determined using
the pycnometric and transient torque methods from the melting point of Te (723 K) to approximately 1150 K. A maximum
was observed in the density of liquid Te as the temperature was increased. The electrical conductivity of liquid Te increased
to a constant value of 2.89 x 10(exp 5 OMEGA-1m-1) as the temperature was raised above 1000 K. The viscosity decreased
rapidly upon heating the liquid to elevated temperatures. The anomalous behaviors of the measured properties are explained
as caused by the structural transitions in the liquid and discussed in terms of Eyring’s and Bachiskii’s predicted behaviors for
homogeneous liquids. The Properties were also measured as a function of time after the liquid was coded from approximately
1173 or 1123 to 823 K. No relaxation phenomena were observed in the properties after the temperature of liquid Te was
decreased to 823 K, in contrast to the relaxation behavior observed for some of the Te compounds.
Author
Electrical Resistivity; Liquids; Thermophysical Properties; Viscosity; Tellurium; Density (Mass/Volume)
20050010126 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Laboratory Infrared Spectra of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles: Quinoline, and Phenanthridine in Solid
Argon and H2O
Bernstein, M. P.; Mattioda, A. L.; Sandford, S. A.; Hudgins, D. M.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): 344-58-21-02; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common throughout the universe. Their detection and identification are
based on telescopic infrared (IR) spectra compared with laboratory data. Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles (PANHs)
are heterocyclic aromatics i.e., PAHs with carbon atoms replaced by a nitrogen atom. These molecules should be present in
the interstellar medium, but have received relatively little attention. We present mid-IR spectra of two PANHs, quinoline
(C9H7N), and phenanthridine (C13H9N) isolated in solid argon and frozen in solid H2O at 12 K, conditions yielding data
directly comparable to astronomical observations. In contrast to simple PAHs, that do not interact strongly with solid H2O,
the nitrogen atoms in PANHs are potentially capable of hydrogen bonding with H2O. Whereas the IR spectrum of
phenanthridine in H2O is similar to that of the same compound isolated in an argon matrix, quinoline absorptions shift up to
16 cm(sup -1) (0.072 mm) between argon and H2O. Thus, astronomers will not always be able to rely on IR band positions
of matrix isolated PANHs to correctly interpret the absorptions of PANHs frozen in H2O ice grains. Furthermore, our data
suggest that relative band areas also vary, so determining column densities to better than a factor of 3 will require knowledge
of the matrix in which the PANH is embedded and laboratory studies of relevant samples.
Author
Heterocyclic Compounds; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Nitrogen Atoms; Infrared Spectra; Quinoline; Solidified
Gases; Water
20050010158 General Atomics Co., San Diego, CA
Alternative Flowsheets for the Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical Hydrogen Cycle
Brown, L. C.; Lentsch, R. D.; Besenbruch, G. E.; Schultz, K. R.; Funk, J. E.; Feb. 2003; 24 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-821952; GA-A24266; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
A hydrogen economy will need significant new sources of hydrogen. Unless large-scale carbon sequestration can be
34
economically implemented, use of hydrogen reduces greenhouse gases only if the hydrogen is produced with non-fossil energy
sources. Nuclear energy is one of the limited options available. One of the promising approaches to produce large quantities
of hydrogen from nuclear energy efficiently is the Sulfur-Iodine (S-I) thermochemical water-splitting cycle, driven by high
temperature heat from a helium Gas-Cooled Reactor. They have completed a study of nuclear-driven thermochemical
water-splitting processes. The final task of this study was the development of a flowsheet for a prototype S-I production plant.
An important element of this effort was the evaluation of alternative flowsheets and selection of the reference design.
NTIS
Hydrogen Production; Flow Stability; Thermochemical Properties; Thermochemistry
20050010277 Toledo Univ., OH USA
Protonated Arenes as Solid Proton Conducting Electrolytes
Stasko, Daniel, Author; Jan. 2004; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-03-1-0080
Report No.(s): AD-A427843; ARO-45554.3-CH-DRP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The goal of this project was to utilize weakly coordinating anion technology to produce new materials for use as proton
conducting electrolytes. The main focus of the work was protonated arene ionomers. The protonated arenes have not met the
requirements of thermal stability and proton conductivity. Continuation of the research effort on a more fruitful class of
materials has led to a wide range of compounds based upon WCAs that have been shown to be applicable to some of the
problems facing proton conducting electrolytes. A number of thermally stable materials have been generated with mild proton
conductivity, but temperature ranges up to 400 degrees C. Materials based upon hydroxylated boranes appear particularly
promising due to similarity in basicity to water. Application of these materials as water surrogates may enhance current proton
conducting materials. (10 figures, 19 refs.)
DTIC
Anions; Boranes; Conductors; Electrolytes; High Temperature; Hydronium Ions; Polymers; Protons; Solid Electrolytes
20050010285 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA
Structural and Theoretical Investigation of 3,4,5-Triamino-1,2,4-Triazolium Salts
Drake, Gregory W., Author; Hawkins, Tommy W., Author; Hall, Leslie, Author; Boatz, Jerry, Author; Brand, Adam J., Author;
Jul. 2004; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-1011
Report No.(s): AD-A427861; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Reactions using the high nitrogen heterocycle 3,4,5-triamino-1,2,4-triazole (guanazine) with strong acids (HN03, HCl04,
and ‘HN(N02)2’) resulted in a family of highly stable salts. All of the salts were characterized using spectroscopic as well as
single crystal x-ray diffraction studies. The x-ray structures are compared to that obtained from theoretical calculations
(MP2/6-311+G(d,p) level) . Initial safety testing (impact, friction) was carried out on all of the new materials.
DTIC
Heterocyclic Compounds; Nitrogen Compounds
20050010331 California Univ., Berkeley, CA USA
Analysis of Stoichiometry-Related Defects in Group III - Nitrides
Weber, Eicke R., Author; Dec. 2003; 60 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0151; Proj-2305
Report No.(s): AD-A427968; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0575; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
Stoichiometry-related effects in various group III-nitrides and some GaAs-based materials were investigated. An essential
part of this study were low-frequency (LF) noise analyses. The new LF-noise system, acquired with an AFOSR DURIP grant
(no. F49620-01-1-0285) was set up and calibrated. LF-noise spectroscopy was then applied to GOI-based MESFETs (noise
caused by excess arsenic-related defects) and AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (channel noise related to an early 2D/3D growth transition
for high Al-containing AlGaN layers rather than a dislocation-related strain relaxation process). Both device types were
processed at UC Berkeley. Different nitride materials were evaluated for their potential for engineering non-stoichiometric
epilayers (intentional manipulation of native defect population). In carbon-doped GaN a new insight into the nature of the
ubiquitous yellow luminescence (YL) was gained. The strong Yb. was found to be caused by \g a dopant-related effect and
to be independent of the concentration of gallium vacancies. Furthermore, co-doping with silicon greatly increased the Yb.
which gives further evidence for a donor-acceptor complex as origin of the YL. These studies provide a first proof that a
35
second mechanism for YL exists in GaN that is independent of the presence of Ga vacancies. Consequently, the
trapping-detrapping of carriers at deep defects causing noise in carbon doped GaN device structures is dominated by
doping-related defects rather then any native defects. A vacancy-related defect was found in post-irradiated GaN, the
investigation of vacancy incorporation upon various growth related conditions and its control requires further research.
DTIC
Defects; Gallium Arsenides; Gallium Nitrides; Nitrides; Stoichiometry
20050010332 California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA USA
Low Noise Amplifiers Based on Lattice Engineered Substrates
Speck, James S., Author; Mishra, Umesh K., Author; Nov. 2004; 117 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0286; Proj-2305B
Report No.(s): AD-A427969; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0577; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy
In this program we are developing novel strain relaxed templates for device applications including low noise amplifiers.
The approach we are investigating utilizes the process of relaxation of a coherent hypercritical thickness strained
semiconductor overlayer (e.g., InGaAs). In the first two years of this program, we had focused on the relaxation of a strained
layer in direct contact with an oxidizing Al containing semiconductor (AlAs or AlGaAs). In the third year of this program,
most of our efforts were focused on determining the origin of the commonly observed cross-hatch morphology in
strain-relaxed misfitting layers. We have also discovered new dislocation-related relaxation mechanisms in the group III
nitrides. Finally, we have also provided new insight and modeling of threading dislocation reduction in lateral epitaxial
overgrowth.
DTIC
Amplifiers; Lattice Vibrations; Semiconductors (Materials); Stress Relaxation; Substrates
20050010333 California Univ., Davis, CA USA
Synthesis and Characterization of Ge Nanocrystals for Thin-Film Applications
Kauzlarich, Susan M., Author; Jun. 2004; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0397; AFOSR-03NE141
Report No.(s): AD-A427972; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0573; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The authors have developed a new route for the synthesis of alkyl terminated Germanium (Ge) nanoparticles. These
nanoparticles are stable and uniform in size. This is an important first step for determining how to prepare a Ge film from Ge
nanoparticles. Preliminary TEM indicates that the melting point of the Ge nanoparticles will be significantly lower than that
of the bulk (937 degrees C). Once the melting point is known, the authors can experiment with polymeric substrates for the
preparation of Ge films with the ultimate goal of producing flexible GaAs-based solar panels. These are expected to be
lightweight, high power density solar panels that would be useful for space applications. (3 figures, 12 refs.)
DTIC
Crystal Structure; Gallium Arsenides; Germanium; Melting Points; Nanocrystals; Nanostructures (Devices); Panels; Solar
Cells; Thin Films
20050010358 Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI USA
Dynamics of O(3P) Reactions with Gaseous, Liquid, and Solid Hydrocarbons
Hase, William L., Author; Nov. 2004; 36 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-02-1-0401
Report No.(s): AD-A428076; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0594; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This final report describes the initial two phases of the overall project. In the first phase, accurate barriers and energetics
were calculated for 7 reactions involved in O(3P) oxidation of hydrocarbons. This was done by MRCI/ CASSCF ab initio
calculations with cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ basis sets and extrapolation to the complete basis set limit. For collisions of highenergy O(3P) atoms with hydrocarbons, the radical products contain sufficient internal energy to undergo unimolecular
decomposition. Tests showed that PMP2//UMP2/cc-PVTZ gives accurate energies and transition state properties for these
reactions, and this information was also used to characterize the potential energy surface for hydrocarbon oxidation. In the
second phase, the PM3 semiempirical quantum chemistry method, with a UHF wavefunction, was modified and parameterized
with specific reaction parameters (SRPs) to fit the ab initio barriers, reactions energies, and geometries determined in phase
1. The resulting method, PM3-SRP, gives a good fit to the ab initio data. The PM3-SRP method was tested in a trajectory study
36
of the O(3P) + C2H6 \g OH + C2H5 reaction dynamics. The results agree with experiment.
DTIC
Hydrocarbons; Oxidation
20050010372 Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH USA
Analysis of Trace Level Perchlorate in Drinking Water and Ground Water by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry
Clewell, Rebecca A., Author; Brashear, Wayne T., Author; Tsui, David T., Author; Chaudhuri, Sanwat, Author; Cassady,
Rachel S., Author; Oct. 1998; 33 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): 41624-96-C-9010; Proj-1710
Report No.(s): AD-A428122; AFRL-HE-WP-TR-1998-0145; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
A new method involving the use of electrospray mass spectrometry was developed for the detection of trace levels of
perchlorate in ground water and drinking water. Electrospray mass spectrometry was shown to be both sensitive and selective
for the detection of perchlorate in aqueous matrices. The method detection limit was calculated to be 0.38 ppb. improvement
of more than order of magnitude over the currently accepted method. Percent recovery for the detection of perchlorate with
this method was found to be 82.4%.
DTIC
Ground Water; Mass Spectroscopy; Perchlorates; Potable Water
26
METALS AND METALLIC MATERIALS
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of metals and metallic materials; and metallurgy.
20050000103 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
A Novel Liquid-Liquid Transition in Undercooled Ti-Zr-Ni Liquids
Lee, G. W.; Gangopadhyay, A. K.; Kelton, K. F.; Bradshaw, R. C.; Hyers, R. W.; Rathz, T. J.; Rogers, J. R.; [2004]; 1 pp.;
In English; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
If crystallization can be avoided, liquids enter a metastable (undercooled) state below their equilibrium liquidus
temperatures, T(sub l), finally ‘freezing’ into a glass below a characteristic temperature called the glass transition temperature,
T(sub g). In rare cases, the undercooled liquid may undergo a liquid-liquid phase transition (liquid polymorphism) before
entering the glassy state. This has been suggested from experimental studies of H2O and Si. Such phase transitions have been
predicted in some stable liquids, ie. above T(sub l) at atmospheric pressure, for SiO2 and BeF2, but these have not been
verified experimentally. They have been observed in liquids of P, Si and C, but only under high pressure. In this letter we
present the first experimental evidence for a phase transition in a low viscosity metallic liquid that is driven by an approach
to a constant entropy configuration state and correlated with a growing icosahedral order in the liquid. A maximum in the
specific heat at constant pressure, similar to what is normally observed near T(sub g), is reported for undercooled liquids of
quasicrystal-forming Ti-Zr-Ni alloys. A two-state excitation model that includes cooperativity by incorporating a temperaturedependent excitation energy, fits the specific heat data well, signaling a phase transition. An inflection in the liquid density with
decreasing temperature instead of a discontinuity indicates that this is not a typical first order phase transition; it could be a
weakly first order or higher order transition. While showing many similarities to a glass transition, this liquid-liquid phase
transition occurs in a mobile liquid, making it novel.
Author
Titanium Alloys; Zirconium Alloys; Nickel Alloys; Phase Transformations; Supercooling; Liquid Metals
20050010228 Sarnoff Corp., Princeton, NJ USA
End Resonances for Atomic Clocks
Post, A. B., Author; Jau, Y. Y., Author; Kuzma, N. N., Author; Braun, A. M., Author; Lipp, S., Author; Sep. 2004; 13 pp.;
In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCHC020045
Report No.(s): AD-A427749; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
we discuss advantages of the ‘end’ resonances for miniaturized, chip-scale atomic clocks based on alkali-vapor cells filled
with high-pressure buffer gases. Compared to the commonly used 0-0 resonance clock design, these advantages include a high
signal-to-noise ratio, a narrower linewidth at high vapor densities, and a significantly reduced sensitivity to the frequency
stability of the pump laser at high buffer-gas pressure. We report our measurements of the (133) Cs resonance linewidth for
37
both 0-0 and end transitions, and give the estimates of the (133) Cs resonance-damping rates due to N(sub 2) buffer gas.
Finally, we demonstrate a 1 kHz end resonance linewidth in a MEMS-fabricated microcell containing cesium and 1 atm N(sub
2).
DTIC
Atomic Clocks
20050010286 Hanyang Univ., Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Development of Ultra-Fine Grained Ti and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion
Shin, Dong H., Author; Feb. 2003; 27 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F62562-02-P-0230
Report No.(s): AD-A427863; AOARD-014027; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This report covers efforts to use equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) to produce a fine-grained structure in Ti and
Ti-6Al-4V. Both materials were successfully produced. Details of processing and resulting microstructures (phase
morphology, grain size, texture, dislocation and twin substructures) are presented and discussed. Ti alloys are a mixture of
hexagonal-close-packed and body-centered-cubic crystal structures. Plastic deformation is accommodated by a mixture of
dislocation motion and twinning.
DTIC
Aluminum Alloys; Extruding; Grain Size; Titanium Alloys; Vanadium Alloys
20050019231 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Joint Development of a Fourth Generation Single Crystal Superalloy
Walston, S.; Cetel, A.; MacKay, R.; OHara, K.; Duhl, D.; Dreshfield, R.; December 2004; 17 pp.; In English; 10th
International Symposium on Superalloys, 19-23 Sep. 2004, Champion, PA, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-714-04-06
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213062; E-14524; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
A new, fourth generation, single crystal superalloy has been jointly developed by GE Aircraft Engines, Pratt & Whitney,
and NASA. The focus of the effort was to develop a turbine airfoil alloy with long-term durability for use in the High Speed
Civil Transport. In order to achieve adequate long-time strength improvements at moderate temperatures and retain good
microstructural stability, it was necessary to make significant composition changes from 2nd and 3rd generation single crystal
superalloys. These included lower chromium levels, higher cobalt and rhenium levels and the inclusion of a new alloying
element, ruthenium. It was found that higher Co levels were beneficial to reducing both TCP precipitation and SRZ formation.
Ruthenium caused the refractory elements to partition more strongly to the ‘ phase, which resulted in better overall alloy
stability. The final alloy, EPM 102, had significant creep rupture and fatigue improvements over the baseline production alloys
and had acceptable microstructural stability. The alloy is currently being engine tested and evaluated for advanced engine
applications.
Author
Heat Resistant Alloys; Mechanical Properties; Creep Properties; Ruthenium; Rhenium
27
NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of plastics, elastomers, lubricants, polymers, textiles, adhesives, and ceramic
materials. For composite materials see 24 Composite Materials.
20050009913 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Metallic Hydrogen and Nano-Tube Magnets
Cole, John W.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; Army’s National Ground Intelligence Center Workshop, 3-5 Nov. 2004,
Charlottesville, VA, USA; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
When hydrogen is subjected to enough pressure the atoms will be pressed into close enough proximity that each electron
is no longer bound to a single proton. The research objectives is to find whether metallic hydrogen can be produced and once
produced will the metallic hydrogen be metastable and remain in the metallic form when the pressure is released.
Author
Metallic Hydrogen; Metastable State; Nanotubes
38
20050010192 Pittsburgh Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA
Modeling Polymers Containing Rod-Like Fillers: From Morphology to Mechanical Behavior
Balazs, Anna C., Author; Jasnow, David, Author; Oct. 2004; 6 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-01-1-0574
Report No.(s): AD-A427553; ARO-41869.1-CH; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Using theory and simulation, our goal was to: * Determine the morphology of mixtures of nanoscopic rods and polymers
* Establish routes for driving nanoscopic spheres to self-assemble into rod-like or percolating structures within the polymers
* Predict the macroscopic properties of the reinforced polymers In order to carry out these studies, we employed hybrid
models that we recently developed to investigate both the dynamic and equilibrium properties of nanocomposites. Our
CH/BD’ model integrates a Cahn-Hilliard (CH) theory for binary blends with a Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation for
nanoparticles to capture the structural evolution of the mixture. Our ‘SCE/DET’ combines a self-consistent field theory (SCFT)
for diblock copolymers and density functional theory (DFT) for particles to generate the equilibrium morphology of the
system. The structural information that we obtained from the CH/BD and SCF/DFT studies was then used to compute the
mechanical, electrical or optical properties of the composite. In this manner, we could meet our goal of not only charactering
the structure of the mixture but also, determining the macroscopic properties of those specific materials. Such studies are vital
for establishing fundamental structure-property relationships for nanocomposites.
DTIC
Composite Materials; Mechanical Properties; Morphology; Rods
20050010205 Columbia Univ., New York, NY USA
The Molecular Design of Smart Polymer Surfaces
Koberstein, Jeffrey T., Author; Oct. 2004; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0104
Report No.(s): AD-A427645; ARO-41223.10-MS; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Our long-term objective is to develop two new concepts for molecular design of smart polymer surfaces: end functional
surface active block copolymers to create smart surfaces with selective adhesion properties, and surfaces with properties that
can be switched with light. In the former case, chain interpenetration, if present, does not contribute significantly to the
interfacial energy release rate; adhesion enhancement is only observed when the copolymer terminus reacts with the adherand.
Complementary to these studies, endfunctional homopolymers are studied as model systems reflecting the character of all
functional polymer surfaces. The lattice model we developed successfully reproduces functional polymer surface tensions, end
group concentration depth profiles measured by angle dependant x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ADXPS), and surface
structural changes accompanying surface reorganization. Two novel technologies have been developed that produce surfaces
with chemical structures that can be switched upon illumination with light. Surface active block copolymers are employed to
create surfaces with micropatterned carboxylic acid groups on polymeric substrates. End-functional azo compounds are used
to produce chemically and physically patterned surfaces on gold substrates. In the latter case, surface functionality can be
switched reversibly by photophysical induced conformational changes, while irreversible chemical changes can be achieved
by photolysis reactions.
DTIC
Polymers; Surface Properties
20050010268 Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA USA
Interfacial Synthesis of Electrically Conducting Polyaniline Nanofiber Composites
Hopkins, A. R., Author; Sawall, D. D., Author; Villahermosa, R. M., Author; Lipeles, R. A., Author; Aug. 2004; 14 pp.; In
English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8802-04-C-0001
Report No.(s): AD-A427830; TR-2004(8565)-7; SMC-TR-05-04; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In this work, polyaniline/poly(sulfonated styrene) nanofiber composites were prepared by an interfacial method. The
in-situ polymerization technique of these PANI nanofibers in the presence of sulfonated polystyrene allowed for the growth
of PANI 2-D nanostructures embedded in the polymerized sulfonated host. This facile approach enables a self-assembly of
these nanofibers into a workable, robust, conductive composite that can be processed and cast from water. A low accelerating
voltage SEM was used to image these twisted fibers within the bulk of the cast film. In addition, the SEM confirmed the
self-assembly of these 40-50 nm fibers within the host PSS to yield an electrically conducting composite film.
DTIC
Nanotechnology; Polystyrene
39
28
PROPELLANTS AND FUELS
Includes rocket propellants, igniters, and oxidizers; their storage and handling procedures; and aircraft fuels. For nuclear fuels see 73
Nuclear Physics. For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; and 44
Energy Production and Conversion.
20050009897 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Advanced Chemical Propulsion Study
Woodcock, Gordon; Byers, Dave; Alexander, Leslie A.; Krebsbach, Al; October 27, 2004; 14 pp.; In English; 36th Annual
Division for Planetary Science, 8-10 Nov. 2004, Louisville, KY, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
A study was performed of advanced chemical propulsion technology application to space science (Code S) missions. The
purpose was to begin the process of selecting chemical propulsion technology advancement activities that would provide
greatest benefits to Code S missions. Several missions were selected from Code S planning data, and a range of advanced
chemical propulsion options was analyzed to assess capabilities and benefits re these missions. Selected beneficial applications
were found for higher-performing bipropellants, gelled propellants, and cryogenic propellants. Technology advancement
recommendations included cryocoolers and small turbopump engines for cryogenic propellants; space storable propellants
such as LOX-hydrazine; and advanced monopropellants. It was noted that fluorine-bearing oxidizers offer performance gains
over more benign oxidizers. Potential benefits were observed for gelled propellants that could be allowed to freeze, then
thawed for use.
Author
Chemical Propulsion; Cryogenic Rocket Propellants; Engine Design; Gelled Propellants; Liquid Rocket Propellants; Storable
Propellants
29
SPACE PROCESSING
Includes space-based development of materials, compounds, and processes for research or commercial application. Also includes the
development of materials and compounds in simulated reduced-gravity environments. For legal aspects of space commercialization see
84 Law, Political Science and Space Policy.
20050009800 Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL, USA
Space Biotechnology and Commercial Applications University of Florida
Phillips, Winfred; Evanich, Peggy L.; December 2004; 28 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG10-316; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The Space Biotechnology and Commercial Applications grant was funded by NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in FY 2002
to provide dedicated biotechnology and agricultural research focused on the regeneration of space flight environments with
direct parallels in Earth-based applications for solving problems in the environment, advances in agricultural science, and
other human support issues amenable to targeted biotechnology solutions. This grant had three project areas, each with
multiple tasks. They are: 1) Space Agriculture and Biotechnology Research and Education, 2) Integrated Smart Nanosensors
for Space Biotechnology Applications, and 3) Commercial Applications. The Space Agriculture and Biotechnology Research
and Education (SABRE) Center emphasized the fundamental biology of organisms involved in space flight applications,
including those involved in advanced life support environments because of their critical role in the long-term exploration of
space. The SABRE Center supports research at the University of Florida and at the Space Life Sciences Laboratory (SLSL)
at the Kennedy Space Center. The Integrated Smart Nanosensors for Space Biotechnology Applications component focused
on developing and applying sensor technologies to space environments and agricultural systems. The research activities in
nanosensors were coordinated with the SABRE portions of this grant and with the research sponsored by the NASA
Environmental Systems Commercial Space Technology Center located in the Department of Environmental Engineering
Sciences. Initial sensor efforts have focused on air and water quality monitoring essential to humans for living and working
permanently in space, an important goal identified in NASA’s strategic plan. The closed environment of a spacecraft or
planetary base accentuates cause and effect relationships and environmental impacts. The limited available air and water
resources emphasize the need for reuse, recycling, and system monitoring. It is essential to collect real-time information from
these systems to ensure crew safety. This new class of nanosensors will be critical to monitoring the space flight environment
in future NASA space systems. The Commercial Applications component of this program pursued industry partnerships to
develop products for terrestrial use of NASA sponsored technologies, and in turn to stimulate growth in the biotechnology
industry. For technologies demonstrating near term commercial potential, the objective is to include industry partners on or
40
about the time of proof of concept that will not only co-invest in the technology but also take the resultant technology to the
commercial market.
Author
Aerospace Engineering; Aerospace Systems; Biotechnology; Closed Ecological Systems; Life Support Systems; Space
Commercialization; Space Laboratories; Technology Utilization; Agriculture
31
ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to engineering and applied physics, and particular areas of vacuum technology, industrial
engineering, cryogenics, and fire prevention. For specific topics in engineering see categories 32 through 39.
20050010068 Helsinki Univ., Helsinki, Finland
Inverse Problems for Nonsmooth First Order Perturbations of the Laplacian
Salo, Mikko; Martio, Olli, Editor; 2004; ISSN 1239-6303; 71 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): Rept-139; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The inverse conductivity problem has attracted a great deal of interest in the last 25 years, and both its theoretical and
applied aspects have been under intense study. The problem forms the basis for an imaging method called electrical impedance
tomography. Physically, the idea is to find the electrical conductivity of a body by making current and voltage measurements
at the boundary. Possible applications include medical imaging, geophysical prospection, and nondestructive testing of
mechanical parts.
Derived from text
Electrical Resistivity; Nondestructive Tests; Tomography; Electrical Impedance
20050010180 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Baseline Testing of Ultracapacitors for the Next Generation Launch Technology (NGLT) Project
Eichenberg, Dennis J.; November 2004; 24 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-794-40-51
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213344; E-14812; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The NASA John H. Glenn Research Center initiated baseline testing of ultracapacitors for the Next Generation Launch
Transportation (NGLT) project to obtain empirical data for determining the feasibility of using ultracapacitors for the project.
There are large transient loads associated with NGLT that require either a very large primary energy source or an energy
storage system. The primary power source used for these tests is a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The energy
storage system can consist of devices such as batteries, flywheels, or ultracapacitors. Ultracapacitors were used for these tests.
Ultracapacitors are ideal for applications such as NGLT where long life, maintenance-free operation, and excellent
low-temperature performance is essential. State-of-the-art symmetric ultracapacitors were used for these tests. The
ultracapacitors were interconnected in an innovative configuration to minimize interconnection impedance. PEM fuel cells
provide excellent energy density, but not good power density. Ultracapacitors provide excellent power density, but not good
energy density. The combination of PEM fuel cells and ultracapacitors provides a power source with excellent energy density
and power density. The life of PEM fuel cells is shortened significantly by large transient loads. Ultracapacitors used in
conjunction with PEM fuel cells reduce the transient loads applied to the fuel cell, and thus appreciably improves its life. PEM
fuel cells were tested with and without ultracapacitors, to determine the benefits of ultracapacitors. The report concludes that
the implementation of symmetric ultracapacitors in the NGLT power system can provide significant improvements in power
system performance and reliability.
Author
Fuel Cells; Electrochemical Capacitors; Flux Density; Hybrid Propulsion; Ambient Temperature
20050010207 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA
Common Time Reference for Naval Systems
Beard, Ronald L., Author; White, Joseph D., Author; Detoma, Edoardo, Author; DuPuis, Patty, Author; Oct. 2004; 66 pp.;
In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427684; NRL/FR/8150--04-10; 079; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
A Common Time Reference (CTR) is a critical factor in the development of new force capabilities, and perhaps the most
difficult to achieve without dependence upon GPS. A technical architecture linking the systems on a common reference
41
framework using their existing time and frequency standards was examined as the most effective approach to achieving
interoperable systems. To build an inter-systems architecture within the existing system and platform infrastructure will
require a fundamental change in adopting interoperable interfaces and more extensive management of the fabric of technical
parameters. The foundation of this new architecture can be built upon the existing infrastructure distributed throughout the
legacy and developing systems. The means of providing the elements for this architecture and supporting infrastructure is the
objective of this report. The interconnection of assets provides the means for synchronization and coherent system operation.
DTIC
Frequency Standards; Time Measurement; Time Signals
20050010240 Gosstandard of Russia, Moscow, Russia
The National Time and Frequency Service of the Russian Federation
Krutikov, V., Author; Kostromin, V., Author; Koshelyaevsky, N., Author; Sep. 2004; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427779; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The paper describes the State Service for Time and Frequency of the Russian Federation. The paper starts with brief
historical information. Then the modern legal status and organizational structure of the State Service are described. Because
the measurement abilities and accuracy level of the State Service are defined on the basis of standards, the paper contains a
traceability chart, the composition, and the performance of the State Standard for Time and Frequency and the network of
secondary laboratories spreading from Moscow to Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky in the Kamchatka peninsula. Taking into
account qualified personnel, high performance, and a very advantageous geographical location, today the knowledge and
instrumentation of the State Service are involved in many state programs requiring precise time and coordinates support, as
well as in traditional activities.
DTIC
Frequencies; Organizations; Russian Federation
20050010246 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany
An Update on PTB’s Activities in Time and Frequency
Piester, D., Author; Bauch, A., Author; Becker, J., Author; Polewka, T., Author; Sep. 2004; 13 pp.; In English; Original
contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427791; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Recent activities in the field of time and frequency pursued at PTB were directed towards an improvement in quality and
reliability of services offered by PTB. The infrastructure for realizing the time scale UTC (PTB) and the monitoring of PTB’s
time services was modernized. Several calibration exercises were conducted which resulted in an improved knowledge of
internal delays of PTB’s time comparison equipment. As the foundation of our work, we continued the operation of the
primary clocks CS1 and CS2, and of the cold-atom cesium fountain CSF1.
DTIC
Clocks; Frequencies
20050010288 Observatoire Cantonal, Neuchatel, Switzerland
Development of New RB Clocks in Observatoire De Neuchatel
Affolderbach, C., Author; Mileti, G., Author; Sep. 2004; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427867; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
We present our ongoing development of a compact (\h1.5 liters) and high-performance (10(-14) at 10(4) s) laser-pumped
rubidium clock for space applications like, e.g., satellite navigation systems (GALILEO). A compact laser head was developed
that includes frequency stabilization of the pump light to a reference cell. Recent clock stability results obtained with this laser
head reach 2*10(-13) at 1000s, limited mainly by residual cell temperature coefficients and light shift effects. We discuss
strategies to overcome these limitations and the relationship between the stabilities of the pump laser and the clock.
Comparisons of the laser and clock frequency stabilities are presented for stabilization to both Doppler and sub-Doppler
spectroscopy.
DTIC
Atomic Clocks; Clocks
42
32
COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
Includes radar; radio, wire, and optical communications; land and global communications; communications theory. For related
information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications,
Command and Tracking; for search and rescue, see 03 Air Transportation and Safety; and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.
20050000006 Transtek, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Wireless Mine-Wide Telecommunications Technology
Meiksin, Z. H.; Jan. 2004; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822690; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
We built and tested a vehicle (people) tracking system. The system detects and identifies moving objects when they
approach within a distance of 20 to 30 feet from a beacon that designates the location. A test vehicle and its location identities
were transmitted to Transteks in-mine wireless communications system. This system, in turn, relayed the information to a
desktop monitor. While the system functioned as required, it is recommended that a variation of the system in which the
beacon and sensor are replaced with an RFID pair be investigated. This would eliminate the need to power the transponder
device on the vehicle, or person, as the device would receive the energy from the location identifier beacon positioned at a
fixed location.
NTIS
Wireless Communication; Transponders; Identities
20050009975 Porto Univ., Portugal
Combining One-Class Classifiers for Mobile-User Substitution Detection
Puuronen, Seppo; Mazhelis, Oleksiy; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 159-160; In English;
See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Modern personal mobile devices, as mobile phones, smartphones, and communicators can be easily lost or stolen. Due
to the power and functional abilities of these devices, their use by an unintended person may result in a severe security incident
concerning private or corporate data and services. The means of user substitution detection are needed to be able to detect
situations when a device is used by a non-legitimate user. In this paper, the problem of user substitution detection is considered
as a one-class classification problem where the current user behavior is classified as the one of the legitimate use or of another
person. Different behavioral characteristics are to be analyzed independently by dedicated one-class classifiers. In order to
combine the classifications produced by these classifiers, a new combining rule is proposed. This rule is applied in a way that
makes the outputs of dedicated classifiers independent on the dimensionality of underlying behavioral characteristics. As a
result, the overall classification accuracy may improve significantly as illustrated in the simulated experiments presented.
Author
Classifiers; Detection; Substitutes; Security; Classifications
20050009976 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Wireless Application that Monitors ECG Signals
Arrieta, Jimena Rodriquez; Dranca, Lacramioara; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 160; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In this paper, we present an innovating on-line monitoring system that has been developed by applying new advances in
biosensors, mobile devices and wireless technologies. The aim of the system is to monitor people that suffer from heart
arrhythmias without having to be hospitalized; and therefore, living a normal life while feeling safe at the same time. On the
one hand, the architecture of the system is presented; and, on the other hand, some performance results and implementation
details are explained that show how the previous solution can be effectively implemented and deployed into a system that
makes use of PDAs, and wireless communications: Bluetooth and GPRS. Moreover, special attention has been taken in two
aspects: cost of the wireless communications and delay time for the detected serious heart anomalies.
Author
Electrocardiography; Wireless Communication; Sensory Feedback; Arrhythmia; Bioinstrumentation
20050010051 Porto Univ., Portugal
Seamless Communication And Access To Information For Mobile Users In A Wireless Environment
Vassileva, Julita; Sharifi, Golha; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 147-148; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
43
Providing mobile workers with mobile devices such as a Compaq iPaq with a CDPD card can support them in retrieving
information from centralized information systems. More specifically, mobile devices can enable mobile users to make
notifications for schedule changes and add new data into the information system. In addition these devices can facilitate group
communication anytime and anywhere. This paper presents different ways of providing non-critical information in a timely
fashion for nomadic users of mobile devices using a wireless network. A distributed application prototype to support nomadic
users is proposed, and a simulated environment is used to evaluate the prototype. Since solutions for seamless access are
highly domain specific, the study involves homecare workers at Saskatoon District Health (SDH). By keeping track of the
users’ current context (time, location etc.) and a user task model, it is possible to predict the information needs of mobile user.’
and to provide context dependent adaptation of both the content and the functionality. Moreover, to avoid interrupts in the
user’s interaction with the main information sources, methods for mobile transactions management using agent-based smart
proxies that buffer, delay or pre-fetch information/data are introduced.
Author
Information Systems; Personnel; Communication
20050010081 General Services Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Integrated Service Delivery. Governments Using Technology to Service the Citizen. International, Federal, and Local
Government Experiences
Aug. 1999; 44 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101215; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Information technology is revolutionizing the way governments work and the ways in which they deliver services to the
public. The Internet has increased public access to government services. Initially, the Internet was used to disseminate
information. As technology advanced, governments began to build interactive, web-based applications designed for and
delivering services to the citizen. Today, the more robust service delivery systems reflect this citizen orientation. In the spring
of 1999, the Office of Intergovernmental Solutions (OIS) conducted a survey of government websites from other countries and
from sites in the USA at the federal, state, and local levels. The objective was to identify those sites that provide integrated
services to the citizen. What we found is a trend that is gaining momentum but has not yet matured. In fact,we are witnessing
a trend that will steadily evolve in the next decade. When it does, society will be significantly changed in the way citizens
interact with their governments.
NTIS
Information Systems; Governments
20050010085 Swedish Defence Research Establishment, Linkoeping, Sweden
Future Interaction Cocepts, Land-Sea-Interactive Examples
Carlander, O.; Hasewinkel, H.; Nov. 2003; In Swedish
Report No.(s): PB2005-100610; FOI-R-1109-SE; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
In GUI-based systems today, there is a clear methodology in the design of a system and there are also methodologies to
predict the interaction between the user and the system. However, this does not reflect the way the user normally interacts with
the world. To develop an interface that allows this is more complex, as it requires advanced technology and redesign of some
interaction styles. To be able to exemplify some new interaction concepts, a number of interactive examples; spatial radio
communication, immersiveness and an interface for high-speed navigation at sea, were constructed. Focus has been on known
problems, or situations where there is a need for increased MSI-support. During the autumn, possible solutions to these
situations has been shown with aid from the interactive examples discussed above. The project has been performed as a
pre-study where certain principles have been tried as a foundation for a more comprehensive project starting 2004. During
2003, the aim was to show possible MSI-solutions regarding current problems and information load in the Swedish armed
forces. A central theme has been to try different types of multimodal interaction styles as; tactile sensations, spatial sound and
visual overlay.
NTIS
Graphical User Interface; Information
20050010087 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, La Trobe Univ., Bundoora, Australia
Dublin Core and the Alternative Interface Access Protocol
Sheppard, C. L.; LaPlant, B.; Nevile, L.; Aug. 2004; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-100315; NISTIR-7150; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
44
This paper is a report on a metadata effort that aims to make all of our lives easier, especially the lives of people with
disabilities. The metadata will be used to enable interoperability between a ‘Universal Remote Console (URC)’ and a variety
of ‘intelligent’ objects including appliances, consumer electronics, environmental controls, and Internet services in a way that
is designed to provide users with a single look-and-feel interface. Developing this metadata raises issues of compatibility with
current metadata sets and it is hoped that through collaboration with the Dublin Core community, advances can be made in
the scope utility of interoperable metadata.
NTIS
Interoperability; Environmental Control
20050010088 Swedish Defence Research Establishment, Linkoeping
Smart Skin Antenna Arrmy for 8-12 GHz
Huss, L. G.; Pohl, A.; Gunnarsson, R.; Carlegrim, B.; Leijon, S.; Dec. 2003; In Swedish
Report No.(s): PB2005-100607; FOI-R-0998-SE; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This report shows the design and evaluation of the smart skin antenna array that has been manufactured using standard
printed circuit board technology. The antenna array, which is less than 7 mm in thickness, is a complete front-end for a X-band
radar receiver with digital beamforming. The array contains 36 antenna elements of which 16 elements are active. Aperture
coupled stacked microstrip antennas have been used as antenna elements which covers the frequency range of 8-12 GHz.
NTIS
Antenna Arrays; Printed Circuits; Radar Receivers; Circuit Boards
20050010124 Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Improving the Effectiveness of Traffic Monitoring Based on Wireless Location Technology
Fontaine, M. D.; Smith, B. L.; Dec. 2004; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101792; VTRC 05-R17; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Reliable and accurate data on traffic flow characteristics are a fundamental requirement for the effective operation of
transportation facilities. Data on traffic flow can be used for multiple purposes, ranging from providing traveler information
to creating performance measures for the transportation system. The current state of the practice in Virginia, as well as the rest
of the nation, is to rely on a network of inductive loop detectors (ILDs) to gather information on traffic flow at fixed points
on the roadway network. Although ILDs are a proven technology, they have a number of limitations. Since loops are actually
installed within the pavement, roadway lane closures must be used to maintain the ILDs. The cost to maintain ILDs and their
associated communications infrastructure is also significant. As a result, a dense network of point detectors are usually
available only on heavily traveled urban freeways. The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) will likely need to
expand the size of the network that it monitors to support better the increased emphasis VDOT is placing on system operations.
NTIS
Flow Characteristics; Information Flow; Traffıc; Transportation
20050010128 General Services Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Wireless Technology in Government
Nov. 2001; 68 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101760; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
This report is based on the discussions and recommendations of the Intergovernmental Advisory Board (IAB) of the
Federation of Government Information Processing Councils. During the Intergovernmental Advisory Board (IAB)
teleconference on April 11, 2001, several topics for possible exploration in 2001 were discussed. In particular, there was strong
support for an IAB report regarding Wireless Technology in Government. This subject is topical because little is published,
and we expect tremendous growth in the use of the technology to further the goals of electronic government. This report was
compiled by soliciting input from international, federal, state and local governments and their industry partners regarding how
they are using or plan to use wireless technology for advancing electronic government. In particular, we solicited input in the
following areas related to the use of wireless technology to deliver government information and services: Approaches to create
wireless applications; Advantages and/or benefits of wireless technology; Development of government wireless applications;
Tools available to assist in the development of wireless applications; Addressing personal privacy and security in the use of
wireless technology; Barriers to creating wireless applications; Private industry ability to provide mature wireless products and
services; and Status of wireless technology standards. A total of 16 case studies were submitted by the public and private
sectors. Each case study provides a point of contact for obtaining further information that may assist other government entities
45
in their own efforts to implement wireless technology. Some of the major findings from these case studies are highlighted in
the Executive Summary section of this report.
NTIS
Wireless Communication; Governments; Data Processing
20050010133 National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Washington, DC
Evaluation of the Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure Assistance Program. Case Study Report, Los
Angeles Free-Net, 94026, Tarzana, California
Tuss, P.; Somers, L.; Dec. 1997; 26 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101757; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure Assistance Program (TIIAP) represents the expansion of an
existing network, the Los Angeles Free-Net (LAFN). LAFN is a nonprofit organization that provides communication,
education, and information services for the residents of greater Los Angeles using interactive computer and
telecommunications technology. Anyone can access the Los Angeles Free-Net from a computer equipped with a modem. In
addition to offering generic services such as the use of e-mail, access to over 2, 500 news-groups, and access to the Internet
via Lynx, Gopher, and web browsers such as Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer, LAFN provides a vast array of services
that are designed to be of particular interest to residents of Los Angeles County including: extensive community service and
special interest group bulletin boards; access to local, state, and federal legislative information; interactive access to local state
and government officials; special K-12 interactive educational programs; emergency Network-Los Angeles; medical
information bulletin boards; and online access to the Los Angeles Public Library. The LAFN website is organized into 17
separate ‘interest centers.’ The Education Interest Center includes links to schools, colleges, and resources for students,
teachers, administrators, and parents. The Health and Medical Interest Center includes access to an extensive list of medical
journals and university-sponsored consumer health newsletters, free searching of the National Library of Medicine,
descriptions of most disease conditions including standard and experimental treatment options, a rich catalogue of information
about every drug in the U.S. pharmacopoeia (including therapeutic effects, side effects and drug-drug interactions), emergency
medicine information, travel health information, and links to medical centers around the world that offer additional
health-related information of value to the user base. Other interest centers on the site include the Media Interest Center,
offering radio, TV, newspapers, magazines, and online publications; the Religion and Philosophy Interest Center offering
includes local houses of worship and information about the world’s religions; and the Arts and Entertainment Interest Center
offers motion picture, TV, and theater information.
NTIS
Computer Systems Design; Electronic Mail; Telecommunication; Television Systems; Websites
20050010134 National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Washington, DC
Evaluation of the Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure Assistance Program. Case Study Report.
Tri-State Network Demonstration Project, 94068. Starkville, Mississippi
Tuss, P.; Prescott, D.; Aug. 1999; 34 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101753; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure Assistance Program (TIIAP) grant was designed to significantly
expand an interactive framework and technological infrastructure developed by the Tri-State Education Initiative (TSEI), an
educational initiative established by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to support the simultaneous
advancement of the educational, economic, and social/cultural goals of the people of the region. The network served a total
of 30 school districts (5,600 teachers, 102,000 students) in the 9,800 square mile tri-state area. Conceived as an economic and
community development project, the primary objective of the $600, 000 TIIAP demonstration project was to implement a
community-based advanced telecommunications infrastructure that would support economic development efforts focusing
upon Tishomingo County and impacting the surrounding region. This objective was addressed through the provision of the
following services: development of an expanded telecommunications infrastructure including infrastructure improvements in
Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee and expanded infrastructure improvements in Tishomingo County, Mississippi. The
physical network included an advanced telecommunications system that provided two-way interactive video communications,
two-way interactive data communications, Internet connectivity, voice-based information services, and a gateway to all
existing Mississippi networks. The expanded infrastructure was used to develop and implement an integrated community
incubator program through the Tri-State Resource Center (TSRC) located at NASA’s Yellow Creek site in northeast
Mississippi. The small business incubator provided Internet, fax/phone, conference, and other business support services; and
development of WEB, an interactive, wide-area network to facilitate communications among four economic development
46
areas: leadership, applied lifelong learning and training, physical resources, and socioeconomic opportunity.
NTIS
Evaluation; Information Systems; Facsimile Communication; Video Communication
20050010135 National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Washington, DC
Evaluation of the Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure Assistance Program. Case Study Report. Grace
Hill Neighborhood Services, 94083, St. Louis, Missouri
Silverstein, G.; Rak, B.; Aug. 1999; 26 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101754; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The Grace Hill Neighborhood Services project was designed to strengthen and expand an existing service delivery
network in St. Louis, Missouri. This network, the Member Organized Resource Exchange (MORE), is a community-based
network of services that can be exchanged like currency between neighbors. The MORE system allows neighbors to earn and
save ‘time dollars’ when they volunteer their services to one another. Residents receive a MORE Time Dollar for each hour
of service they provide. Conversely, they must relinquish a MORE Time Dollar for each hour of service they receive. These
time dollars can then be used in lieu of cash to barter or ‘purchase’ (1) commodities at neighborhood stores operated by Grace
Hill; (2) a range of services offered through Grace Hill (e.g., counseling services, wellness services, employment assistance);
and (3) a range of services offered by other neighborhood residents/volunteers. The grant recipient, Grace Hill Neighborhood
Services, is a full-service agency that provides assistance to over 40, 000 disadvantaged persons in the St. Louis metropolitan
area. The Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure Assistance Program (TIIAP) was used to increase the number
of neighborhood residents who would have easy access to the MORE system. Specifically, Grace Hill used TIIAP funding to
(1) upgrade the capacity of the computers that are used to link residents with community services, and (2) increase the number
of publicly accessible computer workstations in the low-income neighborhoods served by Grace Hill. These steps dramatically
increased the number of residents who learned about and participated in the MORE system and the Time Dollar Exchange
Program and other Grace Hill Services.
NTIS
Telecommunication; Evaluation; Information Analysis
20050010149 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Detecting Attacks in Computer Networks
Fugate, M.; Gattiker, J. R.; 2004; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101686; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This report describes work in classifying computer network traffic as normal versus network attacks. The data used is
derived from an extended DARPA study that simulated a network with traffic intended to be typical of a military base. This
data was made into a standard and well explored reference when it was offered as the object of the KDD99 Conference ‘KDD
Cup’ contest. The original DARPA data was reduced, and a feature extraction process was performed by domain experts.
Details of the dataset and experiment are discussed. This report will present results from different models optimized using
SVMs, a method of ensemble ANOVA models, and the linear perceptron pocket algorithm. In addition to these benchmark
models that we used for comparison of performance, we compare our results to those of published analysis of both the original
DARPA and the derived KDD datasets. We discuss the data analysis and categorization.
NTIS
Computer Networks; Algorithms; Data Structures
20050010200 Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL USA
Secure Tactical Mobile Intelligent Agents
Burmester, Mike, Author; Yasinsac, Alex, Author; Sep. 2004; 4 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-02-1-0235
Report No.(s): AD-A427578; ARO-43588.14-C1; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Research on protocols in ad hoc networks secret sharing to support distributed computation. and mechanisms to enhance
data encapsulation for mobile computations has continued since our Interim Progress Report. Several papers were published
or submitted for publication relating to the research conducted in relation to this project. An important discovery relating to
the family of algorithms that can guarantee node and link disjoint paths in ad hoc networks of reasonable size and density.
A message delivery mechanism that resists broadcast storm while retaining the positive reliability properties of flooding was
also developed. Work in progress Willard Thompson has devised a framework and corresponding mechanism for protecting
47
privacy of computations by mobile agents called ‘Semantic Encryption Transformation Scheme’. Additional work by
non-ARO funded students Todd MacDonald, a self-funded Ph.D. student of Pl Yasinsac is also working in this area and has
amassed a large volume of work in homomorphic encryption and protocol verification for mobile agent schemes. Khandy
Polite is a DoD ASP student that conducted research in an area closely related to mobile agent security. Her thesis is entitled:
’ Privacy Preserving Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks’ was completed in April 2004. Another DoD lASP student
Anna Suen, completed a Mobile Agent security related thesis entitled: ‘Mobile Agent Protection with Data Encapsulation and
Execution Tracing’ in April 2003.
DTIC
Communication Networks
20050010209 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Salisbury, Australia
Signal Processing in a Semi-Active Seeker
Rosenberg, Luke, Author; Hu, Yiding, Author; Moran, Bill, Author; Aug. 2004; 57 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427687; DSTO-TR-1606; DODA-AR-013-164; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
In publicly available generic digital simulations of semi-active Radio Frequency (RF) seekers, the combined effect of
multipath, sea-clutter and other non- linear noise sources are mainly studied in individual models, while the effect in the
seekers data processing has not been systematically investigated. This report details these effects and how they have been
combined to model the signal processing blocks inside a semi-active seeker. A basic doppler detection scheme is then
simulated to investigate the consequence of these effects on target detection.
DTIC
Homing Devices; Signal Processing
20050010330 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USA
Using Architectures for Research, Development, and Acquisition
Dickerson, C. E., Author; Soules, S. M., Author; Sabins, M. R., Author; Charles, P. H., Author; Oct. 2004; 194 pp.; In
English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427961; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The goal of this book is to show how architectures can be used to enable a capabilities-based approach to the research,
development, and acquisition of DoD families of systems that must interoperate with each other in the conduct of military
operations. Much has been written about architectures and about capabilities-based acquisition. This book is about the pilot
projects that have actually been used to explore the utility of the architecture methodology for both U.S. Navy fleet
experimentation and the recent building of the Fiscal Year 2004 Program Objective Memorandum (POM 04) acquisition plan.
At the time of this book’s publication, the architecture methodology has been used successfully to describe and assess
components of two Fleet Battle Experiments. It was also used to develop organizing exhibits at the early stages of planning
for POM 04, although the exhibits were not used in the final decision-making process. The Assistant Secretary for the Navy
(ASN) Research, Development, and Acquisition (RDA) Chief Engineer did use the Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis to advise
ASN(RDA). Additionally, the architecture methodology has been used to influence decision-making with U.S. Coalition
partners.
DTIC
Procurement; Systems Engineering
20050010367 PAMAM-Human Factors Engineering (1989) Ltd., Hod Hasharon, Israel
Pilot Study: System Model of Situation Awareness: ‘Sensemaking’ and Decision Making in Command and Control
Brickner, Michael S., Author; Lipshitz, Raanan, Author; Mar. 2004; 63 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-03-1-3041; Proj-7841
Report No.(s): AD-A428104; AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2004-0071; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
Sensemaking’ has emerged as an organizing construct, which reflects the key ideas of warfighting in the cognitive domain.
This Pilot Study explores the relationships between ‘sensemaking’, decision making, and situation awareness in the context
of command and control requirements.
DTIC
Command and Control; Decision Making
48
20050010380 Rand Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
Strategies for Defining the Army’s Objective Vision of Command and Control for the 21st Century
Cesar, Edison M., Author; Jan. 1995; 77 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA903-91-C-0006
Report No.(s): AD-A428155; RAND/MR-487-A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy
The uncertainty in the changing world situation and the diversity of crisis situations U.S. forces may face in the future
reinforce the need for force commanders at all levels to be better able to command and control their forces, particularly at the
operational and tactical levels. By being able to execute command and control (C2) rapidly, effectively, and continuously,
forces may be able to quell disturbances in early stages and perhaps limit the need for larger forces or for longer operations.
With improved C2 as a goal, this document presents the results of a concept formulation study that took an initial look at the
command and control on the move (C2OTM) situation as a whole, postulated a set of operational objectives derived from
experiences in Operation Desert Storm (ODS) and from observations based on past RAND research in the area, and reviewed
the Army’s current and evolving C2 subarchitecture(1) against these objectives. The document also suggests some elements
that can help any C2 subarchitecture better meet the postulated operational objectives.
DTIC
Command and Control
20050010382 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Digital Image Synthesizers: Are Enemy Sensors Really Seeing What’s There?
Pace, P. E., Author; Fouts, D. J., Author; Zulaica, D. P., Author; Nov. 2004; 11 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A428160; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
For a successful enemy maneuver, their most important action is the ability to identify, locate and track the correct target.
High-resolution imaging sensors such as the inverse synthetic aperture radar perform this action in the most effective way and
are especially useful against low radar cross section targets. Once the correct target is acquired and identified, the decision to
engage is made and the weapons are selected. Counter-targeting is the attempt to prevent (or degrade) the engage-and-launchweapons decision by the enemy. This paper describes an all-digital image synthesizer technique capable of generating realistic
false-target images for counter-targeting using modem digital radio frequency memory technology. The use in counter-lock
on for coherent seekers in the terminal mode is also discussed. Examples of the output false target image capability are
presented.
DTIC
Electronic Warfare; Synthesizers; Targets
20050010395 Rand Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
Alternative Futures and Their Implications for Army Modernization
Gordon, John, IV, Author; Nichiporuk, Brian, Author; Jan. 2003; 60 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0003
Report No.(s): AD-A428207; RAND/DB-395-A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
As it carries out its long-term force structure and modernization plans, one useful approach for the Army to take is based
on the analysis of ‘alternative futures.’ Having developed several plausible alternative futures (looking out roughly 25 years),
the authors describe each one’s possible implications for the Army’s likely mission and the forces required for those missions,
discussing the impact on Army modernization plans. The futures range from a benign, relatively peaceful world all the way
to a dangerous, chaotic world containing many ‘failed states.’ The research indicated that the creation of medium forces was
a good long-range strategy for the Army, since those forces appeared to be relevant in many of the possible futures. Traditional
heavy forces were found to be useful in a limited number of the possible futures and should therefore receive relatively fewer
modernization resources. Army aviation appeared to be applicable to most of the futures, but there could be a need to shift
the balance from attack-type aviation to transport aircraft, depending on which future appeared more likely. In all cases,
increased C4ISR seemed to be a very important capability. Even within that category, however, there might be a need to focus
C4ISR resources in different ways. For example, in some futures, there would be a need to stress unconventional operations
in urban areas rather than systems more applicable to locating conventional enemy forces in open terrain.
DTIC
Forecasting; Military Operations
49
20050019172 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USA
A Comparison of ‘Direct RF Sampling’ and ‘Down-Convert and Sampling’ Global Positioning System (GPS) Front End
Receiver Architectures
Akos, Dennis M.; Oct. 2004; 25 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0423
Report No.(s): AD-A427825; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0571; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This report presents the final results of an investigation into direct radio frequency (RF) sampling receiver front ends and
compares their performance to the traditional digital receiver front end designs. The distinction between the two
implementations is that a direct RF sampling front end uses no analog frequency down conversion, rather the information
bandwidth is aliased through the sampling process. This type of design significantly simplifies multiple frequency receiver
design, important for receivers used in the Global Positioning System. However, the consequences of such an architecture are
not fully understood as the technology required for their implementation has only recent become available. Past work has
shown the feasible of the approach. This effort and report document the impact on the resulting phase noise, an important
element in receiver design, as a result of the direct RF sampling.
DTIC
Global Positioning System; Radio Frequencies; Radio Receivers; Receivers; Sampling
20050019217 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Frequency Bandwidth Optimization of Left-Handed Metamaterial
Chevalier, Christine T.; Wilson, Jeffrey D.; November 2004; 11 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-090-20-61
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213403; E-14911; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Recently, left-handed metamaterials (LHM s) have been demonstrated with an effective negative index of refraction and
with antiparallel group and phase velocities for microwave radiation over a narrow frequency bandwidth. In order to take
advantage of these characteristics for practical applications, it will be beneficial to develop LHM s with increased frequency
bandwidth response and lower losses. In this paper a commercial three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation code is used
to explore the effects of geometry parameter variations on the frequency bandwidth of a LHM at microwave frequencies.
Utilizing an optimizing routine in the code, a geometry was generated with a bandwidth more than twice as large as the
original geometry.
Author
Refractivity; Computerized Simulation; Frequency Response; Microwave Frequencies
33
ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Includes development, performance, and maintainability of electrical/electronic devices and components; related test equipment; and
microelectronics and integrated circuitry. for related information see also 60 Computer Operations and Hardware; and 76 Solid-State
Physics. For communications equipment and devices see 32 Communications and Radar.
20050000034 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
A MEMS Micro-Translation Stage with Long Linear Translation
Ferguson, Cynthia K.; English, J. M.; Nordin, G. P.; Ashley, P. R.; Abushagur, M. A. G.; [2004]; 6 pp.; In English; NAN0
and Microsystems Technology and Metrologies Conference, 17-18 Nov. 2004, Huntsville, AL, USA; Copyright; Avail: CASI;
A02, Hardcopy
A MEMS Micro-Translation Stage (MTS) actuator concept has been developed that is capable of traveling long distances,
while maintaining low power, low voltage, and accuracy as required by many applications, including optical coupling. The
Micro-Translation Stage (MTS) uses capacitive electrostatic forces in a linear motor application, with stationary stators
arranged linearly on both sides of a channel, and matching rotors on a moveable shuttle. This creates a force that allows the
shuttle to be pulled along the channel. It is designed to carry 100 micron-sized elements on the top surface, and can travel back
and forth in the channel, either in a stepping fashion allowing many interim stops, or it can maintain constant adjustable speeds
for a controlled scanning motion. The MTS travel range is limited only by the size of the fabrication wafer. Analytical
modeling and simulations were performed based on the fabrication process, to assure the stresses, friction and electrostatic
50
forces were acceptable to allow successful operation of this device. The translation forces were analyzed to be near 0.5 micron
N, with a 300 micron N stop-to-stop time of 11.8 ms.
Author
Microelectromechanical Systems; Stators; Electrostatics; Actuators
20050010236 Air Force Research Lab., Rome, NY USA
Polymer Modulator Contact Poling Guide
Flusche, Brian M., Author; Haas, Franz, Author; Sep. 2004; 71 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-LINK
Report No.(s): AD-A427770; AFRL-SN-RS-TM-2004-3; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This guide documents the polymer modulator contact poling procedures developed by AFRL/SNDP between 5 Aug 02
and 5 Aug 04, as well as observations and lessons learned during that time. A partly automated, highly functional poling setup
is described. CPW-I material samples were tested to determine the optimum poling protocol. Modulators fabricated with a core
material consisting of 25% CPW-I by weight in amorphous polycarbonate (APO) yielded a 4.6 volt Vpi. The feasibility of
poling an entire wafer at a time was examined, and challenges identified. Another set of modulators were fabricated using
deuterated methanol and a core consisting of 29% CPW-I in APO. The best of these devices yielded a 4.2 volt Vpi fand losses
comparable to the 25% CPW-I devices, indicating that deuterated methanol possibly reduces loss. 550 volts was determined
to be the optimum poling voltage. Another set of devices were fabricated with a core of 35% FN3, a chromophore developed
in-house. The best of these devices yielded a 20 volt Vpi. Among key poling issues examined were the appropriate poling
temperature, the appropriate time to apply voltage to a sample, and the optimum amount of voltage to apply during poling.
Poling induced bleaching is observed. A discussion is included on the information that can be gained from measuring current
during poling and observing the profile produced.
DTIC
Modulators
20050010247 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA
Proceedings of the 2002 Antenna Applications Symposium - Volume 1
Schaubert, Daniel, Author; Sep. 2002; 228 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427799; AFRL-SN-HS-TR-2005-001-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy
The Proceedings of the 2002 Antenna Applications Symposium is a collection of state-of-the-art papers relating to antenna
arrays, millimeter wave antennas, simulation and measurement of antennas, integrated antennas, and antenna bandwidth and
radiation improvements. Volume 1 contains pages 1-220.
DTIC
Antenna Arrays; Conferences
20050010248 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA
Proceedings of the 2002 Antenna Applications Symposium - Volume 2
Schaubert, Daniel, Author; Sep. 2002; 249 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427800; AFRL-SN-HS-TR-2005-001-VOL-2; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy
The Proceedings of the 2002 Antenna Applications Symposium is a collection of state-of-the-art papers relating to antenna
arrays, millimeter wave antennas, simulation and measurement of antennas, integrated antennas, and antenna bandwidth and
radiation improvements. Volume 2 contains pages 221-456.
DTIC
Antenna Arrays; Conferences
20050010279 Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
High-Order Hybrid Finite Element Technology for Simulation of Large-Scale Array Antennas Embedded in
Inhomogeneous Media
Jin, Jianming, Author; Nov. 2004; 25 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-0210
Report No.(s): AD-A427847; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This report summarizes our research effort on the development of higher-order hybrid finite element techniques that are
capable of simulating large array antennas embedded in inhomogeneous media. The effort led to the development of a suite
51
of FEM-based simulation tools to deal with a variety of array antennas, which include (i) infinitely large periodic phased
arrays, (ii) array antennas that are finite in one dimension and infinitely periodic in the other dimension, (iii) finite array
antennas with arbitrary array elements, and (iv) conformal array antennas mounted on a large complex platform. The
simulation techniques have the following important characteristics: (i) higher-order geometrical modeling, (ii) higher-order
field discretization, (iii) hybridization with surface integral equations using fast algorithms, (iv) a highly effective
preconditioner, and (v) accurate antenna feed modeling.
DTIC
Antenna Arrays; Embedding; Finite Element Method; Phased Arrays; Simulation
20050010353 California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA USA
Equalization With Oversampling in Multiuser CDMA Systems
Vrelj, Bojan, Author; Vaidyanathan, P. P., Author; Apr. 2004; 27 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-99-1-1002
Report No.(s): AD-A428061; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Some of the major challenges in the design of new generation wireless mobile systems are the suppression of multiuser
interference (MUI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) within a single user created by multipath propagation. Both of these
problems were addressed successfully in a recent design of A Mutually-Orthogonal Usercode-Receiver (AMOUR) for
asynchronous or quasi-synchronous CDMA systems. AMOUR converts a multiuser CDMA system into parallel single-user
systems regardless of the multipath and guarantees ISI mitigation irrespective of the channel null locations. However, the noise
amplification at the receiver can be significant in some multipath channels. In this paper, the authors propose to oversample
the received signal as a way of improving the performance of AMOUR systems. They design Fractionally-Spaced AMOUR
(FSAMOUR) receivers with integral and rational amounts of oversampling and compare their performance to the conventional
method. An important point often overlooked in the design of zero-forcing channel equalizers is that sometimes they are not
unique. This becomes especially significant in multiuser applications where, as they will show, the nonuniqueness is
practically guaranteed. They exploit this flexibility in the design of AMOUR and FSAMOUR receivers and achieve noticeable
improvements in performance. (11 figures, 23 refs.)
DTIC
Code Division Multiple Access; Multipath Transmission; Radio Frequency Interference; Radio Receivers; Signal Processing
20050010365 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA
Explosives Detection in Seawater on a Microchip
Collins, Greg E., Author; Sep. 2004; 5 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-03-WX-20118
Report No.(s): AD-A428101; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
Final report detailing effort to develop a capillary electrophoresis (CE) microchip sensor for the real-time, sensitive and
selective detection of energetic explosives in seawater. Two primary issues are specifically addressed: 1) the development of
new methods for enhancing the sensitivity to explosives via a pre-concentration step from seawater into the nonaqueous
solvent, acetonitrile, and subsequent electrochemical detection following their microseparation on a microchip; and 2)
methods for increasing the speed of analysis by employing the ultra-miniaturized solid phase extraction step that is coupled
to a high speed microchip separation platform.
DTIC
Chips (Electronics); Explosives Detection; Sea Water
34
FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
Includes fluid dynamics and kinematics and all forms of heat transfer; boundary layer flow; hydrodynamics; hydraulics; fluidics; mass
transfer and ablation cooling. For related information see also 02 Aerodynamics.
20050009915 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Optical/X-Ray Stereoscopic Tracking Velocimetry
Cha, Soyoung S.; Ramachandran, Narayanan; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; American Society of Mechanical Engineers
International Mechanical Engineering Congress, 13-20 Nov. 2004, Anaheim, CA, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS8-02096; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
52
Measurement of three-dimensional (3-D) three-component velocity fields is of great importance in a variety of research
and industrial applications for understanding materials processing, fluid physics, and strain/displacement measurements. The
3-D experiments in these fields most likely inhibit the use of conventional techniques, which are based only on planar and
optically-transparent-field observation. Here, we briefly review the current status of 3-D diagnostics for motion/velocity
detection, for both optical and x-ray systems. As an initial step for providing 3-D capabilities, we nave developed stereoscopic
tracking velocimetry (STV) to measure 3-D flow/deformation through optical observation. The STV is advantageous in system
simplicity, for continually observing 3- D phenomena in near real-time. In an effort to enhance the data processing through
automation and to avoid the confusion in tracking numerous markers or particles, artificial neural networks are employed to
incorporate human intelligence. Our initial optical investigations have proven the STV to be a very viable candidate for
reliably measuring 3-D flow motions. With previous activities are focused on improving the processing efficiency, overall
accuracy, and automation based on the optical system, the current efforts is directed to the concurrent expansion to the x-ray
system for broader experimental applications.
Author
Displacement Measurement; Fluid Dynamics; Velocity Distribution; Velocity Measurement
20050010089 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA, USA
Experimental Study of Flapping Fins in the MIT Water Tunnel
Hoover, F. S.; McLEtchie, K. W.; Flores, M. D.; Techet, A. H.; Chryssotmodis, C.; Jan. 30, 2004; 30 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-100311; MITSG-04-4; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
We present the implementation and results from tests of a pivoted flapping foil device in the MIT Water Tunnel. The test
program comprised two parts: the first is a systematic study of variations in frequency and angles of attack for the purpose
of developing mean propulsive forces. The second part is a focused study to assess the effect of pitch bias in the flapping foil,
as it pertains to mean lift coefficients, which can be used for maneuvering or for propulsion if mapped onto a rotating propeller.
NTIS
Fins; Water Tunnel Tests; Hydrofoils
20050010166 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Chemistry Modeling for Aerothermodynamics and TPS
Wang, Dun-You; Stallcop, James R.; Dateo, Christopher E.; Schwenke, David W.; Haliciogiu, Timur; Huo, Winifred; August
10, 2004; 6 pp.; In English; 2nd Interplanetary Probe Workshop, 23-26 Aug. 2004, Moffett Field, CA, USA; No Copyright;
Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Recent advances in supercomputers and highly scalable quantum chemistry software render computational chemistry
methods a viable means of providing chemistry data for aerothermal analysis at a specific level of confidence. Four examples
of first principles quantum chemistry calculations will be presented. The study of the highly nonequilibrium rotational
distribution of nitrogen molecule from the exchange reaction N + N2 illustrates how chemical reactions can influence the
rotational distribution. The reaction C2H + H2 is one example of a radical reaction that occurs during hypersonic entry into
a methane containing atmosphere. A study of the etching of Si surface illustrates our approach to surface reactions. A recently
developed web accessible database and software tool (DDD) that provides the radiation profile of diatomic molecules is also
described.
Author
Aerothermodynamics; Chemical Reactions; Computational Chemistry; Thermal Insulation
20050010267
Status of Advanced Two-Phase Flow Model Development for SRM Chamber Flow Field and Combustion Modeling
Luke, Gary, Author; Eagar, Mark, Author; Sears, Michael, Author; Felt, Scott, Author; Prozan, Bob, Author; Jan. 2004;
28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-03-C-0041; Proj-5026
Report No.(s): AD-A427829; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This document consists of Briefing charts which provide an overview of the Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion
Technology(IHPRPT) Phase III Solid Rocket Motor Modeling Program, presented at the 2004 TFAWS Meeting in Pasadena,
CA.
DTIC
Combustion; Combustion Chemistry; Flow Distribution; Reaction Kinetics; Two Phase Flow
53
20050010329 General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Ann Arbor, MI USA
Hydrodynamic Modeling for Stationary Breaking Waves
Walker, David T., Author; Alajbegovic, Ales, Author; Hunt, Jason D., Author; Aug. 2004; 53 pp.; In English; Original
contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): HR0011-04-C-0022
Report No.(s): AD-A427960; 200392-8-F; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
In this study, approaches for calculating the hydrodynamics of breaking waves were examined and the impact of
hydrodynamic model errors on the prediction of radar backscatter was assessed. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)
computations of stationary hydrofoil-generated breaking waves were carried out, including the modeling of the breaking
region. These results were compared to experimental data. A subset of these results was used as input to the Veridian scattering
model (VSM) and the results were also compared to available data. The results were then used define the research needs in
this area.
DTIC
Hydrodynamics
20050019212 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Multi-Fidelity Simulation of a Turbofan Engine With Results Zoomed Into Mini-Maps for a Zero-D Cycle Simulation
Turner, Mark G.; Reed, John A.; Ryder, Robert; Veres, Joseph P.; November 2004; 19 pp.; In English; Turbo Expo 2004,
14-17 Jun. 2004, Vienna, Austria
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-708-87-01
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213076; GT2004-53956; E-14551; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
A Zero-D cycle simulation of the GE90-94B high bypass turbofan engine has been achieved utilizing mini-maps
generated from a high-fidelity simulation. The simulation utilizes the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS)
thermodynamic cycle modeling system coupled to a high-fidelity full-engine model represented by a set of coupled 3D
computational fluid dynamic (CFD) component models. Boundary conditions from the balanced, steady state cycle model are
used to define component boundary conditions in the full-engine model. Operating characteristics of the 3D component
models are integrated into the cycle model via partial performance maps generated from the CFD flow solutions using
one-dimensional mean line turbomachinery programs. This paper highlights the generation of the high-pressure compressor,
booster, and fan partial performance maps, as well as turbine maps for the high pressure and low pressure turbine. These are
actually ‘mini-maps’ in the sense that they are developed only for a narrow operating range of the component. Results are
compared between actual cycle data at a take-off condition and the comparable condition utilizing these mini-maps. The
mini-maps are also presented with comparison to actual component data where possible.
Author
Computational Fluid Dynamics; Gas Turbine Engines; Systems Simulation; Computerized Simulation; Propulsion; Turbofan
Engines
35
INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
Includes remote sensors; measuring instruments and gages; detectors; cameras and photographic supplies; and holography. For aerial
photography see 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation;
and 19 Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics.
20050000102 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer C and X Band Microwave Observations During SMEX03
Jackson, Thomas J.; Bindlish, Rajat; Gasiewski, Albin J.; Stankov, Boba; Klein, Marian; Njoku, Eni G.; Bosch, David;
Coleman, Thomas; Laymon, Charles; Starks, Patrick; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract
Only
Soil Moisture Experiments 2003 (SMEX03) was the second in a series of field campaigns using the NOAA Polarimetric
Scanning Radiometer (PSR/CX) designed to validate brightness temperature data and soil moisture retrieval algorithms for the
Advanced during SMEX03 were: calibration and validation of AMSR-E brightness temperature observations over different
climate/vegetation regions of the US. (Alabama, Georgia, Oklahoma), identification of possible sources of Radio Frequency
Interference (RFI), comparison of X-band observations from TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), AMSR-E and PSR/CX, and
exploring the potential of soil moisture retrieval algorithms using C and X band imagery in diverse landscapes. In the current
54
investigation, more than one hundred flightlines of PSR/CX data were extensively processed to produce gridded brightness
temperature products for the four study regions. Variations associated with soil moisture were not as large as hoped for due
to the lack of significant rainfall in Oklahoma. Observations obtained over Alabama include a wide range of soil moisture and
vegetation conditions for C and X band frequencies. These results clearly showed a lack of sensitivity to rainfall/soil moisture
under forest canopy cover. Quantitative comparisons made between the PSR/CX, AMSR-E for validated that both the PSR/CX
and AMSR-E data were well calibrated. X band comparisons of the PSR/CX high resolution and AMSR-E and TMI
low-resolution data indicated a linear scaling for the range of conditions studied in SMEX03. These results will form the basis
for further soil moisture investigations.
Author
Microwaves; Polarimetry; Soil Moisture; C Band; Superhigh Frequencies; Radiometers; Scanners
20050000105 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
X-MIME: An Imaging X-ray Spectrometer for Detailed Study of Jupiter’s Icy Moons and the Planet’s X-ray Aurora
Elsner, R. F.; Ramsey, B. D.; Waite, J. H.; Rehak, P.; Johnson, R. E.; Cooper, J. F.; Swartz, D. A.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English;
36th Annual DPS Meeting, 8-12 Nov. 2004, Louisville, KY, USA; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Remote observations with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the XMM-Newton Observatory have shown that the Jovian
system is a source of x-rays with a rich and complicated structure. The planet’s polar auroral zones and its disk are powerful
sources of x-ray emission. Chandra observations revealed x-ray emission from the Io Plasma Torus and from the Galilean
moons Io, Europa, and possibly Ganymede. The emission from these moons is certainly due to bombardment of their surfaces
of highly energetic protons, oxygen and sulfur ions from the region near the Torus exciting atoms in their surfaces and leading
to fluorescent x-ray emission lines. Although the x-ray emission from the Galilean moons is faint when observed from Earth
orbit, an imaging x-ray spectrometer in orbit around these moons, operating at 200 eV and above with 150 eV energy
resolution, would provide a detailed mapping (down to 40 m spatial resolution) of the elemental composition in their surfaces.
Such maps would provide important constraints on formation and evolution scenarios for the surfaces of these moons. Here
we describe the characteristics of X-MIME, an imaging x-ray spectrometer under going a feasibility study for the JIMO
mission, with the ultimate goal of providing unprecedented x-ray studies of the elemental composition of the surfaces of
Jupiter’s icy moons and Io, as well as of Jupiter’s auroral x-ray emission.
Author
X Ray Spectrometers; Imaging Spectrometers; Jupiter (Planet); Jupiter Satellites; X Ray Astronomy
20050000115 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Future Space Telescope Mirror Technology Requirements
Stahl, H. Philip; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; Frontiers in Optics, 10-14 Oct. 2004, Rochester, NY, USA; No Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources; Abstract Only
Large-aperture lightweight space mirrors are critical for future NASA space science missions. This presentation
summaries the optical minor requirements necessary to enable several planned missions.
Author
Spaceborne Telescopes; Mirrors
20050009899 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
The Marshall Space Flight Center Solar Ultraviolet Magnetograph
West, E. A.; Porter, J. G.; Davis, J. M.; Gary, G. A.; Noble, M. W.; Lewis, M.; Thomas, Roger J.; UV and Gamma-Ray Space
Telescope Systems; [2004]; ISSN 0277-786X; Volume 5488, pp. 801-812; In English; UV and Gamma-Ray Space Telescope
Systems, 21-24 Jun. 2004, Glasgow, Scotland, UK; Original contains black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): SPIE Paper 5488-132; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper will describe the objectives of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Solar Ultraviolet Magnetograph
Investigation (SUMI) and the optical components that have been developed to meet those objectives. In order to test the
scientific feasibility of measuring magnetic fields in the UV, a sounding rocket payload is being developed. This paper will
discuss: (1) the scientific measurements that will be made by the SUMI sounding rocket program, (2) how the optics have been
optimized for simultaneous measurements of two magnetic lines CIV (1550Angstroms) and MgII (2800Angstroms), and (3)
the optical, reflectance, transmission and polarization measurements that have been made on the SUMI telescope mirrors and
polarimeter.
Author
Magnetometers; Solar Instruments; Ultraviolet Emission; Optical Equipment
55
20050010073 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
Undersampling Correction for Array Detector-Based Satellite Spectrometers
Chance, Kelly; Kurosu, Thomas P.; Sioris, Christopher E.; [2004]; 32 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-11677; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Array detector-based instruments are now fundamental to measurements of ozone and other atmospheric trace gases from
space in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. The present generation of such instruments suffers, to a greater or lesser degree,
from undersampling of the spectra, leading to difficulties in the analysis of atmospheric radiances. We provide extended
analysis of the undersampling suffered by modem satellite spectrometers, which include Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
(GOME), Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY), Ozone Monitoring
Instrument (OMI), and Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS). The analysis includes basic undersampling, the effects of
binning into separate detector pixels, and the application of high-resolution Fraunhofer spectral data to correct for
undersampling in many useful cases.
Author
Satellite Instruments; Spectrometers; Arrays; Detectors; Remote Sensing; Sampling
20050010119 Fermi National Accelerator Lab., Batavia, IL, USA, Kyungpook National Univ., Taegu, Korea, Republic of,
California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA, Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA, USA
CDF Time of Flight Detector
Cabrera, S.; Fernandez, J.; Gomez, G.; Jan. 2004; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-820608; FERMILAB-CONF-03/404-E; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
A new Time of Flight (TOF) detector based on scintillator bars with fine-mesh photomultipliers at both ends has been in
operation since 2001 in the CDF experiment. With a design resolution of 100 ps, the TOF can provide separation between
K(sup+-) and(pi)(sup+-) in p(bar p) collisions at the 2(omega) level for low momentum, which enhances b flavor tagging
capabilities. Because of its very fast response, the TOF is an excellent triggering device, and it is used to trigger on highly
ionizing particles, multiple minimum ionizing particles and cosmic rays. Particle identification is achieved by comparing the
time-of-flight of the particle measured by the TOF to the time expected for a given mass hypothesis. In order to obtain the
resolution necessary for particle ID, optimal calibrations are critical. This paper describes the TOF detector, its calibration
procedure, the achieved resolution, the long term operation performances and some of the first results from data analysis using
this detector.
NTIS
Scintillation Counters; Photomultiplier Tubes
20050010325 Army Test and Evaluation Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA
Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Blind Grid Scoring Record Number 183
Overbay, Larry, Author; Jul. 2004; 67 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-DTC-8-CO-160-UXO-021
Report No.(s): AD-A427956; ATC-8769; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
This scoring record documents the efforts of G-TEK Australia PTY Limited to detect and discriminate inert unexploded
ordnance (UXO) utilizing the APG standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Blind Grid. The scoring record was
coordinated Larry Overbay and by the Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Scoring Committee. Organizations
on the comtmttee include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program,
the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, the Institute for Defense Analysis, the U.S. Army
Environmental Center, and the U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Center.
DTIC
Ammunition; Ordnance; Scoring; Standardization
20050019168 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA
Phase III: Laboratory Investigation of Portable Instruments for Submarine Air Monitoring
Evans, Thomas W.; Werner, Julianne M.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.; Hammond, Mark H.; Oct. 2004; 35 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427871; NRL/MR/6110-04-8834; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Drager tubes are currently used to supplement the atmosphere analysis measurements made aboard U.S. Navy
submarines. The submarine fleet has requested that these tubes be replaced with a less labor intensive measurement system.
56
Due to recent developments in gas sensing instrumentation, it is possible to replace many of the existing detectors with
instruments that will incorporate more than one sensor at a time. This report is a continuation of an evaluation of portable
instruments for use in submarines as air monitors. This is the third phase of a three-phase program concerned with
investigating potential detection methods to replace the Drager tubes. Phase III evaluated sensors for nitrogen dioxide,
ammonia, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen, and ozone. The chlorine and ozone sensors did not have sufficient sensitivity to
detect the Navy 90-day limits. All of the manufacturers have ammonia sensors that can detect the 90-day limit. The Drager
ammonia was the best overall. The Omni nitrogen dioxide sensor was best overall for that test gas. The hydrogen sensors
performed well. The sulfur dioxide sensor is not satisfactory.
DTIC
Air Quality; Environmental Monitoring; Portable Equipment
36
LASERS AND MASERS
Includes lasing theory, laser pumping techniques, maser amplifiers, laser materials, and the assessment of laser and maser outputs.
For cases where the application of the laser or maser is emphasized see also the specific category where the application is treated. For
related information see also 76 Solid-State Physics.
20050010201 National Defense Univ., Washington, DC USA
Non-Lethal Weaponry: From Tactical to Strategic Applications
Herbert, Dennis B., Author; Jan. 1999; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427581; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Non-lethal weapons are evolving. To date they have been seen as applicable on the tactical level in military operations
other than war. The demand for them will increase and spread across the conflict spectrum. A new class of non-lethal
technology is also emerging that will have more direct applications on the operational and strategic levels. This evolution will
depend on research to ensure that these weapons comply with political, legal, and ethical considerations.
DTIC
Warfare
20050010241 JAYCOR, San Diego, CA USA
Using Laser Diode Instabilities for Chip-Scale Stable Frequency References
Simpson, T. B., Author; Doft, F., Author; Golding, W. M., Author; Sep. 2004; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-02-C-8018
Report No.(s): AD-A427780; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Semiconductor lasers are known to undergo significant changes in their output characteristics when subjected to external
optical perturbations such as near-resonant injection from an external source or optical feedback. Over a range of operating
conditions, the perturbations can induce a periodic pulsating output where the pulsation frequency can be controlled by the
bias point of the laser(s), and amplitude (and frequency offset) of the injection. The output optical spectrum can be adjusted
to be dominated by two strong frequency components with a controllable offset. Adding a weak microwave modulation to the
bias can lock the pulsation frequency to this reference. Such a spectrum is nearly ideal for the excitation of Coherent
Population Trapping (CPT) resonances of gas-phase atomic media such as cesium (Cs) and rubidium. We describe the double
locking of a laser diode to the CPT optical (852 nm) and microwave (9.2 GHz) resonances in Cs gas in a cell containing Cs
and a buffer gas. The microwave power required for the modulation reference is a small fraction of the dc-bias power, unlike
a directly modulated laser diode. The combination of all-optical excitation of the Cs gas and reduced microwave electronics
specifications is very useful for the fabrication of ultrasmall frequency references.
DTIC
Atomic Clocks; Chips; Frequencies; Semiconductor Lasers; Stability
20050010302 Boston Coll., Chestnut Hill, MA USA
Request for Funds for the Purchase of a Broadly Tunable Ti:Sapphire Laser for Research in High-Density Optical
Memory
Fourkas, John T., Author; May 2003; 5 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-02-1-0273
Report No.(s): AD-A427899; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0556; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
57
Funds amounting to $155,782 were used for the purchase of a Coherent 900-F tunable Ti:sapphire laser system with a
Verdi 10 pump laser in conjunction with matching funds from Boston College. The total cost of the laser system was $191,
500. The system was successfully installed during the project period and is currently being used to study how the efficiency
of data storage and retrieval depends on the wavelength of light employed. The objective of this project was to acquire a
broadly tunable Ti:sapphire laser system and associated optics for the spectroscopic study of optical data storage in molecular
glasses and highly cross linked polymer. The purpose of the broadly tunable laser system is to be able to vastly increase the
college’s capability for characterizing data storage materials. The only truly viable technique for analyzing the products is
performing in-situ spectroscopy on the product in femtoliter volumes. This requires a highly sensitive detection system, which
the college has, as well as the ability to tune the writing and readout laser sources. It is the latter capability that was provided
by the laser system purchased under this grant. The idea is to be able to map out the three-photon excitation spectrum of the
storage materials and to map out the two-photon excitation spectrum of the photoproduct. This will not only assist in the
spectroscopic determination of the identity of the product species, but also allow the college to optimize the storage and
readout processes. Now they can find the optimum wavelength for rapid data storage with three-photon excitation, or look for
a wavelength at which readout can be accomplished with two photons. The combination of the new laser system and the
existing one in the author’s laboratory provides the capability to write data at one wavelength and then read them immediately
at another. (3 figures)
DTIC
Excitation; Laser Spectroscopy; Optical Memory (Data Storage); Photonics; Sapphire; Spectrum Analysis; Tunable Lasers
20050010324 Army Research Lab., Fort Monmouth, NJ USA
Distributed Coherent RF Operations
Kosinski, John A., Author; Sep. 2004; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427955; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The concept of distributed coherent RF operations is presented as a driver of requirements for growth in PTTI capabilities,
and selected related disciplines such as navigation. The term distributed coherent RF operations is defined and classes of
military operations are identified. The precision required for various parameters and basic phenomenology of different types
of errors are discussed by way of simple examples. The capabilities widely available today via GPS are contrasted with those
required for distributed coherent RF operations in a fully Network-Centric military paradigm.
DTIC
Global Positioning System; Radio Frequencies
37
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Includes mechanical devices and equipment; machine elements and processes. For cases where the application of a device or the host
vehicle is emphasized see also the specific category where the application or vehicle is treated. For robotics see 63 Cybernetics,
Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics; and 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.
20050000001 Shell Research Ltd., Chester, UK
Effect of Fuel Cetane Quality on Light-Duty Diesel Performance
Williams, R. G.; Zemroch, P. J.; Wall, D. M.; Meredith, B.; Sep. 2004; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101240; AVFL-11; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This study was conducted as a screening analysis to determine if cetane number could have an impact on the performance
of advanced light-duty diesel vehicles. Diesel engines are being considered for expanded use in U.S. light-duty vehicles to
improve fuel efficiency. Currently, there are only a few diesel models in the U. S. fleet. The study was conducted using four
vehicles meeting Euro-3 or 4 emissions standards representing advanced engine and control technologies that may be used in
the future U.S. fleet. Eight test fuels were blended with cetane number ranging from 41 to 58 that broadly covers the U.S. and
European cetane range. The fuel set contained independent variation in natural and additized cetane. Aromatics and density
were well matched across the fuel set, but there was variability in viscosity and some spread in boiling range among the test
fuels. Testing covered a range of vehicle performance attributes where cetane impacts had been found in the past: start time,
idle quality, cold-start driveability, noise, vibration and smoke. Testing was conducted at three ambient temperatures, -10 deg
C, 0 deg C and +10 deg C. A climate-controlled chassis dynamometer was used. Driveability testing followed European
procedures. The driveability rating was supplemented with measurements of engine noise and vibration during cold idle after
58
start up and tailpipe smoke opacity throughout the test. No other tailpipe emissions were evaluated.
NTIS
Diesel Engines; Cetane; Fuels
20050000002 Chemonics International, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
Vehicle Emissions and Performance Testing Center Business Plan
Mar. 2004; 42 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101201; PN-ACY-046; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
;Table of Contents: Tables and Figures; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Background and Purpose; Business Development
Strategy; VEPTC Technical Capabilities; Staffing and Management; Potential Marketing for Services; Marketing Plan;
Financial Analysis; Detailed Plan and Timing; Conclusion and Appendix: Price Ceiling.
NTIS
Exhaust Gases; Exhaust Emission; Diesel Engines; Air Pollution
20050000036 Pennsylvania State Univ., State College, PA, USA
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Cooperative Enterprise
Fredley, Joseph E.; Lysak, Daniel B.; December 06, 2004; 55 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC5-506; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
The viability of a Capillary Heat Pump (CHP) concept using a Loop Heat Pipe evaporator and an eductor in a closed loop
to reject heat at a higher temperature than it is acquired at with the goal of reducing spacecraft radiator area is examined.
Eductor inefficiency resulting from the mixing of high velocity motive flow with low velocity suction flow may preclude
spacecraft radiator area savings. The utility of a CHP for thermal management may be limited to those missions where system
mass is of secondary concern compared to system reliability, or where a heat pump is required to accommodate relatively high
thermal rejection temperatures. Shearography techniques for nondestructive inspection and evaluation were examined for two
unique applications. Shearography is shown to give good results in evaluating the quality of bonds holding lead tiles to the
SWIFT spacecraft BAT gamma ray mask. Also, a novel technique was developed allowing specular objects to be inspected
using shearography to evaluate bonding between the skin and core of a specular surface honeycomb structure. Large-scale
bond failures are readily identified.
Author
Shearography; Heat Pumps; Capillary Pumped Loops; Nondestructive Tests; Spacecraft Radiators; Temperature Control
20050010138 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
A Robust and Engineerable Self-Assembling Protein Template for the Synthesis and Patterning of Ordered
Nanoparticle Arrays
McMillan, R. Andrew; Howard, Jeanie; Zaluzec, Nestor J.; Kagawa, Hiromi K.; Li, Yi-Fen; Paavola, Chad D.; Trent, Jonathan
D.; [2004]; 6 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): BESMSW-31-109Eng38; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Self-assembling biomolecules that form highly ordered structures have attracted interest as potential alternatives to
conventional lithographic processes for patterning materials. Here we introduce a general technique for patterning materials
on the nanoscale using genetically modified protein cage structures called chaperonins that self-assemble into crystalline
templates. Constrained chemical synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles is specific to templates genetically functionalized
with poly-Histidine sequences. These arrays of materials are ordered by the nanoscale structure of the crystallized protein. This
system may be easily adapted to pattern a variety of materials given the rapidly growing list of peptide sequences selected by
screening for specificity for inorganic materials.
Author
Proteins; Nanofabrication; Self Assembly; Protein Crystal Growth
20050010154 Texas Univ., Austin, TX, USA
Reduced Engine Friction and Wear
Matthews, R.; Jul. 08, 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-821853; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Progress was made on experimental and numerical subtasks during the second 6-month period of this project. One of the
experimental subtasks scheduled for completion during the first 6 months was delayed due to a delay in receiving the prototype
59
RLE face seal from the vendor. This component was acquired and testing was completed during the second 6 months. The
test results indicate that this face seal fulfills the engineering objectives. The other experimental subtask scheduled for
completion during the second 6-month period was final assembly of the prototype rotating liner engine. This subtask was
completed on schedule. No results from this subtask were scheduled for this reporting period. One numerical subtask,
development of the governing equations, was scheduled for completion during the first 6-month period but was completed
during the second 6 months. However, we expect to re-explore these as we learn more throughout the course of the project.
Two other numerical subtasks were scheduled to begin during the second 6 months: formulating the numerical equations
governing piston assembly friction and coding/testing the resulting model. These subtasks were not scheduled for completion
during this reporting period. Satisfactory progress was made.
NTIS
Friction; Prototypes; Pistons
39
STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
Includes structural element design, analysis and testing; dynamic responses of structures; weight analysis; fatigue and other structural
properties; and mechanical and thermal stresses in structures. For applications see 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance; and
18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.
20050000030 New York State Dept. of Transportation, Albany, NY, USA
Estimating Fatigue Life of Patroon Island Bridge Using Strain Measurements
Lund, R.; Alampalli, S.; Nov. 2004; 66 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101476; SR-142; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
The design fatigue life of a bridge component is based on the stress spectrum the component experiences and the fatigue
durability. Changes in traffic patterns, volume, and any degradation of structural components can influence the fatigue life of
the bridge. A fatigue life evaluation, reflecting the actual conditions, has value to bridge owners. This report presents a study
where the remaining fatigue life of the Patroon Island Bridge, which carries Interstate 90 over the Hudson River, was estimated
as part of a structural integrity evaluation and a larger evaluation of the entire interchange. The Patroon Island Bridge consists
of ten spans. Seven spans are considered the main spans and consist of steel trusses and concrete decks. The other three spans
are considered approach spans and consist of plate girders. The overall bridge length is 1,795 feet. Procedures outlined in the
AASHTO Guide Specifications for Fatigue Evaluation of Existing Steel Bridges and strain data from critical structural
members were used to estimate the remaining fatigue life of selected bridge components. The results indicate that most of the
identified critical details have an infinite remaining safe fatigue life and others have a substantial fatigue life, however the
remaining fatigue life has not been determined for damaged and cracked members.
NTIS
Fatigue Life; Strain Measurement; Structural Design; Structural Failure
20050010116 Missouri Univ., Rolla, MO, USA
Acquisition of Integrated Testing System for Civil Construction Materials and Structures. Phase I and II
Chandrashekhara, K.; Jun. 2004; 8 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101803; UTC RE-115; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
An interdisciplinary team of faculty members has been formed to acquire an Impact Testing Machine. The machine will
be useful for both low velocity and high velocity impacts. The maximum physical drop height is up to 1.25 m and can simulate
drop height of 20.4 m. The package includes composite test fixture, tup extender, hemispherical tup insert, and software
training.
NTIS
Impact Testing Machines; Systems Integration
20050010369 Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., MA USA
Hose Elements for Buoy Moorings: Design, Fabrication and Mechanical Properties
Paul, Walter, Author; Jul. 2004; 20 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-96-1-0346
Report No.(s): AD-A428108; WHOI-2004-06; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This report describes the design of tire cord reinforced rubber hoses, which have found an application as mooring hoses
60
for buoy systems. These hoses stand out due to their ruggedness and ability to significantly stretch under load. The ruggedness
is achieved through a steam curing = vulcanization process of the completed hose, generating a similar toughness of the hoses
like automobile tires. Elastic stretch ranges can be designed from 30 to 130 percent through variation of the arrangement of
the load carrying tire cord layers in the hose body. The hoses can also be furnished with electrical conductors and possibly
optical light-guides as part of the hose wall. This technical report describes the design, fabrication, and mechanical properties
of the mooring hoses to allow engineers to custom develop hoses with tailored mechanical properties.
DTIC
Buoys; Fabrication; Hoses; Mechanical Properties; Mooring; Rubber
43
EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
Includes remote sensing of earth features, phenomena and resources by aircraft, balloon, rocket, and spacecraft; analysis of remote
sensing data and imagery; development of remote sensing products; photogrammetry; and aerial photography. For related
instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photography.
20050000116 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
How Consistent are Recent Variations in the Tropical Energy and Water Cycle Resolved by Satellite Measurements?
Robertson, F. R.; Lu, H.-I.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; IGWCO/GEWEX/UNESCO Workshop on Trends in Global Water
Cycle Variables, 3-5 Nov. 2004, Paris, France; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
One notable aspect of Earth’s climate is that although the planet appears to be very close to radiative balance at
top-of-atmosphere (TOA), the atmosphere itself and underlying surface are not. Profound exchanges of energy between the
atmosphere and oceans, land and cryosphere occur over a range of time scales. Recent evidence from broadband satellite
measurements suggests that even these TOA fluxes contain some detectable variations. Our ability to measure and reconstruct
radiative fluxes at the surface and at the top of atmosphere is improving rapidly. One question is ‘How consistent, physically,
are these diverse remotely-sensed data sets’? The answer is of crucial importance to understanding climate processes,
improving physical models, and improving remote sensing algorithms. In this work we will evaluate two recently released
estimates of radiative fluxes, focusing primarily on surface estimates. The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
‘FD’ radiative flux profiles are available from mid-1983 to near present and have been constructed by driving the radiative
transfer physics from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) global model with ISCCP clouds and TOVS (TIROS
Operational Vertical Sounder)thermodynamic profiles. Full and clear sky SW and LW fluxes are produced. A similar product
from the NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget Project using different radiative flux codes and thermodynamics from the
NASA/Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-1) assimilation model makes a similar calculation of surface fluxes.
However this data set currently extends only through 1995. We also employ precipitation measurements from the Global
Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Finally, ocean evaporation
estimates from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are considered as well as derived evaporation from the
NCAR/NCEP Reanalysis. Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.
Author (revised)
Tropical Meteorology; Hydrological Cycle; Earth Radiation Budget
20050010340 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA
Inspections of Previously Monitored Rubble-Mound Coastal Structures
Bottin, Robert R., Jr., Author; Tolliver, Larry R., Author; Myrick, Glenn B., Author; Sep. 2004; 54 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427989; ERDC/CHL-TR-04-11; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
This report presents results of inspections of rubble-mound coastal structures monitored previously under the Monitoring
Completed Navigation Projects (MCNP) Program. Expedient, low-cost walking inspections were performed at 11 sites.
Positions of breakwater and jetty armor units were compared with their positions in previous aerial photography and
photogrammetric surveys. Settlement of portions of the structures as well as voids in their armor cover also was noted, and
photographs of the structures were obtained. Summaries of inspection results as well as recommendations are presented in this
report. The work was conducted under the ‘Periodic Inspections’ work unit of the MCNP program
DTIC
Aerial Photography; Breakwaters; Coasts; Inspection
61
44
ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
Includes specific energy conversion systems, e.g., fuel cells; and solar, geothermal, windpower, and waterwave conversion systems;
energy storage; and traditional power generators. For technologies related to nuclear energy production see 73 Nuclear Physics. For
related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; and 28 Propellants and Fuels.
20050000022 Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
Analysis of HMG Policies and Regulations Affecting Electrical Vehicles
Jul. 2003; 48 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101696; PN-ACW-354; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Pollution control, including air pollution through vehicular emission, has been a government priority at the policy level
since 1992. Government strategies and action programs in subsequent plans and policy documents, however, have been very
broad and limited mostly to formulation and implementation of vehicular emission standards particularly in the Kathmandu
valley. Despite frequent attempts at framing environmental policies, strategies, and action programs, Nepal is yet to come up
with a long-term national policy related to the control of vehicular air pollution. The regrettable situation today is that
accumulated efforts over the years in this sector has only resulted in a build up of paper work with hardly any of the policy
strategies, action plans and programs designed so far actually being translated into action.
NTIS
Air Pollution; Exhaust Emission; Exhaust Gases; Pollution Control
20050001359 Porto Univ., Portugal
Assessment Of Spillage Of Large-Scale Hydropower Plant Undertaking Spinning Reserve
Zhao, Mai-Huan; Huang, Qiang; Xu, Chen-Guang; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 60; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Since the large-scale hydropower plant must undertake the spinning reserve of power system, a small amount of out-flow
water does not generate electricity. In order to increase water use efficiency, it is necessary to calculate the spillage owing to
improper dispatch. Therefore, the optimal operation of hydroelectric systems should be obligated with the undertaking
spinning reserve. A calculation method of the spillage owing to improper dispatch for large-scale is discussed. And this method
is used to calculate the spillage owing to improper dispatch of Longyangxia hydropower plant in 2001. The spillage owing
to improper dispatch is remarkable, which could be saved by proper dispatch.
Author
Hydroelectricity; Spilling; Water; Releasing; Dams
20050010291 Hanyang Univ., Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Optimal Design of Hybrid Composite Flywheel Rotor Phase II
Ha, Sung Kyu, Author; Kim, Dong-Jin, Author; Yoon, Young-Bok, Author; Ha, Eun-Ju, Author; Apr. 2003; 55 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F62562-01-P-M014
Report No.(s): AD-A427873; AOARD-014026; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
This report summarizes three related efforts on optimization of composite flywheel rotors: 1) The effects of angles of
filament winding on residual strains. These strains strongly affect mechanical performance. 2) The effects of rotor size and
matrix epoxy system on residual strains and use of hybrid designs to optimize performance. 3) Development of a
stress-analysis module and a software package to optimize flywheel-rotor design.
DTIC
Composite Materials; Flywheels; Hybrid Composites; Rotors
45
ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
Includes atmospheric, water, soil, noise, and thermal pollution.
20050000014 California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA
Development of Online Instrumentation and Techniques to Detect and Measure Particulates
Wu, S.; Palm, S.; Tang, Y.; Goddard, W. A.; Oct. 31, 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822369; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
62
In the fourth quarter of the project, we fixed the interference problem of linear CCD array when collecting elastic
scattering signal from laser sources. We collected scattering signal of standard samples and also on a wax formation liquid.
The results are compared to theoretical results and demonstrate the clear advantages of such technique v. s. traditional
scattering instrument with enclosures or just transmission type of spectrometers.
NTIS
Particulates; Instruments
20050000015 Texas Univ., Austin, TX, USA
CO2 Capture by Absorption with Potassium Carbonate
Rochelle, G. T.; Chen, E.; Cullinane, J. T.; Hilliard, M.; Oyenekan, B.; Jul. 28, 2003; 56 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822319; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO2 capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing
an alternative solvent, aqueous K2CO3 promoted by piperazine. A rigorous thermodynamic model has been further developed
with a stand-alone FORTRAN code to represent the CO2 vapor pressure and speciation of the new solvent. Gas
chromatography has been used to measure the oxidative degradation of piperazine. The heat exchangers for the pilot plant have
been received. The modifications are on schedule for start-up in November 2003.
NTIS
Air Pollution; Carbon Dioxide; Thermodynamics
20050000016 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA
Dynamic Compaction Facility Test Report
McMullin, S. R.; Dendler, S. A.; Mar. 1994; 238 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-766655; WSRC-TR-94-0159; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The primary objective for the Dynamic Compaction Facility (DCF) test was to determine if dynamic compaction of buried
low-level waste trenches would cause damage or failure to the adjacent Mixed Waste Management Facility (MWMF) closure
system. A second objective was to quantify the success of dynamic compaction in consolidated buried B-25 boxes containing
low-level waste.
NTIS
Compacting; Dynamic Tests
20050000020 Chemonics International, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
Compressed Natural Gas versus Diesel, Results of Vehicle Testing at MISR Lab
Mar. 2004; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101698; PN-ACX-796; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The Cairo Air Improvement Project (CAIP) is funded by the USA Agency for International Development (USAID) and
implemented in partnership with the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) and the Ministry of Petroleum (MOP).
Its goal is to develop and implement measures to reduce air pollutants that have the most serious impact on human health in
Greater Cairo. The prime contractor, Chemonics International, provided the technical expertise, project management, training,
and equipment procurement in support of the GOE in its environmental objectives. The Government of Egypt (GOE) and
USAID have been working together to reduce harmful emissions from diesel-fueled buses, especially particulate matter (PM),
through the introduction of a compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled Pilot Bus Fleet program. This report compares PM
emissions produced by CNG and diesel-fueled buses and explores the impact of a program implemented for inspection and
maintenance of diesel transit buses (IMTB).
NTIS
Air Pollution; Compressed Gas; Diesel Engines
20050000021 Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
Health Impacts of Kathmandu’s Air Pollution
Sep. 2003; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101697; PN-ACW-355; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Many international studies have shown that there are serious health risks associated with air pollution. According to the
World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is responsible for increases in outpatient visits due to respiratory and
cardiovascular diseases, hospital admissions and mortality. WHO estimates that globally about 3 million people die each year
63
due to air pollution out of which 800,000 premature deaths result from out door air pollution. These figures indicate that
Kathmandu’s air quality is also likely to have serious public health implications. This study aims to compile and analyze
available information on the health effects of Kathmandu’s air pollution to support decision-makers as well as the public in
understanding the relationship between pollution and health.
NTIS
Air Pollution; Air Quality; Cardiovascular System
20050000029 Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
Acid Rain Program
Sep. 2004; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101590; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Acid Rain Program Progress Report is published annually by EPA to update the public on compliance with the Acid
Rain Program, the status of implementation, and progress toward achieving environmental goals. The Acid Rain Program 2003
Progress Report updates data reported in previous years, Specifically: SO2 emissions, allowance market information, and
program compliance; NOX emissions and program compliance; and Status and trends in acid deposition, air quality, and
ecological effects Detailed unit-level emissions data are available on EPA’s Clean Air Markets website.
NTIS
Acid Rain; Air Quality
20050000031 Eastern Research Group, Inc., Morrisville, NC
Gulfwide Emission Inventory Study for the Regional Haze and Ozone Modeling Efforts
Wilson, D.; Fanjoy, J.; Billings, R.; Oct. 2004; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101462; DIMMS-2004-072; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Measurements of ozone concentrations in onshore areas of Texas and Louisiana periodically exceed the national standard
for one-hour ozone in non-attainment areas, with some observations nearly three times the national standard. Shoreline and
inland locations in Texas and Louisiana could potentially be influenced by emission sources in the Gulf of Mexico. The
Minerals Management Service (MMS) is responsible for determining if air pollutant emissions from Outer Continental Shelf
(OCS) oil and natural gas platforms and other sources in the Gulf of Mexico influence the ozone attainment and nonattainment
status of onshore areas. Ozone forms in the presence of sunlight from the reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and
oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA Title VIII, Sec 801(b)) specifically mandate that
MMS conduct a research study to assess the potential for onshore impacts of certain types of air pollutant emissions from
offshore oil and gas exploration, development, and production in regions of the Gulf of Mexico. This mandate grew out of
concerns regarding the cumulative onshore impacts of air pollutant emissions from more than 3,000 offshore facilities in the
central and western Gulf of Mexico. MMS launched a series of studies, beginning in the 1980s, to assess the emissions of
offshore oil and gas platforms and their associated emissions. The overall goal of the study was to assess, through computer
simulation modeling, the effects that OCS development has on ozone concentrations in the onshore areas of Texas and
Louisiana that are designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as nonattainment for one-hour average
ozone. The study covered many types of offshore emission sources, focusing on oil and gas production platform emissions.
NTIS
Air Pollution; Air Quality; Computerized Simulation
20050000033 Eastern Research Group, Inc., Morrisville, NC
Data Quality Control and Emissions Inventories of OCS Oil and Gas Production Activities in the Breton Area of the
Gulf of Mexico
Billings, R.; Wilson, D.; Oct. 2004; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101461; DIMMS-2004-071; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Minerals Management Service (MMS) is responsible for assessing the potential impacts of air pollutant emissions
from offshore oil and gas exploration, development, and production sources in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). This
responsibility is driven by the OCS Lands Act, which directs MMS to regulate OCS emission sources to assure that they do
not significantly affect onshore air quality. The Breton National Wilderness Area (BNWA), part of the Breton National Wildlife
Refuge, is classified as a Class I area under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD) regulations. The BNWA is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Under the Clean Air Act, air
quality degradation is limited in Class I areas by establishing stringent ‘increment’ limits for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur
64
dioxide (SO2). These increments are the maximum increases in ambient pollutant concentrations allowed over baseline
concentrations. The Minerals Management Service (MMS) is responsible for determining if air pollutant concentrations of
NOx and SO2 have changed over time in the Gulf of Mexico in the vicinity of the BNWA due to emissions from oil and natural
gas production sources. In response to this mandate, MMS has developed an overall strategy to deal with Outer Continental
Shelf (OCS) oil and gas production activities that could affect the BNWA. This includes developing inventories of platform
emissions, conducting air quality monitoring activities, and establishing a review process for new plans that includes close
coordination with the Fish and Wildlife Service. Currently there are three studies which will provide the MMS with databases
describing the OCS oil and gas production emissions during four periods. The periods cover all of the years 1977, 1988, and
2000; and this study, which covers 12 consecutive months from September 1, 2000 to August 31, 2001.
NTIS
Continental Shelves; Exhaust Emission; Exhaust Gases; Gulf of Mexico; Inventories; Quality Control
20050010080 National Network for Environmental Management Studies, Washington, DC, USA
Discussion of Asbestos Detection Techniques for Air and Soil
Perry, A.; Aug. 2004; 44 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101644; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Asbestos is a toxic mineral known to produce debilitating health effects in humans. Because of its toxicity, it is necessary
to have effective techniques and methods to detect and quantify asbestos in the environment. In the case of the Superfund
Program, which is administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), effective detection techniques and
methods are needed to aid in the discovery of contaminated sites, assess the severity of contamination, and to determine if
cleanup efforts have been successful. Over the years, a number of techniques and methods have been developed for asbestos,
but there is no clearly superior technique or method. Each technique or method has its own strengths and weaknesses, and
these strengths and weaknesses must be carefully weighed to determine how to best detect asbestos under a given
circumstance.
NTIS
Asbestos; Detection; Toxicity
20050010090 Econergy, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
Credit Trading and Power: Issues and Opportunities
Rackstraw, K.; Palmisano, J.; May 2002; 88 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822442; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Trading of emissions credits, allowances, and quotas is becoming widely recognized as an effective means of lowering
the cost of achieving air pollution control objectives, but the use of credit trading is spreading far beyond emissions trading.
Credits are now being developed to convey or represent the environmental and other benefits that flow from the use of
renewable energy. This report focuses on credits that are derived from wind energy technology, but the same concepts also
apply to other renewable energy technologies. Credit trading, which can be applied to a wide variety of policies, programs,
and private market activities, represents a means of tapping into revenue streams that traditionally have largely excluded wind
and other renewables. In addition, credit trading can help to create new revenue streams for wind and other renewables by
helping to establish new markets.
NTIS
Energy Technology; Renewable Energy; Air Pollution
20050010096 ADA Environmental Solutions, LLC, Littleton, CO, USA
Advanced Flue Gas Conditioning as a Retrofit Upgrade to Enhance PM Collection from Coal-Fired Electric Utility
Boilers
Baldrey, K. E.; Jul. 30, 2003; 18 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-824878; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The U.S. Department of Energy and ADA Environmental Solutions are engaged in a project to develop commercial flue
gas conditioning additives. The objective is to develop conditioning agents that can help improve particulate control
performance of smaller or under-sized electrostatic precipitators on utility coal-fired boilers. The new chemicals will be used
to control both the electrical resistivity and the adhesion or cohesivity of the fly ash. There is a need to provide cost-effective
65
and safer alternatives to traditional flue gas conditioning with SO(sub 3) and ammonia.
NTIS
Boilers; Flue Gases; Electrical Resistivity
20050010098 Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, USA
Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership
Capalbo, S. M.; 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822699; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Big Sky Partnership, led by Montana State University, is comprised of research institutions, public entities and private
sectors organizations, and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and the Nez Perce Tribe. Efforts during the first
performance period fall into four areas: evaluation of sources and carbon sequestration sinks; development of GIS-based
reporting framework; designing an integrated suite of monitoring, measuring, and verification technologies; and initiating a
comprehensive education and outreach program. At the first Partnership meeting the groundwork was put in place to provide
an assessment of capture and storage capabilities for CO2 utilizing the resources found in the Partnership region (both
geological and terrestrial sinks), that would complement the ongoing DOE research. The region has a diverse array of
geological formations that could provide storage options for carbon in one or more of its three states.
NTIS
Carbon Dioxide; Carbon; Organizations
20050010114 Kentucky Univ., Lexington, KY, USA
Carbon Sequestration Surface Mine Lands
Graves, D. H.; Barton, C.; Sweigard, R.; Warner, R.; Jul. 24, 2003; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822317; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Over 160 acres of tree seedlings were planted during the last quarter. This quarter marked the beginning of the installation
of new instrumentation and the inspection and calibration of previously installed recording devices. Sampling systems were
initiated to quantify initial seedling success as well as height measurements. Nursery seedlings have been inoculated to
produce mycorrhizal treated stock for 2004 spring plantings to determine the effects on carbon sequestration. All planting areas
in western Kentucky have been sampled with the recording cone penetrometer and the nuclear density gauge to measure soil
density.
NTIS
Seedlings (Botany); Planting; Carbon
20050010120 California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA
Development of On-Line Instrumentation and Techniques to Detect and Measure Particulates
Wu, S.; Palm, S.; Tang, Y.; 2004; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-820569; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
In the second quarter of the project, we built the liquid aerosol generator and characterized it. We also constructed and
perfected light sources and detection systems. We also designed programs to simulate spherical particle MIE scattering for
different wavelengths.
NTIS
On-Line Systems; Particulates; Aerosols; Pollution Monitoring
20050010132 Chemonics International, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
Contamination Assessment of the Awadallah Secondary Lead Smelter at Shoubra el Kheima
May 2003; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101700; PN-ACX-798; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Government of Egypt (GOE) through the Egyptian environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) has developed a
comprehensive plan for lead abatement in Cairo. The EEAA Lead Exposure Abatement Plan (LEAP) addresses all sources,
exposure pathways and remedial actions associated with lead pollution in the Greater Cairo Area. As part of this plan,
secondary lead smelters that are located in densely populated areas have come under increased scrutiny. The GOE developed
the Lead Smelter Action Plan (LSAP) to reduce the impact of these lead smelters on the environment. As part of the LSAP,
the Cairo Air Improvement Project (CAIP) and Egyptian Environmental Policy Project (EEPP) are currently working with the
Awadallah family’s company, a major lead producer in Cairo, to consolidate its operations and move them to a new, more
66
modern plant site located at the Abu Zaabal Industrial part. This move will leave in its wake the existing structures which have
become highly contaminated with lead dust. The following presents a brief overview of background information for the
Smelter including existing site conditions and the findings and conclusions of the ‘Preliminary Assessment.’ In addition, the
methodologies, results, and conclusions are presented for the Remedial Investigation to date.
NTIS
Contamination; Lead (Metal); Environment Management
20050010142 Chemonics International, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
IMTB Program Summary Report
Feb. 2004; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101699; PN-ACX-797; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Cairo Air Improvement Project (CAIP) is funded by the USA Agency for International Development (USAID). The
project’s goal is to initiate and implement measures to reduce air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) that have the most
serious impacts on human health in Greater Cairo. There are more than 4,000 public transit buses in service in Greater Cairo.
Almost all of them are powered by diesel engines and are major contributors to PM emissions. A plan is in effect to convert
diesel-powered vehicles to compressed natural gas (CNG) with special attention being given to transit buses. This report
describes the implementation of the Inspection/Maintenance for Transit Buses (IMTB) program at the bus companies in Cairo
and presents the findings with recommendations for future activities.
NTIS
Hazardous Wastes; Pert; Natural Gas; Compressed Gas
20050010155 California State Univ., Sacramento, CA, USA
Calcium Carbonate Production by Coccolithophorid Algae in Long Term, Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
Fabry, V. J.; Mar. 31, 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-821485; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Predictions of increasing levels of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO(sub 2)) and the specter of global warming have
intensified research efforts to identify ways to sequester carbon. A number of novel avenues of research are being considered,
including bioprocessing methods to promote and accelerate biosequestration of CO(sub 2) from the environment through the
growth of organisms such as coccolithophorids, which are capable of sequestering CO(sub 2) relatively permanently. Calcium
and magnesium carbonates are currently the only proven, long-term storage reservoirs for carbon. Whereas organic carbon is
readily oxidized and releases CO(sub 2) through microbial decomposition on land and in the sea, carbonates can sequester
carbon over geologic time scales. This proposal investigates the use of coccolithophorids--single-celled, marine algae that are
the major global producers of calcium carbonate--to sequester CO(sub 2) emissions from power plants. Cultivation of
coccolithophorids for calcium carbonate (CaCO(sub 3)) precipitation is environmentally benign and results in a stable product
with potential commercial value. Because this method of carbon sequestration does not impact natural ecosystem dynamics,
it avoids controversial issues of public acceptability and legality associated with other options such as direct injection of
CO(sub 2) into the sea and ocean fertilization. Consequently, cultivation of coccolithophorids could be carried out immediately
and the amount of carbon sequestered as CaCO(sub 3) could be readily quantified. The significant advantages of this approach
warrant its serious investigation. The major goals of the proposed research are to identify the growth conditions that will result
in the maximum amount of CO(sub 2) sequestration through coccolithophorid calcite production and to evaluate the
costs/benefits of using coccolithophorid cultivation ponds to abate CO(sub 2) emissions from power plants.
NTIS
Algae; Carbon Dioxide; Calcium Carbonates; Ecosystems
20050010156 Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA
Coal Particle Flow Patterns for O(sub 2) Enriched, Low NO(sub x) Burners
Curtis, J. S.; 2004; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-820874; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The year-end report summarizes the results of the series of experiments conducted to evaluate the effects of oxygen partial
pressure on coal combustion. Specifically, the effects of oxygen partial pressure in the transport air stream on flame stability,
flame standoff distance and overall NOx emissions were examined.
NTIS
Flow Distribution; Pressure Effects; Partial Pressure
67
20050010157 California State Univ., Sacramento, CA, USA
Calcium Carbonate Production by Coccolithophorid Algae in Long Term, Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
Fabry, V. J.; Sep. 30, 2002; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-821482; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Predictions of increasing levels of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO(sub 2)) and the specter of global warming have
intensified research efforts to identify ways to sequester carbon. A number of novel avenues of research are being considered,
including bioprocessing methods to promote and accelerate biosequestration of CO(sub 2) from the environment through the
growth of organisms such as coccolithophorids, which are capable of sequestering CO(sub 2) relatively permanently. Calcium
and magnesium carbonates are currently the only proven, long-term storage reservoirs for carbon. Whereas organic carbon is
readily oxidized and releases CO(sub 2) through microbial decomposition on land and in the sea, carbonates can sequester
carbon over geologic time scales. This proposal investigates the use of coccolithophorids--single-celled, marine algae that are
the major global producers of calcium carbonate--to sequester CO(sub 2) emissions from power plants. Cultivation of
coccolithophorids for calcium carbonate (CaCO(sub 3)) precipitation is environmentally benign and results in a stable product
with potential commercial value. Because this method of carbon sequestration does not impact natural ecosystem dynamics,
it avoids controversial issues of public acceptability and legality associated with other options such as direct injection of
CO(sub 2) into the sea and ocean fertilization. Consequently, cultivation of coccolithophorids could be carried out immediately
and the amount of carbon sequestered as CaCO(sub 3) could be readily quantified. The significant advantages of this approach
warrant its serious investigation. The major goals of the proposed research are to identify the growth conditions that will result
in the maximum amount of CO(sub 2) sequestration through coccolithophorid calcite production and to evaluate the
costs/benefits of using coccolithophorid cultivation ponds to abate CO(sub 2) emissions from power plants.
NTIS
Algae; Carbon Dioxide; Calcium Carbonates; Ecosystems
20050010160 Kansas Univ., Lawrence, KS, USA
Midcontinent Interactive Digital Carbon Atlas and Relational Database (MIDCARB)
Carr, T. R.; White, S. W.; 2002; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-821472; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This annual report describes progress in the second year of the three-year project entitled ‘Midcontinent Interactive
Digital Carbon Atlas and Relational Database (MIDCARB)’. This project, funded by the Department of Energy, is a
cooperative project that assembles a consortium of five states (Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky and Ohio) to construct an
online distributed Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) covering
aspects of carbon dioxide geologic sequestration. The system links the five states in the consortium into a coordinated regional
database system consisting of datasets useful to industry, regulators and the public. The project is providing advanced
distributed computing solutions to link database servers across the five states into a single system where data is maintained
at the local level but is accessed through a single Web portal and can be queried, assembled, analyzed and displayed. Each
individual state has strengths in data gathering, data manipulation and data display, including GIS mapping, custom
application development, web development, and database design. Sharing of expertise provides the critical mass of technical
expertise to improve CO(sub 2) databases and data access in all states. This project improves the flow of data across servers
in the five states and increases the amount and quality of available digital data.
NTIS
Carbon Dioxide; Geographic Information Systems; Data Base Management Systems
20050010162 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA
Near-Surface Monitoring Strategies for Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Verification
Oldenburg, C. M.; Lewicki, J. L.; Hepple, R. P.; Oct. 30, 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-821044; LBNL-54089; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Geologic carbon sequestration is the capture of anthropogenic CO2, typically separated from industrial and power-plant
flue gases, and its storage in deep underground formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs and deep brine-filled
formations. The purpose of geologic carbon sequestration is to reduce net atmospheric emissions of CO2 to mitigate potential
climate change associated with the role of CO2 as a greenhouse gas. In order to ensure that geologic CO2 storage is effective,
monitoring of CO2 storage sites will have to be carried out to verify that CO2 is not leaking from the intended storage site,
migrating to the near-surface environment, and seeping out of the ground. The purpose of this report is to discuss CO2 storage
verification by monitoring and analysis of the near-surface environment. To this end, we (1) present a discussion of the
properties of CO2 and implications for CO2 transport in the near-surface region, (2) summarize model simulations of CO2
68
leakage and seepage that establish some fundamental features of the process, (3) present a summary of processes that affect
natural background CO2 fluxes and concentrations within which the LOSS will have to be discerned, (4) present a summary
of instrumentation that is currently available or potentially available in the future to monitor CO2 leakage and seepage in the
near-surface environment, and (5) discuss potential strategies and approaches that use existing instrumentation to discern CO2
LOSS from the naturally varying background fluxes and concentrations associated with the carbon cycle.
NTIS
Carbon Dioxide Concentration; Flue Gases; Thermal Radiation; Climate Change
20050010164 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA
Factors Affecting the Concentration of Outdoor Particles Indoors (COPI): Identification of Data Needs and Existing
Data
Thatcher, T. L.; McKone, T. E.; Fisk, W. J.; Sohn, M. D.; Delp, W. W.; Dec. 2001; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-820780; LBNL-49321; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The process of characterizing human exposure to particulate matter requires information on both particle concentrations
in microenvironments and the timespecific activity budgets of individuals among these microenvironments. Because the
average amount of time spent indoors by individuals in the US is estimated to be greater than 75%, accurate characterization
of particle concentrations indoors is critical to exposure assessments for the US population. In addition, it is estimated that
indoor particle concentrations depend strongly on outdoor concentrations. The spatial and temporal variations of indoor
particle concentrations as well as the factors that affect these variations are important to health scientists. For them, knowledge
of the factors that control the relationship of indoor particle concentrations to outdoor levels is particularly important. In this
report, we identify and evaluate sources of data for those factors that affect the transport to and concentration of outdoor
particles in the indoor environment. Concentrations of particles indoors depend upon the fraction of outdoor particles that
penetrate through the building shell or are transported via the air handling (HVAC) system, the generation of particles by
indoor sources, and the loss mechanisms that occur indoors, such as deposition. To address these issues, we (1) identify and
assemble relevant information including the behavior of particles during air leakage, HVAC operations, and particle filtration;
(2) review and evaluate the assembled information to distinguish data that are directly relevant to specific estimates of particle
transport from those that are only indirectly useful and (3) provide a synthesis of the currently available information on
building air-leakage parameters and their effect on indoor particle matter concentrations.
NTIS
Exposure; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution; Atmospheric Effects
20050019340 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Ozone Profiles and Tropospheric Ozone from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
Liu, X.; Chance, K.; Sioris, C. E.; Sparr, R. J. D.; Kuregm, T. P.; Martin, R. V.; Newchurch, M. J.; Bhartia, P. K.; [2003]; 6 pp.;
In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-11677; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Ozone profiles are derived from backscattered radiances in the ultraviolet spectra (290-340 nm) measured by the
nadir-viewing Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment using optimal estimation. Tropospheric O3 is directly retrieved with the
tropopause as one of the retrieval levels. To optimize the retrieval and improve the fitting precision needed for tropospheric
O3, we perform extensive wavelength and radiometric calibrations and improve forward model inputs. Retrieved O3 profiles
and tropospheric O3 agree well with coincident ozonesonde measurements, and the integrated total O3 agrees very well with
Earth Probe TOMS and Dobson/Brewer total O3. The global distribution of tropospheric O3 clearly shows the influences of
biomass burning, convection, and air pollution, and is generally consistent with our current understanding.
Author
Atmospheric Composition; Ozone; Troposphere; Algorithms
20050019438 Advanced Engineering Associates International, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
Feasibility Study for the Modernization of TP1 and TP2 Baneasa Heating Plants, Bucharest, Romania
Jan. 2003; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101202; PN-ADA-659; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This EcoLinks project is a Best Practice because it successfully demonstrated a solution for reducing greenhouse gas
emissions and generating reliable and cost effective energy by replacing old heat-only boiler plants with small-scale, combined
heat and power plants (CHPs) in a large, district heating utility in Romania. Based on the research and analysis of several
69
alternatives, a practical locally feasible solution resulting in both economic and environmental benefits was selected. This
integrative methodology, involving a feasibility study a sound financial strategy, is transferable to other similar utilities seeking
to improve energy efficiency and availability and service quality; and to reduce heat and power costs and greenhouse gas
emissions. Moreover, data gathered from surveying residential clients’ attitudes toward heat savings and related investments
in their apartments and collective buildings provided an important information base that could also benefit other utility
companies seeking to improve the quality and reliability of their services.
NTIS
Exhaust Gases; Energy Conservation; Exhaust Emission
20050019439
Allison Unit CO(2)-ECBM Pilot: A Reservoir Modeling Study
Reeves, S.; Taillefert, A.; Pekot, L.; Feb. 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-825083; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
In October, 2000, the USA Department of Energy, through contractor Advanced Resources International (ARI), launched
a multi-year government-industry research & development collaboration called the Coal-Seq project. The Coal-Seq project is
investigating the feasibility of carbon dioxide (CO(sub 2)) sequestration in deep, unmineable coalseams by performing
detailed reservoir studies of two enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery field projects in the San Juan basin. The two
sites are the Allison Unit, operated by Burlington Resources, and into which CO(sub 2) is being injected, and the Tiffany Unit,
operating by BP America, into which nitrogen (N(sub 2)) is being injected (the interest in understanding the N(sub 2)-ECBM
process has important implications for CO(sub 2) sequestration via flue-gas injection). The purposes of the field studies are
to understand the reservoir mechanisms of CO(sub 2) and N(sub 2) injection into coalseams, demonstrate the practical
effectiveness of the ECBM and sequestration processes, demonstrate an engineering capability to model them, and to evaluate
sequestration economics.
NTIS
Carbon Dioxide; Methane; Minerals
46
GEOPHYSICS
Includes Earth structure and dynamics, aeronomy; upper and lower atmosphere studies; ionospheric and magnetospheric physics; and
geomagnetism. For related information see 47 Meteorology and Climatology; and 93 Space Radiation.
20050010079 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Earth’s Early Biosphere and the Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle
DesMarais, David; October 07, 2004; 1 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 390-30-1D; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Our biosphere has altered the global environment principally by influencing the chemistry of those elements most
important for life, e g., C, N, S, O, P and transition metals (e.g., Fe and Mn). The coupling of oxygenic photosynthesis with
the burial in sediments of photosynthetic organic matter, and with the escape of H2 to space, has increased the state of
oxidation of the Oceans and atmosphere. It has also created highly reduced conditions within sedimentary rocks that have also
extensively affected the geochemistry of several elements. The decline of volcanism during Earth’s history reduced the flow
of reduced chemical species that reacted with photosynthetically produced O2. The long-term net accumulation of
photosynthetic O2 via biogeochemical processes has profoundly influenced our atmosphere and biosphere, as evidenced by
the O2 levels required for algae, multicellular life and certain modem aerobic bacteria to exist. When our biosphere developed
photosynthesis, it tapped into an energy resource that was much larger than the energy available from oxidation-reduction
reactions associated with weathering and hydrothermal activity. Today, hydrothermal sources deliver globally (0.131.1)x10(exp l2) mol yr(sup -1) of reduced S, Fe(2+), Mn(2+), H2 and CH4; this is estimated to sustain at most about
(0.2-2)xl0(exp 12)mol C yr(sup -1) of organic carbon production by chemautotrophic microorganisms. In contrast, global
photosynthetic productivity is estimated to be 9000x10(exp 12) mol C yr(sup -1). Thus, even though global thermal fluxes
were greater in the distant geologic past than today, the onset of oxygenic photosynthesis probably increased global organic
productivity by some two or more orders of magnitude. This enormous productivity materialized principally because oxygenic
photosynthesizers unleashed a virtually unlimited supply of reduced H that forever freed life from its sole dependence upon
abiotic sources of reducing power such as hydrothermal emanations and weathering. Communities sustained by oxygenic
photosynthesis apparently thrived wherever supplies of sunlight, moisture and nutrients were sufficient. Prior to the
70
development of oxygenic photosynthesis, the net global effect of the ancient global biosphere was to facilitate chemical
equilibrium between reduced species from thermal activity and weathering and more oxidized constituents in the surface
environment. But even this ancient biosphere might have been globally pervasive. The global geothermal heat flow was
substantially higher during Earth’s first billion years, and thus reduced chemical species might have persisted in sunlit aquatic
environments. Perhaps the substantial decline in thermal activity between 4000 and 3000 Ma created a driver for oxygenic
photosynthesis to develop.
Author
Biogeochemistry; Biosphere; Carbon Cycle; Earth Surface
20050010276 California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA USA
LISA: The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Tinto, Masimo, Author; Sep. 2004; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427841; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a deep-space mission, jointly proposed to the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA), for detecting and studying gravitational radiation in the millihertz frequency band 1. An
overview of this new, exciting, and technologically challenging mission is presented, giving special emphasis to its frequency
and timing requirements.
DTIC
Aerospace Environments; Deep Space; Interferometers; LISA (Observatory)
20050010290 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA
Identification and Validation of Reference Events Within the Area Regionally Monitored by IMS Stations in Asia and
North Africa
Engdahl, Eric R., Author; Bergman, Eric A., Author; Oct. 2004; 38 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTRA01-00-C-0032
Report No.(s): AD-A427872; CU-1532343; DTRA-TR-03-32; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
A database of seismic networks and stations, including their operational history, has been compiled from all sources. In
particular, the name, coordinates and elevations of seismic stations that have operated or are presently operating in Iran, India
and China have been compiled. Seismic stations that have a long history of reporting phase data have been identified and
validated. A new groomed version of the ISC/NEIC bulletin database for the period 1964-2000 has been used to identify and
investigate potential reference events that meet GT5 criteria. A new algorithm that uses the new station database to identify
potential reference events meeting GT5 criteria based solely on the distribution of potential reporting stations has been
developed and implemented. High-resolution cluster analysis has been refined and applied to known earthquake sequences and
to nuclear explosion sites in Asia and North Africa for which one or more of the associated events is known to GT5 accuracy.
Visits by scientists from China, Iran and India have enabled us to identify new sources of reference events in those countries
and to familiarize them with applications of the Hypocentroidal Decomposition (HDC) method. Regional arrival time data for
stations in those countries for the Lop Nor, Chamoli and Bhuj clusters was obtained. A well-located GT5 data set of explosions
and earthquakes was used to develop epicenter accuracy criteria for near-regional, regional, and teleseismic distance ranges.
The cluster event catalogs and derived parameters, such as empirical estimates of source-station path anomalies, has provided
a reference data set that has been used in experiments designed to validate a 3-D model of the region of interest.
DTIC
Africa; Asia; Cluster Analysis; Data Bases; Ground Truth
47
METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
Includes weather observation forecasting and modification.
20050000023 Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
USAID Programs that Respond to Climate Change. Background Paper
McClelland, D. G.; Sep. 2003; 32 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101695; PN-ACT-552; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), created by the international community and supported by the
USA, is a scientific body that reflects mainstream scientific understanding of climate change. IPCC has concluded that most
71
of the observed global warming of the last 50 years is attributable to human activities, which, if unchecked, could cause the
planets average temperature to rise by as much as 10.4 degrees Fahrenheit over the next century. Over the last 100 years,
average temperature has risen about 1 degree Fahrenheit and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels escalated dramatically, by about 25
percent. Most scientists are convinced that additional human-induced CO2 emissions (caused mainly by power production,
automobile use, and burning of forests) are tilting the balance toward increased global warming.
NTIS
Carbon Dioxide; Climate Change; Global Warming
20050000024 Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
USAID Programs that Respond to Climate Change. Philippines Case Study
McClelland, D. G.; Addison, M.; Knowland, W.; Mar. 2003; 44 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101694; PN-ACS-282; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In January 2002, a three-person team traveled to the Philippines to assess the extent to which these programs had reduced
net emissions of greenhouse gases. The assessment was designed to quantify and, when possible, assign a value to the win-win
effect associated with the mission’s environmental programs. The Philippines was selected for this assessment in part because
it was one of nine key countries supported bilaterally under USAID’s Climate Change Initiative. Although this initiative works
in more than 40 countries, 12 countries or subregions were designated as key, based on the magnitude of their contribution
to net greenhouse gas emissions or their government’s commitment to addressing climate change problems as demonstrated
by concrete action.
NTIS
Greenhouse Effect; Philippines; Climate Change
20050009877 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, USA
SAO Participation in the GOME and SCIAMACHY Satellite Instrument Programs
Hilsenrath, Ernest, Technical Monitor; Chance, Kelly; Kurosu, Thomas; December 2004; 51 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-11677; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
This report summarizes the progress on our three-year program of research to refine the measurement capability for
satellite-based instruments that monitor ozone and other trace species in the Earth’s stratosphere and troposphere, to retrieve
global distributions of these and other constituents h m the GOME and SCIAMACHY satellite instruments, and to conduct
scientific studies for the ILAS instruments. This continues our involvements as a U.S. participant in GOME and
SCIAMACHY since their inception, and as a member of the ILAS-II Science Team. These programs have led to the launch
of the first satellite instrument specifically designed to measure height-resolved ozone, including the tropospheric component
(GOME), and the development of the first satellite instrument that will measure tropospheric ozone simultaneously with NO2,
CO, HCHO, N2O, H2O, and CH4 (SCIAMACHY). The GOME program now includes the GOME-2 instruments, to be
launched on the Eumetsat Metop satellites, providing long-term continuity in European measurements of global ozone that
complement the measurements of the TOMS, SBUV, OMI, OMPS instruments. The research primarily focuses on two areas:
Data analysis, including algorithm development and validation studies that will improve the quality of retrieved data products,
in support for future field campaigns (to complement in situ and airborne campaigns with satellite measurements), and
scientific analyses to be interfaced to atmospheric modeling studies.
Author
Atmospheric Models; Methane; Ozone; Satellite Instruments; Trace Elements
20050009891 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Three Years of TRMM Precipitation Features, Part 1, Radar, Radiometric, and Lightning Characteristics
Cecil, Daniel J.; Goodman, Steven J.; Boccippio, Dennis J.; Zipser, Edward J.; Nesbitt, Stephen W.; [2004]; 72 pp.; In
English; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
During its first three years, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observed nearly six million
precipitation features. The population of precipitation features is sorted by lightning flash rate, minimum brightness
temperature, maximum radar reflectivity, areal extent, and volumetric rainfall. For each of these characteristics, essentially
describing the convective intensity or the size of the features, the population is broken into categories consisting of the top
0.001%, top 0.01%, top 0.1%, top 1%, top 2.4%, and remaining 97.6%. The set of ‘weakest / smallest’ features comprises
97.6% of the population because that fraction does not have detected lightning, with a minimum detectable flash rate 0.7
fl/min. The greatest observed flash rate is 1351 fl/min; the lowest brightness temperatures are 42 K (85-GHz) and 69 K (3772
GHz). The largest precipitation feature covers 335,000 sq km and the greatest rainfall from an individual precipitation feature
exceeds 2 x 10(exp 12) kg of water. There is considerable overlap between the greatest storms according to different measures
of convective intensity. The largest storms are mostly independent of the most intense storms. The set of storms producing
the most rainfall is a convolution of the largest and the most intense storms. This analysis is a composite of the global tropics
and subtropics. Significant variability is known to exist between locations, seasons, and meteorological regimes. Such
variability will be examined in Part II. In Part I, only a crude land / Ocean separation is made. The known differences in bulk
lightning flash rates over land and Ocean result from at least two differences in the precipitation feature population: the
frequency of occurrence of intense storms, and the magnitude of those intense storms that do occur. Even when restricted to
storms with the same brightness temperature, same size, or same radar reflectivity aloft, the storms over water are considerably
less likely to produce lightning than are comparable storms over land.
Author
Trmm Satellite; Precipitation (Meteorology); Lightning
20050009951 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA, Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA, USA
Wind Prediction Accuracy for Air Traffic Management Decision Support Tools
Cole, Rod; Green, Steve; Jardin, Matt; Schwartz, Barry; Benjamin, Stan; [2000]; 1 pp.; In English; 3rd USA/Europe ATM R
and D, Napoli, Italy
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 538-18-25; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The performance of Air Traffic Management and flight deck decision support tools depends in large part on the accuracy
of the supporting 4D trajectory predictions. This is particularly relevant to conflict prediction and active advisories for the
resolution of conflicts and the conformance with of traffic-flow management flow-rate constraints (e.g., arrival metering /
required time of arrival). Flight test results have indicated that wind prediction errors may represent the largest source of
trajectory prediction error. The tests also discovered relatively large errors (e.g., greater than 20 knots), existing in pockets of
space and time critical to ATM DST performance (one or more sectors, greater than 20 minutes), are inadequately represented
by the classic RMS aggregate prediction-accuracy studies of the past. To facilitate the identification and reduction of
DST-critical wind-prediction errors, NASA has lead a collaborative research and development activity with MIT Lincoln
Laboratories and the Forecast Systems Lab of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This
activity, begun in 1996, has focussed on the development of key metrics for ATM DST performance, assessment of
wind-prediction skill for state of the art systems, and development/validation of system enhancements to improve skill. A 13
month study was conducted for the Denver Center airspace in 1997. Two complementary wind-prediction systems were
analyzed and compared to the forecast performance of the then standard 60 km Rapid Update Cycle - version 1 (RUC-1). One
system, developed by NOAA, was the prototype 40-km RUC-2 that became operational at NCEP in 1999. RUC-2 introduced
a faster cycle (1 hr vs. 3 hr) and improved mesoscale physics. The second system, Augmented Winds (AW), is a prototype
en route wind application developed by MITLL based on the Integrated Terminal Wind System (ITWS). AW is run at a local
facility (Center) level, and updates RUC predictions based on an optimal interpolation of the latest ACARS reports since the
RUC run. This paper presents an overview of the study’s results including the identification and use of new large mor
wind-prediction accuracy metrics that are key to ATM DST performance.
Author
Air Traffıc Control; Decision Support Systems; Wind (Meteorology); Accuracy
20050010118 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA, USA
Validating Traffic Simulation Models to Inclement Weather Travel Conditions with Applications to Arterial
Coordinated Signal Systems
Sadek, A. W.; Amison-Agbolosu, S. J.; Nov. 2004; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101800; NETCR-47; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Congestion along arterial systems in New England is often the result of adverse weather conditions, which typically
change the normal traffic flow parameters and render the normal signal plans unsuitable. With recent advances in
communications and signals hardware, there is a need to explore the feasibility and benefits of implementing signal-timing
plans, specifically tailored for inclement weather conditions. The current study has two main objectives: (1) to assess the
impact of inclement weather on traffic flow parameters at signalized intersections in northern New England; and (2) to evaluate
the likely operational benefits of implementing weather-specific timing plans. To assess inclement weather impact, traffic flow
under normal and inclement weather conditions at a signalized intersection were carefully observed over two winter seasons.
The weather/road surface conditions were categorized into six different classes, and values for the saturation headways and
startup lost times were collected for each weather condition. Statistical analyses reveal that inclement weather does have a
73
significant impact on the values of saturation headways, particularly once slushy conditions start developing or once snow start
sticking to the ground.
NTIS
Communication Equipment; Conditions; Flow Characteristics; Rapid Transit Systems
20050010125 Commerce Dept., Washington, DC, USA
U.S. Climate Change Research Initiative (CCRI): Survey of Research Strategies to Reduce Scientific Uncertainties
Evans, D. L.; Aug. 2001; 44 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101765; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In his June 11 speech at the Rose Garden President Bush announced the establishment of the U.S. Climate Change
Research Initiative to study areas of uncertainty and identify priority areas where investments can make a difference. The
President directed the Secretary of Commerce to set priorities for additional investments in climate change research, review
such investments and, to improve coordination among federal agencies. He also committed to providing resources to build
climate observation systems and proposed a joint venture with the EU, Japan and others to develop state-of-the-art climate
modeling that will improve our understanding of the causes and impacts of climate change.
NTIS
Climate Change; Climate Models; Surveys
20050010159 Princeton Univ., NJ, USA, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
Comparison of Parameterized Cloud Variability to ARM Data
Klein, S.; Norris, J.; 2004; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-821596; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Cloud parameterizations in large-scale models often try to predict the amount of sub-grid scale variability in cloud
properties to address the significant non-linear effects of radiation and precipitation. Statistical cloud schemes provide an
attractive framework to self-consistently predict the variability in radiation and microphysics but require accurate predictions
of the width and asymmetry of the distribution of cloud properties. Data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)
program are used to assess the variability in boundary layer cloud properties for a well-mixed stratocumulus observed at the
Oklahoma ARM site during the March 2000 Intensive Observing Period. Cloud boundaries, liquid water content, and liquid
water path are retrieved from the millimeter wavelength cloud radar and the microwave radiometer. Balloon soundings,
aircraft data, and satellite observations provide complementary views on the horizontal cloud inhomogeneity. It is shown that
the width of the liquid water path probability distribution function is consistent with a model in which horizontal fluctuations
in liquid water content are vertically coherent throughout the depth of the cloud. Variability in cloud base is overestimated by
this model, however; perhaps because an additional assumption that the variance of total water is constant with altitude
throughout the depth of the boundary layer is incorrect.
NTIS
Parameterization; Atmospheric Radiation; Boundary Layers; Microwave Radiometers; Satellite Observation
51
LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to plant and animal biology (non-human); ecology; microbiology; and also the origin,
development, structure, and maintenance of animals and plants in space and related environmental conditions. For specific topics in life
sciences see categories 52 through 55.
20050001312 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Agent-Based Infrastructure For Facilitating Evidence-Based Health Care
Sampson, Jennifer; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 81; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Evidence-based medicine relies heavily on the timely dissemination of ‘best evidence’ to a wide audience of health
practitioners. However, finding, assimilating and using this information resource effectively can be difficult. In this paper we
describe an infrastructure for facilitating evidence-based health care using Agora - a multi-agent system. This paper discusses
our extensions to AGORA, and also describes issues for disseminating such medical knowledge via an adaptive, intelligent,
distributed, mobile information service. We describe how an agent based approach car deliver clinical cases and diagnosis
74
information to clinicians at point of care tailored to her/his needs. This research in progress is particularly important for the
facilitating flow of information in health care.
Author
Diagnosis; Health
20050001323 Porto Univ., Portugal
Data Mining Application in Clinical Data of Patients with Nephrolithiasis
Paoliello, Romero; JoseLageAlvarenga, Paulo; Zarate, Luis Enrique; Ribeiro, Thiago; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and
Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 69; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Nephrolithiasis is a disease that is unknown yet a clinical treatment that determines its cure. In the adult population is
esteemed an incidence around 5 to 12%, being a little lesser in the pediatric band. The renal colic, caused by nephrolithiasis,
is the main disease symptom in the adults and it is observed in 14% of the pediatric patients. The disease symptoms in the
pediatric patient don’t follow a pattern, and this difficult the disease diagnosis. The main objective of this work is discovery
the patters of the disease symptoms and identifies the apt population to acquire it. With this objective, is applied KDD
methodology determining discriminant rules for the patterns of the symptoms, and with this, select the groups of patients with
those sets of symptoms. The results and the conclusions of the work are presented in the end of the article.
Author
Data Mining; Diagnosis; Diseases
20050009801 Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Mechanotransduction through Integrins
Ingber, Donald; [2004]; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG2-1501; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The goal of this project was to characterize the molecular mechanism by which cells recognize and respond to physical
forces in their local environment. The project was based on the working hypothesis that cells sense mechanical stresses
through cell surface integrin receptors and through their interconnections with the underlying cytoskeleton. Work completed
and published in past funding period had provided direct support for this hypothesis. In particular, we demonstrated that
application of mechanical stresses to activated integrin receptors (but not inactive integrins or other control transmembrane
receptors) resulted in stress-dependent activation of the CAMP signaling pathway leading to gene transcription. We also
showed that this form of mechanotransduction requires activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. In this grant, our specific aims
included: 1) to characterize the signal processing capabilities of different integrins and other cell surface receptors, 2) to
identify heterotrimeric G proteins that mediate CAMP signaling by stresses applied to integrins, 3) to identify molecules that
mediate transmembrane mechanochemical coupling between integrins and G proteins, and 4) to use genome-wide gene
expression profiling techniques to identify other genes and signaling pathways that are activated by mechanical forces
transmitted over specific cell surface receptors. Elucidation of the mechanism by which cells sense mechanical stresses
through integrins and translate them into a biochemical response should help us to understand the molecular basis of the
cellular response to gravity as well as many other forms of mechanosensation and tissue regulation.
Author
Gene Expression; Gravitation; Proteins; Signal Processing; Stress (Biology)
20050010036 Porto Univ., Portugal
eGovernment Maturity Model(eGMM)
Haki, Kazem; Mohammadian, Ayob; Farazmand, Emad; Safari, Hossein; Khoshsima, Gholamreza; Moslehi, Adel; ICEIS
2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 138; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other
Sources
eGovernment has been defined as an Information and Communication Technology(ICT) enabled route to good
governance. eGovernment is an evolutionary path that its effective implementation requires a complete understanding of
constituting elements and at the same time taking a holistic view to stay focused on its overall objectives. This paper introduces
a new heuristic model that could be used to measure eGovernment maturity called ‘eGovernment Maturity Model’ (eGMM).
eGMM has five levels of maturity encompassing varying degree of initiatives, from the lowest to the highest. Stages include
close, readiness, develop, manage, and seamless. In this model two aspects are considered: eService maturity and plan
maturity.
Author
Computer Programs; Heuristic Methods
75
20050010215 Bangert/Doktor, Inc., Honolulu, HI USA
Human Factors in Telemedicine
Doktor, Robert, Author; Bangert, David, Author; Jul. 2004; 690 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-2-0038
Report No.(s): AD-A427699; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A99, Hardcopy
To bring together some of the best minds in the field of Human Factors as it relates to Telemedicine. The group explored
how the utilization rates can be improved and documented the thinking in the form of a book that will be valuable to the
military health care system and to scholars. Bangert/Doktor, Inc. managed a virtual learning community that interacted
continually for two years using the Internet and attended two meetings sponsored by TATRC, devoted to the theme Human
Factors in Telemedicine. At the first meeting the invitees committed to the production of a book. At the second meeting, they
explored general topics and discuss their individual ‘thought pieces.’ During the entire contract period, the invitees refined,
discussed and prepared their articles. By electronic discourse, final drafts will be exchanged and discussed. Outside reviewers
were used. Dominant themes identified. The editors finalized the articles, organized the edited edition, and prepared the
necessary introductory and conductive passages.
DTIC
Human Factors Engineering; Medical Services; Telemedicine
20050010216 California Univ., Berkeley, CA USA
Instant Cell Analysis, BioSPICE, Cellular Devices and Exquisite Detection: Towards an Interactive Biology
Arkin, Adam P., Author; Nov. 2004; 3 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-99-F-0458
Report No.(s): AD-A427703; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
The overall objective of this project was to rapidly find molecular reagents to interfere or bind to every gene product in
the Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the development of new screening and data analytical technologies. Two experimental
approaches were taken. Ron Davis developed the haploinsufficiency profiling (HIP) technology wherein two libraries of yeast
were constructed one containing strains missing one copy the other strains missing both copies of every gene in yeast (that
could be knock out). In place of its missing gene, each strain was engineered with a DNA bar code to identify it. Affymetrix
chips were used to measure the relative populations of each strain under different chemical perturbations. Roger Brent worked
on build protein aptamers to bind gene products. Arkin’s role was in the development of analyses for the Haploinsufficiency
data.
DTIC
Genes; Saccharomyces; Yeast
20050010217 Miami Univ., FL USA
An Innovative Strategy for the Prevention and Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Modified Tetracycline as
Chemotherapeutics
Lokeshwar, Balakrishna L., Author; Oct. 2002; 49 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8526
Report No.(s): AD-A427704; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In this second year (months 12-24) of the Phase II of the project, the molecular basis of chemoresistance in prostate tumor
cells, acquired due to their interaction with stromal cells was explored. Both biochemical and molecular biological approaches
using quantitative mRNA expression analysis by cDNA Microarray, Quantikine mRNA ELISA, and stable transfection with
anti-sense cDNA were undertaken to analyze the role of three pro-inflammatory cytokines in the modulation of tumor cells’
response to chemotherapeutic drugs. These studies revealed that in addition to chemodrugs induced increase in the expression
levels of three cytokines IL-8, IL-6 and IL-8, cyclooxygenase-II (cox-2), the key enzyme in the classical inflammatory
response, in also highly elevated. Inhibition of the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8, not only increased response
chemotherapy drug-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis but also showed an interlinking relationship between the three
cytokines. Inhibition of COX-2 by specific inhibitors such as Celecoxib or NS 398 also induced apoptosis mediated
cytotoxicity in CaP cells. A combination of COX-2 inhibition and CMT-3 revealed synergistic increase in cytotoxicity and
apoptosis. Furthermore, a combined treatment modality, using Celecoxib and CMT-3, in mice bearing human tumor xenografts
produced an increased tumor growth delay, without any adverse effect on the host, suggesting increased efficacy.
DTIC
Cancer; Chemotherapy; Metastasis; Prevention; Prostate Gland; Tetracyclines
76
20050010218 Dana Farber Cancer Inst., Boston, MA USA
The Basal Cell Marker p63 and Prostate Stem Cells
Signoretti, Sabina, Author; May 2004; 14 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0051
Report No.(s): AD-A427706; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The existence of prostate stem cell capable of giving rise to all the epithelial lineages present in the adult prostate is very
controversial. Understanding the stages of cell differentiation in normal prostate epithelium is essential for the identification
of the cell type(s) involved in prostate carcinogenesis. The p53-homologue p63 is selectively expressed in the basal cell
compartment of a variety of epithelial tissues and p63 deficient mice show severe defects in the development of epithelial
organs, including agenesis of the prostate. These findings suggest that p63 is required to maintain a prostate stem cell
population. In order to test this hypothesis we will first study p63 expression in the various stages of prostate development
in wild type mice by both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (Specific Aim 1). We will also construct chimeric
mice by injecting p63+1+ beta-galactosidase positive ES cells into p634- blastocysts (Specific Aim 2) and then analyze the
relative contribution of p63+/+ and p63-/- cells to the prostatic epithelium. In the event in which both basal and secretory cells
require p63 for development, the results will indicate that both compartments originate from a common p63-positive stem cell.
DTIC
Markers; Prostate Gland; Stem Cells
20050010220 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
Can Gene Expression Pattern Analysis Predict Recurrence in Node-Negative Breast Cancer
O’Connell, Peter, Author; Dec. 2002; 18 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0478
Report No.(s): AD-A427708; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Some breast cancers spread (metastasize) to distant sites, putting the patient at high risk of death from this disorder.
Clinicians now use tumor size, tumor appearance, and especially the presence of metastasis (cancer spread to local lymph
nodes, or ‘node-positive breast cancer’) to estimate the risk of early breast cancer death. These measures are imperfect, since
30% of the patients who should have a good outcome (no cancer spread to local lymph nodes, or ‘node-negative breast
cancer’), eventually recur and die of breast cancer. Because breast cancer metastasis is so hard to predict, and so deadly, moat
low-risk node-negative breast cancer patients receive the same drug therapies routinely given to high-risk node-positive
patients. This means that the majority of the low- risk node-negative breast cancer patients receive aggressive treatment they
do not need. Our objective is to identify biomarkers that better define the metastatic potential of a node-negative breast cancer.
We hypothesize that patterns of gene expression exist that distinguish primary breast cancers at low versus high risk of
metastatic spread, and that these patterns can be ascertained using cDNA expression array technology, comparing frozen
primary breast cancers of known good versus bad outcome. Multivariate analyses between these genes and with existing
prognostic factors will determine the value of this approach in selecting optimal treatment strategies for women with
node-negative breast cancer. With this information, clinicians could identify node-negative patients who require additional
drug therapy for their disease, and could avoid over-treating those patients with vary low risk of metastatic disease
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Gene Expression; Genes; Lymphatic System; Mammary Glands
20050010221 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA
Structure/Function Studies of the Androgen Receptor DNA-Binding Region
Rastinejad, Fraydoon, Author; Apr. 2003; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0048
Report No.(s): AD-A427711; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The androgen receptor (AR) regulates the growth and differentiation of prostate cells and is an important drug target for
prostate cancer chemotherapy. The research goals associated with this study are to characterize the structural and functional
aspects of the AR in order to uncover the potential of its domains, and in particular the DNA-binding domain, as a drug target.
In this final report, I discuss the results obtained over the past three years towards characterization of the AR. Among our
findings are a) the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor and related nuclear receptors act as their nuclear export
signals, b) their export is dependent on their binding to the protein calreticulin in the presence of calcium, c) by analogy with
our recent crystal structure of EcR-Usp on DNA, a pair of DNA-binding domains are arranged symmetrically as a homodimer
with respect to each other and directly on the half-sites of their target DNA, d) the ligand binding domain is analogous to the
77
FXR ligand-binding domain and shares highly related surfaces responsible for DHT binding and coactivator binding.
DTIC
Cancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Hormones; Males; Prostate Gland
20050010227 Walter Reed Army Inst. of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA
Accession Medical Standards Analysis and Research Activity (AMSARA): 2003 Annual Report
Jan. 2003; 103 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427738; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy
The Accession Medical Standards Analysis and Research Activity (AMSARA) completed the three-year cyclic review of
the DODI 6130.4 in support of the Accession Medical Standards Working Group during 2003. Two significant changes in
DODI 6130.4 (to be published in 2004) are a direct result of AMSARA’s research and analysis over the past seven years.
Evidence gathered through multiple IRB-approved protocols supports initial qualification of an applicant revealing a history
of asthma that has been asymptomatic since age 13. Likewise, evidence gathered through epidemiologic analyses supports
initial qualification of an applicant revealing a history of ADHD) who has been able to graduate high school or keep a job
while off medication for at least a year. It is anticipated that these changes will allow 2,000 to 3,000 additional applicants per
year to be initially qualified for military service, greatly reducing the workload and expense of processing applicants. An
AMSARA study of discharges due to asthma at Fort Jackson and Fort Knox confirmed that most asthmatics know of their
condition and conceal it at the Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) examination. Given the scope of the asthma
concealment at the MEPS, over the past three years AMSARA has been seeking a simple and inexpensive screening test for
asthma. This year, a field test of NIOX (a device to measure exhaled nitric oxide as an indicator of asthma) was completed.
This study (funded by the US army Accessions Command) identified that current screening at MEPS misses 85% of applicants
with any history of asthma. The study observation that \g8% of applicants have markedly high nitric oxide levels requires
further research.
DTIC
Asthma; Medical Science; Personnel
20050010230 Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY USA
Role of the Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ACK2 in EGF Receptor Degradation
Stearns, Carrie, Author; Apr. 2004; 11 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0064
Report No.(s): AD-A427754; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB-1) and members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases have been
implicated in several mitogenic signaling pathways. Regulated growth factor-mediated signaling relies upon a balance
between receptor activation, endocytosis, and degradation. As a result, overexpression or mutations altering receptor kinase
activity disrupts this delicate balance, and is often sufficient to cause malignant transformation of the cell. We are particularly
interested in the emerging role of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, ACK2, and its substrate, SH3PX1, in regulating the
degradation of ErbB-2 family members. Establishing a role for ACK2 and SH3PX1 in ErbB-2 receptor degradation is
especially appealing based on the predictive property between receptor overexpression and breast cancer. Currently, we are
interested in further characterizing the ACK2-SH3PX1 interaction and determining the significance of ACK2-dependent
phosphorylation of SH3PX1 in cells. To address these objectives, we have carried out deletion analysis studies to delineate
the region of the phosphorylation site(s) on SH3PX1. In our studies, we have demonstrated that the phosphorylation signal
of SH3PX1 is lost in the C-terminal truncation mutant DeltaC393. In parallel site-directed mutagenesis studies, we conclude
that all conserved point-mutants of SH3PX1 retain a phosphorylation signal comparable to wild-type. At this point, we believe
that Mass Spectrometry may provide a more sensitive means to identify the ACK2 phsophorylation site on SH3PX1.
Currently, efforts to generate recombinant forms of ACK2 and SH3PX1 are underway to aid in phosphopeptide mapping
experiments, as well as screens for ACK2 inhibitors. The ability to regulate this phosphorylation event, perhaps through the
identification of a dominant-negative form of SH3PX1, or specific inhibitors of ACK2, will help determine the importance of
ACK2 activity in receptor endocytosis and degradation.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Degradation; Enzymes; Mammary Glands; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Proteins; Tyrosine
78
20050010231 New York Univ., New York, NY USA
Hypo-Fractionated Conformal Radiation Therapy to the Tumor Bed After Segmental Mastectomy
Formenti, Silvia C., Author; Jul. 2004; 71 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0345
Report No.(s): AD-A427755; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
This trial tests a regimen of prone conformal hypo-fractionated radiotherapy directed to the original tumor bed with
margins in a selected subset of post-menopausal women with breast cancer with a very low risk for local recurrence elsewhere
in the breast. After planning CT is conducted in the prone position, the breast tissue and tumor bed are contoured on a 3D
planning system and a 2 cm margin added to determine the planning treatment volume (PTV) . A plan is generated to treat
the PTV with six Gy per fraction are delivered to the 95% isodose surface in 5 fractions over ten days weeks to a total dose
of 30 Gy. Fifty-three of the 99 patients planned to accrue to the study have completed treatment and the results have been
reported at the ASTRO 2003 meeting and 2004 American Radium Society meeting. All patients tolerated treatment very well.
DVH varied based on the position of the original tumor bed and the size of the breast. In most cases it was possible to
successfully plan and treat a quadrant of the breast without exceeding 50% of the dose to 50% of the breast volume. Longer
follow up is necessary to assess efficacy and cosmetic results.
DTIC
Conservation; Fractionation; Radiation Therapy; Therapy; Tumors
20050010232 Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
Microarray Technology to Study the Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer Risk
Ozcelik, Hilmi, Author; Knight, Julia A., Author; Jul. 2004; 54 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0353
Report No.(s): AD-A427756; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
Several studies have suggested an association between low penetrant alleles and breast cancer risk. Although the
contribution of low penetrant alleles to the individual risk is relatively small, they can contribute to a large proportion of breast
cancer cases in the population. In this study we took the candidate gene approach to study the association of 19 different
genetic polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in a population-based sample using a high-throughput genotyping technology.
To date, we have completed genotyping 398 cases and 372 population controls for 19 SNPs from several cancer-related
molecular pathways. Univariate analysis has shown that XPD cod751 polymorphism is significantly associated with breast
cancer risk. None of the remaining 18 SNPs were associated with breast cancer risk individually. Sub-group analysis of the
cases has shown that SNPs of ER, XPD, COMT and p27 genes were significantly associated with breast cancer risk in cases
with at least a first-degree relative of breast cancer. Cyp17 and MTHFR SNPs were associated with pre-menopausal status,
whereas GADD45 and COMT were associated with post-menopausal status. Multivariate analysis of the sample (Logistic
Regression Models and Bootstrap analysis) has shown interesting findings regarding the biological interaction between the
alleles of cancer-related proteins. The stronger interaction was observed between XPD (DNA repair) and IL-10 (Immune
system) SNPs (68%), whereas COMT (Estrogen metabolism) and CyclinD1 interaction shown to be 61% with the bootstrap
analysis. The approach used in this study has discovered novel biological interactions between different cancer pathways in
the context of breast cancer predisposition. Future studies focusing on systematic selection of functional SNPs and the
investigation of their interaction in a larger and homogeneous subset of samples will provide basis for the polygenic model
of breast cancer.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Genetics; Mammary Glands; Polymorphism; Risk
20050010234 Duke Univ., Durham, NC USA
Predicted Drug Concentration Distribution Using a Validated Finite Element Model in Locally Advanced Breast
Cancer
Viglianti, Benjamin, Author; Dewhirst, Mark W., Author; Jul. 2004; 26 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0348
Report No.(s): AD-A427760; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The long-term objective of this study is to develop methods to predict the concentration-distribution of liposomally
encapsulated doxorubicin in locally advanced breast cancer. Chemotherapy is frequently ineffective in shrinking these tumors
to the point that they can be removed due to heterogeneity in drug delivery. One method to improve the uniformity of drug
delivery is use local hyperthermia with thermally sensitive liposome, which releases their contents rapidly under local
hyperthermia. In pre-clinical studies, this formulation was superior to non-thermally sensitive liposomes with HT. The
79
difference was directly proportional to the tissue drug concentration. We have developed a novel MR imageable liposome
formulation. This liposome contains the chemotherapeutic drug, but also the MR contrast agent manganese. We have
developed and validated a MR compatible heating device and obtained temperature distributions. We have shown the uptake
of the liposomes and their content release under hyperthermic conditions using MRS in a rodent model. The calculated
concentration within the tumor using MRS has been validated with direct tissue measurements by histology sections using
fluorescence microscopy. These measurements demonstrate that MRI can be used to non-invasively measure the concentration
distribution of chemotherapy drugs delivered with these liposomes. This ability to monitor liposomal/drug delivery and/or
content release in real time could allow for development of treatment strategies to improve intratumoral homogeneity of drug
concentration presumably increasing treatment efficacy.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Drugs; Finite Element Method; Hyperthermia; Lipids; Mammary Glands; Mathematical
Models
20050010239 Illinois Univ., Chicago, IL USA
Mechanism of Action of a Novel Analog of Vitamin D3 1 Alpha-hydroxy-24-ethyl Cholecalciferol (D5) in Normal and
Transformed Human Breast Epithelial Cells
Hussain, Erum A., Author; Mehta, Rajendra G., Author; May 2004; 13 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0272
Report No.(s): AD-A427777; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
It is now well established that the active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1alpha, 25 (OH)2D3, regulates cell growth and
differentiation in various in vitro models. However, its clinical use is precluded due to its hypercalcemic activity in vivo.
Hence, several less calcemic vitamin D3 analogs have been synthesized and evaluated for their chemopreventive and
therapeutic efficacy in experimental carcinogenesis models. We have previously reported an analog of vitamin D3,
1-hydroxy-24-ethyl Cholecalciferol (D5) to be antiproliferative and inducer of differentiation in carcinogen-transformed
mouse mammary gland organ culture (MMOC) and breast cancer cells in vitro with little or no calcemic activity in vivo.
Moreover, D5 showed a selective growth inhibitory action on transformed MCF-12F cells while no growth inhibitory effect
was observed on normal MCR-12F cells. Similarly, OS induced growth arrest and/or differentiation in hormone responsive
breast cancer BT-474 and MCF-7 cells. D5 induced its growth inhibitory effect by modulating expression of various cell cycle
related proteins. Among the major cell cycle check points that were up regulated by D5, were CDKIs p21 and p27 in BT-474
cells. In the MCF 12F(exp MNU) cell model, D5 reduced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, over expression of
which is associated with hormone resistance. There was no effect of DS on EGFR expression in the breast cancer BT-474 and
MCF-7 cells. Thus, the effect of D5 appears to be cell model specific. On the other hand, in the BT-474 cell model, D5 down
regulated the transcription and expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) . Down regulation of ERalpha was followed
by decreased expression of progesterone receptor and the trefoil factor pS2 suggesting anti-estrogenic action of D5.
DTIC
Breast; Calciferol; Cancer; Ethyl Compounds; Mammary Glands; Vitamins
20050010254 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN USA
Hyaluronan Biosynthesis in Prostate Carcinoma
McCarthy, James B., Author; Jan. 2004; 16 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0102
Report No.(s): AD-A427815; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer in the last several years, metastasis represents the major
cause of frustration and failure in the successful treatment of prostate cancer patients. Hyaluronan (HA) is polymeric anionic
carbohydrate that is elevated within primary prostate tumors, most notably within the tumor-associated stroma. Our studies
have demonstrated that increased HA synthesis by human prostate carcinoma cells correlates with metastatic potential. This
increased synthesis results from the elevated expression of specific hyaluronan synthases (HAS) in the tumor cells. Metastatic
prostate carcinoma cells exhibiting high levels of HAS assemble and retain a pericellular HA matrix on their cell surfaces.
These cells also exhibit selective adhesion to bone marrow endothelial cell lines in vitro, suggesting that carcinoma associated
HA may enhance entry of prostate tumor cells in to the bone marrow microenvironment by engaging specific receptors on the
surface of these endothelial cells. Furthermore, elevated HA synthesis enhances tumor growth and vascularization in vivo
following subcutaneous injection. We have used vectors to stably express constructs encoding anti sense for HAS enzymes
to study the importance of elevated hyaluronan synthesis in prostate carcinoma adhesion, growth and tumor formation. The
80
studies outlined in this annual report document our observations that support an important role for hyaluronan in prostate
tumor progression and metastasis.
DTIC
Biosynthesis; Cancer; Metastasis; Prostate Gland
20050010255 Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH USA
Investigating the Role of Nuclear Clustering (nCLU) in Lethality and Genomic Instability in Paclitaxel (taxol) - Treated
Human Breast Cancer Cells
Criswell, Tracy L., Author; Boothman, David A., Author; Jul. 2004; 101 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0194
Report No.(s): AD-A427816; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy
Clusterin is a protein that has been implicated in many normal physiological processes (tissue remodeling, sperm
maturation) as well as many pathological processes (Alzheimer disease, atherosclerosis, cancer). Our laboratory became
interested in clusterin when we identified it as an x-ray induced protein/transcript in human melanoma cells. The secretory
form of clusterin (sCLU) has been shown to have cytoprotective effects after cellular stress and injury. Recently, Redondo et.
a! demonstrated that sCLU was over-expressed in breast cancer. sCLU over expression may provide a selective advantage in
malignant cells. The most effective therapies for breast cancer after surgery include chemo- and radiation therapies. These
therapies often fail as the tumor develops drug and radiation resistance. Our lab has shown that sCLU is induced by
physiological doses of taxol, taxotere and radiation. Additionally, we have shown that sCLU is transcriptionally repressed by
the tumor suppressor protein, p53, which is found mutated in approximately 20% of mammary tumors. Understanding the
cellular and molecular responses of malignant and normal cells to these chemo- and radiation therapy would allow us to
increase the efficacy of these treatments. Insight into the regulation of sCLU will allow us to better understand some of these
processes.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Genome; Lethality; Mammary Glands; Proteins; Radiation Tolerance
20050010256 Texas Univ., Houston, TX USA
Downregulation of Breast Cancer Gene Expression by Small Molecule Drugs
Gopal, Y. V., Author; Jun. 2004; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0305
Report No.(s): AD-A427817; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
I had previously reported the identification of a hairpin polyamide that binds sequence specifically to the core promoter
of the Her-2 oncogene and interferes with TBP binding. I had also constructed KRAB-fused transcriptional repressor proteins,
which binds to the AP-2 binding site of the Her-2 promoter. I now report my findings on the transcriptional repression and
proliferation inhibition carried out by the recombinant repressor proteins. The data presented in this report suggests that these
recombinant repressors inhibit the expression of proteins involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation. The overall effect
of these proteins results in apoptosis of Her- 2 over-expressing cells. In conclusion, these recombinant proteins have the
potential to be used as gene therapeutics for breast cancers that show Her-2 over-expression.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Drugs; Gene Expression; Genes; Mammary Glands
20050010257 Alabama Univ., Birmingham, AL USA
Treatment of Breast Cancer With Antibodies Against DR4 and DR5 Receptors in Combination With Chemotherapy
Buchsbaum, Donald J., Author; Jun. 2004; 38 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0264
Report No.(s): AD-A427818; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The overall goal of this proposal is to determine the therapeutic potential of apoptosis-inducing anti-human DR5 and DR4
antibodies, alone or together, in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs with activity against breast cancer, for the treatment
of metastatic breast cancer. Aim 1 was to determine the expression profile in human breast cancer cell lines of DR5 and DR4
before and after treatment with anti-DR5 and -DR4 MAb alone, together, and in combination with chemotherapy drugs. Aim
2 was to determine the expression profile of DR5 and DR4 during the progression of breast cancer. Aim 3 was to determine
the cytotoxicity of anti-DR5 and -DR4 antibodies against human breast cancer cells alone, together, and in combination with
adriamycin or paclitaxel. Aim 4 was to determine the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of anti-DR5 and -DR4 antibodies against
81
human breast cancer xenografts alone, together, and combined with adriamycin or paclitaxel. During the current project
period, we investigated MTRA-8 anti-DR5 antibody cytotoxicity alone and in combination with several chemotherapy and
biomodulating drugs and identified which combinations resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity. These combination treatments
were then tested in nude mice with subcutaneous breast cancer xenografts. We also showed that bioluminescence imaging can
be used to evaluate tumor response in mammary fat pad and disseminated breast cancer models. Mechanistic studies of
combination treatment were carried out both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of DR5 was determined by
immunohistochemistry to be present in human biopsy specimens of breast cancer and in adjacent normal breast epithelium.
DTIC
Antibodies; Breast; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Mammary Glands
20050010258 Northern California Inst. for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA USA
Characterization of SIRPs in Prostate Cancer Cells
Seaman, William E., Author; Mar. 2004; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0095
Report No.(s): AD-A427819; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Signal regulatory proteins (SIRPs include SIRP(3l, which activates cells, and SIRP alpha 1, which inhibits the cellular
response to several growth factors, and which regulates cell adhesion and spreading. We demonstrated by PCR that 3 of 3
prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP) express transcripts for SIRPs. Under this contract, we generated a
monoclonal antibody that recognizes both SIRP beta and SIRP alpha 1, thereby confirming the expression of SIRPs on PC-3
cells and, to a lesser extent on DU-145 cells. The receptor could not be detected on LNCaP cells. We have since shown by
PCR, Western blotting, and by surface staining that PC-3 and DU-145 cells express SIRP alpha 1 but not SIRP beta. We found
that they also express the tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2, and that SHP-2 binds to SIRP alpha 1 when it is phosphorylated,
demonstrating that this pathway for the function of SIRP alpha 1 is intact. We have created constructs of epitope-tagged SIRP
alpha 1, either intact or with mutations that would alter SHP-2 binding, in order to study its function in PC-3 cells. We have
also worked in particular on the characterization of the SIRP alpha 1 protein in prostate cancer cells. Is there more than one
form, due either to alternate splicing or to post-translational modification? These studies have proved challenging, but we
expect to complete them, along with all of the objectives of the contract, over the coming year (no-cost extension).
DTIC
Cancer; Prostate Gland
20050010260 Alabama Univ., Birmingham, AL USA
Exploiting the Innate Antitumor Activity of Human Gamma-Delta T-Cells for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Lopez, Richard D., Author; Apr. 2004; 20 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0265
Report No.(s): AD-A427821; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
We initially identified and characterized a CD2-mediated, interleukin (IL)-12-dependent signaling pathway which inhibits
apoptosis in mitogen-stimulated human gamma delta-T cells. We have since exploited this pathway to develop the
methodologies allowing the large-scale ex vivo expansion of viable apoptosis-resistant gamma delta-T cells. We have shown
that apoptosis-resistant human gamma delta-T cells retain significant innate, major histocompatibility complex (MMC)unrestricted cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer cell lines. Purpose and scope: The aims of this project are, 1) to more
precisely characterize the extent and breadth of the antitumor cytotoxicity mediated by apoptosis-resistant human gamma
delta-T cells against human prostate cancer cells; 2) to define the general mechanisms involved in the recognition and lysis
of sensitive prostate cancer cells by apoptosis-resistant 7&T cells; and 3) to determine the extent to which apoptosis-resistant
gamma delta-T cells can regulate the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells in vivo. Key fin dings to date: 1) gamma
delta-T cells derived from a variety of donors consistently displayed lytic activity against prostate cancer cell lines DU-145
and PC-3, but not LNCaP. 2) Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against either the V gamma 9 or V delta TCR chains as well as
mAb against intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) or CD18 (beta subunit of the beta 2 integrins) blocked gamma
delta-T cell-mediated killing of prostate cancer cells; 3) gamma delta-T cells lyse prostate cancer cell lines largely through the
perform/granzyme pathway. 4) Using the TRAMP transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer, we have shown that the absence
of gamma delta-T cells is indeed permissive for the development of tumors.
DTIC
Cancer; Prostate Gland
82
20050010264 Iowa Univ., Iowa City, IA USA
Molecular Basis for the Toxicity of Schweinfurthins to Breast Cancer Cells
Neighbors, Jeffrey D., Author; Wiemer, David, Author; May 2004; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0423
Report No.(s): AD-A427826; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The schweinfurthins are a small set of diprenylated stilbenes isolated from an African plant. Schweinfurthins A, B, display
significant and unique activity in the NCI’s 60 cell line panel, and the breast cancer lines MCF7 and HS 578T were among
the most sensitive. To study the mechanism of action and provide a reliable source, a chemical synthesis has been initiated.
A cationic cyclization approach allowed the synthesis of 3-deoxyschweinfurthin B which is more slightly cytotoxic than the
natural products. This has led to the synthesis of several analogs for the elucidation of the essential pharmacophore of the
schweinfurthin family. Our efforts to achieve an enantioselctive synthesis of the 3-deoxyschweinfurthin B core tricycle will
be presented as well.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Drugs; Mammary Glands; Toxicity
20050010265 University of Southern Illinois, Edwardsville, IL USA
A Concept Analysis of Competency in Nursing
Potter, Tammi L., Author; Nov. 2004; 55 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427827; CI04-898; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
A small hospital operates with an eight-bed multi-service intensive care unit (ICU) staffed with an entirely
baccalaureate-prepared registered nurse (RN) staff. The average daily census most months is 1.5 patients. On a rare occasion
the census swells to six patients, but on many days there are no patients at all. Even when patients are present they are
frequently not critically ill, but are merely there for ‘closer observation.’ The ICU nurses float to the nearby ward or perform
computer-based training exercises during the slow periods, which are frequent. The nurse manager and staff development
officer (SDO) are concerned about the impact of a dwindling patient population on the competency of the nurses to perform
certain low-volume, high-risk procedures, such as invasive hemodynamic monitoring via the Swan-Oanz pulmonary artery
(PA) catheter. The last patient requiring a PA catheter was over 6 months ago. Hospital administrators are reluctant to reduce
such services, fearing loss of revenue and loss of status. The nurse manager and SDO consider options; they employ
mannequin simulators, self-learning packages, and computer-based simulations. They even enter an agreement with a local
Veterans Administration (VA) hospital to utilize their nurses in the VA ICUs, where the patients are more critically ill. This
agreement generates problems of its own; the shifts of the nurses working at the VA must be covered, and the VA itself goes
through a period where invasive monitoring is rarely used. It is common for a nurse to perform a 2-week tour at the VA and
not observe a Swan-Oanz catheter at all. In addition, the VA nurses are anxious to maintain their own competency and are
reluctant to give up complex patients to a ‘visitor.’
DTIC
Medical Personnel; Personnel Development
20050010266 Dana Farber Cancer Inst., Boston, MA USA
Characterization of IBC-1, a Novel Putative Breast Cancer Prognostic and Survival Factor
Allinen, Minna, Author; Polyak, Kornelia, Author; Aug. 2004; 38 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0221
Report No.(s): AD-A427828; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Using SAGE(Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) we identified a SAGE tag that was only present in invasive breast
carcinomas and their lymph node metastases. The transcript corresponding to this SAGE tag, IBC-1 (Invasive Breast
Cancer-1)/dermcidin (DCD) encodes a secreted protein normally expressed only in the pons of the brain and sweat glands.
Array CGH, FISH, and immunohistochemical analyses determined that IBC-1/DCD is overexpressed in approximately 10%
of invasive breast carcinomas, in some cases its overexpression is coupled with a focal copy number gain of its locus at
12q13.1, and its expression is associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis. Expression of IBC-1/DCD in breast
cancer cells promotes cell growth and survival, and reduces serum dependency. Putative high and low affinity receptors for
IBC-1/DCD are present on the cell surface of breast carcinomas and neurons of the brain. Based on this data we hypothesize
that IBC-1/DCD may play a role in tumorigenesis via enhancing cell growth and survival in a subset of breast carcinomas.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Genes; Mammary Glands; Survival; Tumors
83
20050010270 Duke Univ., Durham, NC USA
Increasing Sustained Participation in Free Mass Cancer Screening Clinics
Price, Marva M., Author; May 2004; 61 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0235
Report No.(s): AD-A427834; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
Work in Year 2 surveying nonstainers to determine major factors related to their not returning for screening. In addition,
information sessions on prostate cancer were conducted at area African American churches. The purpose of these analysis were
done to estimate the proportion of regular use of free screening services for prostate cancer and to identify factors associated
with utilization that can help characterize likely non-participants for improved participation. The overall number of African
American men who presented for free screening increased by 13 participants from 246 in 2002 to 259 in 2003. Analysis at
this point in the study suggests that despite the similar findings among African American and White men for sustained
participation, men with less formal education (did not graduate from high school) are less likely to sustain screening. When
sustainer and nonsustainers data are compared, what seemed more significant is the relationship of race to frequency of
screening as one aged. We found that while sustained screening increased with increasing age among White men, in African
American men the reverse was true. African American men tended to present for screening more often in the younger ages
(40’s and 50’s). As they aged, their participation decreased.
DTIC
Cancer; Clinical Medicine; Medical Services; Prostate Gland
20050010271 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
Inherited Susceptibility to Breast Cancer in Healthy Women: Mutation in Breast Cancer Genes, Immune Surveillance,
and Psychological Distress
Bovbjerg, Dana H., Author; Oct. 2003; 5 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8333
Report No.(s): AD-A427835; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
The purpose of the research supported by this IDEA grant award, is to provide the first critical test of the possibility that
variability in the strength of immune surveillance mechanisms against caner (operationally defined by assessment of natural
killer cell activity) may be a factor in determining the penetrance of mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes. Two
possible explanations for variability in NK cell activity are being investigated: 1) stress-induced immune suppression, and 2)
inherited deficits in immune surveillance. This year, we have collected data on an additional 91 women for a total of 184
participants to date. We have requested a no-cost extension of the award anticipating that, on our improved referral rate to the
study, we will be able to complete the proposed research during this period.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Genes; Mammary Glands; Mutations; Oncogenes; Surveillance
20050010272 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN USA
Effect of Dietary Intervention on Prostate Tumor Development in Tramp Mice
Cleary, Margot P., Author; May 2004; 11 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0258
Report No.(s): AD-A427836; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Prospective epidemiological studies indicate that as body weight and/or energy intake increase so does the risk for prostate
cancer. In rodent studies chronic calorie restriction in associated with extended life expectancy and decreased incidence of
malignancies. A protective effect of energy restriction on development of spontaneous prostate tumors in Lobund-Wistar rats
and tumors developing from transplanted prostate tumor tissue cells in mice and rats have been published, but a mechanism
of action has not been identified. Recent introduction of the TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate) mouse
provides a model that shares characteristics with human prostate cancer. Here, TRAMP mice are being used to evaluate their
response to chronic and intermittent calorie restriction. The insulin like growth factor (IGF) axis is being investigated to
determine if it is involved in this protective process. Presently, we are following ad libitum-fed, intermittent-restricted and
chronic restricted TRAMP mice in a longitudinal study to determine prostate cancer incidence, latency and metastasis rate.
A 25% reduction in caloric intake is being utilized. Mice also are being enrolled in a cross-sectional protocol. Results will
determine if the manner of caloric restriction modulates its protective action and possibly identify a metabolic pathway to
target for prevention and/treatment strategies.
DTIC
Cancer; Diets; Mice; Prostate Gland; Tumors
84
20050010273 Texas Univ. Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
Pharmacists as Health Educators and Risk Communicators in the Prevention of Prostate Cancer
Warrick, Cynthia, Author; Apr. 2004; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0082
Report No.(s): AD-A427837; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The research study, ‘Pharmacists as Health Educators and Risk Communicators in the Prevention of Prostate Cancer’ is
a prostate cancer education for prevention project. The principle investigator is Cynthia Warrick, formerly at Howard
University; she is now an Assistant Professor, Management & Policy Sciences, at the University of Texas Houston School of
Public Health. This study proposes to define how pharmacists can play an integral role in the early detection and prevention
of prostate cancer. The specific aims of this research study are: 1. To identify community pharmacists who are willing to serve
as health educators and risk communicators on prostate cancer; 2. To design a program to educate and train pharmacists in
risk communication and prostate cancer; and 3. To design a format whereby pharmacists are able to perform health education
on prostate cancer in the community pharmacy setting. This study will be conducted in three phases: Phase I is the
development, administration, and evaluation of a survey instrument that will assess pharmacists’ willingness to counsel on
prostate cancer, their present knowledge about prostate cancer, their interests in education programs on prostate cancer, and
the feasibility of conducting public education in the community pharmacy setting. Phase II is the design, pilot testing, and
evaluation of a prostate cancer education and communication program that will be used to educate pharmacists on prostate
cancer and how this information should be communicated to the public through a lecture that will provide 1 hour of continuing
education credit. It will be developed for viewing on a computer through a CD-ROM. Phase III is the design, testing, and
evaluation of the prostate cancer educational implementation program. It involves the design of an educational interactive
kiosk that will be located in a community pharmacy.
DTIC
Cancer; Education; Health; Prevention; Prostate Gland; Public Health; Risk
20050010274 State Univ. of New York, Albany, NY USA
Estrogen Metabolism and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study
Muti, Paola C., Author; May 2004; 52 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0315
Report No.(s): AD-A427839; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
There is experimental evidence showing that a sedentary life-style and high fat diet induce estrogen metabolism toward
1 6 alpha hydroxylation leading to biologically potent metabolites (estriol and 16 alpha hydroxyestrone). An active life-style
and a low fat diet induce the alternative 2-hydroxylation with production of weak estrogen metabolites (2-hydroxyestrone).
Potent estrogens may increase prostate cell division and increase prostate cancer risk. The research hypothesis is that the
preferential induction of the 16 alpha hydroxylation pathway in respect to the 2-hydroxylation, is associated with an increase
risk of prostate cancer. We conduct a nested case-control study within the cohort of Western New York Health Study
(WNYHS) to test this hypothesis. From 1994 to 2000, 2,158 men, randomly selected from the general population of Erie and
Niagara Counties, participated in the WNYHS. At recruitment, information on lifestyle factors and anthropometric
characteristics were collected together with a sample of blood and urine. After an average follow-up period of four years, we
expect to observe 151 incident prostate cancer cases arising from the cohort. A total number of 604 control subjects (four for
each prostate cancer case) will be identified and matched for age, race and recruitment period with the related prostate cancer
cases.
DTIC
Cancer; Estrogens; Metabolism; Prostate Gland
20050010278 Retina Foundation, Boston, MA USA
EGF Regulation of VEGF: Role in Progression of ErbB2 Overexpressing Mammary Tumors
Loureiro, Robyn M., Author; D’Amore, Patricia A., Author; Jul. 2004; 45 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0387
Report No.(s): AD-A427846; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Progression of breast tumors is dependent on blood vessel infiltration to supply nutrients and remove wastes. Expression
of the angiogenic molecule vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical component of normal and pathological
tissue vascularization. ErbB2, an epidermal growth factor receptor family member whose overexpression in mammary tumors
is correlated with poor patient prognosis, has been previously implicated as a positive modulator of VEGF expression. I
utilized a normal mouse mammary cell line (HC11) transfected with ErbB2 expression vectors to study the effects of ErbB2
85
overexpression on VEGF regulation. I have identified the promoter regions through which ErbB2 overexpression regulates
VEGF expression by completing a structure-function analysis of the VEGF promoter in cultured mammary cells that
overexpress ErbB2. ErbB2-mediated upregulation of VEGF involves at least two distinct promoter elements. One previously
identified as the hypoxia responsive element and the other being the basal promoter region of the VEGF gene consisting of
two adjacent SP1 transcription factor binding sites.
DTIC
Endothelium; Genes; Mammary Glands; Tumors
20050010284 Air Force Academy, CO USA
Differential Gene Expression in Explanted Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells 12-Hours Post-Exposure to 532
nm, 120 ps Pulsed Laser Light
Obringer, John W., Author; Johnson, Martin D., Author; Apr. 2004; 47 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F05611-02-P-0471
Report No.(s): AD-A427860; USAFA-TR-2004-01; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The use of laser light for military and commercial applications has sharply increased the likelihood of personnel exposure
to laser light during operations. The increased potential for human exposure highlights the fact that there is paucity of basic
science at the cell and molecular level concerning the effects of laser exposure of human cells. We assessed the sublethal insult
to human retinal pigment epithelial cells using a cadaver organ donor explant system for genes differentially expressed 12
hours post-exposure using gene expression microarray technology (gene chip). The 64 pulses of 532 nm light, 107 mJ per
square centimeter appeared to induce the cells into cessation of cell cycling. Notably several key genes involved in protein
degradation, the inflammatory response, translation initiation, DNA metabolism (repair/replication) and a remarkable
percentage of genes involved in ribosomal/translational machinery reconstruction were significantly up-regulationed (37% of
the first 100 genes) and also indicate that the ribosome may be the primary chromophore for damage in this exposure regime.
Genes up-regulated an order of magnitude are involved in prevention of oxidative damage (thioredoxin, 15 fold; glutathione
metabolism, 8 fold) Up-regulated genes involved in the elimination of denatured proteins provided strong evidence for
oxygen-related damage (hypoxia and/or ROS.)
DTIC
Exposure; Gene Expression; Genes; Laser Outputs; Light Beams; Pigments; Pulsed Lasers; Retina
20050010293 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA
Structural Inheritance in Yeast
Kennedy, Brian K., Author; Lockshon, Daniel, Author; Jul. 2004; 11 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0497
Report No.(s): AD-A427876; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The purpose of this project is to identify and characterize examples of structural inheritance in yeast that are not prions.
We described the first such phenomenon, Leu (exp p), and have made progress in this first year of funding in getting a nuclear
genetic ‘handle’ on its mechanistic basis by identifying strains that do not exhibit Leu(exp p). Our most significant advance
in this initial year has been the development of the peroxisome as a system to study structural inheritance. We have screened
the yeast deletion collection to identify the entire set of genes required for maintenance of the peroxisome. These strains are
then to be intercrossed to attempt to identify unlinked non-complementation of deletion alleles. If cytoduction reconstitutes
a peroxisome in such doubly heterozygous deletion diploids, structural templating will have been demonstrated. If unlinked
non-complementation is not observed for the peroxisome mutants, other structures of yeast will be examined for structural
inheritance. The proposal presented initial experiments suggesting that the vacuole exhibits structural inheritance, but further
work has not borne this out. In the course of that vacuole work, however, an interesting mating phenomenon was discovered
which, although it doesn’t bear on the issue of structural inheritance, will result in a publication.
DTIC
Genetics; Mitochondria; Yeast
20050010294 Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI USA
Eicosanoid Regulation of Prostate Cancer Progression: Disruption of Hemidesmosomes and Collaboration in Tumor
Invasive Growth
Honn, Kenneth V., Author; Mar. 2004; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0102
Report No.(s): AD-A427877; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
86
During the progression of human PCa, hemidesmosomes are lost. Hemidesmosomes are adhesion structures that anchor
epithelial cells to basement membrane and function as a tumor suppressor. We found that 12-lipoxygenase directly interacts
with beta4 integrin. We hypothesize that an increase in 12-LOX activity can cause the disassembly of hemidesmosomes,
mobilization of alpha6beta4 integrin from hemidesmosomes to other parts of the cell membrane, and stimulate tumor invasive
growth. We proposed to conduct a correlation study using clinical tumor specimens. We will study whether 12(S)-HETE can
disrupt hemidesmosomes and whether 12-LOX inhibitors promote the formation of hemidesmosomes. Then we will study the
underlying signaling pathway, especially PKCalpha, initiated by 12(S)-HETE, in the disassembly of hemidesmosomes. Next
we will overexpress beta4 integrin and study the role of the interaction between 12-LOX and beta4 integrin in the adhesion,
proliferation, migration, and survival, in response to HGF/SF. Finally we will xenograft these transfected cells into mice, to
evaluate whether any phenotypic changes of tumor cells in vitro can be recapitulated in vivo. The work will significantly
advance our understanding about the complex process of prostate cancer progression as well as the possible role played by
dietary fat in the progression of prostate cancer.
DTIC
Cancer; Epithelium; In Vitro Methods and Tests; In Vivo Methods and Tests; Prostate Gland; Tumors
20050010295 California Univ., Berkeley, CA USA
New Structural Approaches to Understanding the Disease Related Forms of the Prion Protein
Wemmer, David E., Author; Jul. 2004; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0476
Report No.(s): AD-A427878; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Expression constructs have been prepared in order to generate the 89-143 fragment of the prion protein with isotopic
labels using either in vitro translation or expression in E.coli cells. Initial testing of expression has been done. Conditions have
been investigated for rapidly dissolving fibrils of PrP(89-143) and proteolytically fragmenting them for mass spectroscopic
analysis to probe the extent of hydrogen exchange of backbone amides with deuterated water solvent. Conditions for
complementary NMR analysis using organic solvent to dissolve the fibrils have also been investigated in a related model
system, TTR. Solid state NMR measurements have been done with synthesized PrP(89-143) peptides incorporating specific
13C labels. These measurements probe the conformation around glycine residues in addition to several other backbone sites
in the segment from residue 112 to 123. These measurements indicate that residues in this section of PrP(89- 143) are primarily
extended beta structure in fibrils, though G113 may be less ordered or part of a turn.
DTIC
Diseases; Escherichia; Hydrogen; In Vitro Methods and Tests; Peptides; Proteins; Solvents
20050010296 Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL USA
Role of IKKs and Transcription Factor NF-kB in Prostate Tumorigenesis
Budunova, Irina, Author; May 2004; 16 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0015
Report No.(s): AD-A427879; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The overall goal of this project is to understand the role of up-stream IkB kinases and NF-xB ‘survival signaling’ pathway
in tumorigenesis in prostate. We found previously that NF-kB was constitutively activated in human androgen-independent
prostate carcinoma (PC) cell lines due to the activation of IKKalpha/beta kinases. We have generated clones of PC cells
transfected with IKK d.n. mutants but in most of those clones the expression of IKKbeta d.n. and IKKalpha d.n. mutants
significantly decreased during cell cultivation. To overcome the transgene silencing, we have undertaken an alternative
approach and performed the experiments with highly specific chemical inhibitor of IKKbeta, PS1145. We found that PS1145
inhibited basal and inducible NF-kB in PC cells, sensitized PC cells to apoptosis, and reduced their metastatic potential. We
have also started to generate inducible IKKalpha d.n. and IKKbeta d.n. constructs using retroviral Tet-On expression system
(Clontech Laboratories). We also studied the expression of IKKs and NF-kB in prostate tissues. The analysis of
immunostaining of NF-kB and IKK proteins in BPH (benign prostate hyperplasia) and PC samples has revealed modest
increase of p65 expression in advanced PCs. There were no significant changes in the expression of p50 and IKKbeta in PC
in comparison to BPH. P52 expression was significantly higher in high grade PCs in comparison to BPH and low grade PCs.
Importantly we found frequent nuclear localization of p52 in PCs. In some tumors p52 immunostaining pattern correlated with
IKKalpha expression, and especially with the level of IKKalpha/beta phosphorylation.
DTIC
Cancer; Prostate Gland
87
20050010297 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA
The Role of Myoepithelial Maspin in Breast Carcinoma Progression, Diagnosis, and Screening
Barsky, Sanford H., Author; Aug. 2004; 206 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0176
Report No.(s): AD-A427884; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy
In glandular organs, precancerous state precedes invasive carcinoma. In the breast this state is recognized as DCIS and
consists of an epithelial cell proliferation confined by myoepithelial cells. Our laboratory has established cell line/xenografts
of myoepithelial cells. Our myoepithelial cell lines inhibit invasion and motility of breast carcinoma lines in vitro largely
through maspin. The overall hypothesis of this proposal was how does myoepithelial maspin regulate breast (DClS) carcinoma
progression and can its detection in fine needle aspirates (FNA) and in ductal fluid abet diagnosis and screening? The first aim
addressed the mechanism of maspin’s inhibition of breast carcinoma invasion: We have shown that myoepithelial maspin does
bind to plasma membranes of carcinoma cells and inhibit a pathway involved in cellular locomotion. Using differential display
and microarray analysis we have further characterized the pathway(s) involved. The second aim utilized maspin antibodies on
FNA to identify the myoepithelial component and we have further demonstrated with larger number of samples that this
approach is successful. The third aim investigated the levels of maspin in nipple aspirates, in ductal lavage fluid and saliva.
We have shown that maspin is both a tumor marker as well as a surrogate intermediate end point marker.
DTIC
Antibodies; Breast; Cancer; Diagnosis; Enzyme Activity; Epithelium; Inhibitors; Mammary Glands
20050010298 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
Genetic Variation in the HSD3B2 Gene and Prostate Cancer
Reichardt, Juergen K., Author; Jul. 2004; 60 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0099
Report No.(s): AD-A427886; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American men. It is also characterized by a substantial racial/ethnic
variation in risk: highest in African-American men, lowest in Asian men and intermediate in Caucasian and Latino men. We
propose to investigate genetic variants of genes involved in the regulation of prostatic growth and particularly in androgen
metabolism, particularly the HSD3B2 gene which encodes the type II b-hydoxysteroid dehydrogenase. Our final progress
reported is highlighted by the following four findings. First, our data indicate that the locus under investigation is highly
polymorphic in constitutional DNA and mutated in tumor (i.e. somatic) DNA. Second, our population-based investigations are
complete. Third, we will complete the biochemical analyses soon. Finally, we note that we have also investigated transcription
of the HSD3B2 gene and found that YY1 binding is important.
DTIC
Cancer; Genes; Genetics; Prostate Gland
20050010300 Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA USA
Synthesis of Estrogen Receptor Beta Selective 17-Substituted Estradiols for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Tongcharoensirikul, Pakamas, Author; Feb. 2004; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0116
Report No.(s): AD-A427891; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Recent evidence of the presence of ER alpha and ER beta messages in prostatic tissues has appeared recently. Evidence
suggested that Estrogen Receptor beta (ER beta) is down regulated during the precancerous prostate intraepithelium neoplasia
(PIN) and reappear during the metastatic PC alpha. The applicant has proposed to synthesized novel selective ER beta agonist
based on the lead structure l7betaEstradiol, the Estrogen Receptor endogeneous ligand. The applicant has successfully
synthesized the first generation of compounds with various aromatic moieties next to the l7alpha-vinyl of estradiol. lH NMR
studies show promising results that different aromatic moieties have different electronics influence on the vinyl proton signals
which could suggest the selectivity toward ER alpha or ER beta. These results will be confirmed by biological assay which
is in progress.
DTIC
Biosynthesis; Cancer; Estrogens; Prostate Gland
88
20050010301 Nebraska Univ., Omaha, NE USA
Breast Cancer Training Program
Cowan, Kenneth H., Author; Shull, James D., Author; Aug. 2004; 93 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0361
Report No.(s): AD-A427894; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy
The Breast Cancer Training Program (BCTP) in the Eppley Cancer Institute of the University of Nebraska Medical Center
offers predoctoral and postdoctoral trainees a comprehensive training environment in breast cancer by supporting, in part, an
outstanding breast cancer seminar program, a short course in cancer biology, a breast cancer focus group and by providing
stipend support to trainees performing research that is highly relevant to breast cancer. In the four years of this award we have
provided stipends to nine predoctoral and twelve postdoctoral trainees. Five of nine predoctoral trainees have completed their
graduate training and have secured postdoctoral positions in outstanding laboratories in research areas directly related to breast
cancer. Five postdoctoral trainees have moved to other institutions and seven remain in training. Publications in highly ranked
journals are beginning to result from the research of the BCTP trainees. Though DOD funding for the BCTP is ending, the
program will continue and tbe program faculty will seek resources elsewhere to continue student and postdoctoral training in
breast cancer research.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Education; Mammary Glands
20050010305 Alabama Univ., Birmingham, AL USA
Targeted Gene Therapy for Breast Cancer
Ponnazhagan, Selvarangan, Author; Jun. 2004; 77 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0267
Report No.(s): AD-A427915; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy
From the studies performed during the last one year, we determined the effects of AAV-mediated anti-angiogenic gene
therapy as a combination therapy to chemotherapy. Based on the kinetics of rAAV transgene expression and the requirement
of second-strand synthesis as a rate-limiting step, we continued our studies in a prevention model. Also we continued to use
the cell line SKOV3.ipl instead of human breast cancer cell lines to avoid time delay due to slower growth kinetics in vivo.
rAAV-encoding angiostatin and endostatin was injected prior to tumor cell implantation. Three weeks following vector
administration, 10(exp6)SKOV3.ipl cells were implanted. Cohorts of mice also received no vector treatment, rAAV-GFP
(non-specific vector control), chemotherapy alone, or a combination of rAAV endostatin+angiostatin and chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy was administered during the first week after tumor implantation by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg taxol.
Based on the results of these studies, we inferred the potential of AAV-mediated anti-angiogenic gene therapy in combination
with chemotherapy. In the next year, we will determine whether such a combination therapy would provide regression of
established tumors.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Gene Therapy; Genes; Mammary Glands; Therapy
20050010306 Duke Univ., Durham, NC USA
The Role of GADD34 (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible Protein) in Regulating Apoptosis, Proliferation, and
Protein Synthesis in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Weiser, Douglas C., Author; Jul. 2004; 11 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0378
Report No.(s): AD-A427916; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
GADD34 is a stress-induced proteins implicated in the control of protein synthesis and apoptosis. It is a major target of
the oncogene c-myc. Myc is widely implicated in breast cancer and potently inhibits GADD34 expression. The goal of this
proposal is to better understand the mechanism of GADD34 induced apoptosis and the implications of this to human breast
cancer. Toward this goal we have analyzed the regulation of eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation by GADD34 and by its binding
partner Inhibitor-I. We have demonstrated that proper subcellular localization of GADD34 is necessary for function. We have
identified a novel domain that targets GADD34 to the endoplasmic reticulum, and a domain involved in PP1 binding. We also
examined the role of 1-1, a GADD34 interacting protein that inhibits PP1, in inhibiting eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation and
identified a novel domain necessary for the in vivo function of 1-1. We also demonstrated that this domain is absent in 2
alternate splice forms of 1-1, 1-1 alpha and 1-1 beta, which are weaker inhibitors of eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation. We have
also demonstrated that GADD34 protein levels are elevated in human cancer cells in response to a variety of stressed.
Interestingly, p38 MAP kinase is required for GADD34 induction by aresnite, but not endoplasmic-reticulum stress. GADD34
89
is also a rapidly degraded protein, consistent with a temporal regulation of stress-signaling. This work has lead to a better
understanding of GADD34 function in cancer cell, and may lead to better anti-breast-cancer drugs targeting this apoptotic
pathway.
DTIC
Apoptosis; Breast; Cancer; Damage; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Mammary Glands; Protein Synthesis; Proteins
20050010308 Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond, VA USA
Regulation of Sphingosine Kinase in Prostate Cancer Cells
Maceyka, Michael W., Author; Mar. 2004; 14 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0240
Report No.(s): AD-A427918; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and its product sphingosine 1-phosphate have been shown to promote cell growth and
inhibit apoptosis of tumor cells (reviewed in 1) . SphK1 has been shown to be responsible for radioresistance of certain
prostate cancer cells 2. To better understand SphK1 regulation, we undertook a two-hybrid screen for SphK1-interacting
proteins. In the first report period, we focused on one of these interactors, aminoacylase 1. This work will not be discussed
as it has been accepted for publication (appendix A) . In this report period we studied a second interacting protein, filamin A.
We show that SphK1 physically interacts with both the fragment of filamin found in the two-hybrid screen and full length.
Though both C-terminal and full length proteins reduce SphK1 activity measured in vitro, the C-terminal fragment inhibits
while the full length potentiates the effects of SphK1 on TNF-alpha signaling and motility. We further demonstrate that filamin
is required for ligand-induced motility as well as activation of SphK1. Moreover, siRNA against SphK1 suggests the
SphK1-filamin interaction is required for motility, indicating possible anti-metastasis drug targets.
DTIC
Cancer; Prostate Gland; Proteins
20050010309 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA
Arginase: A Novel Proliferative Determinant in Prostate Cancer
Grody, Wayne W., Author; Apr. 2004; 25 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0201
Report No.(s): AD-A427919; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This project is an investigation of the involvement of the enzyme arginase type II (All) in the pathogenesis and growth
of prostate cancer. Having recently cloned the All gene in our laboratory, we unexpectedly discovered that it is expressed at
high levels in the normal prostate and even higher in neoplastic prostate samples. The purpose of the present research funded
by USAMRMC is to examine the expression of All in a wider range of benign and malignant prostate specimens and cultured
cells to determine its usefulness as a novel marker of prostatic neoplasia and the extent of its involvement in cancer
pathogenesis. We will also explore whether specific chemical and molecular inhibitors of arginase and several related enzymes
in the polyamine metabolic pathway might suppress or arrest the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro or in vivo. This first
annual report describes our progress to date in developing the overexpression and inhibitory vector constructs needed for the
research, our initial optimization of gene transfer techniques in prostatic cancer cells, and characterization of arginase and
related enzymes in prostate cancer lines of various degrees of differentiation.
DTIC
Cancer; Determinants; Enzymes; Prostate Gland
20050010310 Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA USA
Treatment Decisions in Localized Prostate Cancer: Patient Partner and Physician
Armstrong, Katrina, Author; Apr. 2004; 49 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0097
Report No.(s): AD-A427921; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
‘Treatment Decisions in Localized Prostate Cancer: Patient, Partner and Physician,’ is a project that used a cross-sectional
survey to explore the role of the patient, partner and physician in decisions about treatment of localized prostate cancer. The
rationale for this study was based upon the significant uncertainty about the optimal treatment for localized prostate cancer
and the need to include patients and partners in the decision making process. The study examined the effect of preferences
and perceived preferences among patients, partners and physicians on treatment decisions, decision satisfaction and decision
process. In the first six months of the project, survey instruments were developed, pilot tested and refined. Data collection
90
began in November 2000 and terminated in October 2003 after data was collected from 233 patients, 132 spouses and 14
urologists (who saw 184 of the study patients). Although data analysis continues, numerous interesting results have been found
to date, including poor knowledge of the common treatment options among patients, the impact of various decision factors
on the choice of surgery, urologists misjudging their patients concerns and preferences, a strong influence of urologists’
treatment recommendations on treatment choices, and an important role of the patient’s spouse in the treatment decision. Many
of these results have been presented at academic meetings and are in the process of being submitted for publication.
DTIC
Cancer; Clinical Medicine; Patients; Physicians; Prostate Gland
20050010311 State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, Amherst, NY USA
Organic Isothiocyanates: Dietary Modulators of Doxorubicin Resistance in Breast Cancer
Morris, Marilyn E., Author; Jun. 2004; 207 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0376
Report No.(s): AD-A427922; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy
Drug resistance is the main cause for therapeutic failure and death in breast cancer. Our goal is to evaluate dietary organic
isothiocyanates (ITCs) as inhibitors of MDR. Our studies have demonstrated that phenethyl ITC (PEITC), benzyl ITC (BITC)
and naphthyl ITC (NITC) can inhibit P-glycoprotein-, Multidrug Resistance-associated protein (MRPl)- and Breast Cancer
Resistance Protein (BCRP)-mediated efflux, in cell lines that overexpress these transport proteins. Studies evaluating the
mechanism of this interaction have suggested that PEITC is an inhibitor, but not a substrate for P-gp. PEITC represents a
substrate for BCRP, and alters MRPl-mediated transport through binding interactions, as well as depletion of the cofactor for
transport, glutathione. HPLC assays have been developed to determine the concentrations of these ITOs in biological samples,
and a novel LC/MS/MS assay developed for PEITC, in order to obtain the needed specificity and sensitivity for in vivo studies.
The stability and pharmacokinetics of NITC and PEITC have been determined for the first time. These studies represent the
first report of inhibition of the ABC efflux proteins, P-glycoprotein, MRPl and BCRP, which are important determinants of
MDR. The ITCs may represent a new class of inhibitors of MDR in breast cancer.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Diets; Drugs; Mammary Glands; Modulators
20050010312 Lafayette Coll., Easton, PA USA
Targeted Disruption of Tumor-Derived Chemokine Synthesis and Reversal of Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression
Kurt, Robert A., Author; Jul. 2004; 29 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0288
Report No.(s): AD-A427923; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Chemokines play a pivotal role in the maturation of the immune system, and in the initiation, and maintenance of an
immune response. Because of their key role in the immune response, the aberrant expression of chemokines can have a
profound effect on the ability of T cells to respond to antigen. We have found that several breast cancer cell lines produced
chemokines capable of recruiting T cells. However, instead of increasing anti-tumor immunity, the tumor-derived chemokines
may have prevented an effective immune response by desensitizing T-cell chemokine receptors. Our hypothesis is that
disrupting the synthesis of tumor-derived chemokines (using anti-sense technology) will remove tumor-induced immune
suppression and enhance the immunogenicity of the tumor. In order to test this hypothesis we generated stable clones that lack
CCL2 and CCL5 production compared to the parental tumor cell line. Using these tumors we found that both CCL2 and CCL5
impair the T cell response to the murine mammary carcinoma 4Tl. Moreover, tumor-derived CCL5 impaired T cell
chemotactic activity and enhanced growth of the tumor in vivo. In addition, we found that tumor-derived CXCL 1 acts as an
autocrine growth factor and angiogenesis factor for 4T 1.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Lymphocytes; Mammary Glands; Tumors
20050010313 Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL USA
TRAIL: A Novel Therapeutic Agent for Prostate Cancer
Li, Honglin, Author; May 2004; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0042
Report No.(s): AD-A427925; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This study aims to elucidate the signaling pathway of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, and to examine
91
the therapeutic effect of TRAIL on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that most of prostate cancer cells such
as androgen-independent PC-3 and DU145 cells are sensitive to TRAIL treatment while normal prostate epithelial cells are
resistant. This result indicates that TRAIL may be appropriate agent for treatment of late-stage prostate cancer with no
cytotoxicity to normal prostate cells. Further investigation on the molecular mechanism of TRAIL resistance revealed that the
elevated eNOS activity by Akt phosphorylation may partially contribute to Akt-mediated TRAIL resistance in LNCaP cells.
We also found that chemotherapeutic agents such as etoposide (DNA topoisomearse II inhibitor) and VELCADE (proteasome
inhibitor) sensitized PC cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Our further study indicated that JNK and JNK-mediated BID
cleavage may play an important role in synergistic effect between VELCADE and TRAIL.
DTIC
Apoptosis; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Drugs; Prostate Gland; Therapy
20050010316 Dana Farber Cancer Inst., Boston, MA USA
Initiating Events in Prostate Cancer: The Role of Somatic activation of Beta-Catenin
Khazaie, Khashayarsha, Author; Zhang, Gouying, Author; L. Chen, Mei, Author; Pittet, Mikael, Author; Apr. 2004; 17 pp.;
In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0210
Report No.(s): AD-A427939; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Murine models of prostate cancer have been developed that rely on the somatic activation of beta-catenin. The approach
employs Cre-loxP mediated targeted genetic recombination of the Catnb+lox(ex3) locus. Expression of Cre was targeted
specifically to the prostate secretory epithelium using androgen responsive minimal probasin (PB) or prostate specific antigen
(PSA) gene promoters. Lesions produced by PB-Cre were limited in comparison to the previously reported MMTV-Cre mice,
while PSA-Cre caused highly inflamed and invasive lesions. In contrast to the MMTV-Cre, no squamous metaplasia was
produced by the PB- or PSA-Cre. No lesions were detected with K14-Cre mice, that target expression of Cre to basal cells.
These observations are likely to be related to the type of cells or stages of differentiation targeted by each promoter. The
ontogeny of PINs and carcinomas are being traced, using simultaneous Cre dependent expression of lacZ. In a limited screen
of clinical histology samples, stabilization of beta-catenin in PIN lesions was readily detected in some but not all PIN lesions.
NKCCl was generally not extinguished in human PINs, as well as in murine prostate cancers caused by genetic alterations
other than (beta-catenin (SV4O-T, or active AKT). Potential cross talk of the beta-catenin and Pl3kinase signaling pathways,
and downstream gene targets in prostate cancer are under investigation.
DTIC
Cancer; Initiation; Prostate Gland
20050010317 Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem, Israel
Development of a Rapid and Sensitive Test for the Detection of Prions in Cultured Cells
Taraboulos, Albert, Author; Jul. 2004; 38 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0288
Report No.(s): AD-A427943; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This project endeavors to create cell culture systems for the sensitive and rapid detection of prions. We have proposed
to achieve this task by improving steps and components involved (i) in the infection of cells with prions, (ii) in the
amplification of prions by cells, and (iii) in the detection of infected cells, To achieve these aims, we are trying to: 1. Identify
or create improved cell lines that are more susceptible to prion infection. 2. Improve the delivery of prions to cells by
improving their presentation and method of administration, 3. Increase the level of prion/Prp(exp SC) amplification in the
infected cells. 4. Design better ways to detect prion infection in cells, either by increasing the formation of PrP(exp SC) or
by devising new, non-PrP(exp SC) surrogate’ markers.
DTIC
Accelerated Life Tests; Cells (Biology); Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Sensitivity
20050010318 Burnham Inst., La Jolla, CA USA
Cripto: A Target for Breast Cancer Treatment
Adamson, Eileen D., Author; Jun. 2004; 54 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0165
Report No.(s): AD-A427946; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
Cripto is a growth factor that is important in breast cancer, leading to increases in cell proliferation and to increased
92
survival of cells. Specific receptors for this factor have not been defined for breast cells but there is evidence from published
work that Cripto acts as a co-factor for the Nodal factor, previously thought to be present and active only in early embryonic
development. This work will define the importance of this route of Cripto signaling in breast cells compared with the other
known route involving Ras and the MAPK/Erk pathway. A number of possible ways that Cripto could effect a proliferative
signal to breast cells has been described by the PI in a review article previously reported and published in J Cell Physiol. 190,
26%-2%8. The experimental studies for exploring the mechanism of activation of breast cancer cells by Cripto is described
for the first year of the experimental work, with the aim of making peptides that block Cripto and its tumorigenic effects.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Targets
20050010319 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA
Quality of Breast Cancer Care: The Role of Hispanic Ethnicity, Language, and Socioeconomic Position
Tisnado, Diana, Author; Kahn, Katherine L., Author; Jun. 2004; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0328
Report No.(s): AD-A427950; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Socioeconomic position (SEP) refers to a range of dimensions that describe absolute and relative position in society
including income, education, poverty, deprivation, and social status. The ultimate goal of the proposed work is to inform our
understanding of racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer care and the contribution of SEP and linguistic barriers,
particularly for Hispanic women. This work has the potential to contribute to our understanding of disparities in breast cancer
care, and to inform strategies to improve access to and quality of care for all women with breast cancer.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Economics; Health; Mammary Glands
20050010320 Texas Univ., Houston, TX USA
Cellular Mechanisms Regulating Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator in Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer: A
Novel Therapeutic Target
Gallick, Gary E., Author; Jul. 2004; 39 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0524
Report No.(s): AD-A427951; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This research had as its goal inhibiting the expression of two pathways critical to prostate cancer progression, one
mediated by the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met, and the second mediated by urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) . Each
pathway has been demonstrated to be important to prostate tumor progression, and further, they may be related, i.e., increased
c-Met expression leads directly to increased uPa expression. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship
between uPa and c-Met expression and prostate tumor progression. By using various strategies to inhibit these molecules, the
second purpose was to determine if decreased tumor growth and/or tumor progression would result. Thus, the scope of the
work utilized human prostate tumor cell lines, and examine in vitro and in vivo the effects of in habiting these pathways. We
have demonstrated that inhibition of c-Met results in inhibition of growth at the primary tumor site and significantly, prevents
development of lymph node metastases in an Orthotopic nude mouse model. Inhibition of uPaR also inhibits metastatic
growth. UPaR expression increases in clinical specimens of more progressed disease. Thus, c-Met and UPAR contribute to
CaP progression and further development of inhibitors for these enzymes is promising for CaP treatment.
DTIC
Activation; Anatomy; Cancer; Clinical Medicine; Cytology; Enzymes; Hormones; Lymph; Metastasis; Prostate Gland;
Refractories; Targets; Therapy
20050010321 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD USA
Antineoplastic Efficacy of Novel Polyamine Analogues in Human Breast Cancer
Huang, Yi, Author; Jun. 2004; 24 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0376
Report No.(s): AD-A427952; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The important role of polyamines in regulation of cell growth has led to the development of a number of polyamine
analogues that can intervene in natural polyamine metabolism and inhibit the growth of tumor cells. This proposal was
designed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic efficacy of new generation of polyamine analogues in
treatment of human breast cancer. In the first year of this award, we have performed the preliminary study of the in vitro and
93
in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of novel polyamine analogues in breast cancer cells (Clin. Cancer. Res., 9: 2769, 2003) and
continued on the investigation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by
polyamine analogues. Our studies indicate that polyamine analogue-inducible AP- 1 plays a pro-survival role in polyamine
analogue treated breast cancer cell. (Mol. Cancer Res., 2: 81, 2004). Our studies also showed that activation of the p53 is
important for the induction of polyamine analogue-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis, whereas JNK/Jun signaling
pathway may negatively regulate p53 (unpublished). These data suggest that p53 and JNK/Jun pathways may be the useful
molecular targets for improving the therapeutic efficacy of polyamine analogues in human breast cancer.
DTIC
Analogs; Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands
20050010322 Rochester Univ., NY USA
Role of PTPase LAR in EGF Receptor in the Mammary Gland
Mooney, Robert A., Author; Jun. 2004; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0423
Report No.(s): AD-A427953; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important mediator of breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis.
While much is known about EGFR signal transduction related to its tyrosine kinase activity, less is known about the protein
tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) which must be present to modulate the cellular effects of the EGFR by dephosphorylating the
receptor and its substrates. Evidence derived from several approaches suggests that the transmembrane PTP LAR may be
involved in EGFR signaling in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. The hypothesis to be tested in this proposal
is that LAR plays an important role in EGFR-dependent mammary gland development and tumorigenesis through negative
modulation of EGFR signal transduction. In year 2, we demonstrated that LAR expression is regulated by cell density, with
concentrations increasing markedly as cell density increases. Functional E-cadherin complexes are necessary for this effect.
Additionally, we showed that cell contact inhibits EGF- dependent proliferation in MCF10A mammary tumor cells and is
mediated at the level of Akt activation. E-cadherin complexes are presumed to be the mediators of this cell contact inhibition.
In year 3, we have shown that cell contact inhibition of Akt blocks the cell cycle. The central role of Akt regulation in this
pathway is confirmed by recapitulating the effect with an adenovirus-mediated expression of a dominant negative Akt. Finally,
transgenic expression of LAR in mammary epithelium under the MMTV promoter did not generate abnormal rates of
spontaneous tumors. Taken together, these data indicate that the critical regulation of EGF signaling is not at the receptor via
LAR but downstream at Akt.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands
20050010323 California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA USA
Computational Model Optimization for Enzyme Design Applications
Mayo, Stephen L., Author; Greengard, Leslie F., Author; Honig, Barry H., Author; Oct. 2004; 5 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0291
Report No.(s): AD-A427954; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0572; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
The major accomplishments of this project are the development of a two-body-decomposable electrostatic potential
energy function that accurately reproduces continuum electrostatic energies computed using the finite difference PoissonBoltzmann (PB) method, and the enhancement of the activity of the naturally occurring E. coli chorismate mutase (EcCM)
enzyme through computational design. Although the stated milestone of creating a novel chorismate mutase (CM) was not
achieved, the enhancement of the underlying computational model through the development of the two-body PB method will
facilitate the future design of novel protein catalysts.
DTIC
Enzymes; Optimization; Proteins
20050010326 University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
Improving Breast Cancer Research Through Automated Matching of Patients to Clinical Trials
Hall, Lawrence O., Author; Goldgof, Dmitry B., Author; Krischer, Jeffrey, Author; Aug. 2004; 46 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0244
Report No.(s): AD-A427957; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
An enhanced Web based prototype intelligent agent/expert system for matching breast cancer patients to clinical trials has
94
been built. It allows for cost preferences to be entered. Therefore, the system user can choose to rule patients out of trials as
quickly as possible without regard to the cost of tests necessary to do this. A user can choose to have questions appear so that
the patient is ruled out of the trial with the minimal set of costs (tests) or can choose some combination of approaches. The
system has been tested with 15 protocols and designed for maximal responsiveness and scalability as new protocols are added.
The files of 178 former patients have been used to test the accuracy of the system. Additionally, the files of 213 current patients
have been tested for eligibility. Patients for each of the protocols were correctly found eligible for one or more trials. We found
240 new matching clinical trials for the 213 current patients. A probabilistic prototype system has been developed to reorder
questions based on the probability they will determine the patient is ineligible for trial and preliminary experiments have
shown up to 13% less questions will be required on average. It can also indicate the probability of patients being eligible for
protocols. We have also developed a prototype system to quickly add new clinical trials. This has been successfully used by
novices to enter new trials.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Expert Systems; Mammary Glands; Patients
20050010327 State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
Environmental Exposures at Birth and at Menarche and Risk of Breast Cancer
Freudenheim, Jo. L., Author; Jun. 2004; 208 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0417
Report No.(s): AD-A427958; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy
This population-based study examines early life exposure to environmental pollutants from industrial sites, toxic waste
sites and heavily trafficked roadways as risk factors for breast cancer; with a focus on exposure to benzene and phenylalanine
hydroxylase (PAHs). We have geocoded 15,340 individual addresses for 3,286 participants in Erie and Niagara counties in
New York State. A validation study assessed the positional accuracy of addresses geocoded on the Dynamap2000 using a
global positioning system receiver. Overall, geocoding was accurate. Analyses have been completed examining residential
proximity to industrial sites contracting with the US Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC), for exposure to total suspended
particulates (TSP), and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and breast cancer risk. Proximity to sites contracted
by USAEC was not associated with risk. Exposure to TSP in early life was associated with a 2.75-fold increase in risk for
postmenopausal women only. There was little evidence of an association between early life exposure to ETS and breast cancer.
Clustering analyses identified geographic patterns of residence for breast cancer cases and controls at critical time periods in
early life. These results provide evidence that environmental exposures in early life may be important for breast cancer risk.
DTIC
Birth; Breast; Cancer; Contaminants; Environmental Surveys; Exposure; Hazardous Wastes; Mammary Glands; Risk
20050010328 California Univ., San Francisco, CA USA
Exploring Women’s Perceptions of Their Risk of Developing Breast Cancer
Katapodi, Maria C., Author; May 2004; 54 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0356
Report No.(s): AD-A427959; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
The study aimed to 1) describe perceived breast cancer risk, 2) compare subjective and objective risk estimates, and 3)
examine the influence of heuristic reasoning in women’s arguments regarding their breast cancer risk. The survey uses three
probability scales (Verbal, Comparative, Numerical) and the Gail model to measure perceived and objective risk, respectively.
Aim 3 is addressed with Argument and Heuristic reasoning analysis, a method based on applied logic and used to identify
heuristics in narrative data. We recruited a multicultural sample of 184 English-speaking women (46112 years old) from
community settings to complete the survey. Fifty three of those women agreed to provide an in-depth interview. Most (49%)
had college education. Participants held an optimistic bias regarding their breast cancer risk. They believed their risk was
lower than average, they rated the risk for friends/peers higher than their own, and underestimated their objective risk.
Responses on the Verbal and Comparative scales were consistent, whereas Numerical risk ratings were influenced by
demographic characteristics. Older women and those with one affected first-degree relative did not perceive higher risk.
Experiences with affected family members and friends, and breast symptoms influence perceived risk though various
mechanisms, involving knowledge of risk factors and worry.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Females; Mammary Glands; Perception; Risk
95
20050010334 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
Benign Breast Disease: Toward Molecular Prediction of Breast Cancer Risk
Hartmann, Lynn C., Author; Jun. 2004; 32 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427975; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Optimal early detection and prevention strategies for breast cancer are predicated on our ability to identify individuals at
significantly increased risk for this disease. Unfortunately only a minority of the 200,000 women who are diagnosed with
breast cancer in the US each year are recognized as being at significantly increased risk. The purpose of this Center is to bring
molecular risk prediction for breast cancer into the clinical arena. This will require progress on three fronts of scientific
endeavor: (i) Establishment of a tissue repository of benign breast disease; (ii) Assessment of potential biomarkers of risk in
this tissue set and (iii) Discovery of new, potentially relevant biomarkers of risk. We have made good progress on our tissue
repository and have begun our biomarker studies. We completed the follow-up of the 1982-91 group (n = 5,181) and are in
process with the 1967-81 group (n = 6,102). A total of 762 cases of breast cancer were identified in this 25 year cohort. We
established a relational database in which data are entered on an ongoing basis. Benign histopathology has been characterized
for 80% of the 25 year cohort. We have begun the process of collecting fresh tissue for culturing in vitro.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Clinical Medicine; Mammary Glands; Risk
20050010337 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USA
Vitamin D Treatment of Prostate Cancer: The Inhibitory Role of IGFBP-3
Feldman, David, Author; Feb. 2004; 22 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0142
Report No.(s): AD-A427982; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Calcitriol plays a critical role in maintaining mineral homeostasis but also exhibits antiproliferative activity in many
cancers. We have shown that the antiproliferative actions of calcitriol in the LNCaP human prostate cancer (PCa) cell is
mediated in large part by induction of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). The purpose of this study was
to determine the molecular mechanism involved in calcitriol regulation of IGFBP-3 and to identify the putative vitamin D
response element (VDRE) in the IOFBP-3 promoter. We cloned 6 kb of the IGFBP-3 promoter and demonstrated its
responsiveness to calcitriol in transactivation assays. Computer analysis identified a putative VDRE between -32961/-3282
that is similar to other known VDREs. In gel shift assays the vitamin D receptor (VDR) showed strong calcitriol-dependent
binding to this putative VDRE. ChIP assay demonstrated that calcitriol recruited the VDR/RXR heterodimer to the VDRE site.
In transactivation as says the VDRE promoter was induced 2-fold by calcitriol. Mutations created in the VDRE resulted in
a loss of IGFBP-3 induction confirming the critical VDRE sequence. In conclusion, we have identified a functional VDRE in
the distal region of the human IGFBP-3 promoter that directly mediates the action of calcitriol.
DTIC
Calciferol; Cancer; Prostate Gland
20050010338 Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
Caveolin-1 Modulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Lu, Michael L., Author; Feb. 2004; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0017
Report No.(s): AD-A427983; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
In the current funding year, we focus our effort on proposed work for Tasks 2 and 3 to characterize both the functional
and physiological roles of caveolin in AR signaling. We have demonstrated a cross-talk between the caveolin-1/AR and PI3
kinase/Akt signal pathway in hormone dependent cell survival. Our results established a biochemical basis on the notion that
caveolin expression is associated with prostate cancer progression. The ‘neo-expression’ caveolin in advanced prostate cancer
represents a gain-of-function event in cancer progression. Moreover, these results illustrate the important role of AR
non-genomic effect in response to androgen stimulation. These findings pave the way to further define the underlying signal
cross-talk in AR-mediated signaling.
DTIC
Cancer; Hormones; Males; Prostate Gland
96
20050010339 Duke Univ., Durham, NC USA
Biological Basis for Chemoprevention of Ovarian Cancer
Berchuck, Andrew, Author; Oct. 2003; 34 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0666
Report No.(s): AD-A427988; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The rationale for ovarian cancer prevention is highlighted by the observations that pregnancy and birth control pill use
are strongly protective. To achieve a better understanding of the etiology of ovarian cancer, which can then be translated into
effective prevention strategies, we have initiated a case-control study that considers genetic susceptibility, epidemiologic risk
factors and acquired genetic alterations. Subjects are interviewed in their homes and about 650 cases and 650 controls have
been accrued thus far. Blood and cancer samples have been collected and molecular analyses of genetic polymorphisms
(BRCA1/2, progesterone receptor) have been performed. An initial ovarian cancer chemoprevention trial with levoneorestrel
in chickens demonstrated a protective effect and we have shown that progestin mediated apoptosis in the ovarian epithelium
is mediated by transforming growth factor-beta. In vitro data has suggested that vitamin D analogues may also represent
appealing chemopreventives. We are presently working towards a chemoprevention trial that will incorporate both progestins
and vitamin D analogues. We also are exploring novel therapeutic approaches for targeting the progesterone receptor. These
studies have the potential to increase our ability to identify high-risk women and to lead to the development of
chemoprevention strategies that might decrease mortality from this disease.
DTIC
Cancer; Ovaries
20050010343 Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA USA
Cognitive Performance Quality of Life and Psychosocial Adjustment Among Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation
Therapy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Shapiro, Pamela J., Author; Apr. 2004; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0138
Report No.(s): AD-A428002; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Animal models and naturalistic studies of androgen decline in aging men suggest that low testosterone levels contribute
to cognitive difficulties. Suppression of testosterone by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the preferred treatment for
advanced prostate cancer (PC) and in recent years has been increasingly prescribed for treatment of early stage PC. Although
many of the side effects of ADT are well documented, potential cognitive impairment associated with ADT has been neglected
in the literature. Our preexisting data indicate that 35% of men receiving ADT report moderate to sever difficulties with
attention, concentration, and memory. In addition to normal age-related declines in cognitive function, men receiving ADT
may experience hormone-related cognitive impairments that remain undetected and untreated. This study describes the nature
and prevalence of objectively assessed cognitive difficulties in PC patients treated with ADT, examines the relationship
between subjective reports of cognitive impairment and objective measurement of cognitive performance, and assesses
relationships among fatigue, psychological distress, and cognitive function. Preliminary results show that 58% of the men have
cognitive deficits greater than or equal to 1 SD below age- and education-adjusted population norms in one or more cognitive
domains, and 92% have at least one area of performance greater than or equal to 1 SD below expected functioning based on
estimated premorbid IQ.
DTIC
Cancer; Deprivation; Human Beings; Males; Mental Performance; Prostate Gland; Therapy
20050010344 Colorado Univ., Denver, CO USA
Treatment for Recurrent Vulvovaginitis Candidiasis: An Overview of Traditional and Alternative Therapies
Wilson, Candy S., Author; Nov. 2004; 18 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A428003; CI04-902; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The diagnosis of recurrent vulvaginitis caused by candida can be frustrating and challenging for the women who suffer.
There is limited research available to inform health care providers about the effectiveness of alternative therapies and this
limits the amount of evidenced based information nurse practitioners can provide to their patients. However, many of the
therapies listed in this article have provided some or complete relief from recurrent or chronic suffers of vulvovaginitis
candidiasis.
DTIC
Fungi; Therapy
97
20050010345 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN USA
New Forcefields and Algorithms for Computational Protein Design
Sapiro, Guillermo, Author; Jan. 2003; 3 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0279; Proj-P956
Report No.(s): AD-A428012; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0584; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
This seed project has achieved its short-term and long-term goals. In the short-term, we have developed novel techniques
for protein-protein docking and for studying conformation spaces. In the long-term, we have started a fruitful collaboration
between a biochemist (Prof Baker) and a computational/theory researcher (Prof Sapiro). Prof Sapiro and two of his students
(D. Rother and P. Lloyd) visited Prof Baker and his group a number of times (2-3 times each) during the year of this project.
DTIC
Algorithms; Proteins
20050010346 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA
Quantifying the Effects of Preventive Foods on the Metabolism of a Prostate Carcinogen in Humans and in Prostate
Cells Grown in Culture
Felton, James S., Author; Apr. 2004; 81 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0011
Report No.(s): AD-A428020; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy
We are investigating the effects of foods associated with reduced prostate cancer risk on a cooked meat carcinogen known
to be associated with elevated cancer risk. Cooked muscle meats contain potent mutagens and carcinogens belonging to the
heterocyclic amine class of compounds. One of these, PhIP, is a genotoxic carcinogen that has been shown to cause DNA
damage in prostate tissue and prostate tumor formation in rats. We have developed a method to quantify urinary metabolites
of PhIP in human volunteers that have been fed a meal of cooked chicken. Using this method, we have shown that PhIP
metabolism may be affected by diet and lifestyle factors and that broccoli, soy, and tomatoes may influence the relative
amounts of PhIP metabolite excretion. At the cellular level we investigated the metabolism of PhIP in human prostate cancer
cells and investigated the relationship between DNA damage and gene expression. This research uses state-of-the-art analytical
measurement methods to support conclusions about the role of diet and prostate cancer in humans. Although still preliminary,
our results indicate that other components of the diet may have an effect on the metabolism of a commonly-occurring food
carcinogen.
DTIC
Cancer; Carcinogens; Diets; Metabolism; Prostate Gland
20050010347 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
Estrogen and Breast Cancer
Russo, Jose, Author; Jul. 2004; 67 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0247
Report No.(s): AD-A428032; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
In the present work we demonstrate that estradiol and its metabolites mainly 4-OH estradiol are able to induce
transformation phenotypes in the human breast epithelial cells (HBEC) MCF-lOF. MCFlOF cells is ER-alpha negative,
although, they ER-beta positive that could indicate that the response of the cells to growth and form colonies in agar methocel
could be mediated by this receptor. However, the Invasion phenotype is not modified when the cells are treated in presence
of tamoxifen or ICI, suggesting that other pathways may be involved. With the data presently available the direct effect of
4-OH-E2 support the concept that metabolic activation of estrogens mediated by various cytochrome P45O complexes,
generating through this pathway reactive intermediates that elicit direct genotoxic effects leading to transformation. This
assumption was confirmed when we found that all the transformation phenotypes induced by 4-OH-E2 were not abrogated
when this compound was used in presence of the pure antiestrogenic ICI. We have detected loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in
ch13q12.2-12.3 (D13S893) and in ch17q21.1 that has been reported in primary breast cancer, that the changes are similar to
those induced by the chemical carcinogen (BP) and that the genomic changes were not abrogated by antiestrogens.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Estrogens; Mammary Glands
98
20050010348 California Univ., Berkeley, CA USA
Induction of Apoptosis by Targeting the Microtubule Network: Using HIV Tat as a Model System
Chen, Dan, Author; Zhou, Qiang, Author; Apr. 2004; 21 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0321
Report No.(s): AD-A428033; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-l) is the etiological agent for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS). HIV-1 encodes a small trans-acting regulatory protein, Tat, which is absolutely essential for viral replication and is
conserved in the genomes of all primate lentiviruses (Jones and Peterlin, 1994). A primary role of Tat is in regulating
productive and processive transcription from the HIV-l long terminal repeat (LTR). The past decade has been a watershed for
the biochemical analysis of the mechanism of Tat stimulation of HIV-l transcription. In addition to this HIV-l-speciflc activity,
Tat has also been shown to impinge upon many cellular functions, some of which are consistent with the fact that Tat can be
secreted by the HIV infected cells and act upon the neighboring bystander cells (Frankel and Pabo, 1988; Ensoli et al., 1990;
Ensoli et al., 1993). Although the mechanisms for the secretion and uptake of Tat are mostly unclear, it is these unique
properties that enable Tat to regulate cytokine gene expression and immune cell hyperactivation (Ott et a!. , 1997), stimulate
the growth of Kaposi’s sarcoma cells (Ensoli et a!., 1990) and induce apoptosis of uninfected T cells (Li et a!,, 1995;
Westendorp et a!., 1995; Bartz and Emerman, 1999). Apoptosis contributes to the massive depletion of CD4+ T cells and
consequently to the loss of immune competence during HIV-l infection (Meyaard et al., 1992; Fauci, 1993). Although the
mechanisms controlling apoptosis are likely to be multifactorial, Tat and a few other HIV-l gene products appear to contribute
in part to the increased apoptosis associated with AIDS (Roshal et a!., 2001).
DTIC
Apoptosis; Viruses
20050010350 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA
Mechanisms of VEGF Availability in Prostate Cancer
Monvoisin, Arnaud, Author; Jan. 2004; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0025
Report No.(s): AD-A428040; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Vascular endothelial growth factor is a critical mediator of angiogenesis. Levels of this cytokine are under exquisite
transcriptional and translational control and alterations in can have devastating effects in development. In this study, we
demonstrated that VEGF is also regulated extracellularly by matrix metalloproteases. Specifically, MMP3 is capable to cleave
the three main splice forms of this growth factor releasing bioactive fragments with equal ability to induce VEGFR2
phosphorylation in vitro. We have mapped the regions of MMP3 processing and generated recombinant forms that mimic
MMP3-cleaved VEGF and MMP3-resistant VEGF to explore the biological relevance of this processing event. We found that
cleavage of VEGF impacts vessel size, vascular density, and vascular branching. MMP-cleaved VEGF is less able to support
tumor growth than MMP-resistant VEGF. MMP-cleaved VEGF induces capillary hyperplasia in existent vessels, but induces
a poor angiogenic response. In contrast, MMP-resistant VEGF supports robust growth of thin vessels with frequent branching
points. In addition, this form is conducive to metastatic events in cell lines that normally do not metastasize. These findings
reveal a novel mode of regulation of VEGF that impacts all spliced forms and have modulatory effects in tumor growth and
vessel morphogenesis.
DTIC
Cancer; Prostate Gland
20050010351 State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
Prostate Cancer Mortality in Puerto Rican Men: The Effect of Body Habitus and Physical Activity
Crespo, Carlos J., Author; Feb. 2004; 46 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0252
Report No.(s): AD-A428041; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Prostate cancer kills more Puerto Rican men than cancer of the lung, trachea, and bronchus. Physical activity has an
inconsistent relationship with prostate cancer. It is not clear what the relationship between body hapitus and physical activity
is among non-Whites population. The underlying hypothesis of the epidemiological research is that excess body adiposity and
sedentary lifestyles are independent risk factors for prostate cancer mortality in Puerto Rican men. The specific aims of this
proposal are (1) investigate the association between anthropometric measurements or changes in body weight and prostate
cancer mortality, and (2) to study the relationship between physical activity and prostate cancer mortality. This study uses an
observational longitudinal design with a random sample of 9,824 Puerto Rican men aged 35-79 years at baseline (1964 who
99
were part of the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program (PRHHP). Using a survival analysis approach and a total follow-up time
of approximately 35 years, we plan to examine the relationship of the above risk factors with prostate cancer mortality. There
continue to be health disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality in minorities and our findings will improve our
knowledge of the relationship between prostate cancer and other lifestyles.
DTIC
Cancer; Mortality; Prostate Gland
20050010354 National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD USA
Analysis of PSA-Specific T-Cell Responses of Prostate Cancer Patients Given a PSA-Based Vaccine on a Clinical Trial
Gulley, James, Author; Dahut, William, Author; Arlen, Philip M., Author; Tsang, Kwong, Author; Schlom, Jeffrey, Author;
Apr. 2003; 11 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MIPR-2ECJCN2081
Report No.(s): AD-A428064; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Cancer vaccines may improve outcomes by inducing an immune response to tumor antigens. This randomized, phase II
clinical trial was designed to determine if a PSA-based vaccine could induce a specific immune response when combined with
radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. The primary endpoint is to identify any immunological response to PSA
by monitoring T-cell frequencies using the ELISPOT assay. 29 patients have been randomized into vaccine or no vaccine arms
both receive standard radiotherapy. The vaccine patients receive recombinant vaccinia PSA and B7.l followed by monthly
boosters with fowlpox PSA, as well as GM-CSF and IL-2. No unexpected or severe toxicities have been seen. 11 patients in
the vaccine arm have been tested via ELISPOT. 6 showed at least a 3 fold increase in PSA-specific T-cells. None of the 6 tested
in the no vaccine arm had an increase. The number of circulating PSA-specific T-cells temporarily decreased following
radiotherapy, then returned within 2 months. This may indicate specific cellular trafficking to the prostate. Overall, the
PSA-vaccine appears to be well-tolerated and able to produce substantial immune responses, as determined by the ELISPOT
assay. It can be safely and, in terms of immune response, effectively combined with local radiotherapy.
DTIC
Cancer; Lymphocytes; Patients; Prostate Gland; Radiation Therapy; Vaccines
20050010355 Scripps Research Inst., La Jolla, CA USA
Regulatory Mechanism of EGFR-Mediated Oncogenic Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells
Lee, Jiing-Dwan, Author; Feb. 2004; 24 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0136
Report No.(s): AD-A428070; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The EGFR receptor tyrosine kinase is dysfunctional in a wide range of solid human tumors including prostate carcinomas.
The EGFR gene product is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the epidermal growth factor receptor family and its
cytoplasmic domain is responsible for sending the mitogenic signals into cells. We discovered that this domain of EGFR
interacts with Tid1 protein, a human counterpart of Drosophila tumor suppressor Tid56. Tid56 null mutation causes lethal
tumorigenesis during larvae stage. Tid1 is also known as a cochaperone of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp7O) and binds to
Hsp7O through its conserved DnaJ-domain. We found that increased expression of Tid1 in human carcinoma attenuates the
EGFR-dependent oncogenic ERKl/2 and BMKl signaling pathways. Importantly, the functional DnaJ-domain of Tid1 is
required for consequent suppression of oncogenic signaling of carcinoma cells resulting from increased Tid1 expression.
Together, these results suggest that Tid1 deterring uncontrolled proliferation of carcinoma cells through reducing the
downregulating the cancerous signaling from EGFR. Moreover, the cochaperonic and regulatory function of Tid1 on Hsp7O
most likely play an essential role of this anti- proliferation function of Tid1 in carcinoma cells.
DTIC
Cancer; Carcinogens; Prostate Gland; Tumors; Viruses
20050010360 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA
Genetic and Hormonal Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer in African American Men
Sarma, Aruna, Author; May 2004; 6 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0270
Report No.(s): AD-A428085; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
African American men are at greater risk for both developing and dying from prostate cancer compared to white men.
The reason for this disparity is likely due to a number of factors including environmental exposures and genetic factors. The
100
Flint Men’s Health Study (FMHS) was established in 1995 as a population-based case-control study of African American men
aged 40-79 residing in Genesee County, Michigan. The initial sample consisted of 730 men who completed an extensive
in-home interview consisting of potential risk factors for prostate cancer; medical history; and demographic information. From
this initial cohort, 431 men provided a blood sample and 369 men who were determined to be free of cancer completed a
comprehensive urologic examination. Additionally, 119 cases of prostate cancer have been identified from the same study
population. Studies have suggested a role for hormones and genetics in prostate cancer incidence. However, these studies have
been completed in white populations and results have been conflicting. The objective of this study is to use a set of previously
collected serum and DNA samples from a population-based study of African American men to more clearly delineate the
potential role(s) of selected hormones and growth factors in prostate cancer development.
DTIC
Africa; Cancer; Genetics; Hormones; Human Beings; Males; Prostate Gland; Risk
20050010361 Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC USA
CRE Activation in Antiestrogen Resistance
Gomez, Bianca P., Author; Clarke, Robert, Author; May 2004; 13 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0389
Report No.(s): AD-A428088; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
HXBP-1, a basic leucine zipper protein (bZIP), is transcription factor that belongs to the activating transcription
factor/cAMP response element-binding protein (ATFICRE) family of transcription factors and can bind to and activate the
cyclic AMP response elements (CREs). In our previous studies, serial analysis of gene expression has shown that hXBP-1 may
contribute to antiestrogen resistance in human breast cancer cells. In antiestrogen resistant cells CRE-regulated transcription
(promoter-reporter assay) activity is increased 4-fold. Thus, the purpose of our experiments is to determine whether
hXBP-1/CRE contribute to antiestrogen resistance by over-expressing hXBP-1 in cell lines that are sensitive to antiestrogen.
MCF7 cells were transfected with hXBP-1 CDNA. Western blotting showed increased expression in transfectants; activity of
this protein was confirmed in a promoter - reporter assay measuring luciferase activity as an indicator of CRE activation.
Preliminary data show that MCF7 cells over-expressing hXBP-1, when exposed to antiestrogens such as 4-hydroxy-Tamoxifen
and ICI 182, 780, are able to survive the growth inhibitory effects of these antiestrogens when compared to the parental MCF7
cells. Similar observations were observed when both cell types were grown in media devoid of estrogen (E2).
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Estrogens; Mammary Glands
20050010362 Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN USA
Folate and Breast Cancer: Role of Intake, Blood Levels, and Metabolic Gene Polymorphisms
Shrubsole, Martha J., Author; Jun. 2004; 34 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0606
Report No.(s): AD-A428089; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The purpose is training in nutritional and molecular epidemiology to establish an independent investigator. The major
hypothesis is that high folate intake is associated with a decreased breast cancer risk particularly among those with MTHFR,
MTR, and MTRR polymorphisms. The specific aims are 1) methodological training in the analysis of gene-gene and
gene-environment interactions by studying folate intake and metabolic gene polymorphisms in a population-based breast
cancer case-control study, 2) training in cohort study methodology through designing and implementing a newly proposed
nested case-control study of breast cancer to examine dietary and plasma folate, and metabolic gene polymorphisms, 3)
nutrition and cancer biology coursework 4) field work of a breast cancer case-control study and 5) development of a grant
proposal examining folate, global DNA methylation and uracil misincorporation in breast cancer risk. To date, the major
results are the MTHFR 677TT genotype and low folate intake is associated with an increased risk of breast compared to high
intake and the 677CC genotype. We also found 677CC was associated with poorer survival from breast cancer among women
with late-stage disease who had survived at least one year post-diagnosis. The investigator has also completed coursework,
training in methodology, and field work experience.
DTIC
Blood; Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Metabolism; Polymorphism
101
20050010364 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA
Gaps in Public Health Preparedness. Lessons Learned in California
Lurie, Nicole, Author; Valdez, Robert O., Author; Wasserman, Jeffrey, Author; Stoto, Michael A., Author; Myers, Sarah,
Author; Jan. 2004; 5 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A428097; RAND/RB-9080; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
The level of bioterrorism preparedness across California’s jurisdictions is uneven, ranging from excellent to poor. There
are wide variations in every aspect of preparedness strategy, development, and implementation. The system suffers from
inefficiency and waste. Strong leadership will be required to develop a shared understanding of public health organization and
responsibilities.
DTIC
Public Health
20050010374 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
Synthesis and Activity of Oxygen-Carrying Heme Peptides
Atassi, M. Z., Author; Nov. 2004; 5 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0452
Report No.(s): AD-A428126; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
Development of effective resuscitation agents for blood-loss replacement in trauma or surgery is extremely important. We
synthesized 15 peptides (test peptides) that were designed on the basis that the heme group in myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin
(Hb) is sandwiched between helices E and F. The abilities of the test peptides and 6 control peptides to form stable complexes
with heme were investigated. None of the controls bound heme. However each of the test peptides was able to form 1:1
coordinate complexes with heme, which were stable to manipulation and behaved as a single molecular species. The reduced
peptide-heme complexes bound oxygen and gave visible spectra that were typical of oxygenated heme-proteins The
heme-peptides gave hyperbolic oxygen- saturation curves, but showed slightly different P5O values. They were administered
into mice, either as emulsions in adjuvant or intravenously in PBS. Injection with adjuvant stimulated antipeptide antibody
responses, which bound to the correlate protein (Mb or Hb). But the peptides were non-immunogenic when administered
intravenously in PBS.
DTIC
Oxygen; Peptides
20050010376 California Univ., Irvine, CA USA
Electrical Impedance Tomography of Breast Cancer
Muftuler, L. T., Author; Jun. 2004; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0326
Report No.(s): AD-A428129; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In screening of breast cancer, once abnormalities or lesions are discovered by the X-ray mammogram, generally, other
imaging techniques are needed as an adjunct to diagnose the lesion as benign or malignant. It has been shown that cancer cells
exhibit altered local electrical impedance. However, existing technology to measure the impedance of the breast has poor
spatial resolution. We proposed to map the tissue impedance distribution with high spatial resolution, in conjunction with MH
to improve diagnostic accuracy of screening. During the second year of this project, we improved the quality of conductivity
images and conducted in vivo experiments. Several issues such as non-linearity in conductivity image reconstruction, out of
slice effects were investigated. Improved reconstruction methods were studied. Multi-slice capability is added to the pulse
sequence and various approaches were tested. Although it was not originally in the project proposal, we started collecting
Contrast Enhanced MRI images to localize the tumor better. A serious malfanction in the MRI receiver unit caused a delay
of more than six months. A no-cost extension was requested to collect more conductivity images from animals and complete
this project successfally. Another conference manuscript was prepared and presented and a journal article was submitted.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Electrical Impedance; Mammary Glands; Tomography
20050010377 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
TMEFF2: A Novel Gene Expressed Selectively in Androgen-Responsive Prostate Cancers
Gery, Sigal, Author; Mar. 2004; 26 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0031
Report No.(s): AD-A428131; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
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TMEFF2 is a novel transmembrane protein-containing two follistatin domains and an epidermal growth factor-like
motif-that is mainly expressed in the prostate and brain. TMEFF2 is highly expressed in the AD prostate cancer cell line,
LNCaP, and is controlled by androgen. TMEFF2 is also upregulated by estrogen in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Ectopic expression of TMEFF2 can inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. I cloned the 5’- flanking region of the human TMEFF2
gene and using a luciferase reporter assay showed that it contains a functional promoter. The O.7-kb region upstream to the
TMEFF2 transcription start site encompasses the minimal promoter required for TMEFF2 expression. Sequence analysis of
the TMEFF2 promoter revealed potential binding sites for several transcription factors including Sp1 and an E-box that could
be recognized by c-Myc. An inverse correlation between TMEFF2 and c-Myc expression was found in CWR22 prostate
xenografts. Reporter gene and mobility shift assays demonstrated that c-Myc could repress TMEFF2 gene expression through
its cognate site. In light of the probable role of TMEFF2 in inhibiting cell growth, its suppression may contribute to the
oncogenic properties of c-Myc.
DTIC
Cancer; Genes; Hormones; Males; Prostate Gland; Proteins
20050010383 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN USA
Expression of Metabolic and Apoptotic Genes During Treatment With Chemopreventive Agents for Breast Cancer
Lu, Yongjian, Author; Malejka-Giganti, Danuta, Author; Jul. 2004; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0332
Report No.(s): AD-A428161; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The effects of long-term treatment with indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and/or tamoxifen (TAM) on caspase activities in
mammary glands and tumors were examined. Both controls and DMBA-pretreated rats were treated 3 doses per week, up to
52 doses, with (1) Vehicle, (2) TAM (10 microng per rat), (3) I3C (250 mg/ kg) and (4) TAM+I3C, respectively. Rats were
sacrificed at selected intervals for mammary glands and tumors. Colorimetric caspase assay shows that in normal mammary
glands, I3C increased caspase activities earlier than TAM, and TAM+I3C treatment induced additive levels of caspase activity
only at an early treatment phase. At the late treatment stage, TAM reached its greatest induction of caspase activities, and
induced caspase activities 3%4-fold greater than TAM+I3C. I3C induced significantly greater caspase activities in mammary
glands of tumor-free DMBA-treated rats than of tumor-bearing rats. None of the treatments significantly induced caspase
activities in mammary tumors. 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) failed to induce greater caspase activities in a short-term
treatment than vehicle. The data suggest that I3C might be prophylactic before mammary tumors develop but it is not a
promising adjuvant agent with TAM in induction of caspase activities in mammary tumors. DIM may not be the active form
of I3C in the induction of apoptotic activities by a short-term treatment.
DTIC
Apoptosis; Breast; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Drugs; Genes; Mammary Glands; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism
20050010384 California Univ., Berkeley, CA USA
Basis of Persistent Microenvironment Perturbation in Irradiated Human Mammary Epithelial Cells
Barcellos-Hoff, Mary H., Author; Jul. 2004; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0437
Report No.(s): AD-A428163; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Genomic instability, evidence by non-clonal chromosomal abnormalities, delayed death, and increased recombination, is
increased in the progeny of irradiated cells. We have -shown that radiation exposed non-malignant human mammary epithelial
cells undergo aberrant acinar morphogenesis when suspended in a basement membrane type matrix. The loss of cell-cell
adhesion, down-regulation of E-cadherin and gap junctions, and perturbed integrin expression shown by irradiated cells is
consistent with neoplastic progression. In the current proposal, we wish to test the hypothesis that persistent disruption of
extracellular signaling in irradiated cells promotes genomic instability. We will measure centrosomes, chromosome number
and aneuploidy in the daughters of irradiated cells, determine the dose dependence, and how transforming growth factor beta,
which augments the morphogenic disruption, affects genomic instability. We will also test if the radiation phenotype can be
transmitted to unirradiated cells and whether its prevalence in irradiated cells is epigenetic in nature. These exploratory studies
will define non- mutational mechanisms by which ionizing radiation, a known carcinogen of human breast, affects
carcinogenesis.
DTIC
Carcinogens; Epithelium; Ionizing Radiation; Irradiation; Mammary Glands; Perturbation
103
20050010386 Connecticut Univ., Storrs, CT USA
Monitoring Cancer Oxygenation Changes Induced by Ultrasound
Piao, Daqing, Author; Zhu, Qing, Author; Jul. 2004; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0358
Report No.(s): AD-A428189; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Oxygen has significant impact on cancer treatment. Our hypothesis was: (a) Tumor blood vessels were leaky and therefore
acoustic vibration can be used to modulate the leaky vessels and induce oxygenation changes; (b) The oxygenation changes
can be detected by optical measurements. Preliminary studies with 5 tumor-bearing rats demonstrate that ultrasonic vibrations
can either generate significant effects (early stage tumors) on optical measurements or no effects on optical measurements (late
stage tumors). In the past year, the PI has devoted his efforts on quantify both acoustic vibration and optical measurement of
oxygenation: (1) Optimization of ultrasound system for quantification of mechanical stress generated by the ultrasound
vibration (in task 2); (2) Optimization of optical wavelength selection for in vivo oxygenation estimation (in tasks 1 and 3).
DTIC
Blood Vessels; Cancer; Optical Properties; Oxygen; Oxygenation; Ultrasonics
20050010387 Colorado Univ., Aurora, CO USA
Ph.D. Post-Doctoral Training Program in Breast Cancer Research
Edwards, Dean P., Author; Jul. 2004; 22 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0474
Report No.(s): AD-A428190; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The training program is designed to graduate well-qualified and highly motivated scientists who will make a career in the
breast cancer research field and who will have a strong potential for contributing new research approaches to the breast cancer
problem. The students accepted into the program have already entered into different Ph.D. degree granting programs that each
have their own guidelines, curriculums, and requirements. The curriculum of the Breast Cancer Training Program extends
beyond that of the normal Ph.D. requirements to include didactic classroom teaching, journal clubs, seminars, workshops and
mini-symposiums on relevant topics in breast cancer. Additionally, the program provides extensive one-on-one laboratory
training in breast cancer research that is committed to the discovery of new fundamentals about the biology of breast cancer
and its eventual treatment. The faculty who serve as research mentors have established records of successful training of Ph.D.
and M.D./Ph.D. students.
DTIC
Apoptosis; Breast; Cancer; Education; Mammary Glands; Medical Science; Physicians; Students
20050010388 Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA USA
Cell Adhesion-Linked Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases and Breast Cancer Metastasis
Lakins, Johnathon, Author; Weaver, Valerie M., Author; Jul. 2004; 20 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0367
Report No.(s): AD-A428191; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
21 ‘CLASSICAL’ PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES (PTPs) were identified in human mammary epithelial cell
(MEC) lines. Degenerate RT-PCR followed by restriction fragment differential display (RFDD) and specific RT-PCR were
used to assess expression in the continuous HMT-3522 cell series that includes both non-malignant Si and tumorigenic T4-2
cells in monolayer and during normal and dysregulated morphogenesis in EHS-ECM (Matrigel). PTP expression was
generally higher in tumorigenic T4-2 cells and unchanged by disorganized growth in Matigel. in contrast, coordination of
expression was suggested by the transient upregulation (relative to monolayer cultures) of a number of PTPs during acinar
morphogenesis of non-malignant Si. The kinetics of downregulation for some suggested that growth arrest may be the main
regulatory input. Others however, downregulate with more rapid kinetics before significant growth arrest suggesting different
regulatory inputs. Feedback from of cell-cell adherens junctions (AJ) may be one such input as ectopic expression of a
dominant negative E-cadherin construct that blocks AJ formation delayed but did not prevent downregulation of selected
PTPs. Modest upregulation of actin cytoskeleton regulating PTPs in response to decreases in substrate compliancy occur when
normal MCF10A were plated on (^1 order of magnitude) softer (tissue-like) Matrigel coupled polyacrylamide gels suggesting
that these PTPs may be responding to, or mediating corresponding actin cytoskeletal reaorganization. PTPN12 is a
cytoplasmic PTP highly expressed in MECs that localizes transiently to actin polymerizing zones including lamellopodial
leading edges and the metaphase mitotic spindle and plasma membrane. Stable downregulation of PTPN12 by retroviral
104
mediated shRNAi resulted in derangements of the actin cytoskeleton in MCF10A cells. These cells grew more rapidly and
formed larger but normally polarized acini in Matrigel.
DTIC
Adhesion; Breast; Cancer; Epithelium; Mammary Glands; Metastasis; Proteins; Tyrosine
20050010389 Dana Farber Cancer Inst., Boston, MA USA
Dynamics of Estrogen Receptor Transcription Complex Assembly in Breast Cancer
Hestermann, Eli, Author; Brown, Myles A., Author; Jul. 2004; 35 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0222
Report No.(s): AD-A428192; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Estrogen plays a critical role in the development and progression of breast cancer. The biological activities of estrogen
are mediated by estrogen receptors (ER). In addition, a large number of proteins termed cofactors are involved in ER signaling.
Therapeutic agents, such as tamoxifen, also bind ER, but block proliferation in breast cells. However, tamoxifen increases the
risk of endometrial cancer. We have used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to investigate cofactor involvement in ER
signaling in vivo and to understand the mechanisms underlying the different actions of tamoxifen in breast and endometrial
cells. We have found that differences in cofactor expression underlie tissue-specific effects of tamoxifen. Chip, in combination
with tiled arrays of individual chromosomes, has been used to identify distant ER-binding sequences that regulate gene
expression. Gene expression profiling has been used to identify differential regulation of ER targets in breast and endometrial
cells, and these targets have been evaluated for their ability to regulate cell proliferation. The detailed understanding of tissue
and ligand-dependent changes in gene expression gained through these studies will lead to more effective therapies for
ER-dependent breast cancer.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Estrogens; Mammary Glands
20050010390 Sloan-Kettering Inst. for Cancer Research, New York, NY USA
Targeting Breast Cancer by Active Immunotherapy: Chemical Synthesis of Multiantigenic Unimolecular Antitumor
Vaccines
Dudkin, Vadim, Author; Danishefsky, Samuel J., Author; Jun. 2004; 23 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0443
Report No.(s): AD-A428193; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The goal of developing methodology for the synthesis of carbohydrate antigens has been accomplished on the example
of HIV antigens. The goal of developing methodology for incorporation of carbohydrates onto a peptidic backbone and
construction of a unimolecular vaccine candidate has been accomplished. The divalent antigen structure was shown to be
crucial for binding to an anti HIV antibody 2G12. The synthesis of cancer specific carbohydrate antigens and the work on
construction of unimolecular anticancer vaccine are currently in progress.
DTIC
Antigens; Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Synthesis (Chemistry); Vaccines; Viruses
20050010391 Moffitt (H. Lee) Cancer Research Inst., Tampa, FL USA
Computerized Analysis and Detection of Missed Cancer in Screening Mammogram
Li, Lihua, Author; Apr. 2004; 16 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0212
Report No.(s): AD-A428194; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This project is to explore an innovative CAD strategy for improving early detection of breast cancer in screening
mammograms by focusing on computerized analysis and detection of cancers missed by radiologists. The research scope in
past year is on database generation and analysis of missed cancers. Several major progresses have been made including (1)
By reviewing more than 1334 cases, a total of 83 missed cancer cases were collected which were used to generate three
different datasets including mammograms with missed cancer, mammograms with screening-detected cancer and normal
mammograms. (2) Regions-of-interest (ROIs) containing a detected or a missed cancer were extracted, and a ground truth was
generated by an experienced radiologist for feature extraction and analysis purpose. (3) With the datasets and the ground truth,
a variety of computerized features were extracted and analyzed to explore the difference of detected and missed cancer cases.
A set of tests was applied to the extracted features individually from which the significant features distinguishing the missed
105
cancer from detected ones could be identified and applied potentially to the CAD design in next steps.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Computer Techniques; Diagnosis; Mammary Glands
20050010392 Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN USA
EGFR Pathway Modulation in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast
Truica, Christina I., Author; Apr. 2004; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0217
Report No.(s): AD-A428195; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
We proposed a clinical trial to study the modulation of %the EGFR pathway in DCIS. Eligible patients have either a
mammogram highly suspicious for DCIS or a recent diagnosis of DCIS through a core biopsy. Subsequently, patients whose
DCIS expresses EGFR are randomized to receive an EGFR inhibitor (Iressa) or placebo for 3 weeks prior to surgery. The
protocol was generated, approved by the IRB and an efficient system for specimen collection was implemented. Since EGFR
expression was a crucial requirement to enter the study we developed the immunohistochemical assay for the detection of the
EGFR and P-EGFR proteins. We conducted an IRB- approved, retrospective study of DCIS cases diagnosed by core biopsy
at our institution. A total of 42 cases were studied for EGFR and P-EGFR. We showed that EGFR expression is present in
18.6% of DCIS and correlates with high grade. P-EGFR expression was low at 7%. We also conducted a retrospective study
using paraffin embedded tissues. 50 cases of DCIS were obtained from the Cooperative Breast Cancer Tissue Resource
(CBCTR). IHC studies were performed for EGFR, P-EGFR, Ki67, p27, P-ERK, P-AKT. We confirmed that the rate of EGFR
positivity in DCIS is 20%. P-EGFR expression was 5%.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Epidermis; Mammary Glands; Modulation
20050010393 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
Molecular Determinants of Prostate Cancer Progression Across Race-Ethnicity
Ross, Ronald K., Author; May 2004; 232 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0102
Report No.(s): AD-A428196; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy
This final progress report covers the activities of three projects and one core resource. We provide the required reporting
elements for each of these individuals. The following summarizes the key accomplishments from this award (DAMDl7-00l-0102). We demonstrated in Project A that somatic mutations of the SRD5A2 gene are fairly common; some are recurrent and
based on in vitro functional studies, dramatically change enzymatic kinetics. We demonstrated in Project B that somatic
mutations in the AR gene are extremely rare across all racial-ethnic groups prior to hormonal ablation therapy. We then
proceeded to contribute substantially to understanding the molecular biology of AR signaling in the prostate through a series
of publications. In Project C we completed immunohistochemical analyses on a series of molecular markers (p2 1, COX-2,
caveolin- 1, URP78) of prostate cancer progression on a population-based multiracial-ethnic sample of patients - statistical
analysis are ongoing. In our Epidemiology Core, we collected and processed 522 prostate cancer tissue samples from a
multiethnic cohort. This tissue bank (to our knowledge the largest of its kind in a multiethnic context) will be an extremely
valuable resource for additional planned analyses.
DTIC
Cancer; Ethnic Factors; Prostate Gland
20050010397 Rand Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
Conserving the Future Force Fighting Strength: Findings from the Army Medical Department Transformation
Workshops, 2002
Johnson, David E., Author; Cecchine, Gary, Author; Jan. 2004; 116 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0003
Report No.(s): AD-A428212; RAND/MG-103-A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy
The Army is in the process of transforming itself and is developing new operational concepts and technologies to enable
this transformation. The Army Medical Department (AMEDD) has been deeply involved in the overall Army transformation
effort since its inception, and it has identified operational medicine issues whose resolution will be critical to its ability to
support the Army of the future. The purpose of this research was to develop a method to assess these issues and further
investigate a subset of them. Rand Arroyo Center designed and conducted the Army Medical Department Transformation
106
Workshops (ATW) held in April, August, and November 2002. The purpose of the workshops was to initiate an assessment
of the medical risks associated with emerging Army operational concepts and the capacity of AMEDD to mitigate these risks.
Medical risk is defined generally as the number, severity, and fate of casualties incurred. The workshops examined combat
operations of a notional future force, each supported by a different health service support (HSS) structure. Eight hours of
simulated combat provided the context for the workshops, generating casualty data to support the analysis of the HSS
structure. AMEDD experts determined likely outcomes for individual casualties resulting from the Army simulation of its
2015 future force. It was concluded that, in this particular simulation, the structure and concepts postulated for the evacuation
and treatment of future force combat casualties were overwhelmed by 8 hours of relatively low-intensity combat. This report
describes the development of issues that provided a basis for the workshops, workshop organization, the composition of the
various teams and cells, objectives and issues, the scenario used, and the analysis methodology employed. Finally, the report
provides results and observations. (3 tables, 2 figures)
DTIC
Assessments; Combat; Conservation; Health; Medical Services; Risk; Support Systems
20050010399 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA
Health Benefits for Medicare-Eligible Military Retirees: Rationalizing TRICARE for Life
Schoenbaum, Michael, Author; Wynn, Barbara, Author; Tanielian, Terri, Author; Harris, Katherine, Author; Labor, Renee,
Author; Jan. 2004; 86 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0004; ND100 9D23
Report No.(s): AD-A428225; RAND/TR-118-OSD; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy
The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for fiscal year (FY) 2001 made sweeping changes to the way that health
care furnished by civilian providers to Medicare-eligible military retirees is financed. The law directed the Department of
Defense (DoD) to implement what is now commonly referred to as TRICARE for Life (TFL). As of October 1, 2001, TFL
provides TRICARE as supplemental health insurance for all Medicare-eligible military retirees age 65 or older who are
enrolled in Medicare Part B. As of 2003, approximately 1.6 mil-lion military retirees are eligible for TFL. In general,
TRICARE for Life covers all cost-sharing for Medicare-covered services and standard TRICARE cost-sharing for services
that are covered by TRICARE but not by Medicare. Thus, TFL provides Medicare-eligible military retirees with one of the
most comprehensive health insurance benefit packages in the USA.
DTIC
Health; Medical Services; Military Operations
52
AEROSPACE MEDICINE
Includes the biological and physiological effects of atmospheric and space flight (weightlessness, space radiation, acceleration, and
altitude stress) on the human being; and the prevention of adverse effects on those environments. For psychological and behavioral
effects of aerospace environments, see 53 Behavioral Sciences. For the effects of space on animals and plants see 51 Life Sciences.
20050010191 Naval Submarine Medical Research Lab., Groton, CT USA
Exercise Aboard Attack Submarines: Rationale and New Options
Watenpaugh, Donald E., Author; Quatroche, Anthony J., Author; Bertoline, Joseph, Author; Fothergill, David M., Author;
Aug. 2004; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427548; NSMRL-TR-1237; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Substantial scientific evidence supports the potential benefits of exercise for submariners: regular exercise improves many
human functions that directly apply to submarine operations. These benefits include improved alertness, cognitive function,
immune function, weight control, strength and fitness (for damage control, etc.), mood state, responses to stress, sleep quality,
and quality of life. However, most submariners do not exercise during deployment for a variety of reasons, including lack of
space, time limitations, equipment limitations, lack of entertainment or recreational value associated with exercise, low oxygen
levels, high carbon dioxide levels, and hygiene challenges. A need exists to significantly improve participation in and
effectiveness of exercise for submariners, in part by increasing the variety and effectiveness of available exercise options, and
also by making exercise on submarines more enjoyable. Submarine Fitness Coordinators report that equipment limitations
constitute one of the most important and addressable problems. Fitness Coordinators and the authors identified the following
desirable exercise device characteristics: effective, durable, safe, quiet, small, fun, easy and convenient to use, and not unduly
expensive. Several existing and emerging exercise technologies exist to improve upon those currently in use aboard
107
submarines. Integration of virtual environments with exercise hardware represents one of the most interesting and promising
emerging technologies. Improving exercise capabilities for submariners also augments the means and ability for special
operations units deployed aboard submarines to maintain fitness.
DTIC
Cognition; Health; Personnel; Physical Exercise; Submarines
20050010208 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
An Analysis of the Effectiveness of a New Watchstanding Schedule for U.S. Submariners
Osborn, Christopher M., Author; Sep. 2004; 99 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427686; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
A need exists within the U.S. submarine force to employ an operational schedule that provides more sleep and that is in
better alignment with human circadian rhythms, thus improving cognitive effectiveness. This study compares an experimental
watchstanding schedule derived at Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory (NSMRL) with the schedule currently used
onboard the submarine USS HENRY M. JACKSON (SSBN 730 GOLD). As part of the final stage of a larger effort, it is
designed to determine if the new watchstanding schedule can significantly improve circadian physiology performance and
submariner perceptions of their ability to perform their jobs while on board operational submarines. NSMRL’s three-part
project was designed to study the following: (1) approximately 350 surveys that assessed sleep quality and fatigue on active
duty submariners, (2) a laboratory analysis of three separate and distinct watchstanding schedules on submariner physiology
and performance, and (3) at-sea trials in support of laboratory findings. The study reviews pertinent literature on sleep
deprivation and shift work to emphasize important concepts needed to make schedule comparisons. Results of this study
demonstrate that there were no significant improvements in either cognitive effectiveness or daily sleep while on the new
schedule. Also, a majority of the crew members did not like the new schedule, which attempted to compress watch periods
together to widen periods for contiguous sleep. These results, taken together, demonstrate that the new schedule is not
compatible with an operational submarine environment. Recommendations address the need for the U.S. submarine force to
continue to pursue a watchstanding schedule that provides better sleep while still accommodating operational constraints.
Recommendations also address improvements in experiment implementation that can be integrated into future studies. (13
tables, 23 figures, 32 refs.)
DTIC
Cognition; Personnel; Physiological Effects; Schedules; Scheduling; Sleep Deprivation
53
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Includes psychological factors; individual and group behavior; crew training and evaluation; and psychiatric research.
20050010069 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Predicting Human Error in Air Traffic Control Decision Support Tools and Free Flight Concepts
Mogford, Richard; Kopardekar, Parimal; [2001]; 1 pp.; In English; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The document is a set of briefing slides summarizing the work the Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT)
Project is doing on predicting air traffic controller and airline pilot human error when using new decision support software
tools and when involved in testing new air traffic control concepts. Previous work in this area is reviewed as well as research
being done jointly with the FAA. Plans for error prediction work in the AATT Project are discussed. The audience is human
factors researchers and aviation psychologists from government and industry.
Author
Aircraft Pilots; Pilot Performance; Pilot Error; Air Traffıc Control
54
MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
Includes human factors engineering, bionics, man-machine systems, life support, space suits and protective clothing. For related
information see also 16 Space Transportation and Safety and 52 Aerospace Medicine.
20050001344 Porto Univ., Portugal
Face Pattern Detection
Moutinho, Adriano; Thome, Antonio Carlos; Neto, Luiz Biondi; HenriqueGolveaCoelho, Pedro; ICEIS 2004: Artificial
Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 55; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other
Sources
108
Security systems based on face recognition often have to deal with the problem of finding and segmenting the region of
the face, containing nose, mouth and eyes, from the rest of the objects in the image. Finding the right position of a face is a
part of any automatic identity recognition system, and it is, by itself, a very complex problem to solve, normally being handled
separately. This paper describes an approach, using artificial neural networks (ANN), to find the correct position and separate
the face from the background. In order to accomplish this goal, a windowing method was created and combined with several
image pre-processing steps, from histogram equalization to illumination correction, as an attempt to improve neural network
recognition capability. This paper also proposes methods to segment facial features such as mouth, nose and eyes. Finally, the
system is tested using 400 images and the performance of face and facial features segmentation is presented.
Author
Face (Anatomy); Anthropometry; Pattern Recognition
20050010373 Task Consulting, Dayton, OH USA
Dynamic Visual Acuity Assessment Through Visors
Pinkus, Alan R., Author; Task, Harry L., Author; Hausmann, Martha A., Author; Barbato, Maryann H., Author; Goodyear,
Charles D., Author; Aug. 2004; 17 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-7184
Report No.(s): AD-A428125; AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2004-0118; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This study was undertaken to determine the utility of a dynamic visual acuity assessment methodology for examining the
effects of looking through a transparent component on visual performance. The different types of transparent components that
can be investigated using this methodology include, but are not limited to, night vision goggles, tinted visors, laser eye
protection spectacles, and aircraft windscreens. Transparency attributes that can be investigated include transmission
coefficient, reflection coefficient, glare, light level, target contrast, target type, resolution, spectral transmission, haze,
scratches, and distortion. The visual task may be a target detection or a target recognition type of task, performed with or
without search. The methodology used in this study consists of smoothly and continuously decreasing the distance between
the observer and a visual test target, until the observer can accurately perform the required visual task. In this study, the
observer was required to visually search and detect a circular black dot in a quadrant, while viewing through a tinted visor.
The lighting conditions were not at a level for which the tinted visor was intended to be used, so it was expected that the visor
would reduce visual acuity instead of aiding visual performance, as it normally would be expected to do. The objective of the
study was to determine the 95% reproducibility limit for the methodology. This limit was found to be on the order of 10%
to 15%, which is quite good for an assessment of this type that involves human observers performing a visual task over an
extended period. The methodology appears to be viable.
DTIC
Visors; Visual Acuity
20050010375 Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA
Domestic Preparedness: Sarin Vapor Challenge and Corn Oil Protection Factor (PF) Testing of the CB40 CNR Full
Face Respirator
Campbell, Lee E., Author; Lins, Raymond R., Author; Pappas, Alex G., Author; Seiple, Adam D., Author; Jul. 2004; 28 pp.;
In English
Report No.(s): AD-A428128; ECBC-TR-389; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Results of performance testing of the CB4O CNR Air Purifying Full Face Respirator are described. Three series of tests
were performed: (1) breakthrough time determinations of cartridges/canisters against sarin (GB), (2) GB vapor breakthrough
determination of entire system using manikin headform and simulated breathing, and (3) corn-oil protection factor
determinations of system using human subjects. Results indicate that canisters provide adequate resistance to GB breakthrough
against high-concentration challenges, and that corn oil aerosol and high-concentration GB vapor penetration into the
breathing zone of the respirator occur at acceptable levels.
DTIC
Corn; Masks; Oils; Protection; Respirators; Vapors
109
55
EXOBIOLOGY
Includes astrobiology; planetary biology; and extraterrestrial life. For the biological effects of aerospace environments on humans see
52 Aerospace Medicine; on animals and plants see 51 Life Sciences. For psychological and behavioral effects of aerospace
environments see 53 Behavioral Sciences.
20050009914 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Lab-On-a-Chip Application Development (LOCAD): Bridging Technology Readiness for Exploration
Spearing, Scott F.; Jenkins, Andy; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; Conference on Micro-Nano-Technologies for Aerospace
Applications, 30 Oct. - 5 Nov. 2004, Monterey, CA, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS8-00187; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
At Marshall Space Flight Center we have established a capability to investigate the use of microfluidics for space flight.
The Lab-On-a-Chip Application Development (LOCAD) team has created a program for advancing Technology Readiness
Levels (TRL) of 1 and 2 to TRL 6 and 7, quickly and economically for Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC) applications. Scientists and
engineers can utilize LOCAD’S process to efficiently learn about microfluidics and determine if microfluidics is applicable
to their needs. Once the applicability has been determined, LOCAD can then perform tests to develop the new fluidic protocols
which are different from macro-scale chemical reaction protocols. With this information new micro-fluidic devices can be
created and tested. Currently, LOCAD is focused on using microfluidics for both Environmental Monitoring & Control, and
Medical Systems. Eventually, handheld portable units utilizing LOC technology will perform rapid tests to determine water
quality, and microbial contamination levels. Since LOC technology is drastically reduced in physical size, it thereby reduces
power, weight, volume, and sample requirements, a big advantage considering the resource constraints associated with
spaceflight. Another one of LOCAD’s current activities is the development of a microfluidic system to aid in the search for
life on Mars.
Author
Microfluidic Devices; Environmental Monitoring; Computer Programs; Microorganisms
20050010077 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
The AstroBiology Explorer (ABE) Mission Concept
Sandford, Scott A.; September 13, 2004; 1 pp.; In English; 205th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society, 9-13 Jan.
2005, San Diego, Ca, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 090-20-69; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Infrared spectroscopy in the 2.5-16 micron range is a principle means by which organic compounds can be detected and
identified in space via their vibrational transitions. Ground-based, airborne, and spaceborne IR spectral studies have already
demonstrated that a significant fraction of the carbon in the interstellar medium (ISM) resides in the form of complex organic
molecular species. Unfortunately, neither the distribution of these materials nor their genetic and evolutionary relationships
with each other or their environments are well understood. The Astrobiology Explorer (ABE) is a MIDEX mission concept
currently under study by a team of partners: NASA’s Ames Research Center, Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation,
and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. ABE will conduct IR spectroscopic observations to address outstanding important problems
in astrobiology, astrochemistry, and astrophysics. The core observational program would make fundamental scientific progress
in understanding (1) The evolution of ices and organic matter in dense molecular clouds and young forming stellar systems,
(2) The chemical evolution of organic molecules in the ISM as they transition from AGB outflows to planetary nebulae to the
general diffuse ISM to HII regions and dense clouds, (3) The distribution of organics in the diffuse ISM, (4) The nature of
organics in the Solar System (in comets, asteroids, satellites), and (5) The nature and distribution of organics in local galaxies.
The technical considerations of achieving these science objectives in a MIDEX-sized mission will be presented.
Author
Infrared Telescopes; Exobiology; Infrared Spectroscopy; Spaceborne Telescopes; Astronomical Spectroscopy
110
59
MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER SCIENCES (GENERAL)
Includes general topics and overviews related to mathematics and computer science. For specific topics in these areas see categories
60 through 67.
20050000003 California Univ., Berkeley, CA
Performance Evaluation of Two Emerging Media Processors: VIRAM and Imagine
Chatterji, S.; Narayanan, M.; Duell, J.; Oliker, L.; 2004; 12 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-825128; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
This work presents two emerging media microprocessors, VIRAM and Imagine, and compares the implementation
strategies and performance results of these unique architectures. VIRAM is a complete system on a chip which uses PIM
technology to combine vector processing with embedded DRAM. Imagine is a programmable streaming architecture with a
specialized memory hierarchy designed for computationally intensive data-parallel codes. First, we present a simple and
effective approach for understanding and optimizing vector/stream applications. Performance results are then presented from
a number of multimedia benchmarks and a computationally intensive scientific kernel. We explore the complex interact ions
between programming paradigms, the architectural support at the ISA lever and the underlying microarchitecture of these two
systems. Our long term goal is to evaluate leading media microprocessors as possible building blocks for future high
performance systems.
NTIS
Microprocessors; Performance Tests; Architecture (Computers)
20050000012 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA
Illumination Under Trees
Max, N.; Aug. 19, 2002; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-15002970; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
This paper is a survey of the author’s work on illumination and shadows under trees, including the effects of sky
illumination, sun penumbras, scattering in a misty atmosphere below the trees, and multiple scattering and transmission
between leaves. It also describes a hierarchical image-based rendering method for trees.
NTIS
Trees (Plants); Illumination; Shadows
20050000019 President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Washington, DC, USA
Twenty-one Steps to Improve Cyber Security of SCADA Networks
2004; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101721; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) networks contain computers and applications that perform key
functions in providing essential services and commodities (e.g., electricity, natural gas, gasoline, water, waste treatment,
transportation) to all Americans. As such, they are part of the nations critical infrastructure and require protection from a
variety of threats that exist in cyber space today. By allowing the collection and analysis of data and control of equipment such
as pumps and valves from remote locations, SCADA networks provide great efficiency and are widely used. However, they
also present a security risk. SCADA networks were initially designed to maximize functionality, with little attention paid to
security. As a result, performance, reliability, flexibility and safety of distributed control/SCADA systems are robust, while the
security of these systems is often weak. This makes some SCADA networks potentially vulnerable to disruption of service,
process redirection, or manipulation of operational data that could result in public safety concerns and/or serious disruptions
to the nations critical infrastructure. Action is required by all organizations, government or commercial, to secure their
SCADA networks as part of the effort to adequately protect the nations critical infrastructure.
NTIS
Computer Networks; Active Control; Distributed Parameter Systems
20050000025 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Algorithm for Merging Hyperellipsoidal Clusters
Kelly, P. M.; Oct. 1994; 10 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101691; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
111
This report discusses an algorithm for merging hyperellipsoidal clusters. The effective merging radius between two
clusters is introduced, and this measure is used to determine the order in which clusters are combined. We continue to merge
clusters until a desired number of clusters is reached, or until the minimum effective merging radius is larger than some
predetermined threshold.
NTIS
Algorithms; Clusters
20050000026 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Training a Sigmoidal Node is Hard
Hush, D.; Aug. 1998; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101684; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This paper shows proves that the task of computing near-optimal weights for sigmoidal nodes under the linear regression
norm is NP-Hard. For the special case where the sigmoid is piecewise-linear we prove a lightly stronger result, namely that
computing the optimal weights is NP-Hard. These results parallel that for the one-node pattern recognition problem, namely
that determining the optimal weights for a threshold logic node is also intractable. Our results have important consequences
for constructive algorithms that build a regression model one node at a time.
NTIS
Algorithms; Mathematical Models; Threshold Logic
20050000027 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Classification Framework for Anomaly Detection
Steinwart, I.; Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Sep. 2004; 24 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101663; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
One way to describe anomalies is by saying that anomalies are not concentrated. This leads to the problem of finding level
sets for the data generating density. We interpret this learning problem as a binary classification problem and compare the
corresponding classification risk with the standard performance measure for the density level problem. In particular it turns
out that the empirical classification risk can serve as an empirical performance measure for the anomaly detection problem.
This allows us to compare different anomaly detection algorithms empirically, i.e. with the help of a test set. Based on the
above interpretation we then propose a support vector machine (SVM) for anomaly detection. Finally, we establish universal
consistency for this SVM and report some experiments which compare our SVM to other commonly used methods including
the standard one-class SVM.
NTIS
Anomalies; Classifications; Detection; Vectors (Mathematics)
20050001324 Porto Univ., Portugal
New Energetic Selection Principle in Differential Evolution
Feoktistov, Vitaliy; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 71; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm goes back to the class of Evolutionary Algorithms and inherits its philosophy
and concept. Possessing only three control parameters (size of population, differentiation and recombination constants) DE has
promising characteristics of robustness and convergence. In this paper we introduce a new principle of Energetic Selection.
It consists in both decreasing the population size and the computation efforts according to an energetic barrier function which
depends on the number of generation. The value of this function acts as an energetic filter, through which can pass only
individuals with lower fitness. Furthermore, this approach allows us to initialize a population of a sufficient (large) size. This
method leads us to an improvement of algorithm convergence.
Author
Algorithms; Robustness (Mathematics); Selection; Computation
20050001327 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Semi-Automatic Bayesian Algorithm for Ontology Learning
Vento, Mario; DeSanto, Massimo; Colace, Francesco; Foggia, Pasquale; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision
Support Systems; [2004], pp. 64; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The entire world is living a transformation, perhaps the more important of last thirty years. The dissemination of the new
112
technologies of the information is modifying radically the nature of the relationships between countries, markets, persons and
culture. The technological revolution has favoured the process of globalization (Internet represents better than every other
thing the global village) and the exchange of the information. Today the information can be considered an economic good
whose value is closely connected the knowledge that can give. The dynamism of the new society forces the professional man
to be abreast of technical progress. It is essential to introduce new didactic methodologies based on continuous long-life
learning. A good solution can be E-learning. Although distance education environments are able to provide trainees and
instructors with cooperative learning atmosphere, where students can share their experiences and teachers guide them in their
learning, some problems must be still solved. One of the most important problems to solve is the correct definition of the
domain of knowledge (i.e. ontology) related to the various courses. Often teachers are not able to easily formalize in correct
way the reference ontology. On the other hand if we want realize some intelligent tutoring system that can help students and
teachers during the learning process starting point is the ontology. In addition, the choice of best contents and information for
students is closely connect to the ontology. In this paper, we propose a method for learning ontologies used to model a domain
in the field of intelligent e-learning systems. This method is based on the use of the formalism of Bayesian networks for
representing ontologies, as well as on the use of a learning algorithm that obtains the corresponding probabilistic model
starting from the results of the evaluation tests associated with the didactic contents under examination. Finally, we will
present an experimental evaluation of the method using data coming from real courses.
Author
Bayes Theorem; Algorithms; Machine Learning; Information Dissemination; Education; Formalism
20050001374 Porto Univ., Portugal
Application of Uncertain Variables to Stability Analysis and Stabilization for ABR ATM Congestion Control Systems
Turowska, Magdalena; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 62-63; In English; See
also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The paper presents the application of uncertain variables to stability analysis and stabilization of ABR ATM control
systems. The unknown parameter is assumed to be a value of uncertain variable described by the certainty distribution given
by a expert. The estimation of the certainty index that the congestion control system is stable is presented. A specific
stabilization problem is considered.
Author
Uncertain Systems; Stability Tests; Control
20050010082 General Services Administration, Washington, DC, USA
High Payoff in Electronic Government. Measuring the Return on E-Government Investments
May 2003; 70 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101214; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
The Intergovernmental Advisory Board (IAB) undertook this study to identify prime examples of ‘high-payoff’ electronic
government (E-Gov) programs, to share the secrets of their successes, and to determine how they measure the results achieved
from investments made. As a new and powerful concept, E-Gov promises many benefits to its government sponsors. It can
reduce costs of government operations; open new sources of revenue; attract businesses, tourists and new residents to the area;
make it easy for citizens to do business with the government; and reinforce the relationship between the citizen and democratic
government. As with any government program, the value of E-Gov is in the benefits it delivers to the public and the new
avenues it opens to create value. But E-Gov can be costly, and its value to the public that supports it must be shown.
NTIS
Information Systems; Commerce; Revenue
20050010083 General Services Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Citizens Expections for Electronic Government Services
Sep. 2000; 56 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101210; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
The Intergovernmental Advisory Board (IAB), chartered as an advisory board under the Federation of Government
Information Processing Councils (FGIPC) in May 1997,was established in recognition of the need for increased
intergovernmental collaboration and education.The IAB bridges the gap between Federal, State and local governments and
educates IT professionals nationwide on new solutions to intergovernmental challenges. The General Services Administration
(GSA) in conjunction with the IAB is publishing this report.All governments are transforming to an electronic government.
113
Some are further along than others are, but all, regardless of rich or poor, urban or rural, believe in the benefits of providing
access to information and services electronically. While some governments have taken into consideration some real results
based on input from citizens, other governments have not. Many governments have assumed that citizens want 24 hours by
seven (7) days access to government services and operate like a business. Citizen expectations will have an overwhelming
affect on the success of electronic government
NTIS
Information Systems; Data Processing; Governments
20050010093 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Shape Descriptor Based on the Line Scan Transform
Cannon, M.; Warnock, T.; 2004; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101664; LA-UR-04-5865; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
We present a shape descriptor that uniquely describes an object, is supported in n-dimensional space, and is statistical in
nature. The descriptor is based on the line scan transform of Cabo and Baddeley. We show several applications of the
descriptor.
NTIS
Scanning; Transformations (Mathematics); Line Shape
20050010094 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Sparseness of Support Vector Machines
Steinwart, I.; Jan. 2003; 28 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101682; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Support vector machines (SVMs) construct decision functions that are linear combinations of kernel evaluations on the
training set. The samples with non-vanishing coefficients are called support vectors. In this work we establish lower
(asymptotical) bounds on the number of support vectors. On our way we prove several results which are of great importance
for the understanding of SVMs. In particular, we describe to which limit SVM decision functions tend, discuss the
corresponding notion of convergence and provide some results on the stability of SVMs using subdifferential calculus in the
associated reproducing kernel Hilbert space.
NTIS
Kernel Functions; Machine Learning; Differential Calculus
20050010097 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Extension of a Theorem of Boucheron, Lugosi and Massart
Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Aug. 2000; 12 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101680; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Concentration of measure has become an important tool in the probabilistic method applied to discrete mathematics, the
probabilistic analysis of algorithms, the analysis of randomized algorithms and machine learning. Techniques for proving
concentration of measure include the use of Martingale difference in equalities, Talagrand’s induction technique, and Marton’s
use of information theory. However, recently Ledoux has developed a new technique based on logarithmic Sobolev
inequalities. In recent work, Boucheron, Lugosi, and Massart used this technique to obtain general concentration of measure
results which apply to configuration functions and combinatorial entropies. In this paper we show how the result of Boucheron,
Lugosi, and Massart can be extended to determine concentration of measure for the Rademacher statistic and the error
deviance, two important functions used in empirical processes and machine learning, whose concentration has been obtained
through application of Martingale difference inequalities.
NTIS
Machine Learning; Theorems; Information Theory
20050010101 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Simple Classifiers
Cannon, A.; Howse, J.; Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Jan. 2003; 38 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101676; LA-UR-03-0193; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In this paper we introduce simple classifiers as an example of how to use the data dependent hypothesis class framework
in (Cannon, Ettinger, Hush, & Scovel, 2002a) to explore the performance/computation trade--off in the classifier design
114
problem. We demonstrate that simple classifiers have many remarkable properties. For example they possess computationally
efficient learning algorithms with favorable bounds on estimation error, admit kernel mappings, are particularly well suited to
boosting, and are fully parallelizable. In addition they are robust to the choice of learning problem which we demonstrate with
the error minimization, Neyman--Pearson and min--max problems. Our experiments with synthetic and real data suggest that
simple classifiers are competitive with powerful alternative methods.
NTIS
Classifiers; Algorithms; Design Analysis; Computation
20050010102 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Polynomial-Time Decomposition Algorithms for Support Vector Machines
Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Jul. 2001; 26 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101679; LA-UR-00-3800; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This paper studies the convergence properties of a general class of decomposition algorithms for support vector machines
(SVMs). We provide a model algorithm for decomposition, and prove necessary and sufficient conditions for stepwise
improvement of this algorithm. We also prove convergence in criterion value for the model algorithm, thereby establishing
convergence for many existing SVM algorithms. We introduce a simple ‘rate certifying’ condition and prove a
polynomial-time bound on the rate of convergence of the model algorithm when it satisfies this condition. Although it is not
clear that existing SVM algorithms satisfy this condition, we provide a version of the model algorithm that does.
NTIS
Algorithms; Polynomials; Convergence; Decomposition
20050010103 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Fat-Shattering of Affine Functions
Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Feb. 2003; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101675; LA-UR-03-0937; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
We compute the fat-shattering function and the level fat-shattering function for important classes of affine functions. We
observe that the level fat-shattering function and the fat-shattering function are identical for these classes. In addition we
observe that the notion that adding the constant term to linear functions increases the dimension by at most 1 is incorrect for
fat-shattering and level fat-shattering.
NTIS
Functions (Mathematics); Transformations (Mathematics)
20050010104 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Concentration of the Hypergeometric Distribution
Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Mar. 2003; 12 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101674; LA-UR-03-1353; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In this paper we provide an improved concentration of measure theorem for the hypergeometric distribution.
NTIS
Hypergeometric Functions; Theorems
20050010105 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Sparseness of Support Vector Machines-Some Asymptotically Sharp Bounds
Steinwart, I.; 2004; 12 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101672; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The decision functions constructed by support vector machines (SVMs) usually depend only on a subset of the training
set the so-called support vectors. We derive asymptotically sharp lower and upper bounds on the number of support vectors
for several standard types of SVMs. Our results significantly improve recent achievments of the author.
NTIS
Machine Learning; Pattern Recognition
115
20050010107 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Learning with the Ratchet Algorithm
Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Mar. 2003; 18 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101673; LA-UR-03-2033; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This paper presents a randomized algorithm called Ratchet that asymptotically minimizes (with probability 1) functions
that satisfy a positive-linear-dependent (PLD) property. We establish the PLD property and a corresponding realization of
Ratchet for a generalized loss criterion for both linear machines and linear classifiers. We describe several learning criteria that
can be obtained as special cases of this generalized loss criterion, e.g. classification error, classification loss and weighted
classification error. We also establish the PLD property and a corresponding realization of Ratchet for the Neyman-Pearson
criterion for linear classifiers.
NTIS
Algorithms; Probability Theory; Asymptotes; Linearity
20050010111 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Selecting a Restoration Technique to Minimize OCR Error
Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Cannon, M.; Fugate, M.; Jan. 2003; 34 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101667; LA-UR-01-6860; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This paper introduces a learning problem related to the task of converting printed documents to ASCII text files. The goal
of the learning procedure is to produce a function that maps documents to restoration techniques in such a way that on average
the restored documents have minimum OCR error. We derive a general form for the optimal function and use it to motivate
the development of a nonparametric method based on nearest--neighbors. We also develop a direct method of solution based
on empirical error minimization for which we prove a finite sample bound on estimation error that is independent of
distribution. We show that this empirical error minimization problem is an extension of the empirical optimization problem
for traditional M-class classification with general loss function and prove computational hardness for this problem. We then
derive a simple iterative algorithm called Generalized Multi-Class Ratchet ( GMR ) and prove that it produces an optimal
function asymptotically (with probability 1).
NTIS
Algorithms; Classifications; Restoration; Texts
20050010112 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Automated Segmentation of Scleroderma in High Resolution CT Imagery
Fortson, F. L.; Lynch, D.; Newell, J.; 2003; 24 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101668; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In this paper, we describe a system implemented to automatically classify and quantitatively measure the extent of a lung
disease called Scleroderma using High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) imagery. Scleroderma is a disease
characterized by a slowly developing fibrosis in the lungs of its victims. Early diagnosis of the extent of the disease using CT
imagery can be especially difficult, as many of its visual features are weak and very subtle. These visual subtleties can lead
to differences in analysis between radiologists when gauging the exact extent of the disease. Not having an absolute standard
with which to judge the extent of the disease can hinder evaluations on the effectiveness of new treatments applied during the
disease’s early stages. We have attempted to remove the subjective component by designing a robust system which aids
radiologists in measuring the extent of the disease during it’s earliest stages. This system employs a bank of 17 Maximum
Likelihood classifiers trained on the variety of tissue types typically seen within Scleroderma HRCT imagery. The system also
employs several heuristic constraints. These constraints are used to mimic some of the decision making processes that
radiologists typically employ during their analysis. Results of this classifier system are demonstrated on a series of HRCT
exams of patients in the early stages of the disease. These results were found to compare favorably with physiological tests
performed on these patients. This research was done as a collaborative effort between Los Alamos National Laboratory
(LANL) and the Radiology Department at National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine (NJCIRM).
NTIS
Classifiers; Diagnosis; Fibrosis; Imagery; Lungs
20050010113 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Stability of Unstable Learning Algorithms
Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Steinwart, I.; Jul. 2003; 30 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101666; LA-UR-03-4845; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
116
We introduce a formalism called graphical learning algorithms and use it to produce bounds on error deviance for unstable
learning algorithms. This formalism suggests a flexible class of extensions of existing algorithms for which risk can be
decomposed into algorithmic model risk plus estimation error in a way that enables bounds on estimation error and analysis
of the algorithmic model risk. For example we obtain error deviance bounds for support vector machines (SVMs) with variable
offset parameter and estimation error bounds for variations of SVM where the offset parameter is selected to minimize
empirical risk. In addition we prove convergence to the Bayes error for variations of SVM that use a universal kernel and
choose the regularization parameter to minimize empirical error. We provide experimental results that suggest that these
variations may offer advantages over standard SVMs in both computation and generalization performance.
NTIS
Algorithms; Stability; Error Analysis; Machine Learning
20050010117 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Fast Rates for Support Vector Machines
Scovel, C.; Steinwart, I.; Dec. 2003; 56 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101665; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
We establish learning rates to the Bayes risk for support vector machines with hinge loss (L1-SVMs). Since a theorem
of Devroye states that no learning algorithm can learn with a uniform rate to the Bayes risk for all probability distributions
we have to restrict the class of considered distributions: in order to obtain fast rates we assume a noise condition recently
proposed by Tsybakov and an approximation condition in terms of the distribution and the reproducing kernel Hilbert space
used by the L1-SVM. For Gaussian RBF kernels with varying widths we propose a geometric noise assumption on the
distribution which ensures the approximation condition. This geometric assumption is not in terms of smoothness but
describes the concentration of the marginal distribution near the decision boundary. In particular we are able to describe
nontrivial classes of distributions for which L1-SVMs using a Gaussian kernel can learn with almost linear rate. We use
various new and recently introduced techniques for establishing our results: the analysis of the estimation error is based on
Talagrands concentration inequality and local Rademacher averages. We furthermore developed a shrinking technique which
allows us to control the typical size of the norm of the L1-SVM solution. It turns out that the above mentioned approximation
assumption has a crucial impact on both the application of Talagrands inequality and the shrinking technique. Moreover, for
Gaussian kernels we developed a smoothing technique which allows us to treat the approximation error in a way directly
linked to the classi.cation problem. Finally, we prove some new bounds on covering numbers related to Gaussian RBF kernels.
NTIS
Algorithms; Error Analysis; Probability Distribution Functions; Machine Learning
20050010141 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Articulatorily Constrained, Maximum Likelihood Approach to Speech Recognition. Phase 1 Final Report
Hogden, J.; Nix, D.; Valdez, P.; Nov. 1998; 50 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101690; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The task in speech recognition is to be able to speak into a computer microphone and have the computer type out what
was said. While speech recognition systems are commercially available for limited domains, state-of-the-art systems have only
about a 60%-65% word recognition rate on casual speech, i.e., telephone conversations. Since speaking rates of 200 words
per minute are not uncommon in casual speech, a 60% word recognition accuracy implies approximately 80 errors per minute
-- an unacceptably high rate for many applications. Furthermore, recognition performance is not improving rapidly.
Improvements in word recognition accuracy of a few percent are considered ‘big’ improvements, and recognition rates of the
best systems on the Switchboard data have been between 64.9% and 61. 2% for three consecutive years, although they have
improved from only 52% recognition four years ago.
NTIS
Pattern Recognition; Computer Programming; Maximum Likelihood Estimates; Speech Recognition
20050010150 Los Alamos National Lab., NM, New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM, USA
Initial Evaluation of Maximum Likelihood Continuity Mapping for Low Bit Rate Articulatory Coding of VQ Code
Sequences
Valdez, P. F.; Hogden, J. E.; Jordan, R.; 2000; 8 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101689; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
A new approach to the compression of vector quantized (VQ) speech sequences is evaluated. The technique uses a method
117
called maximum likelihood continuity mapping to learn a mapping between ariticulation and speech acoustics. Smooth
articulator paths are then derived from VQ codes sequences. The paths are subsequently sampled, quantized, and transmitted
along with additional information that allows perfect recovery of the VQ code sequences. A decoder takes the transmitted
articulator paths and recovers the correct VQ code sequence for resynthesis of the speech wave- Form. The algorithm has not
achieved compression yet, requiring an average of 6.04 bits/frame to transmit a 6 bit VQ code sequence, and 9.96 bits/frame
to transmit a 10 bit VQ code sequence. However, modifcations to the algorithm are currently under investigation, and we
expect to implement improvements to help us compress VQ code sequences. Results of the improved algorithm will be
presented at the conference.
NTIS
Acoustics; Computer Programming; Mapping; Compressors
20050010151 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Anomaly Detection Enhanced Classification in Computer Intrusion Detection
Fugate, M.; Gattiker, J. R.; 2004; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101685; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The paper describes experiences and results applying Support Vector machine (SVM) to a Computer Intrusion Detection
(CID) dataset. This is the second stage of work with this dataset, emphasizing incorporation of anomaly detection in the
modeling and prediction of cyber-attacks. The SVM method for classification is used as a benchmark method, and the anomaly
detection approaches compare so-called ‘one class’ SVMs with a thresholded Mahalanobis distance to define support regions.
Results compare the performance of the methods, and investigate joint performance of classification and anomaly detection.
The dataset used is the DARPA/KDD-99 publicly available dataset of features from network packets classified into non-attack
and four attack categories.
NTIS
Detection; Classifications; Anomalies; Charge Injection Devices
20050010152 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
VC Dimension of Bounded Margin Classifiers
Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Apr. 2000; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101683; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
No abstract available
Vector Analysis; Classifications; Mathematical Models; Adaptive Control
60
COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
Includes hardware for computer graphics, firmware and data processing. For components see 33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering.
For computer vision see 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.
20050001283 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Fast Scale and Pose Invariant Face Recognition Method
Javed, Younus; Anjum, Almas; Nadeem, Aamir; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 77; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The high speed computing, database, networking technologies and sophisticated image processing methodologies have
increased the topical significan(’e of face recognition. The proposed system is a scale invariant face recognition model which
works on reduced size of image to increase the speed and to reduce the complex computation .The approach transforms face
images into a small set of characteristic features image matrices which are the principle component of the initial training set
of images. On the basis of small sets of features a general matrix and difference matrices of the normalized images are formed
which ultimately provide a base for the recognition of face. This model consists of two parts. The first part is conversion of
RGB into gray image with averaging of RGB values and preprocessing of image. In the second part, the recognition is
performed by projecting a test image to the face space spanned by general matrix, an error matrix is obtained and ultimately
compared with difference matrices of all the training images and minimum error gives the recognized image. Recognition
under reasonably varying conditions is achieved by training on a limited number of images with different poses and intensity
levels. This approach has advantages over other face recognition schemes in its speed, simplicity, learning capacity and
118
relative insensitivity to small or gradual changes of pose and intensity level in the face images and its size.
Author
High Speed; Computation; Data Bases; Scale Models
20050001305 Porto Univ., Portugal
Result Comparison of Two Rough Set Based Discretization Algorithms
Wu, Shanchan; Wang, Wenyuan; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 55; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The area of knowledge discovery and data mining is growing rapidly. A large number of methods are employed to mine
knowledge. Many of the methods rely of discrete data. However, most of the datasets used in real application have attributes
with continuous values. To make the data mining techniques useful for such datasets, discretization is performed as a
preprocessing step of the data mining. In this paper, we discuss rough set based discretization. We do experiments to compare
the quality of Local discretization and Global discretization based on rough set. Our experiments show that Global
discretization and Local discretization are dataset sensitive. Neither of them is always better than the other, though in some
cases Global discretization generates far better results than Local discretization.
Author
Data Mining; Intelligence; Preprocessing
20050001352 Porto Univ., Portugal
Learning Bayesian Networks with Largest Chain Graphs
Bendou, Mohamed; Munteanu, Paul; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 70-71;
In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper proposes a new approach for designing learning bayesian network algorithms that explore the structure
equivalence classes space. Its main originality consists in the representation of equivalence classes by largest chain graphs,
instead of essential graphs which are generally used in the similar task. We show that this approach drastically simplifies the
algorithms formulation and has some beneficial aspects on their execution time.
Author
Algorithms; Bayes Theorem; Graphs (Charts)
20050001356 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Algorithm For Linear Bi-level Programming Problems
Lu, Jie; Shi, Cheng-Gen; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 81; In English; See
also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
For linear bi-level programming problems, the branch and bound algorithm is the most successful algorithm to deal with
the complementary constraints arising from Kuhn-Tucker conditions. This paper proposes a new branch and bound algorithm
for linear bi-level programming problems. Based on this result, a web-based bi-level decision support system is developed.
Author
Algorithms; Linear Programming
20050001367 Porto Univ., Portugal
Artificial Intelligence Representations of Multi-Model Based Controllers
delaSen, Manuel; Ibeas, Asier; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 46-47; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper develops a representatior_ of multi-model based controllers by using artificial intelligence typical structures.
These structures will be neural networks, genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic. The interpretation of multimodel controllers in
an artificial intelligence frame will allow the application of each specific technique to the design of multimodel based
controllers. A method for synthesizing multimodel based neural network controllers from already designed single model based
ones is presented. Some applications of the genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic to multimodel controller design are proposed.
Author
Artificial Intelligence; Controllers; Logic Design
119
20050001372 Porto Univ., Portugal
Warehousing and Mining of Higher Education Data: Using Existing Data to Manage Quality
Conradie, Pieter; VanDyk, Liezl; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 61; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Data warehouses are constructed at higher education institutions (HEI) using data from transactional systems such as the
student information system (SIS), the learning management system (LMS), the learning content management system (LCMS)
as well as certain enterprise resource planning (ERP) modules. The most common HEI data mining applications are directed
towards customer relationship management (CRM) and quality management. When students are viewed as material in
manufacturing process, instead of the customer, different meaningful correlations, patterns and trends can be discovered which
otherwise would have remained un-exploited. As example statistical process control (SPC) - as data mining tool - is applied
to student result data. This may eliminate the need to gather student-customer feedback for quality control purposes.
Author
Data Mining; Feedback Control; Information Systems
20050009929 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Intelligent Systems: Shaping the Future of Aeronautics and Space Exploration
Krishnakumar, Kalmanje; Lohn, Jason; Kaneshige, John; September 24, 2004; 6 pp.; In English; ALI/TFI-2004: The 4th
International Symposium on Advanced Fluid Information and Transdisciplinary Fluid Integration, 11-12 Nov. 2004, Sendai,
Japan
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 704-30-62; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Intelligent systems are nature-inspired, mathematically sound, computationally intensive problem solving tools and
methodologies that have become important for NASA’s future roles in Aeronautics and Space Exploration. Intelligent systems
will enable safe, cost and mission-effective approaches to air& control, system design, spacecraft autonomy, robotic space
exploration and human exploration of Moon, Mars, and beyond. In this talk, we will discuss intelligent system technologies
and expand on the role of intelligent systems in NASA’s missions. We will also present several examples of which some are
highlighted m this extended abstract.
Author
Artificial Intelligence; Control Systems Design; Evolvable Hardware; Robotics
20050009956 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Extensible Hardware Architecture for Mobile Robots
Park, Eric; Kobayashi, Linda; Lee, Susan Y.; [2005]; 6 pp.; In English; IEEE International Conference on robotics and
Automation (ICRA ‘05}, 19-22 Apr. 2005, Barcelona, Spain; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The Intelligent Robotics Group at NASA Ames Research Center has developed a new mobile robot hardware architecture
designed for extensibility and reconfigurability. Currently implemented on the k9 rover. and won to be integrated onto the K10
series of human-robot collaboration research robots, this architecture allows for rapid changes in instrumentation configuration
and provides a high degree of modularity through a synergistic mix of off-the-shelf and custom designed components, allowing
eased transplantation into a wide vane6 of mobile robot platforms. A component level overview of this architecture is
presented along with a description of the changes required for implementation on K10 , followed by plans for future work.
Author
Architecture (Computers); Computers; Robots
20050010013 Porto Univ., Portugal
How To Build a Multi-Multi-Agent System: The Agent.Enterprise Approach
Stockheim, Tim; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 158; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The maturity of technical foundations for multi-agent system and the support by development tools, infrastructure
services, and a number of development methodologies leads to an increasing amount of existing multi-agent systems. In a
more and more networked environment, coupling of these heterogeneous systems to large multi-multi-agent systems is
required. Unfortunately, design and implementation steps necessary in this context are currently not supported by established
development methodologies; conventional approaches mainly focus on isolated multi-agent systems. In this paper, we present
an approach for the integration of heterogeneous multi-agent systems. The Agent Enterprise system as a coupled
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multi-multiagent system has been designed and tested in the manufacturing logistics domain.
Author
Network Analysis; Manufacturing
20050010044 Porto Univ., Portugal
GridBlocks: Web Portal and Client for Distributed Computing
Niinimaki, Marko; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 168; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
GridBlocks is an architecture and a reference implementation of a distributed computing platform for heterogenous
computer clusters. It can be used when there is a need to analyze vast amounts of data that is stored in a distributed fashion.
The computing and storage resources can be used both by a Web interface or by a standalone Java client. Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI) is used for secure authentication and communication.
Author
Computer Information Security; Websites; Architecture (Computers)
20050010065 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Web-Enabled Mobile Agent Platform for E-Commerce
Yu, Leslie; Mahmoud, Qusay; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 161-162; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
A side effect to our increasingly information-driven economy and lifestyle is the annoyance and headaches of Information
Overload. Everywhere we go, we are bombarded by email, spam, online advertisements, beepers beeping, cell phones ringing,
and incoming SMS messages. The wealth of information available at our fingertips online is both a blessing and a curse in
disguise. In this paper, we will discuss the implementation details of our mobile agent system that tries to automate the process
of online shopping. With the aid of user location information, mobile agents are deployed to engage in the proces,’ of wading
through the mountains of information online in order to comparison shop on our behalf while filtering out irrelevant
information. The idea behind deploying such a system is first given, then followed by a tour through its simple API, and finally,
this paper delves into a discussion of security and how our system can be seamlessly integrated with the existing infrastructure.
Author
Electronic Commerce; Electronic Mail; Information Systems
61
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
Includes software engineering, computer programs, routines, algorithms, and specific applications, e.g., CAD/CAM. For computer
software applied to specific applications, see also the associated category.
20050000121 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Space Flight Software Development Software for Intelligent System Health Management
Trevino, Luis C.; Crumbley, Tim; [October 20, 2004]; 38 pp.; In English; IEEE Computing Society Conference, 20 Oct. 2004,
Birmingham, AL, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The slide presentation examines the Marshall Space Flight Center Flight Software Branch, including software
development projects, mission critical space flight software development, software technical insight, advanced software
development technologies, and continuous improvement in the software development processes and methods.
CASI
Software Engineering; Flight Control; Applications Programs (Computers); Computer Programming
20050001293 Porto Univ., Portugal
Image Classification According To The Dominant Color
Younes, Amine Ait; Truck, Isis; Akdag, Herman; Remion, Yannick; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support
Systems; [2004], pp. 53; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The aim of this work is to develop a user-friendly software allowing him to classify images according to their dominant
colour expressed through linguistic expressions. With this aim in view, images are processed and stored in a database. The
processing consists in assigning a profile to each image. To do this, we consider the pixels of the images in the colorimetric
space HLS and then a restricted number of colours classes are built. These classes depend on the hue (H). For each colour
121
class a certain number of subclasses depending on the lightness (L) and the Saturation (S) are defined. Finally the profile is
drawn using the pixels membership of the classes and subclasses. Thus starting from a linguistic expression of a colour, the
user can extract images from the database.
Author
Image Classification; Data Bases; Colorimetry; Linguistics
20050001303 Porto Univ., Portugal
Design and Implementation of a Scalable Fuzzy Case-Based Matching Engine
VanPoucke, Jonas; VandeWalle, Bartel; Hansenne, Rami; VanderSluys, Veerle; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and
Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 75; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
We discuss the design and the implementation of a flexible and scalable fuzzy case-based matching engine. The engine’s
flexible design is illustrated for two of its core components: the internal representation of cases by means of a variety of crisp
and fuzzy data types, and the fuzzy operations to execute the ensuing case matching process. We investigate the scalability
of the matching engine by a series of benchmark tests of increasing complexity, and find that the matching engine can manage
an increasingly heavy load. This indicates that the engine can be used for demanding matching processes. We conclude by
pointing at several applications in experimental electronic markets for which the matching engine currently is being put to use,
and indicate avenues for future research.
Author
Market Research; Software Engineering; Fuzzy Systems
20050001315 Porto Univ., Portugal
Multiple Organ Failure Diagnosis Using Adverse Events And Neural Networks
Cortez, Paulo; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 62; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In the past years, the Clinical Data Mining arena has suffered a remarkable development, where intelligent data analysis
tools such as Neural Networks, have been successfully applied in the design of medical systems. In this work, Neural
Networks are applied to the prediction of organ dysfunction in Intensive Care Units. The novelty of this approach comes from
the use of adverse events, which are triggered from four bedside alarms,being achieved an overall predictive accuracy of 70%.
Author
Data Mining; Neural Nets
20050001316 Porto Univ., Portugal
Multi-Agent Organizational Model For E-Contacting
Khadraqui, Djamel; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 80; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The paper covers the development and analysis tools, software and system architecture engineering, and development
methodologies. It introduces the MOISE+ model for organizing agents inside a multi-agent system and it discussed the
MOISE Java API. The Model of Organization for multi-agent System is a organizational model for Multi-Agent System seen
under three points of view: structural, functional and deontic. In practical, this model is available as a JAVA component. The
original contribution of the paper is the extension of the model to take into account the notion of sanctions. These are necessary
in order to control the respect of normative specifications (obligation, permission, prohibition) of behaviors. The results of the
generalized model is implemented on an eBusiness application dealing with eContracting.
Author
Computer Programming; Product Development; Software Engineering
20050001317 Porto Univ., Portugal
ProMAIS: A Multi-Agent Model For Production Information Systems
Ghedira, Khaled; Hsairi, Lobna; Gargouri, Faiez; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 48-49; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In the age of information proliferation and communication advances, Cooperative Information System (CIS) technology
becomes a vital factor for production system design in every modern enterprise. In fact, current production system must hold
to new strategic, economic and organizational structures in order to face new challenges. Consequently, intelligent software
based on agent technology emerges to improve system design on the one hand, and to increase production profitability and
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enterprise competitive position on the other hand. This paper starts with an analytical description of logical and physical flows
dealt with manufacturing, then proposes a Production Multi-Agent Information System (ProMAIS). ProMAIS is a collection
of stationary and intelligent agent-agencies with specialized expertises, interacting to carry out the shared objectives: cost
effective production in promised delay and adaptability to the changes. In order to bring ProMAIS’s dynamic aspect out,
interaction protocols are specially zoomed out by cooperation, negotiation and Contract Net protocols.
Author
Information Systems; Systems Engineering; Artificial Intelligence
20050001320 Porto Univ., Portugal
Case-Based Approach for Efficient Redesign of Business Process
Marir, Farhi; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 71; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Business Process Redesign (BPR) addresses the reengineering of one specific process within the firm. It helps re-thinking
a process in order to enhance its performance. Academics and Business practitioners have been developing methodologies to
support the application of BPR principles. However, most methodologies generally lack actual guidance on deriving a process
design threatening the success of BPR. In this paper, we suggest the use of a case-based reasoning technique (CBR) to support
solving new problems by adapting previously successful solutions to similar problems. We investigate how CBR can support
a BPR implementation. An implementation framework for BPR and the CBR’s cyclical process are used as a knowledge
management technical support to serve for the effective reuses of redesign methods as a knowledge creation and sharing
mechanism. This is developed in an attempt to improve the level of success of BPR implementation by using case stories.
Author
Cognitive Psychology; Applications Programs (Computers)
20050001326 Porto Univ., Portugal
Hierarchical Model-Based Clustering for Relational Data with Aggregates
Chen, Jianzhong; McClean, Sally; Shapcott, Mary; Adamson, Kenny; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision
Support Systems; [2004], pp. 63; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Clustering is a widely used technique in data mining to discover patterns in the underlying data. Most traditional
clustering methods handle datasets that have single flat formats. Recently, there has been a growing interest in relational data
mining, which deals with datasets containing multiple types of objects and richer relationships and are presented in relational
formats, e.g. relational databases that have multiple tables. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical model-based method for
clustering relational data by introducing frequency aggregates. We first define a relational data model that contains composite
objects at an object-relational star schema, and present a method of integrating relational composite objects into flat aggregate
objects through aggregation. In order to apply a hierarchical model-based clustering with the data, we define a new type of
aggregate.. -- frequency aggregate, which has a vector data type and can be used to record not only the observed values but
also the distribution of the values of a categorical attribute. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm with
log-likelihood distance is then applied to cluster the, aggregated data tentatively. After stopping at a coarse estimate of the
number of clusters, a mixture model-based method with the EM algorithm is developed to perform a further relocation
clustering, in which Bayes Information Criterion (BIC) is used to determine the optimal number of clusters. Finally we
evaluate our approach on a real-world dataset.
Author
Mathematical Models; Cluster Analysis; Relational Data Bases
20050001333 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Intelligent Tutoring System For Database Transaction Processing
Douglas, Paul; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 52; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
We describe an intelligent tutoring system that may be used to assist university-level students to learn key aspects of
database transaction processing. The tutorial aid is based on a well defined theory of learning, and is implemented using
PROLOG and Java. Some results of the evaluation of the learning tool are presented to demonstrate its effectiveness as a
tutorial aid in an e-learning environment.
Author
Data Bases; Education; Java (Programming Language)
123
20050001337 Porto Univ., Portugal
Applying Data Mining To Software Development Projects: A Case Study
Vazquez, Jacinto Mata; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 67; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
One of the main challenges that the project managers have during the building process of a software development project
(SDP) is to optimize the values of the, parameters that measure the viability of the final process. The accomplishment of this
task, something that was not easy at the beginning, was helped with the appearance of dynamic models and simulation
environments. The application of data mining techniques to the managing of Software Development Projects (SDP) is not an
uncommon phenomenon, as in any other productive process that generates information in the way of input data and output
variables. In this paper, we present and analyze the results obtained from a tool, developed by the authors, based on a
Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) technique. One of the most important contributions of these techniques to the
software engineering field is the possibility of improving the management process of an SDP. The purpose is to provide
accurate decision rules in order to help the project manager to take decisions during the development.
Author
Computer Programming; Data Mining; Software Engineering
20050001343 Porto Univ., Portugal
ISYDS: Integrated System For Decision Support
Coelho, Pedro Gouvea; Gomes, Eliane Goncalves; SoaresdeMello, Joao; Meza, Lidia Angulo; Neto, Luiz Biondi; ICEIS 2004:
Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 55; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources
Data Envelopment Analysis is based on linear programming problems (LPP) to determine the efficiency of Decision
Making Units (DMUs). This process can be computationally intense, as a LPP has to be run for each unit. Besides, a typical
DEA LPF has a large number of redundant constraints concerning the inefficient DMUs. That results in degenerate LPPs and
in some cases multiple efficient solutions. The developed work intends to to fill out a gap in current DEA softwares i.e. the
lack of a software capable of producing full results in classic DEA models as well as the capability of using more advanced
DEA models. The software interface as well as the models and solution algorithms were implemented in Delphi. Both basic
and advanced DEA models are allowed in the software. Besides the main module that includes the DEA models, there is an
additional module containing some models for decision support such as the multicriteria model called Analytic Hierarchic
Process (AHP). The developed software was named as ISYDS - Integrated System for Decision Support. The software has
been used in several theoretical and applied papers and has been very useful.
Author
Systems Integration; Decision Support Systems; Computer Systems Programs
20050001350 Porto Univ., Portugal
Building Proven Casual Model Bases for Strategic Decision Support
Hillbrand, Christian; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 63; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Since many Decision Support Systems (DSS) in the area of causal strategy planning methods incorporate techniques to
draw conclusions from an underlying model but fail to prove the implicitly assumed hypotheses within the latter, this paper
focuses on the improvement of the model base quality. Therefore, this approach employs Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
to infer the underlying causal functions from empirical time series. As a prerequisite for this, an automated proof of causality
for nomothetic cause-and-effect hypotheses has to be developed.
Author
Mathematical Models; Decision Support Systems; Neural Nets
20050001360 Porto Univ., Portugal
Reducing Rework In The Development Of Information Systems Through The Components Of Decisions
Sharp, Bernadette; Salter, Andy; Shah, Hanifa; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 60; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The failure of information systems has been partially the result of incorrect or inefficient rework in the development of
the systems. If greater transparency can be made in the decision making process then the number of examples of incorrect or
inefficient rework could be reduced. Transparency in the process of development can be achieved through identifying and
124
tracking the components of the decisions made during the development of the information system. This paper presents a
theoretical framework for facilitating this tracking by comparing the components of the decisions in the development of the
information system with those of an organisation and considering how the ‘needs’ of agents and the actions taken to fulfill
those needs are related.
Author
Decision Making; Identifying; Information Systems
20050001368 Porto Univ., Portugal
Dynamic Interest Profiles: Tracking User Interests Using Personal Information
Ruvolo, Joann; Lessler, Justin; Krishna, Vikas; Edlund, Stefan; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support
Systems; [2004], pp. 76-77; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
When building applications it is usually the case that developers are forced to focus on ‘one size fits all’ solutions.
Customization is often burdensome for the user, or would be so complex that it would be unrealistic to ask an end user to
undertake this task. In the areas of personal information management and collaboration there is no reason to accept this
limitation, as there is a body of information about the user that reflects their interests: namely their personal documents. The
Dynamic Interest Profile (DIP) is a system intended to track user interest to allow for the creation of more intelligent
applications. In this paper we discuss our approach to implementing the DIP, challenges that this implementation presents, as
well as the security and privacy concerns that the existence of such an application raises.
Author
Information Management; Tracking Networks
20050001371 Porto Univ., Portugal
Model-Based Collaborative Filtering for Team Building Support
Jorge, Alipio; Veloso, Miguel; Azevedo, Paulo; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 71; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In this paper we describe an application of recommended systems to team building in a company or organization. The
recommended system uses a collaborative filtering model based approach. Recommended models are sets of association rules
extracted from the activity log of employees assigned to projects or tasks. Recommendation is performed at two levels: first
by recommending a single team element given a partially built team; and second by recommending changes to a complete
team. The methodology is applied to a case study with real data. The results are evaluated through experimental tests and a
users’ perception survey.
Author
Applications Programs (Computers); Personnel; Teams
20050001373 Porto Univ., Portugal
Predicting Web Requests Efficiently Using a Probability Model
Wu, Shanchan; Wang, Wenyuan; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 61-62; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
As the world-wide-web grows rapidly and a user’s browsing experiences are needed to be personalized, the problem of
predicting a user’s behavior on a web-site has become important. In this paper, we present a probability modal to utilize path
profiles of users from web logs to predict the user’s future requests. Each of the user’s next probable requests is given a
conditional probability value, which is calculated according to the function presented by us. Our modal can give several
predictions ranked by the values of their probability instead of giving one, thus increasing recommending ability. Based on
a compact tree structure, our algorithm is efficient. Our result can potentially be applied to a wide range of applications on
the web, including pre-sending, pro-fetching, enhancement of recommendation systems as well as web caching policies. The
experiments show that our modal has a good performance.
Author
Websites; World Wide Web; User Requirements; Recommendations
20050001377 Porto Univ., Portugal
Web Usage Mining with Time Constrained Association Rules
Vanthienen, Jan; Huysmans, Johan; Baesens, Bart; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 56-57; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
125
Association rules are typically used to describe what items are frequently bought together. One could also use them in
web usage mining to describe the pages that are often visited together. In this paper, we propose an extension to association
rule_ by the introduction of timing constraints. Subsequently, the introduced concepts are used in an experiment to pre-process
logfiles for web usage mining. We also describe how the method could be useful for market basket analysis and give an
overview of related research. The paper is concluded by some suggestions for future research.
Author
Computer Programs; Data Mining
20050009957 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
On the Use of Parmetric-CAD Systems and Cartesian Methods for Aerodynamic Design
Nemec, Marian; Aftosmis, Michael J.; Pulliam, Thomas H.; [2004]; 6 pp.; In English; International Conference on
Computational Fluid Dynamics 3 (ICCFD3), 12-16 Jul. 2004, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02,
Hardcopy
Automated, high-fidelity tools for aerodynamic design face critical issues in attempting to optimize real-life geometry arid
in permitting radical design changes. Success in these areas promises not only significantly shorter design- cycle times, but
also superior and unconventional designs. To address these issues, we investigate the use of a parmetric-CAD system in
conjunction with an embedded-boundary Cartesian method. Our goal is to combine the modeling capabilities of feature-based
CAD with the robustness and flexibility of component-based Cartesian volume-mesh generation for complex geometry
problems. We present the development of an automated optimization frame-work with a focus on the deployment of such a
CAD-based design approach in a heterogeneous parallel computing environment.
Author
Aerodynamics; Computer Aided Design; Parallel Processing (Computers)
20050009965 Porto Univ., Portugal
Data Zooming: A Challenge for Exploring the Semantic Web
Saglio, Jean-Marc; Abdessalem, Talel; Ta, Tuan Anh; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004],
pp. 168-169; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Zooming technique has been used in many applications to supply users with a cognitive way of exploring
data/information. It means that a user should change focus to observe over all or in detail. This paper aims at presenting a
dynamic exploration model on data. This model could be applied to the fields where the quantity of data is always important
such as the Web. We call it zooming model because it permits users to focus in different sizes of data. Moreover, users can
adjust zoom restriction parameters to explore dynamically objects appearing in a zoom. In this paper, we also show that our
work can allow of a more intelligent framework for browsing the Semantic Web.
Author
Data Compression; Dynamic Models; Computer Programs
20050009967 Porto Univ., Portugal
Semantic E-Learning Agents: Supporting E-learning by Semantic Web and Agent Technologies
Dunkel, Juergen; Bruns, Ralf; Ossowski, Sascha; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 143; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
E-learning is starting to play a major role in the learning and teaching activities at institutions of higher education
worldwide. The students perform significant parts of their study activities decentralized and access the necessary information
sources via the Internet. Several tools have been developed providing basic infrastructures that enable individual and
collaborative work ir a location-independent and time-independent fashion. Still, systems that adequately provide personalized
and permanent support for using these tools are still to come. This paper reports on the advances of the Semantic E-learning
Agent (SAE) project, whose objective is to develop virtual student advisors, that render support to university students in order
to successfully organize and perform their studies. The E-learning agents are developed with novel concepts of the Semantic
Web and agents technology. The key concept is the semantic modeling of the E-learning domain by means of XML-based
applied ontology languages such as DAML+OIL and OWL. Software agents apply ontological and domain knowledge in order
to assist human users in their decision making processes. For this task, the inference engine JESS is applied in conjunction
with the agent framework JADE.
Author
Semantics; Information Systems; Document Markup Languages; Decision Making; Education
126
20050009968 Porto Univ., Portugal
Agent Based Decentralized Workflow Enactment: Compilation And Transformation Of Workflow Models
Ferreira, Hugo Miguel Mendes; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 156; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Today’s workflow management systems are distributed albeit centralized information systems. In an attempt to increase
the flexibility, robustness and scalability of such systems, a decentralized workflow engine based on autonomous mobile
agents i., being developed. This will allow the creation and development of a flexible and robust solution. Unlike previous
work done in this area, this article focuses on process flow control and on the use of workflow patterns to describe and support
such flow control. In its essence this article describes how workflow models are compiled and transformed into a set of agent
that will enact the workflow process. During development and testing, several issues concerning process compilation, agent
creation and process execution arose. Some of these are also briefly described.
Author
Robustness (Mathematics); Management Systems; Information Systems; Autonomy
20050009972 Porto Univ., Portugal
Formation and Fulfillment of Electronic Contracts in the ICS
Labidi, Sofiane; Oliveira, Nathalia R. S.; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 166; In English;
See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This work is part of the ICS project (Intelligent Commerce System) whose aim is to design and implement an effective
B2B E-commerce system based on mobile and intelligent agents. The tCS lifecycle is based on five phases: User Modeling,
Matchmaking, Negotiation, Contract Formation and Contract Fulfillment. We propose here an automated process for the
Contract Formation and Fulfillment phases. We present an ontology for sharing knowledge between agents that participate in
the negotiation besides a repository to store contract templates and contract instances. For managing the contract fulfillment
Temporal Workflow and ECA rules are applied in order to develop this process.
Author
Electronic Commerce; Electronic Mail
20050009973 Porto Univ., Portugal
Towards an Information Assessment Framework for Use with the Semantic Web
Ellis, Heidi; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 169; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The extension of the existing Web with meaningful information to form the Semantic Web holds great potential for
allowing applications to carry out much more sophisticated tasks than supported by the current Web. As part of carrying out
these tasks, Semantic Web applications must access and integrate information from a variety of sources including databases,
services, programs, sensors, personal devices, etc. The ability of Semantic Web applications to assess this information with
respect to its trustworthiness and quality is a key contribution to the successful completion of tasks. The availability of an
information assessment framework for the Semantic Web that incorporates aspects of trust and information quality would
enable applications to dynamically determine the trust-ability and worth of information. In addition, increasing interest in the
research areas of security and information assurance highlight the need for an assessment framework that encompasses trust
and information quality as both of these aspects are necessary components to information security and electronic commerce.
This paper presents an overview of recent work in the area of information quality characteristics and models of trust on the
Web. A research agenda is described for the development of an information assessment framework encompassing information
quality and trust management or trust agency for the Semantic Web.
Author
Information Management; Electronic Commerce; Semantics
20050009974 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Virtual Assistant for Websites
Gouveia, Feliz; Loh, Stanley; Brahm, Daniel; Silva, Lizandro; Duizith, Jose Luiz; Tagliassuchi, Gustavo; ICEIS 2004:
Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 161; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other
Sources
This work presents a Virtual Assistant (VA) whose main goal is to supply information for Websites users. A VA is a
software system that interacts with persons through a Web browser, receiving textual questions and answering automatically
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without human intervention. The VA supplies information by looking for similar questions in a knowledge base and giving
the corresponding answer. Artificial Intelligence techniques are employed in this matching process, to compare the user’s
question against questions stored in the base. The main advantage of using the VA is to minimize information overload when
users get lost in Websites. The VA can guide the user across the web pages or directly supply information. This is especially
important for customers visiting an enterprise site, looking for products, services or prices or needing information about some
topic. The VA can also help in Knowledge Management processes inside enterprises, offering an easy way for people storing
and retrieving knowledge. An extra advantage is to reduce the structure of Call Centers, since the VA can be given to customers
in a CD-ROM. Furthermore, the VA provides Webmasters with statistics about the usage of the VA (themes more asked,
number of visitants, time of conversation).
Author
Websites; Virtual Reality; Software Engineering
20050009977 Porto Univ., Portugal
FastNews: Selective Clipping of Web Information
Farias, Gilnei Barroco; Loh, Stnaley; Kickhofel, Rodrigo Branco; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing;
[2004], pp. 170; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This work presents a software system for selective clipping of web information. The system allows users to register
queries, expressing their information needs, and monitors information sources (Web sites), in order to find new information
and to pus[ it to the users. The difference from traditional Web clipping systems is that FastNews only retrieves information
relevant to the user’s need, that is, it has an intelligent engine that extracts only information parts according to the interest of
the user. Currently, the system allows watching news, currency conversion and weather forecasting. An additional
functionality is to allow users to enter an URL (Web site) to monitor, against the traditional use of predefined sources.
Author
Forecasting; Information Systems; Computer Programs
20050009979 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Network Component Architecture for Collaboration in Mobile Settings
Ebmann, Bernd; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 146; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Today Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is used in broad areas of human cooperation. With the
propagation el radio-based communication and ad hoc networking it may enter new areas of human cooperation. One
important aspect is the new quality in CSCW of being independent from special network-enabled places. Another aspect is
the more intuitive support of face-to-face cooperation utilizing personal mobile devices. To open this field of collaboration our
approach featuring Distributed Cooperative Knowledge Spaces specifically addresses conceptual issues pertaining to the
transition from classical, server-centered to mobile, distributed collaboration environments. With this concept we introduce
persistent and personal knowledge spaces as well as so-called temporary knowledge areas and groups. Our prototypical
application for spontaneous collaboration implements this approach. We are able to draw here on many years of experience
in the development and testing of our concept of Cooperative Virtual Knowledge Spaces.
Author
Computer Networks; Radio Communication; Architecture (Computers)
20050009980 Porto Univ., Portugal
Flow-Oriented Deployment of a Multi-Agent Population for Dynamic Workflow Enactment
Kanzow, Sebastian; Kjouani, Karim; Amirat, Yacine; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 147;
In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In the virtual enterprise paradigm, workflow processes are shared between different businesses partners lead to new
requirements for workflow management applications. Several multi-agent systems have been proposed to cope with their
inherently distributed nature. Most of those systems define agents as some kind of helper programs situated on (human)
resource level, instantiated on some workflow participant’s personal computer. We argue that this concept is not adequate and
propose an approach to create and deploy agents on a virtual flow level, where one agent takes care of one workflow
subprocess, instead of attaching one or more agents to an existing resource. Finally, we present a probabilistic classification
approach to decide on the assignment of tasks to agents.
Author
Applications Programs (Computers); Management Systems; Commerce; Deployment
128
20050009982 Porto Univ., Portugal
Efficient Multicast E-Services Over APPCAST; by Exploiting Network Topology and Broadcast Media Properties
Vedala, Radha; Pujari, A. K.; Gulati, V. P.; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 165; In English;
See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Multicasting is well known as a bandwidth conserving technology. Applications couldn’t exploit broadcast media property
or reduce redundant packets’ movement over common paths of network as the applications are written in unicast mode due
to complex multicast application programming support. Researchers turned to alternate multicast mechanisms like Application
Layer Multicast - ALM, where in participating hosts are arranged in overlay topologies like tree, mesh etc and hosts route data
among themselves in normal unicast mode. In this paper we discuss a new application layer topology - APPCAST and show
common application architecture for both unicast and multicast using SOAP with no special effort from programmer for
multicast. Architecture also allows exploiting broadcast nature of media.
Author
Bandwidth; Broadcasting; Applications Programs (Computers)
20050009992 Porto Univ., Portugal
E-Services In Mission-Critical Organizations: Identification Enforcement
Costa, Carlos; Oliveira, Jose Luis; Silva, Augusto; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 167;
In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The increasing dependency of enterprise on IT has rise up major concerns on security technology and procedures. Access
control mechanisms, which are the core of most security policies, are mostly based on PIN and, some times, in Public Key
Cryptography (PKC). Despite these techniques can be already broadly disseminated, the storage and retrieval of security
secrets is yet a sensitive and open issue for organization and users. One possible solution can be provided by the utilization
o smart cards to store digital certificates and private keys. However, there are special organizations where even this solution
does not solve the security problems. When users deal with sensible data and it is mandatory to prevent the delegation of
access privileges to third persons new solutions must be provided. In this case the access to the secrets can be enforced by
three-factor scheme: the possession of the token, the knowledge of a PIN code and the fingerprint validation. This paper
presents a Professional Information Card system that dynamically combines biometrics with PKC technology to assure a
stronger authentication that can be used indistinctly in Internet and Intranet scenarios. The system was designed to fulfill
current mission-critical enterprises access control requirements, and was deployed, as a proof of concept, in a Healthcare
Information System of a major Portuguese Hospital.
Author
Computer Information Security; Cryptography; Computer Programs
20050009997 Porto Univ., Portugal
Embedding JAAS In Java Agent Roles To Apply Local Security Policies
Cabri, Giacomo; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 152-153; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Agents are an emerging technology that grants programmers a new way to exploit distributed resources. They well suite
the development of enterprise applications, since they can act as active network components, and can execute on
heterogeneous platforms or architectures. One of the hardest difficulties in the development of agent-based applications is the
managing of interactions, since agents must interact in a collaborative and/or competitive way to achieve their task. Roles are
a powerful concept that can be used to model agent interactions, both between two (or more) agents and between agents and
the environments where they are running. Roles allow separation of concerns and code reusability, but they should be
developed taking into account permissions needed to the execution of their actions. The standard Java policy file mechanism
does not suffice in this scenario, since a fine grain in managing permissions is required. This paper focuses on how to exploit
the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) at the role level in order to apply authorization and local policies
to agents fo limiting their operations.
Author
Java (Programming Language); Computer Information Security; Policies
20050009998 Porto Univ., Portugal
Software Agents for Supporting Student Team Project Work
Whatley, Janice; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 153; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
129
In this paper an agent system is described, which has been designed to support students undertaking team projects as part
ot their studies on campus or online. Team projects form an important part of the learning process for campus based students,
but are not easily incorporated into the learning activities for online students. The particular problems of working on projects
in teams are explored, and an agent system was designed to support some of the maintenance tasks of team working. Agent
technology is suggested because of the ease of communication between software agents and their autonomy in operation. The
agent system has been tested on student teams working on campus, and the results indicate that this type of support agent may
be helpful to students. The modified version of the agent system was successfully implemented, and the trial suggests that it
may be scaled up to use over the Internet to support online student teams.
Author
Internets; Students; Computer Programs
20050010001 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Recommendation Based Framework for Online Product Configuration
Leckner, Thomas; Karacapilidis, Nikos; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 163; In English;
See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Adopting a mass customization strategy, enterprises often enable customers to specify their individual product wishes by
using web based configurator tools. With such tools, customers can interactively and virtually create their own instance of a
product. However, customers are not usually supported in a comprehensive way during the configuration process, thus facing
problems such as complexity, uncertainty, and lack of knowledge. To address the above issue, this paper presents a framework
that aids customers in selecting and specifying individualized products by exploiting recommendations. Having first focused
on the characteristics of configurator tools and the principles of model-based configuration, we then introduce the concept of
masks for product models. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of an integrated approach for supporting
model-based product configurator tools by similarity-based recommendations. Our approach in providing recommendations
has been based on the widely accepted theory of Fuzzy Sets and its associated concept of similarity measures, while
recommendations provided are based on the processes of stereotype definitions and dynamic customer clustering.
Author
Computer Programs; Fuzzy Sets
20050010002 Porto Univ., Portugal
Customizable Data Distribution for Synchronous Groupware
Lukosch, Stephan; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 153; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The state of a groupware application must be shared to support interactions between collaborating users. There have been
a lot of discussions about the best distribution scheme for the state of a groupware application. Many existing groupware
platforms support only one distribution scheme, e.g. a replicated or a central scheme, and apply the selected scheme to the
entire application. None of these schemes fits well for every groupware application. Different applications and even single
applications have different requirements concerning data distribution. This paper describes DreamObjects, a development
platform that simplifies the development of shared data objects. DreamObjects supports a variety of distribution schemes
which can be applied per shared data object. Additionally, it offers an interface that developers can use to introduce their own
distribution schemes.
Author
Data Transfer (Computers); Comsat Program; Synchronism
20050010003 Porto Univ., Portugal
Resource Sharing and Load Balancing Based on Agent Mobility
Klein, Gilles; Fallah-Seghrouchni, Amal El; Suna, Alexandru; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004],
pp. 134; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
From the recent improvements in network and peer-to-peer technologies and the ever-growing needs for computer might,
new ways of sharing resources between users have emerged. These methods are very diverse, from SETI @HOME which is
a wa_ to share the load of analysing the data from space in order to find traces of extraterrestrial life, to NAPSTER and its
successors, and to Real-time video-games. However, these technologies allow only centralized calculus-sharing, even if they
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already offer ‘peer-to-peer’ sharing of data. We present in this paper a method based on Multiagent systems which allow
load-sharing between distant users.
Author
Calculus; Mobility; Network Analysis; Data Transfer (Computers)
20050010006 Porto Univ., Portugal
Integrating Design Document Management Systems Using the Rosettanet E-Business Framework
Kotinumi, Paavo; Laesvuori, Hannu; Jokinen, Katrine; Soininen, Timo; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet
Computing; [2004], pp. 146; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Industry consortia have developed e-business frameworks providing standards and specifications enabling business
partners to communicate over the Internet through integration of enterprise applications. This paper describes a prototype
system for integrating design document management systems using the RosettaNet e-business framework. The requirements
for the solution were extracted from a case product development network. We present the design and implementation of the
prototype system. According to our experiences with it, the RosettaNet standards were relatively easy to implement and use.
However, the RosettaNet specifications for product development processes and the related business document definitions, e.g.
for design document delivery, are not sufficient in all respects. As a consequence, two implementations of the same RosettaNet
standard process may be incompatible as they differ in the aspects that RosettaNet does not support sufficiently.
Author
Electronic Commerce; Management Systems; Product Development; Systems Engineering
20050010009 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Agent Architecture for Steel Product Business Network
Kipina, Janne; Haapasalo, Harri; Helaakoski, Heli; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 137;
In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Networked manufacturing enterprises are now moving towards more open information exchange for integrating their
activities with those of their suppliers, customers and partners within wide supply chain networks. Therefore there has been
increasing need for software systems to support business networks. This paper introduces SteelNet agent architecture, which
facilitates real collaboration of companies by enabling the seamless information and material flow in business network.
SteelNet agent architecture has been developed to meet the requirements of steel product industry network that work as a
supply chain. Different operations of order-delivery process in the network have been modelled as agents that are able to
collaborate with each other. The SteelNet agent architecture is a basis for prototype that handles operations of manufacturing
steel product in supply chain. By digitising the information flow between the collaborative companies it increases their
competitive position and profitability.
Author
Architecture (Computers); Steels; Manufacturing; Information Flow
20050010011 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Cooperative Learning Multi-Agent System
Lafifi, Yacine; Bensebaa, Tahar; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 132; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The cooperation application’s interest is not more than to show as the education is fundamentally a cooperative process.
Certain, cooperative learning influence on the learner’s level. Current events development interest more with learning’s
environment within groups than to individual learning’s environment. In this paper, we present the architecture of the
Multiagent system (SACA), which supports the cooperative learning. The SACA’s aim is to offer for each learner an adaptable
learning’s environment taking into account learner’s aptitudes, capacities and needs. More than that, it offers the possibilities
of an effective cooperation among learners in order to reach every one’s aim. This system is a set of heterogeneous agents.
The artificial agent helps the learner in order to create the possibility of an effective cooperation. The agents are represented
with its mental state and its capacities.
Author
Education; Architecture (Computers)
20050010016 Porto Univ., Portugal
Can Avatars Replace The Trainer? A Case Study Evaluation
Ferneley, Elaine; Mahmood, Ahmad Kamil; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 159; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
131
E-learning implementations have become an important agenda item for academic and business institutions as an enabler
to complement their education and training needs. However, many of the existing e-learning systems, present several
limitations such as them being static, passive and consisting of a time-consuming set of services. This has highlighted the need
for functionality, which allows more creativity, autonomy, and flexibility on behalf of the learner. The inclusion of avatar
technology in e-learning environments has been of growing interest aiming to encourage the learner to become more engaged
and motivated whilst augmenting the use of human trainers. However, the empirical investigations on the effect of animated
agent in teaching and learning has revealed diverse results in a continuum from avatars being helpful to them being distracting.
This research has evaluated the utility of avatars. Unusually, the research has chosen a qualitative interpretive approach with
supporting case study data as the chosen research methodology. The justification for the research approach will be made ant
the initial findings will be presented together with a proposed conceptual framework.
Author
Training Devices; Education; Electronic Commerce
20050010019 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Dynamic Aggregation Mechanism For Agent-Based Services
Picault, Jerome; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 159; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
At a time when the web is switching from a data-oriented view to a service-oriented view, we can envision an environment
where services are dynamically and automatically combined to solve new problems that one single service cannot solve. Agent
technology provides a good basis for creating such an environment but many issues remain to be solved. This paper presents
a step towards a dynamic service aggregation mechanism, introducing a pragmatic approach and an implementation. This
work was carried out in the context of the Agentcities RTD EU project.
Author
Computer Programs; Dynamic Programming
20050010020 Porto Univ., Portugal
ArchCollect Front-End: A Web Usage Data Mining Knowledge Acquisition Mechanism Focused On Static Or Dynamic
Contenting Applications
Esmin, Ahmed; Cameiro, Tiago; Lima, Joubert; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 158; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Knowledge acquisition mechanism is essential to every Web usage mining project and it can be implemented on the user
or on all servers configuration. This paper presents a low coupled mechanism once it acquires knowledge only from the Web
browser, separates the requests: one for the monitored application and the other for the server called ArchCollect, and has a
parser that automatically inserts the knowledge acquisition mechanism into the static/dynamic user’s page. It is flexible once
the monitored applications can be developed in HTML, DHTML, XHTML or XML markup languages. It is scalable once it
can deal with massive network traffic, adopting scalable ArchCollect servers or scalable internal components. It is efficient
once it reduces drastically the preprocessing, sharing this hard activity with all users, and once it makes no log files
interpretation or complication. It is reliable once it eliminates browser and server caches problems. This project can collect
layout, usage and performance data, providing general application focus, like Srivastava et.al proposed.
Author
Data Mining; Layouts; Preprocessing; Websites; Data Acquisition
20050010022 Porto Univ., Portugal
Agent Programming Language with Incomplete Knowledge: AgentSpeak(I)
Ghose, Aditya; Vo, Duc; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 150; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper proposes an agent programming language called AgentSpeak(I). This new language allows agent programs (1)
to effectively perform while having incomplete knowledge of the environment, (2) to detect no-longer possible goals and
re-plan these goals correspondingly, and (3) to behave reactively to changes of environment. Specifically, AgentSpeak(I) uses
default theory as agent belief theory, agent always act with preferred default extension at current time point (i.e. preference
may changes over time). A belief change operator for default theory is also provided to assist agent program to update its belief
theory. Like other BDI agent programming languages, AgentSpeak(I) uses semantics of transitional system. It appears that the
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language is well suited for intelligent applications and high level control robots, which are required to perform in highly
dynamic environment.
Author
Programming Languages; Semantics; Artificial Intelligence
20050010026 Porto Univ., Portugal
Heterogeneous Integration Of Services Into An Open, Standardized Web Service: A Web Service-based CSCW/L
System
Halbsgut, Joerg; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 152; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
There are currently a wide variety of services that are difficult or impossible to use because their interfaces, protocols and
programming languages are either unknown or proprietary. In the future, this problem will be compounded by the growing
range of services available, especially in the area of e-learning, and not least by the increasing number of service consumers
(clients) and the resulting heterogeneity in terms of applications and protocols. The web service architecture presented in this
paper uses the successfully applied open-source sTeam system to illustrate how arbitrary services can be integrated into a
heterogeneous web service. A flexible service structure of this kind is designed to create standardized interfaces allowing new
web-based interoperability.
Author
Heterogeneity; Protocol (Computers); Applications Programs (Computers)
20050010033 Porto Univ., Portugal
Multi-Agent Systems and the Semantic Web: The SemantiCore Agent-Based Abstraction Layer
Ribeiro, Marcelo; Lucena, Carlos; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 154; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In the Web first years, it was claimed that it would revolutionize the way people work and learn by creating a rich
information environment where everybody would cooperate through content publish and recovering. This promising model
showed its limitations with the information explosive growth. Many initiatives were taken to address this problem, but none
of them gained such attention as the Semantic Web proposal. The combination of machine understandable content with human
oriented content can avoid information overload and create a new set of possibilities in terms of software development and
integration. Although the Semantic Web is on its very beginning, some proposals already address some requirements for the
Semantic Web creation. This paper presents the SemantiCore agent-based abstraction layer for the Semantic Web. The
SemantiCore uses high level agent-based abstractions to create applications for the semantic web. SemantiCore uses the
middleware concept to allow the integration with well known technologies such as the FIPAOS platform and the Web Services
standards.
Author
Applications Programs (Computers); Computer Programming; Software Engineering; Websites
20050010038 Porto Univ., Portugal
Dependability: A Forgotten Aspect In Location-Based Services
Katasonov, Artern; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 145; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The dependability aspect in location-based mobile services (LBSs) seems to be almost completely overlooked by both
practitioners and researchers. However, as we argue in this paper, LBSs are applications that require high dependability and
therefore this question must always be seriously considered when developing a new service. In recent years, mobile operation
have launched many LBSs, but often they have not been as successful as had been hoped. We believe that low dependability
is at least one principal reason that hinders user acceptance of existing services. In this paper, we discuss the existence of this
disagreement between the actual importance of LBS dependability and the level of attention towards it among practitioners
and researchers. We also identify and briefly discuss the major factors influencing dependability of LBSs, namely the quality
of content, software reliability, algorithms appropriateness, interface quality, and communication quality.
Author
Software Reliability; Algorithms; Applications Programs (Computers)
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20050010040 Porto Univ., Portugal
Using Mobile Agents to Search for Distributed Invisible Information
Carrapaloso, Eurico; Oliveira, Paula; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 151; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The access to the information available in the Web is facilitated by diverse search engines. However, there is a large
amount of information that is not accessible through these engines: the ‘Invisible Web’ or ‘Deep Web’. For the society to take
advantage of these vast available resources, it is important that efficient models for searching the Web are established and made
available for wide use. In this context, a model based mobile agents, adequate for searching for multimedia materials
accessible through a network, is presented in this article. The model has been designed having in mind that it should be open
distributed, modular and platform independent. To corroborate the proposed model, an experimental prototype has been
implemented, capable of searching heterogeneous databases accessible in the Web.
Author
Data Bases; Information Retrieval; Heterogeneity
20050010041 Porto Univ., Portugal
Modelling Mobile Agent Applications by Extended UML Activity Diagram
Taguchi, Kenji; Kang, Miao; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 154; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Mobile agent technology has gained increasing importance in recent years. However, little work has been done in defining
notations/languages to capture and model mobile agent applications. This paper presents extensions of UML activity diagram..
for modelling mobile agent applications, which capture specific features of mobile agents such as mobility, cloning and
communications. In order to demonstrate their applicability as a design notation, a mobile agent auction system is designed
in the proposed notation and is implemented in Java Agent Development (JADE) programming language.
Author
Computer Programming; Languages; Mobility
20050010042 Porto Univ., Portugal
Integrating Software Agents with the Existing Web Infrastructure
Yu, Leslie; Mahmoud, Qusay; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 161; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The mobile agent paradigm presents itself as a viable communication approach not only in the area of wired computing,
but more so in the disconnected mobile computing environment. The fundamental way in which distributed systems interact
nowadays is through the client-and-server paradigm, which has been around since the 1970s. In this paper, we will examine
some of the performance and extensibility advantages that the mobile agent paradigm will bring to the table. We will examine
how MA can bring about a better web browsing, information retrieval experience for end-users in both the wired and wireless
computing environment. A few hurdles that are stopping MA from becoming commonplace will be looked at. This will be
followed by a novel approach for integrating mobile agents into existing Web sites.
Author
Software Engineering; Websites; Systems Integration
20050010043 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Pattern for Interconnecting Distributed Components
Benali, Khalid; Godart, Claude; Gaaloul, Walid; Baina, Karim; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004],
pp. 163; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Nowadays, enterprises express huge needs for mechanisms allowing interconnection of their business components. Due
to the weakness of component integration facilities, a large amount of research and development has been made in this area.
Nevertheless, developed mechanisms are generally hard-coded, proprietary and lack a high level of abstraction. This paper
presents our contribution to the design, the implementation, and the experimentation of an architectural pattern named
‘Service’. This pattern is able to support interconnection and cooperation between distributed components independently of
their specific contexts (workflow processes, database robots, agents, networks nodes, etc.). Our ‘Service’ pattern proposes a
generic solution to interconnection and cooperation between components through object oriented structures and scenarios. The
essence of the pattern is the ability for ‘Service’ to provide registration, discovery, negotiation and dynamic API information
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on behalf of a contained service. Moreover, several alternatives are presented to implement our pattern.
Author
Commerce; Data Bases; Architecture (Computers); Coding
20050010046 Porto Univ., Portugal
BulB: Visualizing Bulletin Board Activity
Elsweiler, David; MacCormack, Alasdair; Ferguson, John; Mohamed, Rehman; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet
Computing; [2004], pp. 160; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Visualisation is well known as an effective means of enriching user interaction with complex systems. Recent research
with online communities has considered the application of visualisation tool support, with the intention of further improving
communication between community members. This paper reviews existing work in this area with specific reference to the
application of visualisation to improve user interaction within online forums such as bulletin boards. The paper then outlines
work undertaken by the authors to develop a second-generation visualisation tool - ‘BulB’.
Author
Complex Systems; Applications Programs (Computers); Software Development Tools
20050010048 Porto Univ., Portugal
Designing a Web-Based Application Framework
Zhao, Liping; Ibrahim, Abdelgadir; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 165; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
A framework can be viewed as a design scheme from which application systems derive. The article illustrates the design
of a time booking framework. It describes the various design steps and considerations, from the requirements gathering,
architectural arrangement to the organisation of classes. It shows that the framework can be easily extended to implement an
application system.
Author
Computer Systems Design; World Wide Web; Applications Programs (Computers)
20050010052 Porto Univ., Portugal
Modeling Web Services Interoperability
Melliti, Tarak; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 167; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
With the development of the semantic Web, the specification of Web services has evolved from a ‘remote procedure call’
style to a behavioral description including standard constructors of programming languages. Such a transformation introduces
new problems since traditional clients will not be able to interact with these sophisticated services. In this work, we develop
a generic agent capable to fully control the interaction process with a Web service given its XLANG behavioral description
(XLANG being one of these languages). At first, we give an operational semantic to XLANG in terms of timed transition
systems. Then we define a relation between two communicating systems which formalizes the concept of a correct interaction
and we propose an algorithm which either detects ambiguity of the Web service or generates a timed deterministic automaton
which controls the agent behavior during the interaction with the service. Starting from these theoretical developments we
have built a platform which ensures to a user the correct handling of any complex Web service dynamically discovered through
the Web.
Author
Algorithms; World Wide Web; Information Retrieval
20050010054 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Feasibility Study Of a Proposed Unified Semantic Infrastructure In The European Construction Sector
Rezgui, Yacine; Meziane, Farid; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 144; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
FUNSIEC (Proposal No. 42059Y3C3FPAL2) is a research project funded by the European Commission (EC) under the
e-Content programme. The key objective of FUNSIEC is to study the feasibility of building and maintaining an Open
Semantic Infrastructure for the European Construction Sector (OSIECS) at a technical, organizational and business level. This
infrastructure is being built by gathering multi-lingual linguistic electronic resources (e-resources) devoted to the construction
sector, including various ontologies, taxonomies produced by international initiatives and EC-funded projects. OSIECS will
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be made available to content and service providers, as well as to other actors in the construction area, to help them exploit
fully the advantages of Construction-oriented semantic-based e-resources.
Author
Feasibility; Semantics; Europe
20050010058 Porto Univ., Portugal
Using Interaction Protocols In Distributed Construction Processes
Toivonen, Santtu; Helin, Heikki; Min, Jung Ung; Pitkaranta, Tapio; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing;
[2004], pp. 133; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
We present an interaction protocol based approach for facilitating distributed construction processes. In our approach,
software agents represent various participants of a construction project---such as contractor, subcontractor, and supplier. These
agents are supposed to communicate according to predefined interaction protocols. Should an agent be unaware of some
protocol needed in the process, it benefits from mechanisms for adopting it. We approach this problem with interaction
protocol descriptions serialized in a commonly agreed upon format and design our agents so that they can adapt to the
descriptions. We present a scenario in the field of construction industry, where the project participants do not know in advance
how to communicate with each other. However, by adapting to the protocol descriptions provided by the respective parties they
are eventually able to interact.
Author
Computer Programs; Protocol (Computers); Communicating
20050010059 Porto Univ., Portugal
MGAIA: Extending The Gala Methodology To Model Mobile Agent Systems
Krishnaswamy, Shonali; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 149; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Mobile agents are a class of software agents that have the ability to move from host to host and are particularly relevant
for mobile and distributed applications. The development of several mobile agent implementation environments has
necessitated conceptual modelling techniques for mobile agent applications. In this paper, we present mGaia, our extension
of the Gala Agent Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) methodology to model mobile agent systems. We discuss our
experiences from applying a software engineering approach to building mobile agent applications by modelling applications
using mGaia and mapping these models to two mobile agent toolkits, Aglets and Grasshopper.
Author
Computer Programming; Mobile Communication Systems; Grasshoppers
20050010061 Porto Univ., Portugal
Design and Evaluation of Software Agents for Online Negotiations
Chari, Kaushai; Agrawal, Manish; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 137; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper presents a negotiation heuristic for software agents that enable agents to use market information and learn
about the opponent’s behavior while conducting online negotiations. The heuristic is tested in a pilot experimental study,
where the performance of agents is evaluated with respect to human negotiators in a simulated electronic market. Preliminary
results indicate that agents may have the potential to do better than humans in multi-issue negotiation settings.
Author
Computer Programs; Design Analysis; Evaluation
20050010062 Porto Univ., Portugal
The Impact of the Communication and Information Technologies in the Educational System: Case Study of North of
Portugal and South of Galicia
Crespo, Luis Vilan; Costa, Paulo; DiezSanches, Ana Isabel; Cota, Manuel Perez; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet
Computing; [2004], pp. 137; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This article intends to synthesize the results obtained by the investigation work done in the North of Portugal ans South
of Galicia, by GEAC - Group of Teaching Attended by Computer, of the Vigo University, under orientation of the PhD. Manuel
Perez Cota. The main objective, in this investigation phase, is to try to identify the teacher’s profile, his sensibility for the
teaching-learning process based in the technologies, in what way are or not the computer sciences tools used, how, when and
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where, the knowledge were acquired, in the meaning of computer science, for the teacher, try to identify the decisive causes
and the importance of these, for an appropriate use of the computer science in the education process, inside of the your class
Author
Communication; Information; Education; Instructors
20050010063 Porto Univ., Portugal
Towards an Agent-Based and Context-Oriented Approach
Maamar, Zakaria; Mostefaoui, Soraya Kouadri; Yahyaoui, Hamdi; vandenHeuvel, Willem-Jan; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents
and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 133-134; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
We present an agent-based and context-oriented approach for the composition ofWeb services. AWeb service is an
accessible application that other applications and humans can discover and trigger to satisfy certain needs, e.g., hotel booking.
Because of the complexity that characterizes the composition of Web services, two concepts in this paper are put forward to
reduce this complexity namely software agent and context. A software agent is an autonomous entity that acts on behalf of
users, whereas context is any relevant information that characterizes a situation. During the composition process, software
agents engage conversations with their peers to agree on the Web services that will participate in this process. In these
conversations, agents take into account the execution context of the Web services.
Author
Websites; Autonomy; Information Analysis; Information Retrieval
20050010122 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Using Block-local Atomicity to Detect Stale-value Concurrency Errors
Artho, Cyrille; Havelund, Klaus; Biere, Armin; [2004]; 14 pp.; In English; Automated Technology for Verification and
Analysis, 2004, Taiwan, Province of China
Contract(s)/Grant(s): QSS-132; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Data races do not cover all kinds of concurrency errors. This paper presents a data-flow-based technique to find stale-value
errors, which are not found by low-level and high-level data race algorithms. Stale values denote copies of shared data where
the copy is no longer synchronized. The algorithm to detect such values works as a consistency check that does not require
any assumptions or annotations of the program. It has been implemented as a static analysis in JNuke. The analysis is sound
and requires only a single execution trace if implemented as a run-time checking algorithm. Being based on an analysis of Java
bytecode, it encompasses the full program semantics, including arbitrarily complex expressions. Related techniques are more
complex and more prone to over-reporting.
Author
Computer Programming; Algorithms; Error Detection Codes
20050010143 Research Inst. for Advanced Computer Science, Moffett Field, CA, USA, NASA Ames Research Center,
Moffett Field, CA, USA
Knowledge Navigation for Virtual Vehicles
Gomez, Julian E.; [2004]; 5 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC-21426
Report No.(s): Rept-2004-01-3121; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
A virtual vehicle is a digital model of the knowledge surrounding a potentially real vehicle. Knowledge consists not only
of the tangible information, such as CAD, but also what is known about the knowledge - its metadata. This paper is an
overview of technologies relevant to building a virtual vehicle, and an assessment of how to bring those technologies together.
Author
Computer Aided Design; Metadata; Navigation
20050010167 Manchester Univ., UK, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Program Monitoring with LTL in EAGLE
Barringer, Howard; Goldberg, Allen; Havelund, Klaus; Sen, Koushik; [2004]; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): GR/S40435/01; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
We briefly present a rule-based framework called EAGLE, shown to be capable of defining and implementing finite trace
monitoring logics, including future and past time temporal logic, extended regular expressions, real-time and metric temporal
logics (MTL), interval logics, forms of quantified temporal logics, and so on. In this paper we focus on a linear temporal logic
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(LTL) specialization of EAGLE. For an initial formula of size m, we establish upper bounds of O(m(sup 2)2(sup m)log m)
and O(m(sup 4)2(sup 2m)log(sup 2) m) for the space and time complexity, respectively, of single step evaluation over an input
trace. This bound is close to the lower bound O(2(sup square root m) for future-time LTL presented. EAGLE has been
successfully used, in both LTL and metric LTL forms, to test a real-time controller of an experimental NASA planetary rover.
Author
Real Time Operation; Temporal Logic; Logic Programming
20050010168 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Semantic-Web Technology: Applications at NASA
Ashish, Naveen; October 22, 2004; 4 pp.; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
We provide a description of work at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on building system
based on semantic-web concepts and technologies. NASA has been one of the early adopters of semantic-web technologies
for practical applications. Indeed there are several ongoing 0 endeavors on building semantics based systems for use in diverse
NASA domains ranging from collaborative scientific activity to accident and mishap investigation to enterprise search to
scientific information gathering and integration to aviation safety decision support We provide a brief overview of many
applications and ongoing work with the goal of informing the external community of these NASA endeavors.
Author
Websites; Architecture (Computers); Project Management
20050010187 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
An Integrated Centroid Finding and Particle Overlap Decomposition Algorithm for Stereo Imaging Velocimetry
McDowell, Mark; December 2004; 16 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-708-24-05
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2004-213365; E-14833; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
An integrated algorithm for decomposing overlapping particle images (multi-particle objects) along with determining
each object s constituent particle centroid(s) has been developed using image analysis techniques. The centroid finding
algorithm uses a modified eight-direction search method for finding the perimeter of any enclosed object. The centroid is
calculated using the intensity-weighted center of mass of the object. The overlap decomposition algorithm further analyzes the
object data and breaks it down into its constituent particle centroid(s). This is accomplished with an artificial neural network,
feature based technique and provides an efficient way of decomposing overlapping particles. Combining the centroid finding
and overlap decomposition routines into a single algorithm allows us to accurately predict the error associated with finding
the centroid(s) of particles in our experiments. This algorithm has been tested using real, simulated, and synthetic data and
the results are presented and discussed.
Author
Image Analysis; Imaging Techniques; Velocity Measurement; Stereoscopy
20050010188 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Operation and Maintenance Support Information (OMSI) Creation, Management, and Repurposing With XML
Raymond, Scott P., Author; Sep. 2004; 139 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427535; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
New facility construction and existing facility renovation create new or modified operation and maintenance (O&M)
requirements for the maintenance responsibility organization such as a Public Works Department (PWD). This O&M
requirement is fully described by an Operation and Maintenance Support Information (OMSI) package. OMSI content
includes facility, systems, and product information. This thesis will address information integration, the process of allowing
information systems to cross-communicate and share data. OMSI information integrated within the framework of a
Computer-Aided Facility Management (CAFM) system allows for early identification of O&M requirements, an improved
planning capability for new facilities, and more efficient economies of scale. In addition to PWD manpower savings,
OMSI-CAFM integration will also allow a revolution in the way O&M requirements are planned and created. Preliminary
OMSI information would be ideally created by the design A/E after having considered work force capability from both a
workload and expertise perspective. While this may be impractical due to the changing nature of workforce capability and the
lengthy planning and design cycle of military construction, OMSI-CAFM integration will certainly allow O&M planning to
begin early in the OMSI development stages. OMSI submittals can be layered to provide preliminary planning information
in the first submittal and add additional detailed information in later submittals. In such a manner, PWD O&M planners can
138
begin an incremental planning effort early in the facility construction phase. This thesis provides a non-proprietary, no-cost
solution to OMSI-CAFM information integration that minimizes specialized knowledge on the part of the OMSI AE. An
effective solution must also provide for easy and inexpensive repurposing of OMSI information for future uses. The solution
uses XML technologies for the repurposing of OMSI information.
DTIC
Computer Storage Devices; Data Storage; Document Markup Languages; Information Management; Maintenance;
Management Information Systems
20050010190 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Simulating Clouds with Procedural Texturing Techniques Using the GPU
Tarantilis, Georgios E., Author; Sep. 2004; 69 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427539; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Many 3D training simulations employ static, and to some extent, simplistic natural phenomena representation that often
leaves much to be desired. Taking advantage of the latest advancements in computer graphics hardware allows modeling
dynamic natural phenomena such as clouds. Specifically, utilizing procedural techniques and high-level shading languages, it
is possible to produce considerably more realistic simulations. This thesis designed and implemented a visual simulation
component, which renders convincing clouds using procedural noise-based texture mapping techniques. Both traditional
rendering and shader-enabled rendering supported by the OpenGL Shading Language are utilized. This component has been
included in the Delta3d simulation engine and is used to create convincing clouds in outdoor simulations while the
performance penalty imposed is considered acceptable. Custom tools have been developed for easy noise texture
parameterization and cross-platform compatibility has been demonstrated.
DTIC
Computer Graphics; Computerized Simulation; Education; Simulation
20050010202 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Salisbury, Australia
Comparison of Human and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) Judgements of Pairwise Document Similarities for a News
Corpus
Pincombe, Brandon, Author; Sep. 2004; 44 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427585; DODA-AR-013-177; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Pairwise similarity judgement correlations between humans and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) were explored on a set
of 50 news documents. LSA is a modern and commonly used technique for automatic determination of document similarity.
LSA users must choose local and global weighting schemes, the number of factors to be retained, stop word lists and whether
to background. Global weighting schemes had more effect than local weighting schemes. Use of a stop word list almost always
improved performance. Introduction of a background set of similar documents increased larger correlations and reduced
smaller ones The correlations ranged between approximately 0 and 0.6 depending on the LSA settings indicating the
importance of correct settings The low maximum correlation indicates that information presentation schemes based on LSA
may often be at variance with visualisations based on human decisions even using the best settings for a data set.
DTIC
Analogies; Information Retrieval; Semantics
20050010210 Teknowledge Corp., Palo Alto, CA USA
En-Gauging Architectures
Balzer, Robert M., Author; Wile, David S., Author; Oct. 2004; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-00-C-0200; DARPA ORDER-K157; Proj-DASA
Report No.(s): AD-A427688; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2004-276; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
The goals of the En-gauging Architectures project were (1) to provide community infrastructure that allows programmers
to dynamically place probes and gauges into running systems, and (2) to provide dynamic architecture modeling support,
specifically for architecture gauges and reconfiguration. In support of (1), our approach was to abstract the experience gained
from the Instrumented Connector technology, which allows complex COTS systems running on the Windows platform to be
probed, to identify a common run-time infrastructure for a variety of such probe technologies and the facilities needed for
those probes to provide inputs to a broad set of gauges. Several DASADA contractors tested the viability of that design by
implementing it for their own probe technologies. In support of (2), we developed a COTS infrastructure for analyzing and
139
manipulating architecture models expressed in the Acme architecture description language. We used PowerPoint as an Acme
Design Editor that monitors the actual run-time architecture of a system, reifies it into an Acme architecture model, and
animates its dynamic behavior through architecture gauges reflected on the screen as a PowerPoint presentation.
DTIC
Measuring Instruments; Systems Analysis
20050010214 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA
Particle Simulation of Plume-Plume and Plume-Surface Interactions
Gimeishein, S. F., Author; Ketsdever, A. D., Author; Wadsworth, D. C., Author; Sep. 2004; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2308; Proj-0468
Report No.(s): AD-A427698; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Numerical modeling of two- and three-dimensional low Reynolds number gas flows from small nozzles has been
performed using the direct simulation (DSMC) method. The objective of this effort is to gain an improved understanding of
performance and plume interaction phenomena for low thrust devices and thus improve the design and optimization process
for a variety of micro-propulsion systems. Simulations were performed for a wide range of flow parameters using the SMILE
parallel DSMC code. Validation has been conducted through comparison of mass flow and thrust values obtained numerically
with results of experimental measurements carried out recently by AFRL researchers.
DTIC
Computerized Simulation; Distributed Interactive Simulation; Particle Motion; Plumes; Reynolds Number; Simulation;
Surface Reactions; Thrust Control
20050010225 Franklin W. Olin Coll. of Engineering, Needham, MA USA
Shifting the Computational Paradigm
Stein, Lynn A., Author; Oct. 2004; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-01-2-0512; DARPA ORDER-L237; Proj-TASK
Report No.(s): AD-A427731; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2004-274; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
This contract concerns the development of semantic web infrastructure and tools through the DARPA Agent Markup
Language (DAML) program. (1) Language development. Stein (PI) was original coauthor of the language documents that
became the current World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation for a semantic web language, OWL. (2) Semantic
web services and agents. Olin College worked extensively with members of the DAML-S (web services) team to develop an
agent-based understanding of semantic web services. The result, described in joint publications, led to a re-envisioning of web
services as active participants in a dynamic environment. (3) Document lifecycle tools. Stein and her group developed a set
of semantic web based tools for collaborative document authoring and document lifecycle management. These tools were
deployed at Olin College and on the DAML website at daml.org. (4) Semantic web maturity assessment. This group evaluated
the suitability of existing DAML and semantic web tools for application construction, including a maturity assessment that
fed into the DAML program decision to focus on producing a mature tool suite. (5) Meaning on the semantic web. The
semantic web marries knowledge representation to massively distributed infrastructure. This project analyzed the failures of
traditional centralized, objectivist approaches to meaning in this context.
DTIC
Computer Programs
20050010229 University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
Developing Effective Strategies and Performance Metrics for Automatic Target Recognition
Alam, M. S., Author; Awwal, A. A. S., Author; Iftekharuddin, K., Author; Sep. 2004; 74 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-01-1-0728; 43004-CT
Report No.(s): AD-A427752; ARO-43004.1-C1; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
University of South Alabama segment: In this report, we presented four multiple target tracking algorithms and two
data/decision fusion algorithm for efficient target tracking in FLIR imagery. The performance of these algorithms has been
evaluated using two approaches - evaluation based on the input scene data complexity, and evaluation based on the correlation
output produced by each algorithm. Finally, we investigated target detection in the initial frame of a sequence using two
techniques assuming no target information is known a priori. (Details included in the report). University of Memphis segment:
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We primarily focus on the performance measure characterization for both the dataset and our developed algorithms. We
developed a composite metric table with different performance measures that demonstrates the capability of our two specific
techniques, such as intensity and correlation algorithms, for detection and tracking. We also developed additional metric such
as signal-to-noise ratio and classification for the entire dataset into low, medium and high categories. (Details included in the
report). Wright State University segment: In this report, we explored the search engine design which allows for easy plug in
of multiple search methods. Therefore, scenes can be evaluated based upon the performance of different matching algorithms.
The key idea of this search method is to take advantage of the ‘divide and concur’ concept. Instead of searching for a pattern
in a large image, a smart approach is taken to divide the image space into overlapping pattern of sub-images. Search is then
based on upon best match with sub- image. (Details included in the report).
DTIC
Detection; Target Acquisition; Target Recognition
20050010243 Department of Defense, Washington, DC USA
Uniform Federal Policy for Quality Assurance Project Plans: Evaluating, Assessing, and Documenting Environmental
Data Collection and Use Programs. Part 1. UFP-QAPP Manual
Jul. 2004; 178 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427785; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Part 1 of the Uniform Federal Policy for Quality Assurance Project Plans (the UFP-QAPP Manual), prepared by the
Intergovernmental Data Quality Task Force (IDQTF), provides instructions for preparing Quality Assurance Project Plans
(QAPPs). It is the companion document to the IDQTF’s Uniform Federal Policy for Implementing Environmental Quality
Systems (UFP-QS). The UFP-QS was developed to consistently implement the quality system requirements of ANSI/ASQ
EA, Quality Systems for Environmental Data and Technology Programs - Requirements with guidance for use, Section 5 (Part
A). Similarly, this UFP-QAPP Manual has been developed to consistently implement the project-specific requirements in
Section 6 of that standard (ANSI/ASQ E4). This Manual requires that QAPP be approved for all environmental data collection
projects. The QAPP will integrate technical and quality control aspects of a project throughout its life cycle, including
planning, implementation, assessment, and corrective actions. The QAPP will present the steps that will be taken to ensure
that environmental data collected are of the correct type and quality required for specific decision or use. It will present an
organized and systematic description of the ways in which quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) will be applied
to the collection and use of environmental data.
DTIC
Data Acquisition; Data Management; Hazardous Wastes; Manuals; Policies; Quality Control
20050010249 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA
Design of a Non-Contact Vibration Measurement and Analysis System for Electronic Board Testing
Arn, Krissa E., Author; Jun. 2004; 137 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00030-04-C-0010
Report No.(s): AD-A427802; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Traditional vibration measurement methods involve placing accelerometers at discrete locations on a test object. In cases
where the test specimen is small in mass, the addition of these measurement transducers can alter its dynamic behavior and
lead to erroneous test data. In this thesis a Non-Contact Vibration Measurement and Analysis System has been designed, built,
and tested for electronic board testing. Through a product design process, all feasible methods were considered and three
optically based concepts were explored: holographic interferometry, area scaling, and displacement sensor grid. Through
concept testing and analysis, the displacement sensor grid method was chosen for the design. The final system incorporates
four laser displacement sensors with a vertical scrolling mechanism that attaches to the vibration table’s side rails. This manual
scanning system provides a quick, low cost method for capturing multiple points on the test object during vibration testing.
The MATLAB based software package acquires the raw sensor output and processes it with a five step analysis program. With
this software, an 8x4 grid of electronic board displacements were easily transformed into a movie showing the board
displacing through its first mode. The system requires the sensors be positioned 1cm away from the test object with the sensors
reading up to 1mm of movement. The sensors have a maximum sample rate of 7.8 kHz and can be used to measure the
displacements of any surface type or material. The measurement grid resolution is 0.7 inches horizontally and 0.4 inches
vertically. Testing showed that the system captured the natural frequency and peak displacement of the board’s first mode
within 1.5% accuracy and 0.7% accuracy respectively when compared with previous accelerometer grid testing. A hardware
141
and software manual are included for reference at the end of this thesis along with a software CD.
DTIC
Accelerometers; Computer Programs; Detection; Optical Measurement; Vibration; Vibration Measurement
20050010251 Air Force Research Lab., Rome, NY USA
Distributed Information Enterprise Modeling and Simulation (DIEMS)
Hanna, James, Author; Hillman, Robert, Author; Oct. 2004; 45 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-450T
Report No.(s): AD-A427806; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2004-273; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
The Air Force is developing a Distributed Information Enterprise Modeling and Simulation (DIEMS) framework under
sponsorship of the High Performance Computer Modernization Office Common High Performance Computing Software
Support Initiative (HPCMO/CHSSI). The DIEMS framework provides a design analysis environment for deployable
distributed information management systems. DIEMS establishes the necessary analysis capability allowing developers to
identify and mitigate programmatic risk early within the development cycle to allow successful deployment of the associated
systems. The enterprise-modeling framework builds upon the Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and
Discrete-Event Simulation (SPEEDES) foundation. This simulation framework will utilize ‘Challenge Problem’ class
resources to address more than five million information objects and hundreds of thousands of clients comprising the future
information based force structure. The simulation framework will be capable of assessing deployment aspects such as security,
quality of service, and fault tolerance. SPEEDES provides an ideal foundation to support simulation of distributed information
systems on a multiprocessor platform. SPEEDES allows the simulation builder to perform optimistic parallel processing on
high performance computers, networks of workstations, or combinations of networked computers and HPC platforms.
DTIC
Computerized Simulation; Distributed Processing; Simulation
20050010253 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
Dynamic Assembly, Assessment, Assurance, and Adaptation via Heterogeneous Software Connectors
Boehm, Barry, Author; Medvidovic, Nenad, Author; Oct. 2004; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-DASA
Report No.(s): AD-A427812; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2004-275; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
This effort provided innovative capabilities for two key stages of software development. During specification and design
time, component mismatch detection gauges are provided, indicating the particular type, dimension, and value of the
mismatch. This mapped into the taxonomy of software architectural connectors used for resolving the mismatch. Examples
of mappings from the mismatches into the effective classes of connectors included procedure calls, events, arbitrators,
adaptors, and distributors. This effort also developed techniques for specifying and analyzing properties of product line
architectures (PLAs) and extended existing architecture analysis techniques and tools for dynamic composition and
assessment/verification to ensure that the selected components and connectors were appropriately configured and dynamically
integrated into the operational system. For the deployment and run time stage, this effort focused on application architectures
and gauges tailored for distributed, mobile, heterogeneous, and possibly resource constrained platforms. Several different
gauges were provided: I) gauges for assessing new component versions when performing component upgrades, 2) gauges for
assessing properties of heterogeneous connectors, and finally, 3) gauges to support awareness and quality of service (QoS) for
distributed applications. The research also extended these gauges based on a problem-driven set of priorities.
DTIC
Computer Programs; Connectors; Heterogeneity; Knowledge Based Systems
20050010263 Kentucky Univ., Lexington, KY USA
Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling
Gedney, Stephen D., Author; Oct. 2004; 45 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-01-1-0022
Report No.(s): AD-A427824; EMG-04-001; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This report presents a fast, high-order hybrid volume/surface integral equation formulation developed under the DARPA
VET program for the electromagnetic scattering by composite material targets. The solution is based on a high-order method
142
of moment discretization with quadrature point collocation scheme, shown to be equivalent to the Locally Corrected Nystrom
formulation. The general solution procedure has been incorporated into the University of Kentucky Mat-Scat software.
Mat-Scat also supports fast iterative solvers, including the Quadrature-Sampled Pre-Corrected FFT and the Fast Multipole
Method. Also discussed is a high-order mesh processing software, Mesh Tool, used to generate high-order mesh descriptions
of complex objects for simulation via Mat-Scat.
DTIC
Electromagnetic Scattering
20050010269
Initial Testing of a New GPS Receiver, the PolaRx2, for Time and Frequency Transfer Using Dual-Frequency Codes
and Carrier Phases
Defraigne, P., Author; Bruyninx, C., Author; Roosbeek, F., Author; Sep. 2004; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427832; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
To contribute to TAI, the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB) routinely performs all-inview time transfer using an
Ashtech Z-XII3T GPS receiver and the in-house-developed RINEXCGGTTS conversion software. In order to anticipate the
renewal of that kind of time transfer equipment, the ROB started to test a new geodetic GPS receiver, the PolaRx2, developed
by Septentrio (Belgium), for suitability for time transfer applications. Our results, obtained using codes as well as carrier
phases, show that this receiver is very promising, with a 1 pps input port, and a very low noise level on the codes. However,
we proposed and started to evaluate some hardware and firmware adaptations to improve its performances for continuous and
precise (sub-ns) time transfer. The present firmware release indeed introduces clock discontinuities at each receiver reset, and
produces variations at the level of tenths of nanosecond due to internal temperature variations related to changes in the
processor load (depending on the number of used channels).
DTIC
Frequencies; Global Positioning System; Receivers
20050010282 Timing Solutions Corp., Boulder, CO USA
Common-View LORAN-C as a Backup to GPS for Precise Time Recovery
Celano, Tom, Author; Biggs, Casey, Author; Lombardi, Michael, Author; Sep. 2004; 13 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427851; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The LORAN-C network is being recapitalized to serve as a backup to GPS for navigation and timing. LORAN-C is being
investigated as a precision (sub 100 ns) time recovery system for use in the continental USA. Traditionally, LORAN-C time
recovery has been limited by propagation effects (both spatial and temporal) to provide time recovery in the microsecond
range. By employing common-view techniques long used in GPS, the potential exists to enhance time recovery performance
by over an order of magnitude using LORAN-C. The LORAN-C accuracy Panel (run by the US Coast Guard) has sponsored
a research project to collect data and determine the performance level for time recovery using common-view LORAN-C. This
paper presents the results of that work. This paper begins with a short overview of the LORAN-C recapitalization project, with
an emphasis on timing enhancements at the transmitting stations. A description of the commonview LORAN-C test network
follows. Data collected in Boulder will be corrected via commonview using a near field station and a far field station. Results
will be analyzed to determine the dependence of time recovery precision on distance.
DTIC
Global Positioning System; Loran C; Navigation Aids
20050010356 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA
Recommendations for a New and Improved ORCA Modeling System Blast Module
Litt, Owen P., Author; Sep. 2004; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A428071; ARL-TR-3320; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The blast module of the Operational Requirement-based Casualty Assessment (ORCA) modeling system computer
software package was reviewed and compared to the WRAIR blast injury model (INJURY). As a result, recommendations are
presented in this report to improve ORCA by expanding it capabilities consistent with INJURY results and to expand the
ORCA input-output capabilities. The recommended improvements include incorporating a newly developed ORCA
143
mathematical lethality/injury blast effects model and its computer implementation, ORCA model changes, and expanded user
interaction capabilities.
DTIC
Injuries
20050010378 Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA USA
Training in Peacekeeping Operations Using Virtual Environments
Loftin, R. B., Author; Scerbo, Mark W., Author; McKenzie, Rick, Author; Catanzaro, Jean M., Author; Bailey, Nathan R.,
Author; Phillips, Mark A., Author; Perry1, Gaye, Author; Apr. 2004; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A428142; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
No abstract available
Education; Virtual Reality
20050019170 Intertrust Technologies Corp., Santa Clara, CA USA
Systems and Methods for Secure Transaction Management and Electronic Rights Protection
Ginter, Karl L., Inventor; Shear, Victor H., Inventor; Spahn, Francis J., Inventor; Van Wie, David M., Inventor; Jul. 2002;
55 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A423264; PATENT-6 427 140; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The present invention provides systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection.
Electronic appliances such as computers equipped in accordance with the present invention help to ensure that information
is accessed and used only in authorized ways, and maintain the integrity, availability, and/or confidentiality of the information.
Such electronic appliances provide a distributed virtual distribution environment (VDE) that may enforce a secure chain of
handling and control, for example, to control and/or meter or otherwise monitor use of electronically stored or disseminated
information. Such a virtual distribution environment may be used to protect the rights of various participants in electronic
commerce and other electronic or electronic-facilitated transactions. Distributed and other operating systems, environments,
and architectures, such as, for example, those using tamper-resistant, hardware-based processors, may establish security at
each node. These techniques may be used to support an all-electronic information distribution utilizing the ‘electronic
highway.’ In general, the present invention can be used to protect the rights of parties who have proprietary or confidentiality
interests in electronic information (it can help ensure that information is used only in authorized ways); the rights of parties
who have financial interests resulting from the use of electronically distributed information (it can help ensure that content
providers will be paid for the use of distributed information); and the rights of parties who have interests in electronic credit
and electronic currency storage, communication, and/or use, including electronic cash, banking, and purchasing. VDE protects
the property rights of authors of electronic content, the commercial rights of distributors of content, the privacy rights of users
of content, and the privacy rights of parties portrayed by stored and/or distributed content.
DTIC
Data Transmission; Protection; Pulse Communication; Security; Systems Management
20050019171 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS USA
ReSpell Checkgional Morphology Analysis Package (RMAP), Part 1, Overview
Batten, Brian K.; Kraus, Nicholas C.; Sep. 2004; 30 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427809; ERDC/RSM-TN-16-Pt-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This regional Sediment Management (RSM) Technical Note describes the Regional Morphology Analysis Package
(RMAP), an integrated set of tools developed for manipulating, analyzing, visualizing, and archiving data on shoreline
positions and beach profiles in a georeferenced environment on a personal computer. Information can be referenced to and
displayed on aerial photographs and maps. Developed to support regional as well as local project studies, data types and
analysis procedures are applicable to coasts, estuaries, and rivers. This technical note provides an overview of RMAP. Future
technical notes in the RMAP series will describe specific features and new capabilities.
DTIC
Morphology; Sediment Transport
20050019175 Rand Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
Extracting Tactical Data from Operation Orders
Kipps, James R.; Marti, Jed B.; Jan. 1992; 50 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA903-91-C-0006
Report No.(s): AD-A428187; RAND/N-3300-A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
144
The User-Assisted Translation of Operational Plans (UATOP) project and Anticipating Combat Ammunition
Consumption (ACAC) project are building tools to assist Division Ammunition Officers (DAOs) in anticipating ammunition
consumption before battle. This capability is a vital component of logistics operations in the Army’s emerging AirLand
Operations doctrine. Operating with future Army information systems, the program will examine operation orders (OPORDs)
and simulate the battle and potential courses of action to estimate consumption quantity and location of high-cost, high-weight
munitions. Significantly improving the DAO’s capability will increase combat unit effectiveness by minimizing the amount
of extra ammunition that must be carried by a unit if oversupplied, thus freeing up vehicles and enabling more rapid
deployment. Likewise, the system will pinpoint potential undersupply problems before the battle. A key to the ACAC
simulation technology is the ability for the simulation to ‘understand’ the contents of OPORDs. This includes establishing task
force organization and locating and translating the tasks to perform. Because OPORDs contain English directives written for
people and not machines, current machine-translation techniques are not directly suitable for extracting OPORD data. RAND
has developed a new machine-translation approach that takes advantage of the prescribed 5-paragraph format of OPORDs to
identify and isolate pertinent pieces of information. This approach uses concise and clear rules to antomatically generate
programs that take as input textual OPORDs, such as those transmitted through the Maneuver Control System (MCS), extracts
the desired data, and outputs this data as input to other computer systems. This report describes the structure and operation
of the OPORG translation system. (9 figures, 12 refs.)
DTIC
Compilers; Extraction; Machine Translation; Parsing Algorithms
20050019176 Visitech Ltd., Alexandria, VA USA
Establishing Human Performance (Decision Making) and Natural Environment Consistency Across Integrated Naval
Simulations
Blake, Donna W.; Hummel, John R.; Jun. 2004; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): GS-00F-0045N
Report No.(s): AD-A428224; TR-MORS006; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The performance of military systems (platforms, sensors and weapons) for real world operations is affected by both
natural environment conditions and human performance. As shown in an earlier presentation (MORSS 71) human
performance (decision making) is linked directly to the scenario environment conditions, present and past. As the Navy moves
to increased automation on board ships, the software developed must incorporate the interaction of human performance
(decision making) and the scenario environment conditions. The Systems Engineering Concept Model (SECM) is being used
in several Navy programs to capture and analyze all relevant entities, their attributes and their interactions in a defined military
scenario, first from the real world view and then from the software perspective. The process can be used to capture the
functional requirements that insure the relevant interactions between the decision making and the scenario environment
conditions are identified.
DTIC
Computer Programs; Consistency; Decision Making; Human Performance; Simulation
62
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Includes computer networks and distributed processing systems. For information systems see 82 Documentation and Information
Science. For computer systems applied to specific applications, see the associated category.
20040201465 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
An Approach to Vulnerability Assessment for Navy Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems
Hart, Dennis J., Author; Sep. 2004; 182 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427332; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The unfortunate events of September 11, 2001 have caused a renewed effort to protect our Nation’s Critical
Infrastructures. SCADA systems are relied upon in a large number of the sectors that make up the critical infrastructure, and
their importance was reinforced during the massive power outage that occurred in August 2003. Growing reliance upon the
Internet has emphasized the vulnerability of SCADA system communications to cyber attack. Only through diligent and
continuous vulnerability assessment and certification and accreditation of these systems will the USA be able to mitigate some
of the vulnerabilities of these systems. A case study presented here has validated the need for continued focus in this area. This
thesis consolidates some of the research that has already been done in the area of SCADA vulnerability assessment and applies
145
it by developing an initial vulnerability assessment checklist for Department of the Navy systems. This checklist can and
should also be used in the certification and accreditation of DoN SCADA systems. A promising technology was also
discovered during this research that should be explored further to secure SCADA communications. This will be touched on
briefly.
DTIC
Data Acquisition; Navy; Vulnerability
20040201466 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Risk Assessment of the Naval Postgraduate School Gigabit Network
Rowlands, Dennis, Author; Shumaker, Todd, Author; Sep. 2004; 149 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427537; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This research thoroughly examines the current Naval Postgraduate School Gigabit Network security posture, identifies
any possible threats or vulnerabilities, and recommends any appropriate safeguards that may be necessary to counter the found
threats and vulnerabilities. The research includes any portion of computer security, physical security, personnel security, and
communication security that may be applicable to the overall security of both the .mil and .edu domains. The goal of the
research was to ensure that the campus network is operating with the proper amount of security safeguards to protect the
confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authenticity adequately from both insider and outsider threats. Risk analysis was
performed by assessing all of the possible threat and vulnerability combinations to determine the likelihood of exploitation
and the potential impact the exploitation could have on the system, the information, and the mission of the Naval Postgraduate
School. The results of the risk assessment performed on the network are to be used by the Designated Approving Authority
of the Naval Postgraduate School Gigabit network when deciding whether to accredit the system.
DTIC
Assessments; Client Server Systems; Risk; Schools; Security
20050001295 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Experience in Management of Imprecise Soil Databases by Means of Fuzzy Association Rules and Fuzzy
Approximate Dependencies
Serrano, J. M.; Sanchez-Marahon, M.; Sanchez, Daniel; Vila, M. A.; Delgado, G.; Calero, J.; ICEIS 2004: Artificial
Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 78-79; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other
Sources
In this work, we start from a database built with soil information from heterogeneous scientific sources (Local Soil
Databases, LSDB). We call this an Aggregated Soil Database (ASDB). We are interested in determining if knowledge obtained
by means of fuzzy association rules or fuzzy approximate dependencies can represent adequately expert knowledge for a soil
scientific, familiarized with the study zone. A master relation between two soil attributes was selected and studied by the
expert, in both ASDB and LSDB. Obtained results reveal that knowledge extracted by means of fuzzy data mining tools is
significantly better than crisp one. Moreover, it is highly satisfactory from the soil scientific expert’s point of view, since it
manages with more flexibility imprecision factors (IFASDB) commonly related to this type of information.
Author
Data Bases; Soils; Fuzzy Systems; Management Planning
20050001296 Porto Univ., Portugal
An XML-Based Bootstrapping Method For Pattern Acquisition
Zeng, Xing-Jie; Li, Fang; Zhang, Dong-Mo; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 52-53; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Extensible Markup Language (XML) has been widely used as a middleware because of its flexibility. Fixed domain is
one of the bottlenecks of Information Extraction (IE) technologies. In this paper we present a XML-based domain-adaptable
bootstrapping method of pattern acquisition, which focuses on minimizing the cost of domain migration. The approach starts
from a seed corpus with some seed patterns; extends the corpus based on the seed corpus through the Internet and acquires
the new patterns from extended corpus. Positive and negative examples been classified from training corpus are used to
evaluate the patterns acquired. The result shows our method is a practical way in pattern acquisitions.
Author
Pattern Recognition; Document Markup Languages
146
20050001298 Porto Univ., Portugal
Using MAS To Solve Producer Customer Transport Problems
Frankovic, Baltazar; Dang, Tung; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 53; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper deals with a problem of using multi-agent technology to simulate and resolve the planning problems.
Concretely, multi-agent systems (MAS) are used in studying and resolving the optimization problems within the
Producer-Customer-Transport (PCT) domain.
Author
Resolution; Domains; Computerized Simulation
20050001299 Porto Univ., Portugal
Mining the Relationships in the Form of the Predisposing Factors and Co-Incident Factors Among Numerical Dynamic
Attributes in Time Series Data Set by Using the Combination of Some Existing Techniques
Kooptiwoot, Suwimon; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 65; In English; See
also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Temporal mining is a natural extension of data mining with added capabilities of discovering interesting patterns, inferring
relationships of contextual and temporal proximity and may also lead to possible cause-effect associations. Temporal mining
covers a wide range of paradigms for knowledge modeling and discovery. A common practice is to discover frequent
sequences and patterns of a single variable. In this paper we present a new algorithm which is the combination of many
existing ideas consists of the reference event as proposed in (Bettini, Wang et al. 1998), the event detection technique proposed
in (Guralnik and Srivastava 1999), the large fraction proposed in (Mannila, Toivonen et al. 1997), the causal inference
proposed in (Blum 1982) We use all of these ideas to build up our new algorithm for the discovery of multi-variable sequences
in the form of the predisposing factor and co-incident factor of the reference event of interest. We define the event as positive
direction of data change or negative direction of data change above a threshold value. From these patterns we infer
predisposing and co-incident factors with respect to a reference variable. For this purpose we study the Open Source Software
data collected from SourceForge website. Out of 240+ attributes we only consider thirteen time dependent attributes such as
Page-views, Download, Bugs0, Bugs1, Support0, Support1, Patches0, Patches1, Tracker0, Tracker1, Tasks0, Tasks1 and CVS.
These attributes indicate the degree and patterns of activities of projects through the course of their progress. The number of
the Download is a good indication of the progress of the projects. So we use the Download as the reference attribute. We also
test our algorithm with four synthetic data sets include noise up to 50%. The results show that our algorithm can work well
and tolerate to the noise data.
Author
Data Mining; Time Series Analysis; Numerical Analysis; Algorithms
20050001300 Porto Univ., Portugal
Dynamic Negotiation for Real-Time Manufacturing Execution
Zhuang, Li Qun; Zhang, Jing Bing; Ng, Bryan Tsong Jye; Zhao, Yi Zhi; Tang, Yue; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and
Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 77; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper presents a dynamic negotiation framework for real-time execution in self-organized manufacturing
environments. The negotiation strategies in this framework bridge the gap between distributed negotiation of self-interested
agents and cooperative negotiation among agent groups. In particular, the proposed framework is based on the model of
Performance and Cost for Manufacturing Execution (PCME). By forming the dynamic organization called agent consortium,
individual agent negotiates over the PCME in order to optimize the resource allocation under time constraints and uncertainty
of job execution, and resolves the conflicts to fulfill the goal of the overall system. The ultimate goal of the framework is to
reduce the negotiation time, make effective use of resources, adapt to the changes in execution and increase the throughput
of the entire system. Experimental work based on PCME has been carried out to demonstrate the high performance of this
approach despite unanticipated and dynamic changes in the manufacturing execution environments.
Author
Manufacturing; Real Time Operation
20050001306 Porto Univ., Portugal
Bayesian Network Structural Learning From Data: An Algorithms Comparison
Colace, Francesco; Foggia, Pasquale; Vento, Mario; DeSanto, Massimo; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision
Support Systems; [2004], pp. 64; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
147
The manual determination of Bayesian Network structure or, more in general, of the probabilistic models, in particular
in the case of remarkable dimensions domains, can be complex, time consuming and imprecise. Therefore, in the last years
the interest of the scientific community ir learning bayesian network structure from data is considerably increased. In fact,
many techniques or disciplines, as data mining, text categorization, ontology description, can take advantages from this type
of processes. In this paper we will describe some possible approaches to the structural learning of bayesian networks and
introduce in detail some algorithms deriving from these ones. We will aim to compare results obtained using the main
algorithms on databases normally used in literature. With this aim, we have selected and implemented five algorithms more
used in literature. We will estimate the algorithms performances both considering the network topological reconstruction both
the correct orientation of the obtained arcs.
Author
Bayes Theorem; Data Mining; Domains; Data Bases; Algorithms
20050001309 Porto Univ., Portugal
Intelligent Virtual Environments for Training in Nuclear Power Plants
Herrero, Pilar; Mendez, Gonzalo; deAntonio, Angelica; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems;
[2004], pp. 73-74; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Educational Virtual Environments arc: gaining popularity as tools to enhance student learning. These environments are
often used to allow students to experience situations that would be difficult, costly, or impossible in the physical world. At the
Technical University of Madrid we have developed several applications to explore the use of intelligent tutors in VR. In this
paper we present two of these applications which have been used for training in radiological protection in Nuclear Power
Plants (NPP). These applications are inhabited by avatars and/or agents which are continuously monitoring the state of the
environment and manipulating it periodically through virtual motor actions. Our applications help students learn to perform
physical, procedural tasks in some different risky areas of NPP.
Author
Virtual Reality; Education; Radiation Protection; Nuclear Power Plants
20050001313 Porto Univ., Portugal
The Development of a Knowledge System for ISO 9001 Quality Management
Hu, Hsun-Cheng; Li, Sheng-Tun; Shue, Li-Yen; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 66; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Many researchers in knowledge management point out that the first step toward knowledge management is the
management of documents. However, the complexity imbedded in some documents could present great difficulty for most
methodologies t deal with. The knowledge content for building an excellent quality management system that complies with
ISO 9001 falls into this category; this knowledge is characterized by multi-dimensionality and knowledge embedment through
various procedures and forms. We applied Ontology, which is a new approach in AI for better presenting knowledge structure
of a domain, to develop a knowledge-based ISO 9001 quality management system for a Taiwanese chemical company that
has to refer to a total of 175 ISO manuals. This system is built with Protege 2000 as the knowledge platform, and we follow
the development process recommended by Ontology Engineering of Toronto Virtual Enterprise. One main feature of the
system is its capability of understanding the semantic of documents, which is a vital part of the inference mechanism in
answering user’s queries.
Author
Knowledge Based Systems; Artificial Intelligence; Total Quality Management
20050001314 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Experience with the Neural Network for Auto-Landing System of an Aircraft
Anavatti, Sreenatha; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 66; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Generalization by the Neural Networks is an added advantage that can provide very good robustness and disturbance
rejection properties. By providing a sufficient number of training samples (inputs and their corresponding outputs) a network
can deal with some inputs it has never seen before. This ability makes them very interesting for control applications because
not only they can learn complicated control functions but they are able to respond to changing or unexpected environments.
Aircraft landing system provides one such scenario wherein the flight conditions change quite dramatically over the path of
descent. The present work discusses the training of a neural network to imitate a robust controller for auto-landing of an
148
aircraft. The comparisons with the robust controller indicate the additional advantages of the neural network. The effects of
disturbance and sensitivity analysis are presented to high light the generalization property of the neural network.
Author
Landing Aids; Neural Nets; Automatic Control; Aeronautics
20050001321 Porto Univ., Portugal
Mining Sequential Patterns with Regular Expression Constraints Using Sequential Pattern Tree
Younis, Mohamed; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 61; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The significant growth of sequence database sizes in recent years increase the importance of developing new techniques
for data organization and query processing. Discovering sequential patterns is an important problem in data mining with a host
of application domains. For effectiveness and efficiency consideration, constraints are essential for many sequential
applications In this paper, we give a brief review of different sequential pattern mining algorithms, and then introduce a new
algorithm (termed NewSPIRIT) for mining frequent sequential patterns that satisfy user specified regular expression
constraints. The general idea of our algorithm is to us,_= a finite state automata to represent the regular expression constraints
and build a sequential pattern tree that represents all sequences of data which satisfy this constraints by scanning the database
of sequences only once. Experimental results shows that our NewSPIRIT is much more efficient than existing algorithms.
Author
Data Management; Data Mining; Sequencing; Algorithms
20050001322 Porto Univ., Portugal
Robust, Generalized, Quick and Efficient Agglomerative Clustering
Wallace, Manolis; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 72; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Hierarchical approaches, which are dominated by the generic agglomerative clustering algorithm, are suitable for cases
in which the count of distinct clusters in the data is not known a priori; this is not a rare case in real data. On the other hand,
important problems are related to their application, such as susceptibility to errors in the initial steps that propagate all the way
to the final output and high complexity. Finally, similarly to all other clustering techniques, their efficiency decreases as the
dimensionality of their input increases. In this paper we propose a robust, generalized, quick and efficient extension to the
generic agglomerative clustering process. Robust refers to the proposed approach’s ability to overcome the classic algorithm’s
susceptibility to errors in the initial steps, generalized to its ability to simultaneously consider multiple distance metrics, quick
to its suitability for application to larger datasets via the application of the computationally expensive components to only a
subset of the available data samples and efficient to its ability to produce results that are comparable to those of trained
classifiers, largely outperforming the generic agglomerative process.
Author
Algorithms; Cluster Analysis; Robustness (Mathematics)
20050001328 Porto Univ., Portugal
BDI Agents with Fuzzy Associative Memory for Vessel Berthing in Container Ports
Alahakoon, Damminda; Dissanayake, Parakrama; Lokuge, Prasanna; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support
Systems; [2004], pp. 58; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Vessel scheduling in container terminals has to undergo various vague constraints of different issues and often use
uncertain dynamically changing data. Faster turnaround time of the vessels in berths has direct impact on the improvement
of terminals productivity. The need for an intelligent system that dynamically adapts to the changing environment is apparent,
as there is limited number of berths and resources available in container terminals for delivering services to vessels. BDI
(Beliefs, Desires and Intentions) agents are being proposed in a complex collaborative environment in the vessel scheduling
assuring better management and control in the terminal. BDI agents to deal with many criteria and different goals with
uncertain beliefs, it is proposed that fuzzy associative men’lory to use in the planning process of the BDI architecture
facilitating better decision making in the whole process. In this paper we propose hybrid BDI architecture with fuzzy
associative memory in handling uncertainty issues of the vessel berthing in container terminals. Execution of Plans in a
collaborative multi agent environment would be strengthened with the introduction of fuzzy associative memory in BDI
agents. Plans in the BDI agents are being constructed at different stages in order to achieve current desires. This would
149
facilitate agents to observe dynamic changes in the environment and to be reflected in the next levels of planning.
Author
Associative Memory; Fuzzy Systems; Architecture (Computers); Belief Networks
20050001329 Porto Univ., Portugal
Dynamic Diagnosis of Active Systems with Fragmented Observations
Lamperti, Gianfranco; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 58-59; In English; See
also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Diagnosis of discrete-event systems (DESs) is a complex and challenging task. Typical application domains include
telecommunication networks, power networks, and digital-hardware networks. Recent blackouts in northern America and
southern Europe offer evidence for the claim that automated diagnosis of large-scale DESs is a major requirement for the
reliability of this sort of critical systems. The paper is meant as a little step toward this direction. A technique for the dynamic
diagnosis of active systems with uncertain observations is presented. The essential contribution of the method lies in its ability
to cope with uncertainty conditions while monitoring the systems, by generating diagnostic information at the occurrence of
each newly-received fragment of observation. Uncertainty stems, on the one hand, from the complexity and distribution of the
systems, where noise may affect the communication channels between the system and the control rooms, on the other, from
the multiplicity of such channels, which is bound to relax the absolute temporal ordering of the observable events generated
by the system during operation. The solution of these diagnostic problems requires nonmonotonic reasoning, where estimates
of the system state and the relevant candidate diagnoses may not survive the occurrence of new observation fragments.
Author
Telecommunication; Uncertain Systems; Dynamical Systems
20050001340 Porto Univ., Portugal
Information Access Via Topic Hierarchies And Thematic Annotations From Document Collections
Fotzo, Hermine Njike; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 70; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
With the development and the availability of large textual corpora, there is a need for enriching and organizing these
corpora so as to make easier the research and navigation among the documents. The Semantic Web research focuses on
augmenting ordinary Web pages with semantics. Indeed, wealth of information exists today in electronic form, they cannot
be easily processed by computers due to lack of external semantics. Furthermore, the semantic addition is an help for user to
locate, process information and compare documents contents. For now, Semantic Web research has been focused on the
standardization, internal structuring of pages, and sharing of ontologies in a variety of domains. Concerning external
structuring, hypertext and information retrieval communities propose to indicate relations between documents via hyperlinks
o by organizing documents into concepts hierarchies, both being manually developed. We consider here the problem of
automatically structuring and organizing corpora in a way that reflects semantic relations between documents. We propose ar
algorithm for automatically inferring concepts hierarchies from a corpus. We then show how this method may be used to create
specialization/generalization links between documents leading to document hierarchies. As a byproduct, documents are
annotated with keywords giving the main concepts present in the documents. We also introduce numerical criteria for
measuring the relevance of the automatically generated hierarchies and describe some experiments performed on data from
the LookSmart and New Scientist web sites.
Author
Algorithms; Data Links; Hierarchies; Information Retrieval; Semantics
20050001341 Porto Univ., Portugal
Towards High Dimensional Data Mining With Boosting Of PSVM And Visualization Tools
Do, Thanh-Nghi; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 72; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In the recent years support vector machines (SVM) have been successfully applied to a large number of applications.
Training a SVM usually needs a quadratic programming, so that the learning task for large data sets requires large memory
capacity and a long time. Proximal SVM proposed by Fung and Mangasarian is a new SVM formulation. It is very fast to train
because it requires only the solution of a linear system. We have used the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula to adapt the
PSVM to process data sets with a very large number of attributes. We have extended this idea by applying boosting to PSVM
for mining massive data sets with simultaneously very large number of data points and attributes. We have evaluated its
150
performance on UCI, Twonorm, Ringnorm, Reuters-2t 578 and Ndc data sets. We also propose a new graphical tool for trying
to interpret the results of the new algorithm by displaying the separating frontier between classes of the data set. This can help
the user to deeply understand how the new algorithm can work.
Author
Data Mining; Scientific Visualization; Machine Learning; Vector Processing (Computers)
20050001342 Porto Univ., Portugal
Unsupervised Artificial Neural Networks for Clustering of Document Collections
Ayad, Ayad Fekry; Salem, Abdel-Badeeh; Syiam, Mostafa; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems;
[2004], pp. 45-46; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) has shown to be a stable neural network model for high- dimensional data analysis.
However, its applicability is limited by the fact that some knowledge about the data is required to define the size of the
network. In this paper the Growing Hierarchical SOM (GHSOM) is proposed. This dynamically growing architecture evolves
into a hierarchical structure of self-organizing maps according to the characteristics of input data. Furthermore, each map is
expanded until it represents the corresponding subset of the data at specific level. We demonstrate the benefits of this novel
model using a real world example from the document-clustering domain. Comparison between both models (SOM &
GHSOM), was held to explain the difference and investigate the benefits of using GHSOM.
Author
Neural Nets; Artificial Intelligence; Architecture (Computers); Documents
20050001346 Porto Univ., Portugal
Problems Resolution In MATHNET System
Labidi, Sofiane; Borges, Helder; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 50; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
We proposed and developed an component to problems resolution within MATHNET Project environment. This project
is result of the integration of the Computer Assisted Learning and Cooperative Learning paradigms, and that implements a
computer model to interactive environment of Cooperative Teaching and Learning based on multiple artificial and human
agents, placed on a computer net structure, making use of several multimedia resources. The MATHNET nucleus is made of
small software packs that effectively implement the Cooperative Learning paradigm. Due to its total integration with the
computer, the use of multimedia resource and net technologies offer new opportunities on the educational field, challenging
the traditional pedagogical methods to benefit the learning process. On this paper, we present the structure and the architecture
of an Resolving Problem Assistant, that have the following objectives: a) will carry fixation or evaluation problems to the
student resolve them, regarding the apprentice profile; b) help the learner when necessary on the problem’s resolution and c)
passing on an opinion about a solution found by an apprentice after analysing it.
Author
Education; Educational Resources; Computer Assisted Instruction
20050001348 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Qualitative Model of the Indebtedness for the Spanish Autonomous Regions
Garcia, Juan Moreno; Linares, Luis Jimenez; CastroSanchez, Jose Jesus; Lopez, Victor Raul; Banos, Jose; ICEIS 2004:
Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 58; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources
This work shows a fuzzy model of the indebtedness for the Spanish autonomous regions that is obtained using
approximate reasoning and induction methods. So, the algorithm ADRI is used to induce a linguistic model composed by a
set of fuzzy rules. The quality of this linguistic model will be checked and its interpretation will be shown.
Author
Autonomy; Mathematical Models; Fuzzy Systems
20050001351 Porto Univ., Portugal
Mining the Relationship in the Form of Predisposing Factor and Co-Incident in Time Series Data Set by Using the
Combination of Some Existing Ideas with a New Idea from the Fact in The Chemical Reaction
Kooptiwoot, Suwimon; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 65; In English; See
also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
151
In this work we propose new algorithms from the combination of many existing ideas consisting of the reference event
as proposed in (Bettini, Wang et al. 1998), the event detection technique proposed in (Guralnik and Srivastava 1999), the
causal inference proposed in (Blum 1982; Blum 1982) and the new idea about the character of the catalyst seen in the chemical
reaction. We use all of these ideas to build up our algorithms to mine the predisposing factor and co-incident factor of the
reference event of interest. We apply our algorithms with OSS (Open Source Software) data set and show the result. We also
test our algorithms with four synthetic data sets include noise up to 50%. The results show that our algorithms can work well
and tolerate to noise data.
Author
Algorithms; Time Series Analysis; Data Mining; Chemical Reactions
20050001353 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Connexionist Approach for Case Based Reasoning
delaTorre, Jose Maria; Delgado, Miguel; Gibaja, Eva; Bailon, Antonio B.; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision
Support Systems; [2004], pp. 73; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Case Based Learning is an approach to automatic learning and reasoning based on the use of the knowledge gained in
past experiences to solve new problems. To suggest a solution for a new problem it is necessary to search for similar problems
in the base of problems for which we know their solutions. After selecting one or more similar problems their solutions are
used to elaborate a suggested solution for the new problem. Associative memories recover patterns based on their similarity
with a new input pattern. This behaviour made them useful to store the base of cases of a Case Based Reasoning system. In
this paper we analyze the use of a special model of associative memory named CCLAM \cite{bailon2002a} with this
objective. To test the potentiality of the tool we will discuss its use in a particular application: the detection of the ‘health’
of a company.
Author
Automatic Control; Machine Learning
20050001370 Porto Univ., Portugal
Databases Reduction
Aguilar-Ruiz, Jesus S.; Riquelme, Jose C.; Sanchez, Roberto Ruiz; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support
Systems; [2004], pp. 68-69; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Progress in digital data acquisition and storage technology has resulted in the growth of huge databases. A great quantity
of information. Nevertheless, these techniques often have high computational cost. Then, it is advisable to apply a
preprocessin,t phase to reduce the complexity time. These preprocessing techniques are fundamentally oriented to either of
the next goals: horizontal reduction of the databases or feature selection; and vertical reduction or editing. In this paper we
present a new proposal to reduce databases applying sequentially vertical and horizontal reduction technics. They are based
in our original works, and they use a projection concept as a method to choose examples and representative features. Results
obtained are very satisfactory, because the reduced database offers the same knowledge with low added computational cost.
Author
Data Bases; Digital Data; Data Storage
20050001375 Porto Univ., Portugal
Hybrid Expert System for the Selection of Rapid Prototyping Processes
Marir, Farhi; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 73; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
A wide variety of rapid prototyping processes are available, each with different and unique features. Selecting the most
suitable process for a given prototype: can be difficult and costly if a mistake is made. In this paper, the design of a knowledge
based system to support the selection of a rapid prototyping process is presented. The method utilizes a hybrid expert system
which is formulated to interrogate the acquired data streams from a rapid prototyping model simulator for the purpose of
comparative studies with the knowledge base.
Author
Expert Systems; Knowledge Based Systems; Rapid Prototyping
20050001378 Porto Univ., Portugal
Visualizing Software Project Analogies To Support Cost Estimation
Auer, Martin; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 77-78; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
152
Software cost estimation is a crucial task in software project portfolio decisions like start scheduling, resource allocation,
or bidding. A variety of estimation methods have been proposed to support estimators. Especially the analogy-based
approach-- based on a project’s similarities with past projects---has been reported as both efficient and relatively transparent.
However, it: performance was typically measured automatically and the effect of human estimators’ sanity checks was
neglected. Thus, this paper proposes the visualization of high-dimensional software project portfolio data using
multidimensional scaling (MDS) We (i) propose data preparation steps for an MDS visualization of software portfolio data,
(ii) visualize several real-world industry project portfolio data sets and quantify the achieved approximation quality to assess
the feasibility, and (iii) outline the expected benefits referring to the visualized portfolios’ properties. This approach offers
several promising benefits by enhancing portfolio data understanding and by providing intuitive means for estimators to assess
an estimate’s plausibility.
Author
Analogies; Computer Programs; Cost Estimates; Scientific Visualization
20050001379 Porto Univ., Portugal
Towards Visual Data Mining
Poulet, Francois; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 72-73; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In this paper, we present our work in a new data mining approach called Visual Data Mining (VDM). This new approach
tries to involve more intensively the user (being the data expert not a data mining or analysis specialist) in the data mining
process and to increase the part of the visualization in this process. The visualisation part can be increased with cooperative
tools: the visualisation is used as a pre or post processing step of usual (automatic) data mining algorithms, or the visualisation
tools can be used instead of the usual automatic algorithms. All these topics are addressed in this paper with an evaluation of
the algorithms presented and a discussion of the interactive algorithms compared with automatic ones. All this work must be
improved in order to allow the data specialists to use efficiently these kinds of algorithms to solve their problems.
Author
Algorithms; Data Mining; Scientific Visualization
20050001381 Porto Univ., Portugal
Multilayer Perceptrons Technique in Classifying Stocks: A Case Study of Egyptian Stocks Exchange
Abdelaal, Medhat; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 46; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Classification rates on out-of-sample predictions can often be improved through the use of model selection when fitting
a model on the training data. In this paper, the multilayer perceptron neural network using the back-propagation algorithm is
studies for the classification of financial variables of the Egyptian Stock Exchange. The best network architecture is made up
of eleven layers: five input layers, five hidden layers and the output layer. The sensitivity analysis has been investigated.
Sensitivity analysis can give important insights into the usefulness of individual variables. It often identifies variables that can
be safely ignored in subsequent analysis, and key variables that must always be retained. Also, the receiver operating
characteristic curve is used to compare between classifiers, and can be used to select an optimum decision threshold to select
the best network which can catch most of the variability of the data.
Author
Neural Nets; Classifying; Commerce
20050009958 Porto Univ., Portugal
ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing
[2004]; 42 pp.; In English; 6th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 14-17 Apr. 2004, Porto, Portugal;
See also 20050009959 - 20050010066; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Reports are presented from the 6th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, on the topic of Software
Agents and Internet Computing. Reports included Web infrastructure, software for security and interoperability, semantic
support and multi-agent systems.
Derived from text
Interoperability; Internets; Information Retrieval; Information Transfer; Computer Programs
153
20050009959 Porto Univ., Portugal
Introducing an Operational and Technological E-Commerce Framework for European SMES
Petropoulos, Kostas; Balatos, Achilleas; Ignatiadis, Ioannis; Luken, Markus; Jivkov, Vladislav; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents
and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 152; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) represent the driving force for local development and growth in European Less
Favoured Regions (LFRs); geographical isolated areas characterized by poor business performance and a less developed and
privileged economy. The introduction of e-commerce is considered as an essential element for improvement of local SME’s
competitiveness and position in the Global Market, supporting simultaneously these regions to overcome their geographical
limitations and follow up international business trends. In the context of the IST-2001-33251 LAURA project, the potential
for regional and interregional e-commerce development has been analysed in four European LFRs (Epirus, Messinia
Saxony-Anhalt, and South Central Bulgaria). Based on these results and adopting the notion of a specific type of Virtual
Organization taxonomy (Request Based Virtual Organisation - RBVO), we present an operational and technological
e-commerce framework adapted to the specific context of LFRs. The paper outlines the core identified factors that will
influence the introduction and the effect of e-commerce in Less Favoured Regions.
Author
Electronic Commerce; Europe; Technologies
20050009960 Porto Univ., Portugal
Semantic Support for Automated Negotiation with Alliances
Ziatev, Zlatko; Brussee, Rogier; vanEck, Pascal; Pokraev, Stanislav; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing;
[2004], pp. 150; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Companies can form alliances on the Internet to aggregate buying or selling power and create value. More concrete,
resources are shared or new possibilities are exploited together that cannot be exploited alone. Most alliances are formed as
the result of a negotiation process between the companies that constitute the alliance. This paper proposes a software
framework that enables automated negotiation. Our framework allows for semantic descriptions of the negotiation objects and
their attributes, and that provides the means for the exchange of negotiation messages, which can be unambiguously
understood by all parties involved. Our framework supports ad hoc alliances by allowing parties with a common interest to
firs! negotiate on the proposal they want to make to other market participants. The paper outlines a software architecture and
implementation technology for our framework, in which a rule-based reasoning engine is used to enact the negotiation
strategy.
Author
Semantics; Automatic Control; Computer Systems Programs; Architecture (Computers)
20050009961 Porto Univ., Portugal
Optimal Allocation In Sequential Internet Auction Systems With Reserve Price
Yue, Wu-Yi; Du, Li; Hu, Qi-Ying; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 166; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In this paper, we present a new performance model and an analysis for its optimal allocation in a sequential Internet
auction system with a set reserve price. In the sequential Internet auction system, a seller wants to sell a given amount of items
through sequential auctions on the Internet. The seller has a reserve price for each item. For each auction, the seller should
allocate a quantity of items from the total available items to be auctioned. The buyers arrive according to a Poisson process
and bid honestly (without collusion, etc.). We first consider the sequential Internet auction model to be a Markov decision
process and present its performance analysis for the internet auction model. In the analysis, we show that the result is no
difference whether the reserve price is private (known only to the seller) or public (posted on the web). Then we show that
in the monotonous properties of the optimal policy, the more items are in hand or the fewer the horizons remain, the more
items will be allocated for auction. Finally, numerical results are given, where we compute the maximal expected total revenue
and the solution of the optimal allocation, display the effect of the arrival rate, and discuss the optimal reserve price and the
available number of auctions.
Author
Reliability Analysis; Internets; Markov Processes; Poisson Density Functions; Performance Prediction
20050009962 Porto Univ., Portugal
E-Commerce Penetration and Organizational Learning in SMES
Lefebvre, Elizabeth; Omta, Onno; Lefebvre, Louis-A.; Elia, Elie; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing;
[2004], pp. 156; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
154
This paper attempts to (i) to assess the relative importance of benefits related to the gradual unfolding of
business-to-business, e-commerce (B-2-B e-commerce) penetration among manufacturing SMEs and (ii) to demonstrate that
the scope and intensity of these benefits increase in the later stages of e-commerce penetration as organizational learning
gradually takes place. Empirical evidence strongly suggests that these benefits are cumulative and that organizational learning
allows SMEs to reap these benefits.
Author
Electronic Commerce; Penetration; Manufacturing
20050009963 Porto Univ., Portugal
Turning the Web Into an Effective Knowledge Repository
Veiga, Luis; Ferreira, Paulo; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 164; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
To fulfill Vannevar Bush’s Memex and Ted Nelson’s Hyper-Text vision of a world-size interconnected store of
knowledge, there are still quite a few rough-edges to solve. There are no large-scale mechanisms to enforce referential integrity
in the WWW. The weight of dynamically generated content w.r.t, static content has progressed enormously. Preserving
accessibility to this type of content raises new issues. We propose a system, comprised of a distributed web-proxy and cache
architecture, to access and automatically manage web content, static and dynamically generated. It is combined with an
implementation of a cyclic distributed garbage collection algorithm for wide-area memory. It correctly handles dynamic
content, enforces referential integrity on the web, and is complete w.r.t minimizing storage waste.
Author
Algorithms; Wide Area Networks; Architecture (Computers); Transferred Electron Devices
20050009964 Porto Univ., Portugal
Agent-Oriented Design of E-Commerce System Architecture
Do, T. Tung; Kolp, Manuel; Faulkner, Stephane; Coyette, Adrien; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing;
[2004], pp. 165; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Agent architectures are gaining popularity for building open, distributed, and evolving software required by e-commerce
applications. Unfortunately, despite considerable work in software architecture during the last decade, few research efforts
have aimed at truly defining patterns and languages for agent architectural design. This paper proposes a modern approach
based on organizational structures and architectural description languages to define and specify agent architectures notably ir
the case of e.commerce system design.
Author
Architecture (Computers); Electronic Commerce; Systems Engineering
20050009966 Porto Univ., Portugal
Analysis of Priority and Partitioning Effects on Web Crawling Performance
ZareBidoki, Ali Mohammad; Saelhie, Mazeiar; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 160-161;
In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Broad web search engines as well as many more specialized search tools for nearly a decade have used web crawlers to
acquire and update large repository of web objects for indexing and analysis. Because of volatile nature of the web and web
objects proliferation, building a high performance web crawler is still more complex rather than the other components of a
typical search engine. Freshness of the page repository is one of the major metrics to assess the performance of a web crawler.
In addition, network resources, I/O performance and OS limits must be taken into account in order to achieve high
performance at a reasonable cost. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the importance factor, multi-crawling and
partitioning affect on the freshness of the web page repository of a typical web search engine. By means of several experiments
in a simulated environment, we tested several parameters to improve the freshness of the repository.
Author
Information Retrieval; World Wide Web
20050009969 Porto Univ., Portugal
South Asia’s Emerging Electronic Markets: Patterns and Prospects
Dholakia, Rudy; Dholakia, Nikhilesh; Kshetri, Nir; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 143;
In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
155
In terms of electronic commerce and electronic markets, South Asia has been a region of sharp contrasts. This paper
examines the emergence of South Asia’s electronic markets and then identifies and analyzes various influences that are shaping
and are likely to shape the e-commerce landscape of this region.
Author
Electronic Commerce; Market Research; Topography
20050009970 Porto Univ., Portugal
Agent Support for Collaborative Work
Hawryszkiewyca, Igor; Lin, Aizhong; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 143; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper describes a way to support cooperative information systems in evolving knowledge intensive environments.
Such environments require users to themselves customize or reconfigure their systems as the work situation evolves. The paper
proposes that agent systems support cooperative work by facilitating such evolution. It first defines a collaborative metamodel
to describe collaborative work. The metamodel provides the framework to identify agents and the ways that they are to interac
to support collaboration. The agents are defined using the same concepts as in the collaborative metamodel thus providing a
systematic way define agent requirements. The paper then describes an example and prototype
Author
Support Systems; Information Systems
20050009971 Porto Univ., Portugal
Peer-to-Peer Network Simulation
Deters, Ralph; Ting, Nyik; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 147; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Peer-to-Peer (p2p) networks are the latest addition to the already large distributed systems family. With a strong emphasis
on self-organization, decentralization and autonomy of the participating nodes, p2p-networks tend to be more scalable, robust
and adaptive than other forms of distributed systems. The much-publicized success of p2p-networks for file-sharing and cycle
sharing has resulted in an increased awareness and interest into the p2p protocols and applications. However, p2p-networks
are difficult to study due to their size and the complex interdependencies between users, application, protocol and network.
This paper has two aims. First, to provide a review of existing p2p-network simulators and to make a case for our own
simulator named 3LS (3-Level-Simulator). Second, it presents our current view that there is a need for more realistic/complex
models in p2p-network simulation since ignoring the underlying network, topology and/or the behavior of applications can
result in misleading simulation results.
Author
Protocol (Computers); Computerized Simulation; Autonomy; Simulators
20050009978 Porto Univ., Portugal
Object-Process Methodology Applied to Agent Design
Ezziane, Zoheir; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 170; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
As computer systems become ever more complex, we need more powerful abstractions and metaphors to explain their
operations. System development shows that designing and building agent systems is a difficult task, which is associated with
building traditional distributed, concurrent systems. Understanding natural, artificial, and social systems requires a
well-founded, yet intuitive methodology that is capable of modeling these complexities in a coherent, straightforward manner.
Object-Process Methodology (OPM) is a system development and specification approach that combines the major system
aspects (function, structure, and behavior), into an integrated single model. This paper will provide a paradigm for designing
agent systems using the object-process methodology. It aims to identify design concepts, and to indicate how they interact with
each other.
Author
Systems Engineering; Distributed Parameter Systems; Computers
20050009981 Porto Univ., Portugal
Solving Transactional Control in Current Management Frameworks
Roque, Vitor; Lopes, Rui Pedro; Oliveira, Jose Luis; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004],
pp. 163-164; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
156
Today’s information systems are typically based on a large numbers of heterogeneous computing devices connected
through communication networks, and joining together various resources, services, and user applications. These resources and
applications are now indispensable to organizations, but as the whole system becomes increasingly larger and more complex
also a higher number of elements can be the source for the disruption of critical business operations. In fact, network
management has gained in the last years great importance due the increased dependence of the enterprises on their computer
systems, networks and networked applications. This dependence has made availability and performance of the network
infra-structure and network services more critical than ever. In addition, the growth in size and complexity of modern networks
increases the need of standard configuration mechanisms for an efficient network management. It is expected that these
mechanisms are strongly related to fault-tolerance systems as well with performance management systems. The concept of
policy-based management has emerged during the last years as an adequate paradigm to deal with this type of requirements
and this concept has been widely supported by standards organizations such as the IETF and DMTF. In fact the Policy Working
Group is chartered to define a scalable and secure framework for policy definition and administration. The development of
policy-based management applications, due to the diversity and type of equipments, can be very complex in structure, with
complex relationships between their constituent parts. Because of these, the success of network operations (configuration
operations and others) is a critical issue in network management thus deserving great attention. In fact transactional control
mechanisms are receiving today great attention in the scope of network management. It is particularly important in the context
of policy-based network management. In here, we identify the lacks of current management paradigms concerning
transactional control and we propose a policy-based network management system that allows specify operations over
aggregations of agents and that provides high-level atomic transactions.
Author
Communication Networks; Controllers; Fault Tolerance; Management Information Systems; Management Systems
20050009984 Porto Univ., Portugal
Federated Mediators For Query Composite Answers
Cheng, Dong; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 157; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The capture, the structuring and the exploitation of the expertise or the capabilities of an "’object’ (like a business
partner, an employee, a software component, a Web site, etc.) are crucial problems in various applications, like cooperative
and distributed applications or e-business and e-commerce applications. The work we describe in this paper concerns the
advertising of the capabilities or the know-how of an object. The capabilities are structured and organized in order to be used
when searching for objects that satisfy a given objective or that meet a given need. One of the originality of our proposal is
in the nature of the answers the intended system can return. Indeed, the answers are not Yes/No answers but they may be
cooperative answers in that sense that when no single object meets the search criteria, the system attempts to find out what
a set of "’complementary’ objects do satisfy the whole search criteria, every object in the resulting set satisfying part
of the criteria. In this approach, Description Logics (DL) is used as a knowledge representation formalism and classification
techniques are used as search mechanisms. The determination of the ‘complementary objects’ is founded on the DL
complement concept,
Author
Electronic Commerce; Marketing; Computer Programs; Commerce
20050009985 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Agent Based Virtual Medical Devices
Jovanov, Emil; Starcevic, Dusan; Obrenovic, Zeljko; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 141;
In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In this paper we present the telemedical environment based on VMDs implemented with Java mobile agent technology,
called aglets. The agent based VMD implementation provides ad-hoc agent interaction, support for mobile agents and different
user interface components in the telemedical system. We have developed a VMD agent framework with four types of agents:
data agents, processing agents, presentation agents, and monitoring agents. Data agents abstract data source, creating uniform
view on different types of data, independent of data acquisition device. Processing agents produce derived data, such us FFT
power spectrum, from raw data provided by the data agents. Presentation agents supply user interface components using a
variety of user data views. User interface components are based on HTTP, SMS and WAP protocols. Monitoring agents
collaborate with data and processing agents providing support for data mining operations, and search for relevant patterns.
Typical example is monitoring for possible epileptic attacks. We have applied VMDs to facilitate distributed EEG analysis.
We have found that the flexibility of distributed agent architecture is well suited for the telemedical application domain. This
157
flexibility is particularly important in the case of an emergency, enabling swift system reconfiguration on the fly.
Author
Telemedicine; Medical Services; Medical Electronics
20050009986 Porto Univ., Portugal
Underlying Platform of the e-Commerce System: J2EE Versus NET
Jahankhani, Hamid; Youssef, Mohammed; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 144; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
When considering the implementation of any new Web-based application these days, the main two options available to
developers are to either base the application on Sun Microsystems’ J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition) platform, or on
Microsoft’s .NET platform. Although other platforms do exist, the IT industry has identified these two as the main choices.
.NET initiative is a broad new vision for embracing the Internet and the Web in the development, engineering and use of
software. One key aspect of the .NET s strategy is its independence from a specific language or platform. This paper is about
the strategic decision making that any Small and Medium size Enterprises (SME) should make to adopt a technology platform
for a new project. This paper refers to an ongoing development to provide an integrated business information and e-commerce
system for a manufacturing company. The company uses Syspro ERP system. Consumers of ERP systems are demanding
solutions that can be easily integrated with Web applications in order to provide such services as e-commerce to customers
and browser-based access to remote workers. The aim of this paper is to compare the two technologies and discuss the main
reasons why it is believed that .NET would be more appropriate than J2EE as a technology platform for the e-commerce
solution.
Author
Electronic Commerce; World Wide Web; Software Engineering
20050009987 Porto Univ., Portugal
Adaptive Agents For Supply Networks
Barker, Jeff; Finnie, Gavin; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 139; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Dynamic information flow in esupply networks requires that buyers and suppliers have the ability to react rapidly when
needed. Using intelligent agents to automate the process of buyer/seller interaction has been proposed by a number of
researchers. One problem in providing intelligent automated collaboration is incorporating learning capability i.e. an agent
should be capable of adapting it’s behaviour as conditions change. This paper proposes a scalable multi-agent system which
uses case-based reasoning as a framework for at least part of its intelligence. Tests with a simulated system show that such
an agent is capable of learning the best supplier and also capable of adapting if supply conditions change.
Author
Information Flow; Dynamic Models; Simulation; Computer Programs
20050009988 Porto Univ., Portugal
Using Agent Platforms For Service Composition
Tomaiuolo, Michele; Somacher, Matteo; Poggi, Agostino; Turci, Paola; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing;
[2004], pp. 139-140; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Agentcities is a network of agent platforms that constitute a distributed environment to demonstrate the potential of
autonomous agents. One of the aims of the project is the development of a network architecture to allow the integration of
platforms based on different technologies and models, but compliant to FIPA agent interoperability specifications. This
network provides basic white pages and yellow pages services to allow the dynamic discovery of the hosted agents and the
services they offer. An important outcome is the exploitation of the capability of agent-based applications to adapt to rapidly
evolving environments. This is particularly appropriate to dynamic societies where agents act as buyers and sellers negotiating
their goods and services, and composing simple services offered by different providers into new compound services.
Author
Data Collection Platforms; Networks; Architecture (Computers); Distributed Processing
20050009989 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Recorded State Mechanism For Protecting Mobile Agents Against Malicious Hosts
Bakar, Kamalrulnizam Abu; Doherty, Bernard S.; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 140-141;
In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
158
Mobile agent is an emerging technology that is gaining momentum in the field of distributed systems. It provides powerful
and effective mechanisms to develop applications and often describes as a promising technology for developing application
in open, distributed and heterogeneous environment, such as the Internet. However, without proper security protection,
especially against a malicious host attack, the widespread use of this technology can be severely impeded. In this paper an
approach that is able to protect the integrity of the mobile agent from being attack by the malicious host is proposed. The
approach uses the state of a mobile agent, which is recorded during the mobile agent execution process inside the remote host
environment, to detect the manipulation attack of the malicious host. The approach is implemented using master-slave agent
architecture and operated on a distributed migration pattern.
Author
Technology Utilization; Distributed Processing; Architecture (Computers)
20050009990 Porto Univ., Portugal
Automatic Integration of Inter-Enterprise Processes with Hierarchical Broker Framework
Fu, Li-Chen; Tsai, Ming-Yu; Chang, Shun-Fa; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 142; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In recent years, the manufacturing technologies are more and more complex. Almost all production processes need
cooperation among multiple enterprises. It is true that today’s manufacturing process is a complex workflow forming a supply
chain. Each enterprise provides their services to accomplish professional processes. With the growth of Internet usage, there
are more and more services able to be processed on the web. Web-service is one of the applications on Internet and it can help
enterprises cooperate with one another in their services easily. In this paper, we propose a Hierarchical Broker Framework to
provide an advanced broker function for enterprises’ cooperation. In this framework, we can classify all services to keep
searching easier, to present the relations between two enterprises more flexibly, to match buyers and sellers more precisely,
and to cut down broker’s loading. On the ride of an enterprise client, we do not have to modify any existing enterprise
architecture. Beside, we will also design an adapter to connect the broker server and the existing enterprises. By these designs,
we try to find an automatic way to integrate these enterprise processes to improve efficiency and reduce their transaction
overheads.
Author
Automatic Control; Systems Integration; Manufacturing
20050009991 Porto Univ., Portugal
Semantics-Based Retrieval In P2P Network: A Vision
Solvberg, Ingeborg; Lin, Yun; Ding, Hao; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 141-142; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
P2P systems are a revival paradigm for information sharing among distributed nodes in the network. A lot of research
projects or practical applications have emerged, from the early ICQ, Napster, Gnutella to nowadays CAN, Gnougat, etc., but
one of the questions is that few of them support the semantics retrieval. With the meeting of Semantic Web and Peer-to-Peer
(P2P), it seems to have a highly innovative manner to solve the precision-recall contradictory in the information searching
community. This paper uses a scenario in tourism domain to describe the problem encountered. Several main requirements
have also been presented afterwards. Bared an ambitious goal, a preliminary architecture on semantic IR in P2P network also
proposed.
Author
Information Retrieval; Semantics; World Wide Web; Computer Networks
20050009994 Porto Univ., Portugal
Antecedents of Successful Web Based Communities for Disabled Citizens
Lawler, James; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 168; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In this period of constrained economic conditions, this study initiates an analysis of the critical success factors in the
implementation of World Wide Web-based communities in the non-profit sector, focusing on communities of disabled citizens,
who have mental health conditions, in the City of New York. Non-profit organizations in New York depend ever more upon
the technology of the Web to help disabled members in the city, as the disruption from the September 11 disaster continues
to impact social services. Though investment in technology is limited in the non-profit sector, the preliminary analysis of this
study imputes that implementation of community networks that service rehabilitating members of society is facilitated by
159
distinct enabling factors of cohesion, effectiveness, help, language, relationship and self-regulation in the innovation of the
supporting Web sites. The analysis contributes insight into the dynamics of communities on the Web that is applicable in an
international context. This study furnishes a new framework to research Web-based communities in the non-profit sector.
Author
Disabilities; World Wide Web; Communities
20050009995 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Contact Recommender System for a Mediated Social Media
Vignollet, Laurence; Marty, Jean-Charles; Plu, Michel; Franco, Layda Agosto; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet
Computing; [2004], pp. 155-156; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Within corporate intranet or on the WWW, a global search engine is the main service used to discover and sort
information. Nevertheless, even the most ‘intelligent’ ones have great difficulties to select those targeted to each user specific
needs and preferences. We have built a mediated social media named SoMeONe, which helps people to control their
information exchanges through trusted relationships. A key component of this system is a contact recommender, which helps
people to open his relationship networks by exchanging targeted information with qualified new users. Instead of using only
matching between interests of users, this ‘socially aware’ recommender system takes also into account existing relationships
in the social network of the system. We describe in this paper the computations of those recommendations based on a social
network analysis.
Author
Information Retrieval; Computer Networks
20050009996 Porto Univ., Portugal
From Corba to Web Services Composition
Hammoudi, Slimane; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 155; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
CORBA has some positive aspects to develop applications, but its communication model is limited to accomplish
interactions among clients and enterprise servers on the Web. The technologies of Web Service seem to offer a better answer
for developing distributed applications on the Web: B2B, B2C and A2A. The first part of this paper is a discussion about the
evolution of CORBA and of Web Services, showing their benefits and limitations. The new solutions provided by the
technologies of Web Services (XML, WSDL, UDDI and SOAP) are more adapted for the Web than CORBA. However, these
technologies are not sufficient to compose Web Services, which represents a real challenge. Workflow Technology seems to
be a better answer for this challenge. The second part of this paper deals with this integration of Workflow technology and
Web service that is designed in WEWS. WEWS is proposed as an architecture to enable CORBA objects (Wrapped as Web
Service) and Web Services to work together with the benefits of workflow. Also, an approach for transaction based on
conversation plus optimistic commit protocol is presented. A comparison of our work and other propositions is provided too,
highlighting similarities and differences
Author
Websites; Distributed Processing
20050009999 Porto Univ., Portugal
The Project Of Virtual Laboratory For Informal Communication On Gigabit Network
Watanabe, Kenzi; Shimokawa, Toshihiko; Murayama, Yuko; Ebara, Yasuo; Yamane, Shiji; Goto, Yukinori; ICEIS 2004:
Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 138; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other
Sources
As the computer network technology has evolved, the Internet has spread out to include variety of users. They get together
and create communities on the network, so that virtual relations between people have been emerging. Many such virtual
communities use chat rooms, mailing lists and message boards making use of the existing applications. On the other hand,
informal communication such as a chat and private conversation during a break at a conference, has been recognized
important. We often come across a good idea when having relaxing conversations. In a daily life, we have various
environments for informal communications which are necessary for keeping relations with the others even for having better
formal communications. However, it is not so easy to have an environment for informal communications in a cyber space on
the Internet when only relying on the existing applications. In this research, we try and use some new experimental informal
communication tools in our virtual laboratory environment in which several universities are interconnected with Japan Gigabit
160
Networks (JGN)/ATM. First, We have set up a CCD camera at each laboratory and deliver streaming live video to share the
environment. Then, we constructed a meeting system using Microsoft Netmeeting and OpenMCU. In addition, we
implemented on-door communication systems using the metaphor of a door on WWW as a media for novel types of informal
communications. In this paper, We explain the summaries of experimental environment and the supporting applications for
informal communications. We also let students to take the main role of communications so that they use tools for their informal
communications in a realistic way.
Author
Computer Networks; Communication Networks; Telecommunication; Internets; World Wide Web
20050010000 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Multi-Server Approach For Distributed Collaborative Knowledge Spaces
Bopp, Thomas; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 138-139; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Cooperative knowledge areas are a proven approach to supporting cooperative work processes and e-learning. The
Paderborn open-source’s Team system establishes cooperative knowledge spaces in the form of a single-server
implementation. This paper presents our architecture of distributed cooperative knowledge areas. The main conceptual idea
e the sTeam system is to combine a document management system with a MUD. A distributed architecture of cooperative
knowledge spaces enables us to create a single world of connected virtual knowledge spaces across different servers. This is
particularly important when considering new scenarios for integrating peer-to-peer clients into a multi-server architecture.
Distributed knowledge spaces must also encompass concepts for multi-server group and user management, allowing users tc
move transparently from one server to another, Materials should be structured independently of their location on a specific
server. The paper begins by discussing the idea of structuring a virtual world into zones or areas, such as is also found in
multi-user virtual environments. Then our architecture of distributed cooperative knowledge areas is presented. In the field of
user management, two different approaches for peer-to-peer and master-server group and user management are possible, and
these are discussed in detail. Our trial implementation will integrate both concepts and prototypes. The paper concludes with
a discussion of potential extensions to our architecture.
Author
Management Systems; Data Transfer (Computers); Architecture (Computers)
20050010004 Porto Univ., Portugal
Intelligent Electronic Inter-Systemic Contracting: Issues On Contract Formation
Andrade, Francisco; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 145; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Electronic contracting as an object of legal studies is getting more and more complex. Computers are currently being used
no only as a way of searching and processing information, but also as communication tools, as automatic operators and already
as a way of developing and accessing new forms of intelligent behaviour through the use of intelligent devices. New ways
of electronic contracting have appeared each one with different specifications and ways of operating. The Brazilian legal
doctrine has established a way of classifying electronic contracts according to the specific technical way of accomplishing each
type of electronic communicating and contracting. For each category, there must be a different analysis relating to the main
issue of the formation of contracts - mainly concerning the declaration of will, the expression of intent, the question of
knowing whether a contract should be considered to be formed or completed. This issue is particularly problematic as far as
Intelligent Electronic Inter-systemic contracting is concerned. The notions of digital signature and Interchange-Agreements
may not be sufficient to grant validity to contracts formed not just through the machines, but indeed by the machines. So, it
must be analyzed at least two main possibilities of considering the issue of the expression of consent in inter-systemic
intelligent transactions: the possibility of considering the electronic devices as mere machines or tools, or the most daring
possibility of considering the electronic devices as ‘legal persons’
Author
Communicating; Computers; Signatures
20050010007 Porto Univ., Portugal
Process Design and Outsourcing Issues in E-Commerce
Nelson, Anne; Nelson, William; Yakhief, Ali; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 131; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
161
Electronic commerce (EC) involves business transactions, marketing efforts, information gathering, and other functional
activities with respect to information technology (IT) both within and without an organization. It provides various
opportunities to a firm to adopt different business sourcing models and allows new opportunities to configure organizational
structure within the New Economy. Critical factors for EC success dictate that the firm must re-evaluate its business sourcing
model from with complexity theory and the New Economy, thereby emphasizing the need for the firm to effectively coordinate
its EC initiatives and consider all sourcing opportunities in this nonlinear, decentralized, alliance-focused, and CRM-based
environment. This research will build from 1) an understanding of EC, to 2) the complex systems of EC in the New Economy,
to 3) the sourcing mode used in the EC business model. The results have significant implications for IT managers deciding
upon the ideal choice of sourcing mode for an EC initiative. The study results point to the determinants of the choice by the
sample of large firms in the study. Cost savings expectations are an important consideration in the choice of sourcing mode.
As the expectations of cost savings from outsourcing increased, the firms in the sample increasingly used market mechanisms
(service providers) compared to internal resources. Firms were also concerned about the business potential associated with the
project and whet the business potential was high, they preferred joint ventures and internal development to the use of market
mechanisms. This indicates that the move toward outsourcing based on cost savings expectations was mitigated by the desire
to develop relevant capabilities for high-potential projects through increased day-to-day involvement.
Author
Complex Systems; Electronic Commerce; Computer Systems Design
20050010008 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Hybrid Collaborative Recommender System Based on User Profiles
Semeraro, Giovanni; Licchelli, Oriana; Degemmis, Marco; Costabile, Maria Francesca; Guida, Stefano Paolo; Lops, Pasquale;
ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 157; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources
Nowadays, users are overwhelmed by the abundant amount of information created and delivered through the Internet.
Especially in the e-commerce area, catalogues of the largest sites offer millions of products for sale and are visited by users
having a variety of interests. It is of particular interest to provide customers with personal advice: Web personalization has
become an indispensable part of e-commerce. One type of personalization that many Web sites have started to embody is
represented by recommender systems, which provide customers with personalized advice about products or services.
Collaborative systems actually represent the state-of-the-art of recommendation engines used in most e-commerce sites. In this
paper, we propose an hybrid method that aims at improving collaborative techniques by means of user profiles that store
knowledge about user interests.
Author
Catalogs (Publications); Electronic Commerce; Internets; Websites
20050010010 Porto Univ., Portugal
Developing Intranet and Extranet Business Application for a Large Travel Agent
Atkins, Anthony; Shaw, Robert; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 131; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper outlines an e-business strategy for a large independent Travel Agent with multiple sales channels and business
units. The present configuration does not provide a framework for the development of e-business solutions for the travel
company. The paper discusses the creation of an infrastructure for the development of the companies Intranet to integrate its
separate business units with Extranet technology using e-business application. This strategy provides a stable platform and
infrastructure capable of supporting the traditional business system and allowing for development of e-business operations.
The paper discusses a number of tools and techniques for strategic development to incorporate e-business sales channels. The
most appropriate tools for application to the travel industry are discussed and their application has shown how the travel agent
can develop competitive advantage through the use of strategic information systems. The creation of a centralized e-business
system, utilising a Virtual Private Network (VPN) is outlined with a predicted cost savings of 1 million per annum. The
application of a centralised e-business system supported by the VPN has allowed CRM system to be evaluated. An initial trial
using CRM system gave increased sales of 150,000, which if applied throughout the business would increase sales by 1.2
million.
Author
Computer Networks; Information Systems; Commerce
162
20050010012 Porto Univ., Portugal
Reducing Spam: A Simple Solution
Rose, Chris; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 157-158; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Unsolicited e-mail, otherwise called spam, continues to flood the inboxes of all users of the Internet since it is estimated
that more than a half of all e-mail or over one trillion pieces of spam will reach the inboxes of Internet users in 2003. However,
the problems of controlling spam are many since:(a) spam is virtually free for the sender (b) the SMTP protocol which governs
the transmission of e-mail on the Internet was not designed to handle the complexities of deception and mistrust on a large
network and (c) many major corporations are surreptitiously involved in spam. Although the development of a social
conscience might keep some large corporations from engaging in spam, but spam, as we know it, would cease to exist only
if either the cost of sending e-mail increased or a new secure protocol to exchange e-mail was developed. Of the two options,
the quickest and easiest remedy would be to eliminate the reverse economics of sending spam by introducing a computing cost
for sending e-mail.
Author
Electronic Mail; Internets
20050010014 Porto Univ., Portugal
Using Ontologies For Prospection Of Best Offer On The Web
Cardoso, Rafael Cunha; daFonsecadeSouza, Fernando; Salgado, Ana Carolina; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet
Computing; [2004], pp. 149; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Nowadays, information retrieval and extraction systems play an important role trying to get relevant information from the
vast amount of contents existing on the World Wide Web (WWW). Semantic Web can be seen as the Web’s future and thus,
presents a series of new concepts and tools that may be used to insert ‘intelligence’ into such contents in the current WWW.
Among such techniques, Ontologies, for example, perform a fundamental role in such a new context. With Ontologies,
intelligent agents can cover the Web to ‘understand’ its sense in order to execute more complex and useful tasks on behalf of
their users. This work has as its main objective to create a mechanism for searching and filtering specific information from
a set of HTML or XML documents extracted from the Web, using techniques from the Semantic Web, particularly Ontologies.
Author
Extraction; Information Retrieval; World Wide Web
20050010015 Porto Univ., Portugal
Virtual Active IP Node for Collaborative Environments
Puentes, Francisco; Cameiro, Victor; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 135; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The present document describes the VAIN architecture (Virtual Active IP Node), which enables users to deploy new
network services based on virtual active networks, and how it solves the challenge of segmenting the incoming traffic that
crosses nodes towards the services, conserving the original objective of independence of the protocol. Our solution is based
on using network expressions that use all the semantic contained in each incoming packet, which does not need to know the
inner structure of the protocols. VAIN architecture has been development to response to challenges outlined by electronic
commerce, specifically those regarding to collaborative environments and marketplaces. To achieve this objective we have
considered the following goals: first, a three layer conceptualization; second, a transparent implantation and its integration witl
existing infrastructures; and third, a strategy of network traffic distribution based in all the information within the input
packets, which is named ‘expressions based distribution’. Mainly, VAIN uses as guest code an interpreter of intermediate code
from .NET architecture, although it is open to use other guest codes. VAIN is immediately over the link layer, being able to
be extended to any other similar net protocol, and it is independent of upper protocols existing or not at the present time. Our
architecture also presents a polymorphic character since it allows changing its behavior in a transparent way and virtually
emulating other architectures without affecting to its functionality.
Author
Protocol (Computers); Computer Networks
20050010017 Porto Univ., Portugal
Analyzing Observable Behaviors Of Device Ecology Workflows
Ling, Sea; Loke, Seng; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 149; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
163
We envision an Internet computational platform of the 21st century that will include device ecologies consisting of
collections of devices interacting synergistically with one another, with users, and with Internet resources. We consider {\em
device ecology workflows} as a type of workflow describing how such devices work together. It would be ideal if one can
model the devices in a computer and analyze the effects when such workflows are executed in the device ecology. This paper
provides Petri Net model in terms of workflow nets for analyzing the observable effects of device ecology workflows.
Author
Internet Resources; Computation; Collection
20050010018 Porto Univ., Portugal
The Assessment of E-Commerce Awareness on Highly Valuable Traditional Products in Thailand
JungThirapanich, Chamnong; Vanichvisuttikul, Sakuna; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004],
pp. 135-136; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper discusses the potential of e-commerce development of the Thai rural people who are the products owners in
the government project entitled OTOP (One Tambon or District, One Product) Project in Thailand. It is done by reviewing the
awareness and readiness of the products owners who are the regional products champions from all over Thailand. This study
also identifies the enabling factors, the limitations, and forecasts the future growth of e-commerce for OTOP Project.
Additionally, the paper will be beneficial to both parties; the government and the people in the rural areas, in solving the
problem at the grass root level in Thailand. Five hundred products owners were selected from different products categories,
253 out of 500 responded with usable answers. The response rate was 50.6% which is higher than the expected rate for such
surveys. The major problems of the existing OTOP production process and business operation are price, lack of funds for stock
inventory and piracy of the local wisdom. Awareness of e-commerce among these rural people is high but the level of
acceptance for the knowledge and technology transferred are rather low, due to the digital divide in Thailand. Most of them
are facing the same situations which are about seeking more distribution channels and enhancing more markets.
Author
Electronic Commerce; Surveys; Market Research
20050010025 Porto Univ., Portugal
Learning Processes and the Role of Technological Networks as an Innovative Challenge
Carneiro, Alberto; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 145-146; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper intends to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the role and the value of technological networks
in learning processes, whose integration can enhance enterprise performance. Considering that the adequate combination of
some variables, as IT, Internet, Intranet, computers, Information Systems and teamwork’s’ activities may modify drastically
organisations’ behaviour, a conceptual model for the optimisation of enterprises’ performance as a function of technological
networks is suggested.
Author
Information Systems; Computer Networks; Optimization; Internets
20050010029 Porto Univ., Portugal
Recent Research and Future Directions in Mobile Agents for Mobile Devices
Li, Xining; Mahmoud, Quasay; Xu, Zhujun; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 162; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Due to the potentially explosive growth of the mobile devices, people have showed great interests in the field of mobile
computing by using various wireless applications. It benefits those users who would never have used a computer or who are
simply not able to get one. However, most mobile devices suffer from limited computation resources such as low bandwidth
and slow network connection. Low requirement of network connection of mobile agents make them a promising tool for the
mobile devices. In this paper, we present an overview of currently available mobile agent platforms developed for mobile
devices. Given the classification of these approaches underlining the platforms, the paper discusses both their advantages and
disadvantages. To conclude, limitation and concerns for embedded mobile agent platforms are discussed.
Author
Wireless Communication; General Overviews
164
20050010030 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Event-Based Framework For Service-Oriented Computing
Leune, Kees; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 155; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Service Oriented Computing (SOC) demands a framework that seamlessly integrates all connection points between
business processes, services and associated support resources. To address this challenge, we introduce the Event-driven
Framework for Service Oriented Computing (EFSOC) that is organized in three tiers: the event tier, the business process tier,
and the access control tier. The event tier encompasses definitions of business-related events, and supports their propagation
throughout the business process flow. The business process tier specifies the interactions between business processes and
services and the access control tier defines access roles that are allowed to invoke certain services.
Author
Access Control; Computer Networks; Commerce
20050010031 Porto Univ., Portugal
Web Service Component Markets: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Third Wave of Software Marketplaces
vanHillegersberg, Jos; vandenHeuvel, Willem-Jan; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 148;
In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The Service Oriented Computing paradigm, with as its main manifestation web-service technology, holds high promises,
but develops its full potential only when packaged web-services are traded in a service market. The Internet seems ideal for
this purpose and various sources have predicted a bright future for the Internet Web Service Market (WSM). However, very
little is known about the current status, structure and trends within the WSM. This study develops a model of the WSM and
a classification of components traded in the WSM. Using these, the WSM status and developments are investigated. The result,
show that the WSM is emerging but that its impact is not (yet) as dramatic as expected. Although there are some trends towards
a mature market, the WSM is clearly in its early stages. However, intermediaries and component producers are offering
promising new services that are likely to deliver new growth of the market in the coming years.
Author
Classifications; Internets; World Wide Web
20050010032 Porto Univ., Portugal
AMPLIA Learning Environment: A Proposal for Pedagogical Negotiation
Vicari, Rosa Maria; Seixas, Louise; Gluz, Joao Carlos; Flores, Cecilia Dias; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet
Computing; [2004], pp. 154; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
AMPLIA is an Intelligent Multi-Agent Learning Environment. It is designed to support training of diagnostic reasoning
and modelling of domains with complex and uncertain knowledge. AMPLIA focuses on the medical area, where learner’s
modelling tasks will consist of creating a Bayesian network for a problem the system will present. A pedagogic negotiation
process (managed by an intelligent Mediator Agent) will handle with the differences of topology and probability distribution
between the model the learner built and the one built-in in the system. That negotiation process occurs between the agents that
represent the expert knowledge domain and the agent that represents the learner knowledge. The possibility of using Bayesian
network: to create knowledge representation allows the learner to visualize his/her ideas organization, create and test
hypothesis.
Author
Knowledge Representation; Hypotheses; Probability Theory; Education
20050010034 Porto Univ., Portugal
Incorporating the Elements of the MASE Methodology into Agent Open
Henderson-Sellers, Brian; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 132; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Construction of an enterprise-wide, web-based system can be assisted by the use of agents and an agent-oriented
methodology. As part of an extended research program to create such an AO methodology by combining the benefits of
method engineering and existing object-oriented frameworks (notably the OPF), we have analyzed here contributions to the
OPF repository of process components from the MASE agent-oriented methodology. We have identified three new Tasks,
together with one additional Technique and two new Work Products.
Author
Software Engineering; World Wide Web
165
20050010037 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Model Of Agent Ontologies For B2C e-Commerce
Rosaci, Domenico; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 144; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper proposes a formal model of agent ontotogies, suitable to represent the realities of both customers and sellers
in a B2C electronic commerce scenario. This model is capable of describing the entities involved in the above realities
(products, product features, product categories) as well as the behaviour of customers and sellers in performing their activities.
A system architecture, based on the presented ontology model, is also briefly described.
Author
Architecture (Computers); Electronic Commerce; Models
20050010045 Porto Univ., Portugal
Content Oriented Architecture for Consumer-to-Business E-Commerce
Furht, Borko; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 169; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Consumer-to-Business (C2B) systems represent the future of e-Commerce. Using natural language as a basis, and
remaining keenly aware of its potential pitfalls, we describe a software specific communication model based on a new concept
called content-biased language (CBL). It is shown that the requirements of a C2B system cannot be satisfied with anything
less than the stretchability of a CBL. Once this fact has been established, the remainder of this paper discusses a representation
for a CBL, as well as an architecture for utilizing that representation. This effort results in the description of a new software
quality measure called stretchability, as well as the introduction of perspective domain graphs (PDGs), external open
ontological type systems (EOOTS), and global and constituent systems. Finally, the discussion closes with the definition of
a new distributed system design called the Content Oriented Architecture (COA).
Author
Electronic Commerce; Computer Programs; Natural Language (Computers); Systems Engineering
20050010047 Porto Univ., Portugal
Composition of Web Services in the ICS Architecture
Baluz, Carlos Roberto; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 165; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper proposes the use of the Web Services Composition to enhance the matchmaking process actually in use within
the ICS (Intelligent Commerce System), a Business-to-Business e-commerce system. The actual matchmaking process used
in the ICS considers only single services and may return a high number of false-negative results. The new approach aims to
reduce the number of false-negative results through the composition of existing single services to obtain new functionality.
Author
Electronic Commerce; Architecture (Computers); World Wide Web
20050010049 Porto Univ., Portugal
Toolkits Supporting Open Innovation In e-Government
Felfernig, Alexander; Wundara, Manfred; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 166; In English;
See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Today there exists a variety of efforts to bring public administration closer to its customers (citizens, entrepreneurs, etc.).
This paper investigates the concept of open innovation w.r.t, its applicability in the area of e-government. The concept is well
known within the context of mass customizing products and services, i.e. producing and selling of customer-individual
products and services under mass production pricing conditions. The authors show how approaches from the area of artificial
intelligence can be applied as tools for open innovation in e-government.
Author
Artificial Intelligence; Functional Design Specifications; Software Development Tools
20050010050 Porto Univ., Portugal
Designing Quality Web Applications Using Web Patterns
Andreou, Andreas S.; Mavromoustakos, Stephanos; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 156;
In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
166
Patterns are commonly utilized by Web developers for reusability purposes. However, this paper shows how Web patterns
can also enhance the quality of Web applications. Firstly, Web quality is divided into five major components, namely usability,
functionality, reliability, efficiency, and maintainability. Secondly, the relationship of these quality components with certain
Wet patterns is demonstrated and a set of guidelines for designing quality Web applications using these patterns is proposed.
A successful Web site is then used as a case-study to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed guidelines. The Web patterns
utilized by the site under study are identified and matched with the proposed list of patterns. Finally, we investigated how these
patterns contribute to the success of the specific Web application.
Author
Websites; Maintainability; Reliability
20050010053 Porto Univ., Portugal
M-Computing System for Enterprises: A Design Framework
Bui, Tung; Thai, Mai; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 142; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Mobile computing has been touted as the next technological revolution that would finally allow businesses to achieve the
required level of competitiveness in the new economy - that is to compete in a frictionless and (close to) real-time economy.
This inevitable trend is made possible thanks to the development of mobile computing in the midst of the progressive
miniaturization of virtually all system components as well as the convergence of mobile communications and computer
technologies. It offers opportunities for enterprises to procreate their competitive advantages, form new business processes and
improve old ones, while leveraging the time and location sensitivity that wireless communications have to offer. However,
several enterprises have not been able to reap the opportunities since they do not know how to develop an effective mobile
computing system that can satisfy their business desiderata. This paper presents a system development framework that guides
enterprises to devise a cost-effective m-computing platform that is conducive to fulfill their business needs and creates the best
returns on investment.
Author
Computer Systems Design; Mobile Communication Systems; Systems Engineering
20050010055 Porto Univ., Portugal
A P2P-Based Infrastructure For Virtual-Enterprise’s Supply-Chain Management
Panti, Maurizio; Penserini, Loris; Spalazzi, Luca; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 140; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper proposes and describes a prototype of a peer-to-peer based infrastructure to support virtual enterprise’s supply
chain management. Because of a virtual enterprise is composed of autonomous, distributed, and continuously evolving
entities, we have naturally modeled each business entity like a peer’s agent platform that can play several roles according to
the task to be fulfilled. Moreover, we are interested in coordination issues among both peer’s agent platforms and agent
platforms’ roles. To this end, we describe and apply such roles, required to the organizational architecture, into a virtual
storehouse scenario.
Author
Prototypes; Architecture (Computers); Virtual Reality
20050010056 Porto Univ., Portugal
Trusted e-mail: A Proposed Approach To Prevent Credit Card Fraud in Soft-Products E-Commerce
Alfuraih, Saleh; McLeod, Dennis; Sui, Nien; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 140; In
English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Soft-products are intangible products that can be consumed without shipment, such as software, music and calling cards
(calling time). The demand for soft-products on the Internet has been increasing for the past few years. At the same time,
fraudulent credit card transactions have also increased. Compared to tangible products, fraudulent credit card transactions on
soft-products are easier to conduct while difficult to recover. The fraudulent transaction is a major problem for e-commerce
merchants, customers, and credit card issuers. In this paper, we classify the type of products sold on the Internet, and the
common fraud that occurs for each type. We review some of the best existing credit card fraud prevention methods and
introduce the Trusted email mechanism as a new way to prevent fraudulent transactions on soft-product. Trusted email is a
167
custom email solution that can uniquely identify and authenticate the online customer, prevent unauthorized credit card
transactions, and effectively resolve e-commerce disputes
Author
Electronic Commerce; Electronic Mail
20050010057 Porto Univ., Portugal
Principles For Creating Web Sites: A Design Perspective
Costa, J. Paulo; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 141; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The importance of aesthetics is frequently forgotten, in order to solve this problem, we identified in the literature some
of the theory that is underlying graphic design, gestalt theory and multimedia design. Based in the literature review, we
proposed principles for web site design. We also present a tool to evaluate web design
Author
Websites; Computer Systems Design
20050010060 Porto Univ., Portugal
On Ontology Matching Problems (For Building a Corporate Semantic Web in a Multi-Communities Organization)
Bach, Thanh Le; Dieng-Kuntz, Rose; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 162; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Ontologies are nowadays used in many domains such as Semantic Web, information systems... to represent meaning of
data and data sources. In the framework of knowledge management in an heterogeneous organization, the materialization of
the organizational memory in a ‘corporate semantic web’ may require to integrate the various ontologies of the different groups
ol this organization. To be able to build a corporate semantic web in an heterogeneous, multi-communities organization, it is
essential to have methods for comparing, aligning, integrating or mapping different ontologies. This paper proposes a new
algorithm for matching two ontologies based on all the information available about the given ontologies (e.g. their concepts,
relations, information about the structure of each hierarchy of concepts, or of relations...), applying TF/IDF scheme (a method
widely used in the information retrieval community) and integrating WordNet (an electronic lexical database) in the process
of ontology matching.
Author
Semantics; World Wide Web; Organizations; Information Systems; Algorithms
20050010066 Porto Univ., Portugal
Performance Evaluation of TCP/IP in 802.11 Wireless Networks
Lee, Sang Gap; Nagamalai, Dhinaharan; Dhinaharan, Beatice Cynthia; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing;
[2004], pp. 151; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The increasing popularity of wireless networks indicates that wireless links will play an important role in future
internetworks. TCP is a reliable transport protocol tuned to perform well in habitual networks made up of links with low
bit-error rates. TCP was originally designed for wired networks, where loss of data is assumed to be due to congestion.
However, networks with wireless and other Iossy links also suffer from significant losses due to high bit error rates and
handoff. But the assumption made by TCP, that loss of data is due to congestion in wireless environment causes degraded
end-to-end performance. Hence a variety of mechanisms were proposed to improve TCP performance over wireless links. In
this paper we wish to analyze the design and implementation of a simple protocol, called the snoop protocol that improves
the performance of TCP in wireless networks. The protocol modifies the network layer software mainly at the base station and
preserves end-to end TCP semantics. The main feature of this protocol is to cache packets at the base station and to perform
local retransmission across the wireless links. The results of several experiments performed by implementing snoop protocol
on a wireless test bed consisting of IBM think pads laptops and Pentium based personal computer running BSD/OS 2.1 from
BSDI show that a reliable link layer protocol that is TCP-aware provides very good performance.
Author
Wireless Communication; Computer Networks; Performance Tests; Internets; Protocol (Computers)
20050010070 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Software for Intelligent System Health Management (ISHM)
Trevino, Luis C.; [2004]; 17 pp.; In English; Software for Intelligent System Health Management Briefing, 29 Oct. 2004,
Normal, AL, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
168
The slide presentation is a briefing in four areas: overview of health management paradigms; overview of the
ARC-Houston Software Engineering Technology Workshop held on April 20-22, 2004; identified technologies relevant to
technical themes of intelligent system health management; and the author’s thoughts on these topics.
CASI
Computer Programming; Software Engineering; Computer Systems Performance; Reliability
20050010189 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Simultaneous Connection Management and Protection in a Distributed Multilevel Security Environment
Sears, Joseph D., Author; Sep. 2004; 146 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427538; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The Naval Postgraduate School Center for Information Systems Security Studies and Research (CISR) is designing and
developing a distributed multilevel secure (MLS) network known as the Monterey Security Architecture (MYSEA). MYSEA
will permit the delivery of unmodified commercial off the shelf productivity software applications and data from a large
number of single-level network domains (e.g., NIPRNET, SIPRNET, JWICS) to a trusted distributed operating environment
that enforces MLS policies. The analysis and development of a communications framework necessary to support connections
between multiple MLS servers and a set of high assurance network appliances supporting simultaneous access to multiple
single level networks and their concurrent connection management is required to fulfill the goal of MYSEA. To enable this
functionality, modifications to the existing MYSEA server, the development of a new high assurance communications security
device - the Trusted Channel Module (TCM), and the implementation of a trusted channel between the MYSEA server and
the TCM is required. This document specifies a framework for incorporating the high level design of the TCM, several trusted
daemons and databases, plus the incorporation of a trusted channel protocol into MYSEA to enable a distributed MLS
environment.
DTIC
Protection; Security; Systems Analysis
20050010224 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Electronic Warfare: A Critical Military and Technological Asset for the Improvement of the Common European
Security and Defense Policy (ESDP)
Panagopoulos, Ilias, Author; Sep. 2004; 167 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427724; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy
The Maastricht Treaty renamed the European Community the European Union (EU) and shaped the EU’s three pillars.
Pillar two, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), promoted cooperation among member states in foreign policy
affairs. It also introduced the need to develop a common European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) that aimed at
providing police and military capabilities to the CFSP. This idea represented a new element in the European integration
process. ESDP was launched formally in June 1999, establishing ESDP’s mission on the three Petersberg Tasks: (1)
humanitarian and evacuation missions, (2) peacekeeping missions, and (3) combat missions for crisis management. The
European Council agreed that the EU needed the capacity for autonomous action backed by credible military forces ready to
respond to international crises without prejudice to actions by NATO. Thus, in Dec 1999, the European Rapid Reaction Force
(RRF) was formed. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the development of the ESDP and to stress the need to consider
Electronic Warfare (EW) as a militarily critical technology. The need for common operational concepts, doctrines, and
training, especially in EW, becomes a necessity as Joint EU Armed Forces become ready to manage regional and international
crises. However, a study of ESDP’s current status shows that EW has been addressed but not properly emphasized. To
demonstrate EW’s weight, an imaginary scenario called ‘Save Atlantia 2008’ was created in which the Improved
Many-on-Many (IMOM) software program was used to simulate EW effects. Specifically, the IMOM program was used to
model the radar and tactical jamming system of the Joint European Air Force to determine its effectiveness against several
radar early warning systems. A section describes the military capabilities of the EU and the nations that have taken the lead
in those areas, including AAR, UAVs, CSAR, NBC protection, TBMD, and ISTAR. (12 tables, 37 figures, 99 refs.7
DTIC
Electronic Warfare; Emergencies; Management Methods; Policies; Security
169
63
CYBERNETICS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS
Includes feedback and control theory, information theory, machine learning, and expert systems. For related information see also 54
Man/System Technology and Life Support.
20050001281 Porto Univ., Portugal
ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems
[2004]; 38 pp.; In English; 6th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 14-17 Apr. 2004, Porto, Portugal;
See also 20050001282 - 20050001384; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Reports are presented from the 6th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, on topics regarding
Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems. Report subjects include expert systems, data mining, pattern recognition,
knowledge systems and knowledge management, and topics on linguistics.
Derived from text
Artificial Intelligence; Decision Support Systems; Expert Systems
20050001285 Porto Univ., Portugal
Doctus Intelligent Executive Portal for Business Decisions: Using Hard Data and Soft Knowledge in Doctus Intelligent
Portal
Baracskai, Zoltan; Nagy, Zoltan; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 57; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Business decision makers live in the avalanche of information, and the environment produces all kinds of surprises.
However, companies should survive, that is what business decision makers struggle for. Doctus, our knowledge based system;
using case-based reasoning is integrated in an intelligent portal which links the soft knowledge of experts with the help of a
company-wide knowledge map and its ‘zoom-ins’. Also hard data can be derived (’mined’) from data warehouses or integrated
information systems. The portal supports business decision makers to take routine decisions easily, but also enables the contact
to the Knowledge Factory, where new knowledge is created. This can assist business decision makers to make original
decisions.
Author
Knowledge Based Systems; Management Systems
20050001330 Porto Univ., Portugal
Olimpo System Web-Technology for Electronic Government and Pace World
Bortolon, Andre; Hoeschl, Hugo Cesar; Bueno, Tania; Mattos, Eduardo; Ferreira, Vania; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence
and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 74-75; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The paper describes the Olimpo System, a knowledge-based system that enables the user to access textual files and to
retrieve information that is similar to the search context described by the user in natural language. The paper is focused on
the innovation recently implemented on the system and its new features. A detailed description is presented about the search
level and the similarity metrics used by the system. The methodology applied to the Olimpo system emphasises the use of
information retrieval methods combined with the Artificial Intelligence technique named SCS (Structured Contextual Search).
Author
Knowledge Based Systems; Information Retrieval
20050001331 Porto Univ., Portugal
Monthly Flow Estimation Using Elman Neural Networks
Neto, Luiz Biondi; SoaresdeMello, Joao; Velloso, Maria Fernandes; Meza, Lidia Angulo; Coelho, Pedro Gouvea; ICEIS 2004:
Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 54; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources
This paper investigates the application of partially recurrent artificial neural networks (ANN) in the flow estimation for
Sao Francisco River that feeds the hydroelectric power plant of Sobradinho. An Elman neural network was used suitably
arranged to receive samples of the flow time series data available for Sao Francisco River shifted by one month. For that, the
neural network input had a delay loop that included several sets of inputs separated in periods of five years monthly shifted.
The considered neural network had three hidden layers. There is a feedback between the output and the input of the first hidden
layer that enables the neural network: to present temporal capabilities useful in tracking time variations. The data used in the
170
application concern to the measured Sao Francisco river flow time series from 1931 to 1996, in a total of 65 years from what
60 were used for training and 5 for testing. The obtained results indicate that the Elman neural network is suitable to estimate
the river flow for 5 year periods monthly. The average estimation error was less than 0.2 %.
Author
Neural Nets; Time Series Analysis; Rivers; Water Flow; Flow Measurement
20050001347 Porto Univ., Portugal
Model P: An Approach of the Adaptability
Petit, Claude; Billy, Mathilde; Magaud, Francois-Xavier; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems;
[2004], pp. 57; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper summarizes a new approach of the Cased-based Reasoning. The cases are not stored. The problem case
solution is built as a puzzle. The puzzle obtained corresponds to the required solution. Each part is carrying information and
has an associative behavior. A piece seeks the piece which can be associated in width and in depth method. This associative
behavior is determined by several mechanisms: engine of expert system to binary rules, model of multicriterion choice of
ordinal outclassing, search for close indices. A puzzle can thus have a complex mode of reasoning; each piece has a specific
behavior. The tool was tested on two applications of decision-making aid: identification of malaria facies and assistance to the
specification of habitats.) These applications made it possible to check the interest of this original framework. In particular
it brings an elegant solution to the phase of adaptation in CBR technique.
Author
Problem Solving; Decision Making; Expert Systems
20050001354 Porto Univ., Portugal
Adaptive Techniques for the Human Faces Detection
Marar, Joao Fernando; Costa, Danilo Nogueira; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 74; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper presents results from an efficient approach to an automatic detection and extraction of human faces from
images with any color, texture or objects in background, that consist in find isosceles triangles formed by the eyes and mouth.
Author
Pattern Recognition; Anthropometry; Face (Anatomy)
20050001380 Porto Univ., Portugal
The Data Flow and Distributed Calculations Intelligence Information Technology for Decision Support System in Real
Time
Okhtilev, Michael; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 45; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The aim of this investigation is to develop unified models of complex technological process as controlled object states
knowledge presentation; methods, algorithms and system of complex technological process states monitoring (situation
assessment) programs automatic synthesis according to preset target and capability of verification and optimization
considered; special software prototype realizing controlled objects automatic monitoring.
Author
Decision Support Systems; Information Flow; Real Time Operation; Artificial Intelligence
20050001383 Porto Univ., Portugal
G.R.E.E.N. An Expert System to Identify Gymnosperms
Bailon, Antonio; Gibaja, Eva; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 74; In English;
See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The application of Artificial Intelligence techniques to the problem of botanical identification is not particularly
widespread ever less so on Internet. There are several interactive identification systems but they usually deal with raw
knowledge so it appears that ‘research and development of web-based expert systems are still in their early stage’ (Li et al.,
2002). In this paper we present the G.R.E.E.N. (Gymnosperms Remote Expert Executed Over Networks) System as an Expert
System for the identification of Iberian Gymnosperms which allows on-line uncertainty queries to be made. The System is
171
operative and it can be consulted in http://drimys.ugr.es/experto/index.html.
Author
Expert Systems; Plants (Botany); Identifying
20050010137 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Demonstrating Robotic Autonomy in NASA’s Intelligent Systems Project
Morris, Robert; Smith, Ben; Estlin, Tara; Pedersen, Liam; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; 8th ESA Workshop on Advance Space
Technologies for Robotics and Automation, ‘ASTRA 2004’, 2-4 Nov. 2004, Noordwijk, Netherlands; No Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources; Abstract Only
This paper will provide an overview of NASA’s investments in autonomy during the past five years within the Intelligent
Systems Project, with particular attention paid to investments that have resulted in mission infusion of autonomy technology,
in particular, into the recent Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission. The content of the paper will be divided into two primary
topic areas: a technical overview of the component technologies developed under the program, and a programmatic overview
of the history and organization of the NASA IS project itself, with a focus on describing the program elements related to
autonomy and intelligent robotics. The paper will also provide an overview of the September 2004 autonomy demonstrations,
including a discussion of objectives, organization, and preliminary results (to the extent they are available before the
submission deadline).
Author
Autonomy; Mars Exploration; NASA Programs; Robotics
20050010280 Naval Observatory, Washington, DC USA
Application of Control Theory in the Formation of a Timescale
Koppang, P., Author; Johns, D., Author; Skinner, J., Author; Sep. 2004; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427849; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
We have created a timescale that joins the short-term stability of several hydrogen masers with the long-term capabilities
of an ensemble of cesium frequency standards. Control theory is utilized in a system design that combines frequency standards
with varied properties. The system steers a maser ensemble with respect to a cesium ensemble while minimally perturbing the
maser short-term performance. Results are given from both simulated and measured data. Systems are designed using linear
quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and pole-placement techniques.
DTIC
Control Theory
20050010281 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA
Long-Lived, Energetic States of Small Molecules: Spectroscopy, Pattern Recognition, and Formation/Destruction
Mechanisms
Field, Robert W., Author; Jun. 2004; 17 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0078; Proj-2303
Report No.(s): AD-A427850; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0570; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The formation, deactivation, and detection mechanisms of atoms and molecules in metastable electronically excited states
are, in general, ill characterized. Yet the chemical and photophysical properties of such states are relevant to Air Force
Missions in communication, upper atmosphere modeling, and high-speed vehicle tracking, and identification. The capabilities
of a multispectral molecular beam apparatus have been demonstrated on the electronic spectrum of acetylene in the energy
region of the first excited singlet state (S1), which is isoenergetic with high vibrational levels of the metastable triplet states
(T1, T2, T3). This apparatus records two kinds of spectra (UV-LIF and SEELEM, respectively UltraViolet Laser Induced
Fluorescence and Surface Electron Ejection by Laser Excited Metastables) simultaneously, which sample complementary
groups of short- and long-lived rovibronic states. The most remarkable findings are: (i) UV-LIF spectra contain fully
assignable eigenstates with dominant S1 or T3 character, where the T3 character acts as a ‘doorway’ into states of dominant
T1, T2 character that appear in SEELEM spectra; (ii) SEELEM spectra contain eigenstates that are rotationally fully
assignable, regular in level pattern and relative intensity, yet vibrationally ergodic. Ergodicity in T23 coexists with doorway
behavior in T1. Ergodicity, contrary to naive expectations, results in regular appearing spectra.
DTIC
Destruction; Ejection; Energetic Particles; Lasers; Metastable State; Molecules; Pattern Recognition; Spectroscopy
172
64
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Includes iteration, differential and difference equations, and numerical approximation.
20050001282 Porto Univ., Portugal
Optimization Of Neural Network’s Training Sets Via Clustering: Application In Solar Collector Representation
Silva, Joao Paulo Domingos; Soares, Daniel Alencar; Diniz, Antonia Sonia Cardoso; Pereira, Elizabeth Marques Duarte;
Galvez, Luis Enrique Zarate; Vimieiro, Renato; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 51; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Due the necessity of new ways of energy producing solar collector systems have been widely used around the world. The
efficiency of this kind of systems is calculated through measurement of process parameters. There are mathematical models
that represent these systems. However these models involve several parameters that may lead to nonlinear equations of the
process. Artificial Neural Networks have been proposed in this work as an alternative of these models. However, a better
modeling of the process by means of ANN depends on a representative training set. In order to better define the training set,
the clustering technique called k-means has been used in this work.
Author
Neural Nets; Solar Collectors; Mathematical Models; Nonlinear Equations
20050001290 Porto Univ., Portugal
Analysis Of The Iterated Probabilistic Weighted k-Nearest Neighbor Method: A New Distance-Based Algorithm
Martinez-Otzeta, Jose Maria; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 50-51; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classification method assigns to an unclassified point the class of the nearest of a set of
previously classified points. A problem that arises when applying this technique is that each labeled sample is given equal
importance in deciding the class membership of the pattern to be classified, regardless of the typicalness of each neighbor.
Information Systems, CFP available Page 51 of 188 We report on the application of a new hybrid version named Iterated
Probabilistic Weighted k Nearest Neighbor algorithm (IPW-k-NN) which classifies new cases based on the probability
distribution each case has to belong to each class. These probabilities are computed for each case in the training database
according to the k Nearest Neighbors it has in this database this is a new way to measure the typicalness of a given case with
regard to every class. Experiments have been carried out using UCI Machine Learning Repository well-known databases and
performing 10-fold cross-validation to validate the results obtained in each of them. Three different distances (Euclidean,
Camberra and Chebychev) are used in the comparison done.
Author
Classifications; Algorithms; Data Bases; Machine Learning; Probability Theory
20050001291 Porto Univ., Portugal
Application Of Neural Networks For Prior Appraisal Of Structural Funds Project Proposals
Grzeszczyk, Tadeusz A.; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 51; In English; See
also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The subject of present paper is to discuss the layout of conception referred to the use of artificial intelligence methods
(neural networks) for prior appraisal of project proposals to be submitted by Polish enterprises to European Union in order
to get financial assistance for investments from the EU structural funds and the state budget. The experiments are limited to
prior appraisal of the projects submitted or,ly, as their practical execution may begin not earlier than on the 1st May 2004
(enlargement of European Union). Author of the present paper discusses the method referred to appraisal of project proposal,,
submitted by enterprises. The method is related to review and acceptance of expenditures for investments co-financed by
European Regional Development Fund. The author formulates conception for implementation of appraisal principles which
could be considered as element of review and acceptance of expenditures according to Commission Regulation 1685/2000.
Author
Artificial Intelligence; Layouts; Neural Nets; Proposals
20050001334 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Comparison Between The Proportional Keen Approximator And The Neural Networks Learning Methods
Kabiri, Peyman; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 47-48; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
173
The Proportional Keen Approximation method is a young learning method using the linear approximation to learn
hypothesis. In the paper this methodology will be compared with another well-established learning method i.e. the Artificial
Neural Networks. The aim of this comparison is to learn about the strengths and the weaknesses of these learning methods
regarding different properties of their learning process. The comparison is made using two different comparison methods. In
the first method the algorithm and the known behavioural model of these methods are analysed. Later, using this analysis, these
methods are compared. In the second approach, a reference dataset that contains some of the most problematic features in the
learning process is selected. Using the selected dataset the differences between two learning methods are numerically analysed
and a comparison is made.
Author
Neural Nets; Approximation; Algorithms
20050001345 Porto Univ., Portugal
Linguistic Description of Patterns from Mined Images
Nair, Hema; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 46; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The objective of this paper is to propose an approach to describe patterns in remote-sensed images utilising fuzzy logic.
The general form of a linguistically quantified proposition is ‘QY’s are F’ where Q is a fuzzy linguistic quantifier, Y is a class
of objects and F is a summary that applies to that class. The truth of such a proposition can be determined for each object
characterized by a tuple in the database. Fuzzy descriptions of linguistic summaries help to evaluate the degree to which a
summary describes an object or pattern in the image. A genetic algorithm technique is used to obtain optimal solutions that
describe all the objects or patterns in the database. Image mining is used to extract unusual patterns from multi-dated satellite
images of a geographic area.
Author
Fuzzy Systems; Genetic Algorithms; Linguistics
20050001357 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Comparative Study Of Evolutionary Algorithms For Training Of Elman Recurrent Neural Networks To Predict The
Autonomous Indebtedness
Pegalajar, M. Carmen; Cuellar, Manuel-Pegalajar; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 67-68; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In this paper we will show a training model for Elman Recurrent Neural Networks, based on Evolutionary Algorithms.
It will be applied to Spanish Autonomous Indebtness Prediction. Applied Evolutionary Algorithms are Classic Genetic
Algorithms, Multimodal Clearing algorithm and CHC algorithm. We will make a comparative study, training the net with each
evolutionary algorithm to see the affectiveness of each training model to predict the Spanish Autonomous Indebtness.
Author
Neural Nets; Genetic Algorithms
20050001358 Porto Univ., Portugal
Mining Scientific Results Through The Combined Use Of Clustering And Linear Programming Techniques
Greco, Sergio; Tagarelli, Andrea; Trubitsyna, Irina; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 62; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The paper proposes a technique based on a combined approach of data mining algorithms and linear programming
methods for classifying organizational units, such as research centers. We exploit clustering algorithms for grouping
information concerning the scientific activity of research centers. We also show that the replacement of an expensive efficiency
measurement, based on the solution of linear programs, with a simple formula allows to efficiently compute clusters of very
good quality. Some initial experimental results, obtained from the analysis of research centers in the agro-food sector, show
the effectiveness of our approach, bc.th from an efficiency and a quality-of-results viewpoint.
Author
Algorithms; Data Mining
20050001364 Porto Univ., Portugal
Structural Inertia Of Voting Systems
Carreras, Francesc; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 50; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
174
Simple games reflect with more or less fidelity the strategic tensions inherent to voting systems. An interesting feature
of these systems is their capability to act, i.e. their decisiveness. We introduce in this work a normalized measure of the inertia
of any simple game from the strictly structural or normative viewpoint. Mathematical properties of this measure are presented,
including axiomatic characterizations. The application to a comparative study of certain actual voting systems evidences
striking differences as to the inertia degrees they show.
Author
Inertia; Voting; Games
20050001369 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Symbolic Approach to Linguistic Negation
Pacholczyk, Daniel; El-Sayed, Mazen; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 76; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Negation processing is a challenging problem studied by a large number of researchers from different communities. This
paper focuses on the linguistic negation rather than on the logical one. Our work is based on the main standard forms of
linguistic negation interpretations represented as ‘x is not A’. The reference frame associated with a standard form contains
all its positive interpretations. The main goal of dealing with negation is the selection of one (or several) positive interpretation
(s) associated with a negative sentence from its reference frame. The originality of our approach results from the fact that we
do not research directly all affirmative; interpretations of a negation, but we approximate its significance. We introduce two
operators, one is optimistic and the other is pessimistic. They are defined according to rough set theory. By using the new
negation formulation, we propose several generalizations of the Modus Ponens rule dealing with negative information. The
new model is proposed within a symbolic many-valued predicate logic.
Author
Symbols; Linguistics; Predicate Logic
20050001376 Porto Univ., Portugal
Neural Network and Time Series as Tools for Sales Forecasting
Camargo, Maria Emilia; Filho, Walter Priesnitz; IsabeldosSantos, Angela; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision
Support Systems; [2004], pp. 76; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper presents the use of times series AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) ARIMA model with
interventions, and neural network back-propagation model in analyzing the behavior of sales in a medium size enterprise
located in Rio Grande do Sul Brazil for the period January 1979 December 2002. The forecasts obtained using the
backpropagation model were found to be more accurate than those of ARIMA model with interventions.
Author
Autoregressive Moving Average; Backpropagation (Artificial Intelligence); Forecasting; Neural Nets; Time Series Analysis
20050009898 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Optimal Synthesis of Compliant Mechanisms using Subdivision and Commercial FEA (DETC2004-57497)
Hull, Patrick V.; Canfield, Stephen; 1 November 2004; 30 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC8-222; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The field of distributed-compliance mechanisms has seen significant work in developing suitable topology optimization
tools for their design. These optimal design tools have grown out of the techniques of structural optimization. This paper will
build on the previous work in topology optimization and compliant mechanism design by proposing an alternative design
space parameterization through control points and adding another step to the process, that of subdivision. The control points
allow a specific design to be represented as a solid model during the optimization process. The process of subdivision creates
an additional number of control points that help smooth the surface (for example a C(sup 2) continuous surface depending on
the method of subdivision chosen) creating a manufacturable design free of some traditional numerical instabilities. Note that
these additional control points do not add to the number of design parameters. This alternative parameterization and
description as a solid model effectively and completely separates the design variables from the analysis variables during the
optimization procedure. The motivation behind this work is to create an automated design tool from task definition to
functional prototype created on a CNC or rapid-prototype machine. This paper will describe the proposed compliant
mechanism design process and will demonstrate the procedure on several examples common in the literature.
Author
Optimization; Parameterization; Finite Element Method; Topology; Design Analysis
175
20050010195 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Salisbury, Australia
A Logical and Probabilistic Technique for Classification and Dimensionality Reduction for Objects with Categorical
Data
Porter, Mark, Author; Jun. 2004; 29 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427562; DSTO-RR-0276; DODA-AR-013-127; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
A supervised learning technique, the Attribute Importance Measure (AIM) method, is proposed for the classification of
objects with categorical attributes. The advantage of this method over existing techniques is its ability to perform classification
and dimensionality reduction, or feature selection, with the same algorithm. The method uses probabilistic measures alongside
logical concepts of sufficiency, necessity and irrelevance in providing corresponding weights to values in attribute value pairs.
Finally an efficient search algorithm is developed which generates decision rules for classification. The performance of the new
method is demonstrated on a commonly used machine learning data set.
DTIC
Algorithms; Classifications; Probability Theory
20050010204 Brown Univ., Providence, RI USA
High Order Numerical Methods for Convection Dominated Problems
Shu, Chi-Wang, Author; Oct. 2004; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0405
Report No.(s): AD-A427595; ARO-40470.18-MA; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This project is about the algorithm development, analysis, implementation and application aspects of high order finite
difference weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes, finite volume WENO schemes, discontinuous Galerkin
finite element methods and spectral methods for solving convection dominated problems requiring long time integration and
small dissipation/ dispersion with discontinuous or high gradient solutions. Algorithm development and analysis, investigation
about efficient implementation including parallel implementations, and applications in computational fluid dynamics,
computational semiconductor device simulation and other areas, are performed. The achievement strengthens our objective to
obtain powerful and reliable high order numerical algorithms and use them to solve convection dominated problems,
especially those of army interest.
DTIC
Computational Fluid Dynamics; Convection; Galerkin Method; Numerical Analysis
20050010283 State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook, NY USA
Errors in Numerical Solutions of Spherically Symmetric Shock Physics Problems
Glimm, James, Author; Grove, John W., Author; Kang, Yunghee, Author; Lee, Taewon, Author; Li, Xiaolin, Author; Jan.
2001; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-01-1-0642
Report No.(s): AD-A427855; ARO-42254.40-MA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The authors seek robust and understandable error models for shock physics simulations. The purpose of this paper is to
explore complications introduced by spherical flow in the analysis of errors in the numerical solution of shock interaction
problems. In contrast to the case of planar waves, the spherical waves are not constant in strength between interactions and
the solution is not piecewise constant between waves. Nevertheless, simple power laws predict the dependence of the solution
on the radius. The authors find that the same power laws predict the evolution of the error, as the error once formed propagates
according to the same laws that govern the solution structures (i.e., the waves) themselves. They analyze errors in composite
wave interaction problems based on the analysis of single interactions and a multi-path scattering formula to combine the
effects of errors propagating through the individual interactions. They refine the wave filters they have previously introduced
for the identification and analysis of wave strength and position in planar (1D) shock physics simulations. The filter now must
be applicable to the case of non-constant states between waves. The numerical solutions, in contrast to the physical solutions,
are approximately constant in a narrow region immediately adjacent to the numerical waves. For this reason, the planar
one-dimensional wave filters provide sufficient accuracy and are used without change. However, as they contemplate the
solution of the same problem in a two-dimensional cylindrical geometry (r, z) or three-dimensional rectangular geometry (x,
y, z), and also contemplate the solutions of perturbed spherical problems (e.g., the spherical Richtmyer-Meshkov instability
problem), there will be a need for higher dimensional wave filters. This paper offers a solution to this pattern recognition
problem. (5 tables, 8 figures, 8 refs.)
DTIC
Error Analysis; Errors; Numerical Analysis; Shock Wave Interaction; Shock Waves; Spherical Waves
176
20050010287 National Standard Time and Frequency Lab., Taoyuan, Taiwan
Time Domain Frequency Stability Estimation Based On FFT Measurements
Chang, P. C., Author; Peng, H. M., Author; Lin, S. Y., Author; Sep. 2004; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427865; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The standard characterizations of frequency stability are, in the time domain, the Allan (or two-sample) variance and, in
the frequency domain, the spectral density function (SDF). The former is mathematically related to the latter by the conversion
between time and frequency domain. In this paper, the biases of the Fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectral estimate with
Hanning window are checked and the resulting unbiased spectral density are used to calculate the Allan variance. Both the
numerical integral and the curve-fitting methods are presented to calculate the variances. The numerical integral is a
straightforward method to use, and we can get the integral approximation after eliminating some spike points from SDF, e.g.
noise caused by ac power. In addition, a common model for SDF is linear combinations of powerlaw processes, which are
distinguished by the integer powers in their functional dependence on Fourier frequency with the appropriate coefficients.
Fitting a form of the above model to the resulting SDF using standard regression techniques can estimate these coefficients.
Cutler s formula is adopted to calculate the integral approximation using these coefficients. The approximations of variances
from these two methods are compared and analyzed. Finally, we discuss the limitations and possible errors from these two
methods.
DTIC
Fast Fourier Transformations; Frequency Stability
20050010359 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA
Numerical Optimization of Multifunctional Components
Patera, Anthony T., Author; Aug. 2004; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0356
Report No.(s): AD-A428077; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0592; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Engineering components are increasingly complex in composition and structure and increasingly multifunctional: indeed,
it is only through complexity and multifunctionality that we can satisfy the stringent performance requirements associated with
critical defense applications. However, these complex, multifunctional systems no longer admit intuitive analysis of trade-off
considerations: we must pursue optimization - optimal choice of material, configuration, and deployment - to realize the
potential of these new approaches. The essential mathematical enabler - and our focus in this project -is very fast yet reliable
prediction of component behavior; armed with the latter, we may then pursue extensive optimization and even real-time
adaptive design and control. Critical ingredients of our approach are: (1) reduced-basis approximations to effect significant
reduction in state-space dimensionality; (2) a posteriori error bounds to provide rigorous error estimation and control; (3)
‘offline/online’ computational decompositions to permit rapid evaluation of output bounds in the limit of many queries. In this
project, we extend our basic methodology to non-coercive, non-affine, non-linear, and ‘non-elliptic’ (parabolic) problems: we
may thus now address the full range of disciplines that typically describe actual ‘thermo structure fluid acoustic
electromagnetic’ multifunctional components.
DTIC
Numerical Analysis; Structural Design
20050010368 Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI USA
An Exact Analytical Expression of the Shear Coefficient in the Mindlin Plate Equation
Hull, Andrew J., Author; Oct. 2004; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A428107; NUWC-NPT-TR-11572; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This report derives an exact analytical expression of the shear coefficient in the Mindlin plate equation. The Mindlin plate
equation is set equal to the thick plate equation, and the result is a closed-form expression of the shear coefficient at all
wavenumbers and frequencies. A numerical example is included to show the variation of the shear coefficient. It is shown that
the shear coefficient is extremely dependent on wavenumber and only slightly dependent on frequency. Shear coefficients
derived in other work are compared favorably to the values calculated by this new method at the plate flexural wave response.
DTIC
Coeffıcients; Mindlin Plates; Wave Equations
177
65
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Includes data sampling and smoothing; Monte Carlo method; time series analysis; and stochastic processes.
20050000122 ATK-Thiokol Propulsion, USA
Circular Data Images for Directional Data
Morpet, William J.; Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics; [2004]; 18 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS8-97238; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Directional data includes vectors, points on a unit sphere, axis orientation, angular direction, and circular or periodic data.
The theoretical statistics for circular data (random points on a unit circle) or spherical data (random points on a unit sphere)
are a recent development. An overview of existing graphical methods for the display of directional data is given. Cross-over
occurs when periodic data are measured on a scale for the measurement of linear variables. For example, if angle is represented
by a linear color gradient changing uniformly from dark blue at -180 degrees to bright red at +180 degrees, the color image
will be discontinuous at +180 degrees and -180 degrees, which are the same location. The resultant color would depend on
the direction of approach to the cross-over point. A new graphical method for imaging directional data is described, which
affords high resolution without color discontinuity from ‘cross-over’. It is called the circular data image. The circular data
image uses a circular color scale in which colors repeat periodically. Some examples of the circular data image include
direction of earth winds on a global scale, rocket motor internal flow, earth global magnetic field direction, and rocket motor
nozzle vector direction vs. time.
Author
Imaging Techniques; Data Structures; Data Processing; Vectors (Mathematics); Statistical Analysis
20050010099 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Linking Learning Strategies and Performance for Support Vector Machines
Howse, J.; Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; May 2002; 48 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101678; LA-UR-02-1933; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
We developed a formal representation of the technique introduced in (Shawe-Taylor, Bartlett, Williamson, & Anthony,
1998; Shawe-Taylor & Cristianini, 1998) for bounding the generalization error of support vector machines. As a consequence
we provide a framework that can be utilized to link learning strategies to their performance bounds in such a way that the
bounds are expressed in terms of the structural properties of the learning strategy (e.g. characterizations of the optimum
classifier in terms of the structure of the finite sample optimization criterion and its value at optimum). We use this framework
to provide performance bounds for a class of support vector machines that includes the soft margin learning strategies
commonly used in practice. We also show how to eliminate the effects of the center and scale of the data in the learning
theorem. We apply this framework to improve results obtained in (Shawe-Taylor & Cristianini 1998) for the 2-norm soft
margin learning strategy by exploiting a relationship between covering numbers of classes of linear functions and covering
numbers of linear operators. This result is expressed in terms of the finite sample criterion value at optimum. Finally we show
this bound can be expressed in terms of the random process.
NTIS
Linear Operators; Classifiers; Random Processes
20050010100 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Learning with the Neyman-Pearson and Min-Max Criteria
Cannon, A.; Howse, J.; Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Jun. 2002; 18 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101677; LA-UR-02-2951; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
We study two design criteria for classication: the Neyman-Pearson criterion and a min-max criterion. For each we prove
a lemma bounding estimation error in terms of error deviance. We then show how these lemmas can be used to determine
probabilistic guarantees on estimation error.
NTIS
Design Analysis; Error Analysis; Estimators; Probability Theory
20050010335 Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA USA
Non-Rayleigh Reverberation Studies
Abraham, Douglas A., Author; Sep. 2004; 104 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-02-1-0115
Report No.(s): AD-A427976; ARL-09119; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy
178
The primary focus of the research was on developing a statistical model for non-Rayleigh reverberation that allowed for
analysis of the reverberation statistics, and therefore the sonar system probability of false alarm, as a function of sonar system
and environmental parameters. Non-Rayleigh reverberation is a statistical representation of clutter in active sonar systems.
False alarms arising from clutter are recognized as the primary hindrance to automating the detection-classificationlocalization (DCL) sonar signal processing chain for low- and mid-frequency systems operating in shallow water
environments. The most significant accomplishment was a novel derivation of the well known K distribution using a finite
number of scatterers as opposed to the traditionally assumed infinite (negative binomial distributed) number. This derivation
allowed linking the shape parameter of the K distribution to sonar parameters such as transmit waveform bandwidth and array
beamwidth as well as environmental parameters such as scatterer density and multipath propagation.
DTIC
Rayleigh Scattering; Reverberation; Signal Processing; Sonar
20050019173 Louisville Univ., KY USA
Multimodality Image Fusion for 3-D Model Building with Applications
Farag, Aly A.; Nov. 2004; 13 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0367
Report No.(s): AD-A428114; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0579; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In this investigation, the authors propose a methodology for 3-D model building through the fusion of multimodality data
provided from space-borne and/ or air-borne sensors. A 3-D model of a target area can be built using different data types (e.g.,
Landsat MSS data, AVIRIS hyperspectral data, range and/or elevation (DEM) data). Data fusion and integration can be
performed either at the data level or at the decision level. Multispectral and hyperspectral data sets can be classified locally
(e.g., using the Fuzzy C-Mean classifier), then decision fusion is used to fuse the local decision classes, or data fusion
techniques can be used to fuse the data sets into one data set for classification. Probabilistic and evidential methods for data
fusion are investigated in this study. Topographic data from range scanners (ALTM) and/or radar (DTED) can be integrated,
after registration, with the classification results of the multispectral and hyperspectral data to produce the final 3-D model of
the sensed target area. Efforts addressed during 2001 included data collection, fuzzy classification for hyperspectral data, and
fusion of range and stereo data. Efforts conducted during 2002 included updating the available programs and testing them with
new data sets; statistical, fuzzy logic classifiers and data fusion algorithms; feature extraction; and image registration and
fusion. Efforts conducted during 2003 included the development of high dimensional density estimation algorithms, statistical
multi-stages classifier for multispectral data, and unsupervised statistical classification. Efforts during 2004 included mean
field theory for density estimation using support vector machines and a unified framework for MAP estimation in remote
sensing image segmentation. The titles of 13 seminars that were given during this contract period are listed. (14 refs.)
DTIC
Classifications; Detection; Image Processing; Multisensor Fusion; Remote Sensing; Targets; Three Dimensional Models
66
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Includes mathematical modeling of systems; network analysis; mathematical programming; decision theory; and game theory.
20050001304 Porto Univ., Portugal
A DSS for Assessing Technology Environments
Camponovo, Giovanni; Pigneur, Yves; Bendahan, Samuel; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems;
[2004], pp. 56; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Assessing the external environment is an important component of organizations’ survival and success. Unfortunately, a
huge amount of information must be collected and processed in order to obtain a thorough and comprehensive representation
of the environment. A decision support system can be very useful in helping decision makers to organize and analyze this
information efficiently and effectively. This paper outlines a conceptual proposition helping to design such a system by
presenting an ontology of the relevant information elements (actors, issues and needs) and a set of tools to analyze them. This
paper also illustrates a prototype version of one of these tools which supports the analysis of the actors and issues perspectives.
Author
Decision Support Systems; Organizations
179
20050010064 Porto Univ., Portugal
Intranet Use: A Study of Five Swedish Organisations
Nystrom, Christina Amcoff; Bank, Bjorn; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 136; In English;
See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper presents a study carried out 2002, concerning the Intranet in five Swedish organizations. The purpose was to
investigate in what way different aspects influence the use and understanding of an Intranet. An explorative approach was used,
based on two interview guides. The first guide was directed to managers and IS representatives and covered background
aspects of the Intranets as well as data about the businesses and their Intranets. The second guide was directed to all kinds
of users and covered aspects about the use of Intranet and in what way users could influence the content and understanding
of the Intranet. The persons interviewed represented end-users, managers and members of the IS-staffs. The results show that
the Intranets in the study were poorly matured and that the main use mode was ‘publishing’. The underlying philosophy of
the Intranets seemed to be self-information rather than to inform others. Furthermore, the use and understanding of Intranet
differed between end-users, managers and the IS-staff according to trust and ideas of responsibilities. Finally, we have
identified important aspects to be considered when investigating use of Intranets in further research. These aspects are
strategies, context, further development process, competence and the Intranets’ organizational affiliation as well as the culture
of the organization.
Author
Computer Networks; Systems Analysis; Operations Research
20050010095 Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Support Vector Machines
Hush, D.; Scovel, C.; Jan. 2000; 22 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101681; LAUR-00-579; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In this report, we discuss Vapnik’s support vector machines for separable and non-separable data. We discuss
implementation issues, generalization performance, and how they are remarkably different from existing classifer design
methodologies.
NTIS
Quadratic Programming; Hyperplanes; Optimization; Vector Analysis
20050010238 Rockwell Scientific Co., LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA USA
Structured Modeling Language for Representing Active Template Libraries (Causal Modeling)
El Fattah, Yousri M., Author; Oct. 2004; 35 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-00-C-0038; Proj-ATEM
Report No.(s): AD-A427773; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2004-272; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
In this report we give a high-level description of the computational approach for the Causal Modeler (CModeler) tool.
The tool provides a capability for capturing the cause/effect constraints in a Special Operations plan and for reasoning tasks
in support of plan execution. The input to the tool is a plan created by a human planner in a mixed initiative environment using
custom graphical interface (a program called SOFTools TPE) and the output is a minimal directed acyclic graph (DAG)
representing a parsimonious potential causality graph. The nodes of the DAG are the actions and the directed arcs represent
potential causal links. The term ‘potential’ emphasizes the uncertainty in the abduced links since no requirement is placed on
the availability of domain theory. Our approach relies on the structural information only; namely the temporal ordering of the
actions and the task hierarchy of the plan. We describe one main application of the tool for the Special Operations domain
to support the task of run-time replanning. The replanning task takes the unexpected events in the execution of the plan (e.g.,
late or aborted actions) and uses the causal model to compute the impact on future actions and reconfigure the plan. We
summarize at the end of the report our views of the lessons learned and give concluding remarks about future directions for
developing this technology.
DTIC
Libraries; Programming Languages; Templates
180
20050010261 Altarum Inst., Ann Arbor, MI USA
Agents Overcoming Resource Independent Scaling Threats
Van Dyke Parunak, H., Author; Brueckner, Sven, Author; Sauter, John A., Author; Savit, Robert, Author; Oct. 2004; 20 pp.;
In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-00-C-0134; DARPA ORDER-K275; Proj-ANTS
Report No.(s): AD-A427822; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2004-280; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
This project uses abstract simulation models of resource allocation and mathematical techniques inspired by statistical
physics to study the nonlinear emergent dynamics of distributed decentralized resource allocation. Our techniques seek to
characterize the dynamics that may be anticipated in real systems, to predict pathological dynamics such as peaks in required
computational effort and catastrophic breakdown in performance, and to develop control methods based on this understanding.
Our general approach begins with a set of abstract Resource Allocation Games (RAG). These games are derived from the
Minority Game, a simple model of competition for scarce re-sources that captures essential features of interactions among
agents that are heterogeneous, autonomous, boundedly rational, adaptable, parallel, co-situated, and experienced. Our research
explores and generally confirms two hypotheses concerning the dynamics of resource allocation. ’ The Generality Hypothesis
asserts that a generic RAG exhibits dynamics that are intrinsic to resource allocation, independent of mechanism. ’ The
Specificity Hypothesis asserts that a RAG can be developed to resemble a specific re-source allocation mechanism and study
its (idiosyncratic) dynamics.
DTIC
Game Theory
20050010341 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA
Multidimensional Numerical Modeling of Surges Over Initially Dry Land
Berger, R. C., Author; Lee, L. M., Author; Sep. 2004; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427993; ERDC/CHL-TR-04-10; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
For modelers evaluating the impact of dam, levee and structure failures the need is to be able to determine the flood height
and timing. A two-dimensional (2-D) model needs to be able to reproduce this flood wave along the channel and over dry
ground. This report details the testing of the 2-D shallow-water module of the ADaptive Hydraulics (ADH) model for surges
over initially dry ground. ADH utilizes an unstructured computational mesh that is automatically refined. Other modules in
ADH include three-dimensional (3-D) Navier Stokes (with and without the hydrostatic pressure assumption) and groundwater
flow. Testing is conducted in comparison to physical flume results for two test cases. The first test case is for a straight flume
and the second contains a reservoir and a horseshoe channel section. It is important that the model match the timing of the
surge as well as the height In both cases the ADH compared closely with the flume results.
DTIC
Adaptation; Arid Lands; Ground Water; Hydrostatic Pressure; Mathematical Models; Surges
20050010396 Rand Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
Unexploded Ordnance: A Critical Review of Risk Assessment Methods
MacDonald, Jacqueline, Author; Knopman, Debra, Author; Lockwood, J. R., Author; Cecchine, Gary, Author; Willis, Henry,
Author; Jan. 2004; 176 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0003
Report No.(s): AD-A428211; RAND/MR-1674-A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy
Unexploded ordnance (UXO) and munitions constituents’ on former military bases in the USA are causing increasing
concern. While civilian fatalities from UXO explosions on U.S. soil have been rare, the risk of such accidents could increase
substantially as more closed bases are transferred from military to civilian control. Since the end of the Cold War,
approximately 20 percent of major domestic military bases and many smaller ones have been closed and designated for
eventual transfer to civilian ownership. Reflecting the growing concern about domestic UXO sites, the National Defense
Authorization Act of 2002 directs the Department of Defense to inventory UXO sites, establish a new program element for
UXO remediation, and assess progress to date on cleaning up UXO. This report addresses one part of the process of cleaning
up UXO and munitions constituents at domestic military installations: the assessment of risks associated with these
contaminants. Risk assessment helps define the technical dimension of UXO problems. It provides a technical basis for setting
priorities among sites and choosing among alternative cleanup strategies. It is important to keep in mind that even the
best-designed set of risk assessment methods will not resolve all the controversies that arise at UXO sites. Risk assessment
can help educate the participants in the decision process about the nature and magnitude of risk involved. However, the
181
ultimate decision about how to respond to UXO must be based on ethical concerns, socioeconomic issues, and costs, in
addition to risk. The risk assessor’s job is not to decide what risk is acceptable; it is to do the best possible job calculating
the risk. This report evaluates the adequacy of methods developed for UXO risk assessment, reviews the risk assessment
methodologies of other Federal agencies for possible application to UXO, and proposes strategies for improving risk
assessment methods for UXO sites. (24 tables, 23 figures, 88 re7
DTIC
Ammunition; Assessments; Closures; Contamination; Risk
20050019174 Military Academy, West Point, NY USA
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis for US Army Recruiting Input Allocation
Brence, John R.; Kwinn, Michael J., Jr.; Thomas, David A.; Oct. 2004; 30 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A428144; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Development of a useful recruiting model requires an in-depth investigation of previous models and the recruiting
processes of today. An objective study of the quantitative and qualitative aspects of recruiting is necessary to meet the future
needs of the Army, in light of strong possibilities of recruiting resource reduction and increasing mission requirements. Our
research will develop a model with an eye towards recruiting process improvement. Our methodology will build on both the
new and old schools of recruiting by conducting stakeholder interviews that will lead us to a model that is an efficient starting
point for the Recruiter Mission Allocation (RMA) process, will ensure user buy-in, and will seek to fill-in process pitfalls along
the way.
DTIC
Allocations; Qualitative Analysis; Quantitative Analysis
67
THEORETICAL MATHEMATICS
Includes algebra, functional analysis, geometry, topology, set theory, group theory and number theory.
20050001384 Porto Univ., Portugal
Bayesian Network Classifiers Versus K-NN Classifier Using Sequential Feature Selection
Pernkopf, Franz; Bouchaffra, Djamel; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 74; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The aim of this paper is to compare Bayesian network classifiers to the k-NN classifier based on a subset of features. This
subset is established by means of sequential feature selection methods. Experimental results show that Bayesian network
classifiers more often achieve a better classification rate on different data sets as selective k-NN classifiers. The k-NN classifier
performs well in the case where the number of samples for learning the parameters of the Bayesian network is small Bayesian
network classifiers outperform selective k-NN methods in terms of memory requirements and computational demands.
Author
Bayes Theorem; Belief Networks
20050010213 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
An Analysis of the Effect of Quantitative and Qualitative Admissions Factors in Determining Student Performance at
the U.S. Naval Academy
Phillips, Barton L., Author; Sep. 2004; 101 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427695; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This thesis analyzes the effect of quantitative and qualitative factors used in the admissions process at the U.S. Naval
Academy in determining the performance of candidates admitted. In determining student performance, graduation, Order of
Merit (OOM), cumulative academic Quality Point Ratio (QPR), cumulative military QPR, and striper selection are used as
performance outcome measures. The data is from Naval Academy graduation year groups 1995 through 2001. The analysis
separates the Naval Academy’s Whole Person Multiple into quantitative and qualitative inputs. The Candidate Multiple (CM)
is the quantitative input to the admissions process derived from a statistics-based scoring model anchored in proven high
school performance measures such as the SAT and high school GPA. The Recommendations of the Admissions Board (RAB)
are the qualitative input, which awards points for subjective traits not captured in the CM or that are from various other
subjective measures, such as student interviews and essays. This research highlights the properties of the two admissions
factors and their estimated impact on student performance. The results show that student performance increased as CM and
182
RAB increased, revealing the importance of a combined quantitative and qualitative admissions process, and emphasizing
qualitative input as the value added factor that provides an increased predictability of student success. (26 tables, 22 figures,
26 refs.)
DTIC
Prediction Analysis Techniques; Qualitative Analysis; Quantitative Analysis; Students; United States
20050010303 Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI USA
Uncertainties and Relaxation of Boundary Conditions of Aeroelastic Panels
Ibrahim, Raouf A., Author; Nov. 2004; 34 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0229
Report No.(s): AD-A427901; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0561; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The influence of boundary condition relaxation on two-dimensional panel flutter is studied in the presence of in-plane
loading. The boundary value problem of the panel involves time-dependent boundary conditions that are converted into
autonomous form using a special coordinate transformation. Galerkin’s method is used to discretize the panel partial
differential equation into six nonlinear ordinary differential equations representing the first six modes. The influence of
boundary condition relaxation on the panel modal frequencies and limit cycle amplitudes in the time and frequency domains
is examined through the spectrogram of the generalized coordinate for each mode. The relaxation and system nonlinearity are
found to have opposite effects on the time evolution of the panel frequency. Depending on the system damping and dynamic
pressure, the panel frequency content can increase or decrease with time as the boundary conditions approach simple supports.
Bifurcation diagrams are generated by taking the dynamic pressure and relaxation parameters as control parameters. They
reveal different regions of periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic motions. These regions take place only when the in-plane load
exceeds the Euler buckling load. The report includes the related paper ‘Influence of Joint Relaxation on Deterministic and
Stochastic Panel Flutter,’ by R. A. Ibrahim, D. M. Beloiu, and C. L. Pettit. (16 figures, 18 refs.)
DTIC
Aerodynamic Loads; Aeroelasticity; Boundary Conditions; Boundary Value Problems; Flutter; Panel Flutter; Panels
70
PHYSICS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to mechanics, kinetics, magnetism, and electrodynamics. For specific areas of physics see
categories 71 through 77. For related instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photography; for geophysics, astrophysics, or solar
physics see 46 Geophysics, 90 Astrophysics, or 92 Solar Physics.
20050000005 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
Energy Spread Monitoring for the JLAB Experimental Program: Synchrotron Light Interferometers, Optical
Transition Radiation Monitors and Wire Scanners
Chao, Y. C.; Chevtsov, P.; Day, A.; Freyberger, A. P.; Hicks, R.; 2004; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-825063; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
No abstract available
Interferometers; Particle Beams; Radiation Counters
20050000017 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA
QCD Technology: Light-Cone Quantization and Commensurate Scale Relations
Brodsky, S. J.; Sep. 1999; 58 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-12479; SLAC-PUB-8240; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
I discuss several theoretical tools which are useful for analyzing perturbative and non-perturbative problems in quantum
chromodynamics, including (a) the light-cone Fock expansion, (b) the effective charge(alpha)(sub v), (c) conformal symmetry,
and (d) commensurate scale relations. Light-cone Fock-state wavefunctions encode the properties of a hadron in terms of its
fundamental quark and gluon degrees of freedom. Given the proton’s light-cone wavefunctions, one can compute not only the
quark and gluon distributions measured in deep inelastic lepton-proton scattering, but also the multi-parton correlations which
control the distribution of particles in the proton fragmentation region and dynamical higher twist effects.
NTIS
Quantum Chromodynamics; Light-Cone Expansion
183
20050000018 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA
Nonlinear Longitudinal Waves in High Energy Stored Beams
Tzenov, S. I.; Jul. 1999; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-10124; SLAC-PUB-8210; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
We solve the Vlasov equation for the longitudinal distribution function and find stationary wave patterns when the
distribution in the energy error is Maxwellian. In the long wavelength limit a stability criterion for linear waves has been
obtained and a Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation for the relevant hydrodynamic quantities has been derived.
NTIS
Wavelengths; Boltzmann-Vlasov Equation
20050010092 Duquesne Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Pulsed Laser Deposition of Magnetic Multilayers for the Grant Entitled Laser Processing of Advanced Magnetic
Materials
Sorescu, M.; Oct. 11, 2003; 22 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822368; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Nanostructured magnetite/T multilayers, with T = Ni, Co, Cr, have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition. The
thickness of individual magnetite and metal layers takes values in the range of 5 - 40 nm with a total multilayer thickness of
100 -120 nm. X-ray diffraction has been used to study the phase characteristics as a function of thermal treatment up to 550
degrees C. Small amounts of magnetite and hematite were identified together with prevailing magnetite phase after treatments
at different temperatures. The mean grain size of magnetite phase increases with temperature from 12 nm at room temperature
to 54 nm at 550 degrees C. The thermal behavior of magnetite in multilayers in comparison with powder magnetite is
discussed. These findings were published in peer-reviewed conference proceedings after presentation at an international
materials conference.
NTIS
Magnetic Materials; Magnetite; Pulsed Laser Deposition; Powder (Particles); Laminates
20050010169 Rutgers Univ., USA
Recent Results in Search for New Physics at the Tevatron (Run I)
Zhou, J.; Jan. 2004; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-820675; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
We present some new results on searches for new physics at the Tevatron Run 1 (1992 - 1996). The topics covered are
searches for R-Parity violating and conserving mSUGRA, large extra dimensions in di-photon and monojet channels,
leptoquark in jets + E(sub T) channel, and two model independent searches. All results were finalized during the past year.
NTIS
Nuclear Physics; Particle Accelerators; Nuclear Particles; High Energy Interactions
20050010342 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA
An Electromagnetic/Acoustic Propagation Experiment
Banks, H. T., Author; Nov. 2003; 13 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-02-1-0281
Report No.(s): AD-A427995; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0590; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
We proposed experiments to investigate electromagnetic acoustic waves interaction as part of a technology for pulsed
microwave interrogation of materials. The technology involves using reflections of electromagnetic pulses from moving
acoustic wavefronts to detect the presence of and determine composition (dielectric and geometric) of hidden objects.
Applications of interest to DoD involve non-invasive interrogation of tissue, look-down surveillance and camouflage
penetration (e.g., tanks under trees, and subsurface mines and bunkers) and environmental monitoring.
DTIC
Acoustic Propagation; Electromagnetic Wave Transmission
184
72
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Includes atomic and molecular structure, electron properties, and atomic and molecular spectra. For elementary particle physics see 73
Nuclear Physics.
20050000119 BAE Systems, Huntsville, AL, USA, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
A Comparison of Experimental EPMA Data and Monte Carlo Simulations
Carpenter, P. K.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; Workshop on Modeling Electron Transport for Applications in Electron and X-Ray
Analysis and Metrology, 8-10 Nov. 2004, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS8-02096; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
Monte Carlo (MC) modeling shows excellent prospects for simulating electron scattering and x-ray emission from
complex geometries, and can be compared to experimental measurements using electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) and
phi(rho z) correction algorithms. Experimental EPMA measurements made on NIST SRM 481 (AgAu) and 482 (CuAu) alloys,
at a range of accelerating potential and instrument take-off angles, represent a formal microanalysis data set that has been used
to develop phi(rho z) correction algorithms. The accuracy of MC calculations obtained using the NIST, WinCasino, WinXray,
and Penelope MC packages will be evaluated relative to these experimental data. There is additional information contained
in the extended abstract.
Author
Monte Carlo Method; Electron Scattering; Algorithms; Microanalysis; Copper Alloys
20050009889 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Neutron Diffraction Studies of the Atomic Vibrations of Bulk and Surface Atoms of Nanocrystalline SiC
Stelmakh, S.; Grzanka, E.; Zhao, Y.; Palosz, W.; Palosz, B.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS8-02096; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Thermal atomic motions of nanocrystalline Sic were characterized by two temperature atomic factors B(sub core), and
B(sub shell). With the use of wide angle neutron diffraction data it was shown that at the diffraction vector above 15A(exp
-1) the Wilson plots gives directly the temperature factor of the grain interior (B(sub core)). At lower Q values the slope of
the Wilson plot provides information on the relative amplitudes of vibrations of the core and shell atoms.
Author
Atoms; Neutron Diffraction; Temperature Dependence
20050010203 California Univ., Irvine, CA USA
Basic Studies of Nonlinear Optical Materials for Eye and Sensor Protection
Rentzepis, M., Author; Dvornikov, A., Author; Mar. 2004; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0427
Report No.(s): AD-A427586; ARO-40133.3-CH; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
We have studied the spectroscopy, kinetics and non-linear characteristics of conjugated organic dyes by means of a new
femtosecond transient spectroscopy system that allows us to study delta A values as small as 0.003. We were able to measure
accurately absorption spectra, kinetics and cross-sections of all states, transients and intermediate. These data prove that our
materials have the best known RSA characteristics. All the molecules studied were found to have very strong and broad band
reversed saturable absorption that collectively covers the optical spectrum relevant to optical limiters. We initiated studies
using several molecules dispersed in a polymer matrix and find that as expected they cover the entire visible spectrum. Kinetic
studies show that the RSA rate of formation is in the picosecond range and an intense transient absorption band is formed
within the excitation pulse (r = 1.6 ps), and decays with a rate of -10 (10) s. We believe that such very highly absorbing and
fast forming intermediate states will provide needed soldier and sensor protection. We were not able to proceed further with
the practical devices we were fabricating because of the termination of this project.
DTIC
Eye Protection; Nonlinearity; Optical Materials; Protection
20050010292 Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames, IA USA
Development of Methods for the Real-Time and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using
Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye
Petrich, Jacob W., Author; Jul. 2004; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0460
Report No.(s): AD-A427875; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
185
Fluorescence spectra of scrapie-infected sheep eyes have been compared with those of healthy cow eyes. All of the eye
parts have been investigated in detail and assessed for their ability to determine whether they provide a probe of TSE infection.
DTIC
Animals; Detection; Eye (Anatomy); Fluorescence; Real Time Operation; Spectroscopy
20050010371 Canterbury Univ., Christchurch, New Zealand
Two Dimensional Multiwavelength Fluorescence Spectra of Dipicolinic Acid and Calcium Dipicolinate
Sarasanandarajah, Sivananthan, Author; Kunnil, Joseph, Author; Bronk, Burt V., Author; Reinisch, Lou, Author; Bronk, Burt
V., Author; Sep. 2004; 12 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-1710
Report No.(s): AD-A428113; AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2004-0140; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Dipicolinic acid (DPA) and the Ca2+ complex of DPA (CaDPA) are major chemical components of bacterial spores. With
fluorescence being considered for the detection and identification of spores, it is important to understand the optical properties
of the major components of the spores. In this paper we report in some detail on the room temperature fluorescence excitation
and emission spectra of DPA and its calcium ion complex and comparison of the excitation-emission spectrum in a dry, wet
paste and aqueous form. DPA solutions have very weak, if any, fluorescence and it is only slightly greater in the dry state. After
the exposure to a broad source UV light of the DPA, wet or dry, we observe a large increase in fluorescence with a maximum
intensity emission peak at around 440 mn for excitation light with wavelength around 360 nm. There is a slight blue shift in
the absorption spectra of UV exposed DPA from the unexposed DPA solution. CaDPA in solution and dried show very slight
fluorescence and a substantial increase of fluorescence was observed after UV exposure with emission peak around 410 nm.
for excitation around 305 nm. The detailed excitation-emission spectra presented here are necessary for better interpretation
of the fluorescence spectra of bacterial spores where DPA is a major chemical component.
DTIC
Calcium; Chemical Composition; Fluorescence
74
OPTICS
Includes light phenomena and the theory of optical devices; for specific optical devices see also 35 Instrumentation and Photography.
For lasers see 36 Lasers and Masers.
20050010136 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA, USA, Forest Service, Seattle, WA, USA
Precision Forestry. Proceedings of the First International Precision Forestry Cooperative Symposium held in Seattle,
Washington on June 17-20, 2001
Jun. 2001; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101729; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
No abstract available
Forest Management; Forests
20050010357 California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA USA
Multi-Spectral Optical Techniques for Communication and Computation
Blumenthal, Daniel J., Author; Oct. 2004; 15 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-99-1-0324; Proj-3484
Report No.(s): AD-A428075; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0589; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In this research project the team studied unique gain and signal processing capabilities of semiconductor optical amplifiers
(SOAs). The main areas studied over the 5 years of this award were: 1. Small signal processing using SOAs; 2. Large signal
pulse shaping using SOAs; and 3. Optical signal processing and filtering using slow optical waveguides based on
electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In this PECASE sponsored research they investigated the potential for
compound semiconductor optical amplifiers (indium Phosphide) to serve as signal processing elements for various
applications. Moving to the future, there is an opportunity to develop new materials and device structures that optimize the
desired performance for small and large signal processing in SOAs. For large signal there is a need to develop InP amplifier
structures that have ultrafast carrier recovery response time so that data rates out to l60Gbps and beyond can be supported.
The field of EIT in compound semiconductors is so new, that this probably represents the biggest opportunity but is also the
largest risk. Finding the correct compound semiconductor system that at room temperature can yield increases in refractive
186
index by factors of 10, 100 and 1000 greater than possible today has the potential to shrink photonic circuits to nanometer
dimensions as well as ultra high scale density integration.
DTIC
Computation; Optical Communication; Optical Filters; Semiconductor Devices; Signal Processing
75
PLASMA PHYSICS
Includes magnetohydrodynamics and plasma fusion. For ionospheric plasmas see 46 Geophysics. For space plasmas see 90
Astrophysics.
20050010121 Princeton Univ., NJ
Stability of Microturbulent Drift Modes during Internal Transport Barrier Formation in the Alcator C-Mod Radio
Frequency Heated H-mode
Redi, M. H.; Fiore, C. L.; Dorland, W.; Mikkelsen, D. R.; Rewoldt, G.; Nov. 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-820200; PPPL-3903; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Recent H-mode experiments on Alcator C-Mod (I. H. Hutchinson, et al., Phys. Plas. 1, 1511 (1994)) which exhibit an
internal transport barrier (ITB), have been examined with flux tube geometry gyrokinetic simulations, using the massively
parallel code GS2 (M. Kotschenreuther, G. Rewoldt, and W. M. Tang, Comput. Phys. Commun. 88, 128 (1995)). The
simulations support the picture of ion/electron temperature gradient (ITG/ETG) microturbulence driving high xi/xe and that
suppressed ITG causes reduced particle transport and improved xi on C-Mod. Nonlinear calculations for C-Mod confirm initial
linear simulations, which predicted ITG stability in the barrier region just before ITB formation, without invoking E x B shear
suppression of turbulence. Nonlinear fluxes are compared to experiment, which both show low heat transport in the ITB and
higher transport within and outside of the barrier region.
NTIS
Plasma Turbulence; Magnetohydrodynamic Stability
20050010161 General Atomics Co., San Diego, CA
DIII-D Research Operations Annual Report to the U.S. Department of Energy. October 1, 2001 through September 30,
2002
Evans, T. E.; Dec. 2003; 76 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-821577; GA-A24319; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The mission of the DIII-D research program is: ‘To establish the scientific basis for the optimization of the tokamak
approach to fusion energy production.’ The program is focused on developing the ultimate potential of the tokamak by
building a better fundamental understanding of the physics of plasma confinement, stability, current drive and heating in high
performance discharges while utilizing new scientific discoveries and improvements in their knowledge of these basic areas
to create more efficient control systems, improved plasma diagnostics and to identify new types of enhanced operating regimes
with improved stability properties. In recent years, this development path has culminated in the advanced tokamak (AT)
approach. An approach that has shown substantial promise for improving both the fusion yield and the energy density of a
burning plasma device. While the challenges of increasing AT plasma performance levels with greater stability for longer
durations are significant, the DIII-D program has an established plan that brings together both the critical resources and the
expertise needed to meet these challenges. The DIII-D research staff is comprised of about 300 individuals representing 60
institutions with many years of integrated research experience in tokamak physics, engineering and technology. The DIII-D
tokamak is one of the most productive, flexible and best diagnosed magnetic fusion research devices in the world. It has
significantly more flexibility than most tokamaks and continues to pioneer the development of sophisticated new plasma
feedback control tools that enable the explorations of new frontiers in fusion science and engineering.
NTIS
Combustion; Plasma Control; Flux Density
20050010245 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA
On Plasma Sheath Resonant Energy Absorption in Collisionless Plasmas
Walker, David N., Author; Amatucci, William E., Author; Fernsler, Richard F., Author; Blackwell, David D., Author; Messert,
Sarah J., Author; Oct. 2004; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A427790; NRL/MR/6755-04-8822; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
187
We have performed experiments designed to investigate the radiation characteristics of a spherical capacitive probe in a
plasma environment in the large Space Physics Simulation Chamber at the Naval Research Laboratory. In the process we are
able to approximate plasma density and electron neutral collision frequency in simulated space plasma environments
consistent with earlier experimental efforts using plasma impedance probes. By using only the S(sub 11)-parameter outputs
of a network analyzer, or the reflection coefficients, we are able to unfold both these quantities with measured data sets. In
addition, we observe significant energy absorption at frequencies much less than the plasma frequency which we associate
with a sheath-plasma resonance. This report is an exposition of this method along with data results and a comparison to theory.
DTIC
Collisionless Plasmas; Energy Absorption; Plasma Sheaths
76
SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
Includes condensed matter physics, crystallography, and superconductivity. For related information see also 33 Electronics and
Electrical Engineering; and 36 Lasers and Masers.
20050000110 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
The Nucleation and Growth of Protein Crystals
Pusey, Marc; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; Fall Seminar Series, 4-6 Nov. 2004, Toledo, OH, USA; No Copyright; Avail: Other
Sources; Abstract Only
Obtaining crystals of suitable size and high quality continues to be a major bottleneck in macromolecular crystallography.
Currently, structural genomics efforts are achieving on average about a 10% success rate in going from purified protein to a
deposited crystal structure. Growth of crystals in microgravity was proposed as a means of overcoming size and quality
problems, which subsequently led to a major NASA effort in microgravity crystal growth, with the agency also funding
research into understanding the process. Studies of the macromolecule crystal nucleation and growth process were carried out
in a number of labs in an effort to understand what affected the resultant crystal quality on Earth, and how microgravity
improved the process. Based upon experimental evidence, as well as simple starting assumptions, we have proposed that
crystal nucleation occurs by a series of discrete self assembly steps, which ‘set’ the underlying crystal symmetry. This talk will
review the model developed, and its origins, in our laboratory for how crystals nucleate and grow, and will then present, along
with preliminary data, how we propose to use this model to improve the success rate for obtaining crystals from a given
protein.
Author
Nucleation; Protein Crystal Growth
20050009894 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Detached Growth of Germanium by Directional Solidification
Palosz, W.; Volz, M. P.; Cobb, S.; Motakef, S.; Szofran, F. R.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS8-02096; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The conditions of detached solidification under controlled pressure differential across the meniscus were investigated.
Uncoated and graphite- or BN-coated silica and pBN crucibles were used. Detached and partly detached growth was achieved
in pBN and BN-coated crucibles, respectively. The results of the experiments are discussed based on the theory of Duffar et
al.
Author
Solidification; Crystal Growth; Directional Solidification (Crystals); Germanium
77
PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
Includes quantum mechanics; theoretical physics; and statistical mechanics. For related information see also 72 Atomic and Molecular
Physics, 73 Nuclear Physics, and 25 Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry.
20050010289 California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA USA
Order Lattices of Quantum Dots
Speck, James S., Author; Petroff, Pierre M., Author; Nov. 2004; 83 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0311
Report No.(s): AD-A427868; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-04-0574; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy
188
This program has been focused on the development of the enabling tools for future generation optoelectronic devices. We
have focused on two main areas: (i) controlled position of quantum dots - primarily in the InAs/GaAs system and (ii)
development of group III-nitride quantum dots - primarily in the GaN/AIN system.
DTIC
Electro-Optics; Quantum Dots
80
SOCIAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to sociology; educational programs and curricula. For specific topics in these areas see
categories 81 through 85.
20050001294 Porto Univ., Portugal
Majority Voting In Stable Marriage Problem With Couples
Veskioja, Tarmo; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 80; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Providing centralised matching services can be viewed as a group decision support system (GDSS) for the participants
to reach a stable matching solution. In the original stable marriage problem all the participants have to rank all members of
the opposite party. Two variations for this problem allow for incomplete preference lists and ties in preferences. If members
from one side are allowed to form couples and submit combined preferences, then the set of stable matchings may be empty.
In that case it is necessary to use majority voting between matchings in a tournament. We propose a majority voting
tournament method based on monotone systems and a value function for it. The proposed algorithm should minimize
transitivity faults in tournament ranking.
Author
Couples; Decision Support Systems; Voting
20050001361 Porto Univ., Portugal
Outlier Detection And Visualisation
Boudjeloud, Lydia; Poulet, Francois; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 80; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The outlier detection problem has important applications in the field of fraud detection, network robustness analysis, and
intrusion detection. Most such applications are high dimensional domains in which the data can contain hundreds of
dimensions. However, in high dimensional space, the data is sparse and the notion of proximity fails to retain its
meaningfulness. Many recent algorithms use heuristics such as genetic algorithms, the taboo search.., in order to palliate these
difficulties in high dimensional data. We present in this paper a new hybrid algorithm for outlier detection in high dimensional
data. We evaluate the performances of the new algorithm on different high dimensional data sets, and visualise results for some
data sets.
Author
Detection; Outliers (Statistics); Warning Systems
20050001363 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Distributed Transient Inter-Production Scheduling For Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Yim, Pascal; Belkahla, Olfa; Ghedira, Khaled; Korbaa, Ouajdi; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support
Systems; [2004], pp. 52; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper deals with the problem of cyclic scheduling for Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) and presents a new
Multi- Agent Model, composed of cooperating agents, for computing the Transient states between successive cyclic
productions (called transient inter-productions). It aims to minimize the global makespan while reducing temporal complexity.
The originality of the model relies on the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques, Multi- Agent Systems and Production
management. Indeed, the planning phase allows, in the cyclic context, to determine the cyclic productions to respect the initial
demand. These cyclic productions have to be sequenced each one in relation to the others. Once this operation done, the
transient state allowing going from a cyclic state to the following one has to be determined and optimized.
Author
Manufacturing; Scheduling; Distributed Processing; Production Management
189
20050009983 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Case Study on Social Network in a Computer Game
Vassileva, Julita; Sharifi, Golha; Cao, Yang; Upadrashta, Yamini; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing;
[2004], pp. 133; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
When designing a distributed system where a certain level of cooperation among real people is important, for example
CSCW systems, systems supporting workflow processes and peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, it is important to study the evolution
of relationships among the users. People develop attitudes to other people and reciprocate the attitudes of other people when
they able to observe them. We are interested to find out how the design of the environment, specifically the feedback
mechanisms and the visualization may influence this process. For this purpose we designed a web-based multi-player
computer game, which requires the players to represent explicitly their attitudes to other players and allows studying the
evolution of interpersonal relationships in a group of players. Two versions of the game deploying different visualization
techniques were compared with respect to the dynamics of attitude change and type of reactions. The results show that there
are strong individual differences in the way people react to success and failure and how they attribute blame and change their
attitude to other people involved in the situation. Also the level and way of visualizing the other players’ attitude influences
significantly the dynamics of attitude change.
Author
Human Behavior; Human Relations; Games; Personality
81
ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT
Includes management planning and research.
20050001287 Porto Univ., Portugal
Automated Product Recommendation By Employing Case-Based Reasoning Agents
Alhaji, Reda; Baykal, Ozgur; Polat, Faruk; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 59-60; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper proposes a cooperation framework for multiple role-based case-based reasoning (CBR) agents to handle the
product recommendation problem for e-commerce applications. Each agent has different case structure with intersecting
features and agents exploit all information related to the problem by cooperation, which is accomplished through the merge
of distributed cases in order to form cases having better representation of the problem. The presented merge algorithm handles
noisy distributed cases by negotiation on the difference values of the intersecting features. The role-based CBR agents merge
the distributed cases by introducing a global heuristic function, which is used to evaluate the relevance of merged cases. The
heuristic function exploits the relevancy of each merged case within the viewpoint of each agent and the satisfied/unsatisfied
problem constraints. The viewpoint of an agent is represented by the value of consistency of distributed components of merged
cases and agent’s individual relevance values of the merged cases. Finally, the proposed framework has been tested for elective
course recommendation.
Author
Electronic Commerce; Heuristic Methods; Market Research
20050001301 Porto Univ., Portugal
Order Planning Decision Support System for Customer Driven Manufacturing: Overview of Main System Requirements
Azevedo, Americo; Proenca, Henrique; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 78; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
An important goal in schedule production orders through a manufacturing facility is to assure that the work is completed
as close as possible to its due date. Work that is late creates downstream delays, while early completion can be detrimental
if storage space is limited. Production planning and control manufacturing is becoming more difficult as family products
increase and quantity decreases. This paper presents an ongoing information system development that aims the production
planning o special test tables equipment for automobile components manufacturers. The simulated based information system
will be used to support planning and schedule activities; to compare and analyze the impact of planning rescheduling; to
forecast the production completion date; to detect: bottlenecks and to evaluate machines performance.
Author
Decision Support Systems; Manufacturing; General Overviews; Systems Engineering; Production Planning
190
20050001308 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Agent-Based Knowledge Management Model For Enabling a Statistical Testing Approach To Decision Support
e-Commerce
Al-Shrouf, Faiz; James, Walter; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 48; In English;
See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper integrates decision support e-commerce applications, and the knowledge management domain with software
agent technology. First, we give a brief overview of decision support systems. Then we present our terminology for the
decision support e-commerce model and its components that utilize e-commerce application, agent-based knowledge
management components, and a statistical testing model. We give a scenario for a multi-bidding e-commerce application and
formulate a statistical testing model (Likelihood ratio test) based on a bivariate normal distribution. The aforementioned test
model uses the power function to simulate results using four main agents namely an Information searching agent, a computing
agent, a knowledge agent, and a decision support agent.
Author
Decision Support Systems; Electronic Commerce; Information Retrieval; Statistical Analysis
20050001318 Porto Univ., Portugal
Knowledge Management and Its Application to Improve Workflow
Dang, Tung; Frankovic, Baltazar; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 66-67; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper deals with one of many problems associated with building and developing a platform, based on the multi-agent
technology for assisting office employees in their organization, and that is a problem of classification and identification of the
right contacts. In order to assist newly arrived employees, agents search of the contacts used by previous employees and
extract the one that is most appropriate for assisting the current activity. This paper presents methods for classification and
selection of contacts based on the CBR technique and the forward search principle. The process of searching contacts is guided
by user’s personal criteria. At the end, this paper discusses some possible techniques to solve user’s requirements, which
cannot be achieved by using traditional search methods.
Author
Information Management; User Requirements
20050001319 Porto Univ., Portugal
Strategic DMSS for E-Business Planning
Ha, Lidan; Forgionne, Guisseppi; Wang, Fen; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 45; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Strategic business planning is a critical decision problem determining the long-term survival and prosperity of companies
especially in this E-era. The complex planning process can be facilitated through management science, economics, statistics,
and other technological tools. However, managers are rarely aware of these tools, are not proficient in their use, or are
incapable of acquiring the proficiency. Through theoretical exploration in previous phases of an ongoing project, we believed
that such proficiency can be delivered through decision making support systems. The current study aims to develop and
implement such a DMSS to deliver the specified e-business planning model and statistical methodologies, which can provide
integrated and intelligent support for decision makers during the entire decision making process. A SAS-based approach was
selected as the desired system development and implementation environment. It is the first time that theoretical implications
from management science, marketing strategies and economic rules have been integrated in a strategic DMSS and
implemented in a field setting.
Author
Decision Making; Decision Support Systems; Commerce
20050001335 Porto Univ., Portugal
Multi-Agent Propositions To Manage Organizational Knowledge: Position Paper Concerning a Three-Dimensional
Research Project
Guimaraes, Francisco; Rosa, Cesar; Louca, Jorge; Meneses, Valmir; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support
Systems; [2004], pp. 81; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper presents the work in progress in a three-dimensional project, including the theoretical foundations and main
goals of the lines of research incorporating our project: user modeling in a distributed cooperative system, interactive
191
cooperation in a multi-agent structure, and knowledge representation in a cognitive agent architecture. These lines of research
are complementary and share a main goal, to make propositions regarding the use of multi-agent systems in organizations,
namely in what concerns support to decision making processes and, in a general way, knowledge management within
organizations.
Author
Decision Making; Three Dimensional Models; Numerical Analysis
20050001339 Porto Univ., Portugal
Quality Control Using Fuzzy Rule Based Classification Systems
Ujjwal, Kumar; Sahu, Rajendra; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 69; In English;
See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In recent years, Total Quality Management (TQM) has captured the worldwide attention and is being adopted in many
organization both profit and non-profit. The aim of this paper is to generate those rules from the existing data that affect the
quality of the product and use the generated rules to construct a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) which can be used for product
classification under the categories of Good, Average and Poor. The rules will incorporate all the important attributes that affect
a particular product. This paper uses the concept of Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) which are widely used for process
simulation or control. They can be designed either from expert knowledge or from data. For complex systems, FIS based on
expert knowledge only may suffer from a loss of accuracy. This is the main incentive for using fuzzy rules inferred from data.
In the synthesis of a fuzzy system from data two steps are generally employed: automatic rule generation and system
optimization. This paper analyzes the grid partitioning approach of extracting rules from data and then it focuses on how the
rules can be optimized and how the developed rules can be used for product classification on the basis of their quality.
Author
Fuzzy Systems; Classifications; Complex Systems; Total Quality Management
20050010021 Porto Univ., Portugal
Financial Reporting: An Internet Clearinghouse
Stavrovsky, Boris; Gottlieb, Max; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 134; In English; See
also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The creation of accounting transactions has changed from a manual to computerized recording. In many operational
applications the accounting entries are generated as a byproduct of the underlying transactions (such as sales), thus making
it possible to shorten the existing delays in creation of accounting data. Under this method it is possible to issue financial
statements monthly or weekly, as opposed to the presently used quarterly and annual periods. Many corporations already
generate such financial reports for their internal use, but not for external purposes. Corporations provide the Security and
Exchange Commission (SEC) with more detailed and supplemental information in addition to the financial reporting,
including sales of their stocks by their officers. Corporations also disclose substantial facts in their press releases and
conferences with financial analysts. They are obligated to disclose this information to their shareholders. But how to do it
quickly in a way that small investor could obtain this information at the same time as the institutional investors? It would be
advisable to distribute financial reports via an electronic clearinghouse. This method would permit an instant access to the
reports and assure that these documents can not be modified. In the following paragraphs we will review the existing reporting
frequency contrasting them with the needs of investors, and describe the generation of accounting transactions. Next the
proposed method of collection and distribution of financial reports as well as their possible analyses by a central electronic
clearing house will be discussed, Finally, we will explore the need for changes of the attestation standards, describe how to
assure the integrity of distributed electronically financial statements, and the proposed sequence of implementation of the new
distribution.
Author
Internets; Finance
20050010024 Porto Univ., Portugal
Teambroker: Constraint Based Brokerage of Virtual Teams
Karduck, Achim; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 136; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Some consulting projects are carried out in virtual teams, which are networks of people sharing a common purpose and
working across organizational and temporal boundaries by using information technologies. Multiple investigations covering
192
these teams focus on coordination, group communication and computer supported collaborative work. However, additional
perspectives like the formation of teams are also important. Here one should deal with the question ‘how to form the best
team’. To approach this question, we have defined team formation as the process of finding the right expert for a given task
and allocating the set of experts that best fulfills team requirements. This has been further transformed into a problem of
constraint based optimal resource allocation. Our environment for computer supported team formation has been developed by
adopting the brokerage view consisting in mediating experts between peers requesting a team and the ones willing to
participate in a team. Computer supported brokerage of experts has been realized as a distributed problem solving involving
entities representing experts, brokers and team initiators.
Author
Resource Allocation; Teams; Personnel Selection; Human Resources; Optimization
20050010028 Porto Univ., Portugal
E-Enterprise: Awareness and Implementation of Transparent Factory in South East Asia
Darussman, Abu Hassan; Ramasamy, Gobbi; Anthony, Josia; Chua, Seng Hoong; Manimaran, B.; ICEIS 2004: Software
Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 130; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The needs for flexible manufacturing due to demand, supply, product, process, workforce, and equipment variability
forces companies to transform their current manufacturing system into more lean production system or Big just in time (JIT).
Three strategies, which denoted as M3A, Management Automation, Marketing Automation and Manufacturing Automation
have to be jointly incorporated to confront the more competitive market. In addition, to answer to these needs, transparent
factory, which is an open automation framework, based on internet technologies that provide seamless communication
between plant floor and business system has been introduced by Schneider Electric. Despite the good work and technology
introduced, the acceptance is only significant in USA, Europe and Africa. Hence, this paper is to look into the awareness of
the transparent factory in South East Asia (SEA) in particular. Some important figures will be presented to appreciate the
alertness level in this part of the world. A particular reference to oil & gas plant in Indonesia, which had the system
implemented recently, and a waste treatment plant in Malaysia will be highlighted in this paper.
Author
Industrial Plants; Industrial Management; Automation; Internets
20050019319 NASA, Washington, DC, USA
ASK Magazine, No. 20
Laufer, Alexander, Editor; Simmons, Jessica, Editor; November 2004; 47 pp.; In English; See also 20050019320 20050019328
Report No.(s): NASA/NP-2004-11-384-HQ; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
In this issue, ASK writers explore ways to maintain their balance in their field of Project Management, and even what
happens when they don’t. From his own experiences. Colby Africa learned that pushing too hard can take a personal toll, even
though his project was a success in the end. He looked back and asked himself. At what personal cost? Sometimes one of the
most simple - and the most human way - of keeping oneself grounded is not to lose your sense of humor. Ray Morgan’s story
about a test flight gone bad tells how the sound of their model crashing to the ground was followed by the test team’s hysterical
laughter. The story, you will see, is much deeper. But the message in the example? Sometimes for no fault of our own. things
just don t go as planned. One way of dealing with it is to be able to laugh at ourselves. Of course. a setback itself is not to
be taken lightly, but a leader capable of lightening the moment is more likely to set a positive tone for the try, try again. Staying
optimistic is important for team morale. specifically when a project is dealt a huge downsizing blow. After his project was cut
significantly, Tom Sutliff was able to show his team that all was not lost and to help them focus on the fact that they still had
a job to do. He had to balance the new project requirements with the fact that his team had been committed to the original
prcject and would be personally affected. He stood back, got a new perspective. and upheld the positivity needed to lead them
effectively. Even when you keep your chin up and work to the best of your ability, things still go wrong. It’s human nature.
People train for years to make it to the Olympics and blow their shot during one crucial second in the spotlight. For Marty
Davis, his crucial second was when the contractor dropped his 3,000 pound spacecraft. Rather than point the finger at those
around him. Marty stood up like a true leader and acknowledged what he could do better if ever in this situation again.
Author (revised)
NASA Programs; Project Management; Management Methods
193
20050019320 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
A Glass Can Be Half Full: Even in Microgravity
Sutliff, Thomas; ASK Magazine, No. 20; November 2004, pp. 6-9; In English; See also 20050019319; No Copyright; Avail:
CASI; A01, Hardcopy
When conducting physical science research in space, the smallest vibration or disturbance can disrupt sensitive
experiments. Back in the 1990s we developed an instrument, the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) that flew
on the shuttle to monitor the vibration environment - but it wasn’t very flexible. It could only measure vibrations for three users
and only at fixed frequency ranges, and it had to be disassembled after each two-week mission to be readied for reuse. Then
the International Space Station came along. Our researchers needed a second-generation system, the SAMS-II, which would
measure acceleration and vibrations for multiple payloads conducting experiments throughout the life of the station.
Measurement requirements were all over the map with a variety of frequencies that needed measuring over a broad dynamic
range, so it was essential to develop a robust system that would be flexible enough to accommodate all the particular users.
We came up with a concept using the Space Station’s Ethernet as the means to talk between multiple remote triaxial sensor
systems and a remote controller box. Ultimately, our job was to acquire data within the existing constraints of the station and
to quickly and effectively get that information to the scientists. In 1994 we had a $2.1-million budget and a four-year
development schedule aimed at achieving these goals. Technical risks were few and primarily resulted from uncertainty of ISS
capabilities. At that point, we didn’t worry about a thing programmatically; our cup runneth over.
Author
Project Management; Spaceborne Experiments; Vibration Measurement
20050019321 Robbins-Gioia, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
Warning: Projects May Be Closer than They Appear
Africa, Colby; ASK Magazine, No. 20; November 2004, pp. 14-17; In English; See also 20050019319; No Copyright; Avail:
CASI; A01, Hardcopy
I had been working for two years as the technical product manager for a large software company, when their partner
company gave me a call. They needed good software engineers to customize a new version of software, and they thought I
was their guy. They told me what they wanted to do to the software, and they even showed me some prototypes. Their idea
was to take the basic software tool that the large company was producing and make it more accessible to the customer. They
would do this by building in flexibility based on user skill level and organizational maturity. I thought that was a fascinating
approach, and I bought into it in a big way. I decided to leave my job and join up with the smaller company as their director
of software engineering.
Author
Project Management; Software Engineering
20050019322 NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA, USA
A Collaboration on Collaboration
Cobleigh, Brent; ASK Magazine, No. 20; November 2004, pp. 34-38; In English; See also 20050019319; No Copyright;
Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
NASA’s 2003-2004 Leadership Development Program class recognized that effective collaborations are often the key to
achieving mission success. Personal connections and common goals were key elements of their work together and key findings
of their collaboration benchmarking within the agency.
Author
Education; Leadership; Project Management
20050019323 Starsys Research Corp., Boulder, CO, USA
The Morning Meeting
Tibbitts, Scott; ASK Magazine, No. 20; November 2004, pp. 23-25; In English; See also 20050019319; No Copyright; Avail:
CASI; A01, Hardcopy
It was fourteen years ago and I remember it well. It seemed that the right hand didn’t know what the left was doing. It
was crazy. Starsys was only eight people and deadlines were being missed because someone didn’t know what someone else
needed. How could a handful of people be this disconnected? Maybe a daily meeting would help. Little did I know that we
were initiating a process that would last for two decades. The idea was simple: a short, all-hands meeting once a day to
194
maintain the week’s actions item list. Not too tough a challenge with eight folks, but quite a challenge as we grew to a
140-person company.
Author
Project Management; Personnel Management; Management Methods
20050019324 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Managing the Unexpected
Davis, Marty; ASK Magazine, No. 20; November 2004, pp. 10-13; In English; See also 20050019319; No Copyright; Avail:
CASI; A01, Hardcopy
On September 5, 2003, my wife and I left to go on vacation. We planned to spend two weeks wandering around New York
State seeing all the sights. When we left the house, I turned off my cell phone, but kept my pager on - in case anyone needed
to get hold of me. We had a wonderful weekend. Then, bright and early on Monday morning, my pager went off. It was the
Project Manager for one of our spacecraft. She had been trying to reach me on my cell phone since Saturday to tell me that
the day after I left, Lockheed-Martin had dropped one of my spacecraft. You can go through your whole career and never have
someone drop one of your spacecraft. I think that would have been nice. So, one of the first things I did when I got back, was
to inquire whether I could retire retroactively to Friday, so it wouldn’t have been on my watch. They just laughed that off. Then
we got to work. Almost immediately, four investigation teams were formed - two by Lockheed-Martin and two by NASA.
Each was tasked to investigate a different aspect of the accident. These aspects included not only finding out what happened,
but also looking for systemic problems in the program, determining next steps, and assessing liability.
Derived from text
Project Management; Accident Investigation
20050019325 Klein Associates, Inc., Fairborn, OH, USA
ASK Talks with Gary Klein
Klein, Gary; ASK Magazine, No. 20; November 2004, pp. 39-42; In English; See also 20050019319; No Copyright; Avail:
CASI; A01, Hardcopy
Gary Klein, PH.D., is chief scientist of Klein Associates, Inc., a company he founded in 1978 to better understand how
to improve decision making in individuals and teams. The company has 30 employees working on projects for both
government and commercial clients. Dr. Klein is one of the founders of the field of naturalistic decision making. His work on
recognitional decision making has been influential for the design of new systems and interfaces, and for the development of
decision training programs. He has extended his work on decision making to describe problem detection, opinion generation,
sense making, and planning.
Author
Decision Making; Cognition; Human Behavior
20050019326 Proctor and Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH, USA
Cleaning Out the Closet
Cameron, W. Scott; ASK Magazine, No. 20; November 2004, pp. 18-21; In English; See also 20050019319; No Copyright;
Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
I have noted during my career that there is a never ending amount of rules and restrictions forced upon project managers
under the guise of helping them ‘be succesful’ in managing their projects. It appears to be a one-way street, but few (if any)
are removed.
Author
Project Management; Management Methods
20050019327 Morgan Aircraft and Consulting, USA
Putting Patience to the Test
Morgan, Ray; ASK Magazine, No. 20; November 2004, pp. 26-29; In English; See also 20050019319; No Copyright; Avail:
CASI; A01, Hardcopy
A project manager recounts his decisions before and during the aftermath of the crash of a full-size flying model of
Quetzalcoatlus northropi. The unstable pterodactyl crashed without harming anyone, although it caused a local power outage.
195
The manager summarizes lessons learned about flight testing prototypes, including the effects of impatience.
CASI
Project Management; Prototypes; Flight Tests; Aerospace Safety; Decision Making
20050019328 Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., Broomfield, CO, USA
No Launch Before Its Time
Townsend, Bill; ASK Magazine, No. 20; November 2004, pp. 30-33; In English; See also 20050019319; No Copyright; Avail:
CASI; A01, Hardcopy
Aura is an Earth-observing satellite developed to help us study the quality of the air we breathe. It will look at the state
of the ozone and the atmospheric composition in regards to the Earth’s changing climate. I headed to California on July 5,
2004. The plan was that the satellite would launch on the tenth, but we had a few problems getting it off. This was the
fifty-ninth launch of my career, and it was also a little different than most of my previous launches. Most of the time it’s
weather that postpones a launch; there aren’t usually that many technical issues this late in the game. This time. however, we
had several problems, equally split between the launch vehicle and the spacecraft. I remember a member of the crew asking
me, ‘Is this normal?’ And in my experience, it wasn’t.
Author
Project Management; Spacecraft Launching; Prelaunch Problems
82
DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
Includes information management; information storage and retrieval technology; technical writing; graphic arts; and micrography. For
computer program documentation see 61 Computer Programming and Software.
20050000011 Alaska Univ., Fairbanks, AK, USA
Energy Information Clearinghouse
Johnson, R.; Oct. 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-822373; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Alaska has spent billions of dollars on various energy-related activities over the past several decades, with projects
ranging from smaller utilities used to produce heat and power in rural Alaska to huge endeavors relating to exported resources.
To help provide information for end users, utilities, decision makers, and the general public, the Institute of Northern
Engineering at UAF established an Energy Information Clearinghouse accessible through the worldwide web in 2002. This
clearinghouse contains information on energy resources, end use technologies, policies, related environmental issues,
emerging technologies, efficiency, storage, demand side management, and developments in Alaska.
NTIS
Alaska; Information Dissemination
20050001284 Porto Univ., Portugal
Managing Engineering Assets: A Knowledge Based Asset Management Methodology through Information Quality
Haider, Abrar; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 56; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
As manufacturing organizations are becoming technology intensive, asset management is becoming crucial for
profitability and efficiency of the business. Ensuring asset reliability, maintenance and management is profoundly dependent
on knowledge based decision support backed by quality information. Multiplicity of data acquisition systems and techniques,
together with the operation of assets in often unsettled and variable environments, makes it difficult to obtain quality
information that could be used to make informed choices. Asset maintenance and reliability are important activities that can
considerably influence an organisation’s ability to compete. This paper discusses the importance of data and information
quality within asset management by analysing the intricacies of data quality and information flow within asset management
systems and processes; and proposes frameworks for information quality and a model for an information driven, knowledge
based asset management.
Author
Commerce; Information Management; Knowledge Based Systems; Management Information Systems; Organizations;
Manufacturing
196
20050001286 Porto Univ., Portugal
Comprehensible Credit-Scoring Knowledge Visualization Using Decision Tables and Diagrams
Vanthienen, Jan; Mues, Christophe; Baesens, Bart; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 47; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
One of the key decision activities in financial institutions is to assess the credit-worthiness of an applicant for a loan, and
thereupon decide whether or not to grant the loan. Many classification methods have been suggested in the credit-scoring
literature to distinguish good payers from bad payers. Especially neural networks have received a lot of attention. However,
a major drawback is their lack of transparency. While they can achieve a high predictive accuracy rate, the reasoning behind
how they reach their decisions is not readily available, which hinders their acceptance by practitioners. Therefore, we have,
in earlier work, proposed a two-step process to open the neural network black box which involves: (1) extracting rules from
the network; (2) visualizing this rule set using an intuitive graphical representation. In this paper, we will focus on the second
step and further investigate the use of two types of representations: decision tables and diagrams. The former are a well-known
representation originally used as a programming technique. The latter are a generalization of decision trees taking on the form
of a rooted, acyclic digraph instead of a tree, and have mainly been studied and applied by the hardware design community.
We will compare both representations in terms of their ability to compactly represent the decision knowledge extracted from
two real-life credit-scoring data sets.
Author
Classifications; Electronic Equipment; Neural Nets; Predictions; Decision Theory
20050001288 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Efficient Framework For Iterative Time-Series Trend Mining
Barker, Ken; Udechukwu, Ajumobi; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 59; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Trend analysis has applications in several domains including: stock market predictions, environmental trend analysis,
sales analysis, etc. Temporal trend analysis is possible when the source data (either business or scientific) is collected with time
stamps, or with time-related ordering. These time stamps (or orderings) are the core data points for time sequences, as they
constitute time series or temporal data. Trends in these time series, when properly analyzed, lead to an understanding of the
general behavior of the series so it is possible to more thoroughly understand dynamic behaviors found in data. This analysis
provides a foundation for discovering pattern associations within the time series through mining. Furthermore, this foundation
is necessary for the more insightful analysis that can only be achieved by comparing different time series found in the source
data. Previous works on mining temporal trends attempt to efficiently discover patterns by optimizing discovery processes in
a single pass over the data. Recent experience with data mining clearly indicates that the process is inherently iterative, with
no guarantees that the best results are achieved in the first pass. Current iterative proposals introduce expensive re-computation
after tuning the algorithm to address shortcomings discovered in the first heavy weight pass over the data. In fact, the same
heavy weight process is then re-run on the data in the hope that new discoveries will be made on subsequent iterations.
Unfortunately, this heavy weight re-execution and processing of the data is expensive. In this work we present a framework
in which all the frequent trends in the time series are computed in a single pass, thus eliminating expensive re-computations
in subsequent iterations. We also demonstrate that trend associations within the time series or with related time series can be
found.
Author
Data Mining; Time Series Analysis; Trend Analysis; Trends
20050001289 Porto Univ., Portugal
A Hybrid Decision Support Tool
Pintetas, Panayotis; Kotsiantis, Sotiris; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 49; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In decision support systems a classification problem can be easily solved by employing one of several methods such as
different types of artificial neural networks, decision trees, bayesian classifiers, etc. Moreover, it may happen that certain parts
of instances’ space are better predicting by one method than the others. Thus, the decision of which particular method to
choose is a complicated problem. A good alternative to choosing only one method is to create a hybrid forecasting system
incorporating a number of possible solution methods as components (an ensemble of classifiers). For this purpose, we have
implemented a hybrid decision support system that combines a neural net, a decision tree and a bayesian algorithm using a
stacking variant methodology. The presented system can be trained with any data, but in the current implementation is mainly
used by tutors of Hellenic Open University to identify drop-out prone students. However, a comparison with other ensembles
197
using the same classifiers as base learner on several standard benchmark data sets, showed that this tool gives better accuracy
in most cases.
Author
Decision Support Systems; Decision Theory
20050001292 Porto Univ., Portugal
Implementing Knowledge Management Techniques For Security Purposes
Drakopoulos, Iannis; Belsis, Petros; Gritzalis, Stefanos; Skourlas, Christos; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision
Support Systems; [2004], pp. 79; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Due to its rapid growth, Information Systems Security becomes a new era of expertise, related to a vast quantity of
knowledge. Exploiting all this knowledge becomes a difficult task, due to its heterogeneity. Knowledge Management (KM)
on the other hand, becomes an expanding and promising discipline that has drawn considerable attention. In this paper we
deploy our arguments about the benefits of KM techniques and their possible applications to assist security officers in
improving their productivity and effectiveness. To prove this, we exploit possible technological prospects, and we present the
architecture of a prototype developed to implement selected innovating KM components, embedding state-of-the-art
multimedia java-based applications.
Author
Information Systems; Security; Management Methods; Java (Programming Language); Heterogeneity
20050001297 Porto Univ., Portugal
Dynamic Multi-Agent Based Variety Formation And Steering In Mass Customization
Abdelkafi, Nizar; Friedrich, Gerhard; Kreutler, Gerold; Blecker, Thorsten; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision
Support Systems; [2004], pp. 53; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Large product variety in mass customization involves a high internal complexity level inside a company’s operations, as
well as a high external complexity level from a customer’s perspective. To cope with both complexity problems, an
information system based on agent technology is able to be identified as a suitable solution approach. The mass customized
products are assumed to be based on a modular architecture and each module variant is associated with an autonomous rational
agent. Agents have to compete with each other in order to join coalitions representing salable product variants which suit real
customers’ requirements. The negotiation process is based on a market mechanism supported by the target costing concept and
a Dutch auction. Furthermore, in order to integrate the multi-agent system in the existing information system landscape ot the
mass customizer, a technical architecture is proposed and a scenario depicting the main communication steps is specified.
Author
Cost Estimates; Information Systems; Targets; Autonomy
20050001302 Porto Univ., Portugal
Informed K-Means: A Clustering Process Biased by Prior Knowledge
Castilho, Wagner; doPrado, Hercules; Ladeira, Marcelo; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems;
[2004], pp. 75; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) is the process by which unknown and useful knowledge and information are
extracted, by automatic or semi-automatic methods, from large amounts of data. Along the evolution of Information
Technology and the rapid growth in the number and size of databases, the development of methodologies, techniques, and
tools for data mining has become a major concern for researchers, and has led, in turn, to the development of applications in
variety of areas of human activity. About 1997, the processes and techniques associated with cluster analysis had begun to be
researched with increasing intensity by the KDD community. Within the context of a model intended to support decisions
based on cluster analysis, prior knowledge about the data structure and the application domain can be used as important
constraints that lead to better results in the clusters’ configurations. This paper presents an application of cluster analysis in
the area of public safety using a schema that takes into account the burden of prior knowledge acquired from statistical analysis
on the data. Such an information was used as a bias for the k-means algorithm that was applied to identify the dactyloscopic
(fingerprint) profile of criminals in the Brazilian capital, also known as Federal District. These results was then compared with
a similar analysis that disregarded the prior knowledge. It is possible to observe that the analysis using prior knowledge
generated clusters that are more coherent with the expert knowledge.
Author
Data Bases; Data Mining; Information Systems; Statistical Analysis
198
20050001310 Porto Univ., Portugal
Objectminer: A New Approach For Mining Complex Objects
Berlanga, Rafael; Danger, Roxana; Ruiz-Shulcloper, Jose; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems;
[2004], pp. 70; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Since their introduction in 1993, association rules have been successfully applied to the description and summarization
of discovered relations between attributes in a large collection of objects. However, most of the research works in this area
have focused on mining simple objects, usually represented as a set of binary variables. The proposed work presents a
framework for mining complex objects, whose attributes can be of any data type (single and multi-valued). The mining process
is guided by the semantics associated to each object feature, which is stated by users by providing both a comparison criterion
and a similarity function over the object subdescriptions. Experimental results show the usefulness of the proposal.
Author
Data Mining; Data Retrieval; Information Retrieval
20050001311 Porto Univ., Portugal
Consolidated Tree Construction Algorithm: Structurally Steady Trees
Gallego, Olatz Arbelaitz; PerezdelaFuente, Jesus; Rivero, Javier Muguerza; Goikoetxea, Ibai Gurrutxaga; ICEIS 2004:
Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 48; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources
This paper presents a new methodology for building decision trees or classification trees (Consolidated Trees Construction
algorithm) that faces up the problem of unsteadiness appearing in the paradigm when small variations in the training set
happen. As a consequence, the understanding of the made classification is not lost, making this technique different from
techniques such as bagging and boosting where the explanatory feature of the classification disappears. The presented
methodology consists on a new meta-algorithm for building structurally more steady and less complex trees (consolidated
trees), so that they maintain the explaining capacity and they are faster, but, without losing the discriminating capacity. The
meta-algorithm uses C4.5 as base classifier. Besides the meta-algorithm, we propose a measure of the structural diversity used
to analyse the stability of the Structural component. This measure gives an estimation of the heterogeneity in a set of trees
from the structural point of view. The obtained results have been compared with the ones get with C4.5 in some UCI
Repository databases and a real application of customer fidelisation from a company of electrical appliances.
Author
Algorithms; Classifications; Decision Theory
20050001325 Porto Univ., Portugal
Multi-Agent Approach Based on Tabu Search for the Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem
Ennigrou, Meriem; Ghedira, Khaled; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 54; In
English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper proposes a Multi-agent approach based on a tabu search method for solving the flexible Job Shop scheduling
problem. The characteristic of the latter problem is that one or several machines can process one operation so that its
processing time depends on the machine used. Such a generalization of the classical problem makes it more and more difficult
to solve. The objective is to minimize the makespan or the total duration of the schedule. The proposed model is composed
of three classes of agents: Job agents and Resource agents which are responsible for the satisfaction of the constraints under
their jurisdiction, and an Interface agent containing the tabu search core. Different experimentations have been performed on
different benchmarks and results have been presented.
Author
Relativistic Effects; Schedules; Scheduling; Tasks
20050001332 Porto Univ., Portugal
Ontology-Based Framework For Document Indexing
Amghar, Youssef; Bahloul, D.; Maret, P.; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004],
pp. 51-52; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The work presented in this paper addresses a project for the Computer Center CIRITL1. This company wants to save and
capitalize its knowledge and its know-how concerning the production activities in the particular, the technical hitches relating
to software applications encountered during the exploitation of these applications. Indeed with a well accessing documents
base actors will be able to better solve problems. Our purpose is to focus on ontology-based framework for indexing relevant
199
documents. The domain ontology (OntoCIRTIL) has a structure which supports a semantic model based on semantic links and
inference mechanisms. In this paper, we present a new model called S3 which, permits to model knowledge in upstream and
index documents (or formalized knowledge) in downstream. To illustrate partial results, this model is then applied to
OntoCIRTIL.
Author
Indexing (Information Science); Information Resources Management
20050001336 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Adaptable Time-Delay Neural Network For Predict The Spanish Economic Indebtedness
Conteras, Waldo Fajardo; Cuellar, Manuel Pagalar; Jimenez, M. Carmen Pegalajar; Ruiz, M. Angustias Navarro; Perez,
Ramon Perez; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 67; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In this paper, we study and predict the indebtedness economic for the autonomic of Spain. In turn, we use model of neural
network. In this study, we assess the feasibility of the Time-Delay neural network as an alternative to these classical
forecasting models. This neural network permits accumulate more values of pass and to predict best the future. We show the
assignment MSE to check the good forecasting of indebtedness economic.
Author
Forecasting; Neural Nets; Time Lag
20050001338 Porto Univ., Portugal
Development Of Expert System For Detecting Incipient Faults In Transformer By Using Dissolved Gas Analysis
Dhote, Nitin Keshao; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 68; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Power transformer is a vital component of power system, which has no substitute for its major role. They are quite
expensive also. It is therefore, very important to closely monitor it’s in-service behavior to avoid costly outages and loss of
production. Many devices have evolved to monitor the serviceability of power transformers. These devices such as Buchholz
relay or differential relay respond only to a severe power failure requiring immediate removal of transformer from service, in
which case, outages are inevitable. Thus, preventive techniques for early detection of faults to avoid outages would be
valuable. A prototype of an expert system based on Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) technique for diagnosis of suspected
transformers faults and their maintenance action are developed. The synthetic method is proposed to assist the popular gas
ratio methods. This expert system is implemented into PC by using ‘Turbo Prolog’ with rule based knowledge representations.
The designed expert system has been tested for N.T.P.C., Talcher (India) transformer’s gas ratio records to show its
effectiveness in transformer diagnosis.
Author
Detection; Expert Systems; Gas Analysis; Transformers
20050001349 Porto Univ., Portugal
Data Mining: Pattern Mining As A Clique Extracting Task
Lind, Grete; Kuusik, Rein; Voehandu, Leo; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 62;
In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
One of the important tasks in solving data mining problems is finding frequent patterns in a given dataset. It allows to
handle several tasks such as pattern mining, discovering association rules, clustering etc. There are several algorithms to solve
this problem. In this paper we describe our task and results: a method for reordering a data matrix to give it a more informative
form, problems of large datasets, (frequent) pattern finding task. Finally we show how to treat a data matrix as a graph, a
pattern as a clique and pattern mining process as a clique extracting task. We present also a fast diclique extracting algorithm
for pattern mining.
Author
Data Mining; Patterns; Data Retrieval; Information Retrieval
20050001355 Porto Univ., Portugal
The ORM Model As a Knowledge Representation For E-Tutorial Systems
Leelawattanon, Tanaporn; Chittayasothorn, Suphamit; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems;
[2004], pp. 79; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
200
At present information technology plays important roles in teaching and learning activities. E-learning systems have the
potential to reduce operating costs and train more people. Teachers and students do not have to be in the same place at the
same time and the students have the opportunity to perform self-studies and self-evaluation using e-tutorial systems.
E-learning systems could be considered expert systems in the sense that they provide expert advice in particular subjects of
studies to students. The exploitation of knowledge base and knowledge representation techniques is therefore vital to the
development of e-learning systems. This paper presents the development of a knowledge-based e-tutorial system that uses the
Object Role Model (ORM) as its knowledge representation. The system provides Physics tutorials. It was implemented in
Prolog and the knowledge base is or’, a relational database server.
Author
Knowledge Based Systems; Information Systems; Education; Expert Systems
20050001362 Porto Univ., Portugal
Cognitive Reasoning In Intelligent Medical Information Systems
Ogiela, Marek; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 49; In English; See also
20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This paper presents new approach for cognitive reasoning in the field of artificial intelligence, used in medical information
systems. These systems are applied in various tasks supporting decisions taken in the wide area of Medical Imaging. Such
systems, in particular Decision Support Systems can be based on the methods of perceptual cognitive analysis of visual
medical data and are directed at offering possibilities of automatic interpretation and semantic understanding of this type of
data. The paper shall present a general application method of DSS in selected cases of CR and MRI image meaning
interpretation showing the development of disease processes.
Author
Artificial Intelligence; Decision Support Systems; Imaging Techniques; Information Systems; Diagnosis; Medicine
20050001365 Porto Univ., Portugal
Decision Follow-Up Support Mechanism Based On Asynchronous Communication
Prinz, Wolfgang; Valle, Carla; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 79; In English;
See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Decision management and decision support systems are themes under investigation for several decades, and both research
areas provided contributions for the quality of decision making processes. However, little work has been done in the area of
decision follow-up, especially regarding decisions made during meetings. In this paper we analyse the concepts related to this
problem and we propose a solution based on mechanisms supported by computer to assist the formalization of meeting
outcomes, and to provide decision follow-up.
Author
Decision Making; Decision Support Systems; Management Systems
20050001366 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Implementation Environment Of Knowledge Discovery Systems
Dias, Maria; Pacheco, Roberto; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems; [2004], pp. 54; In English;
See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
After an organization having solved its operational problems, the need of systems appears for the support to the decision
taking. Data mining is an area that is growing quickly to assist such new needs of the organization. However, the use of data
mining techniques is uncommon by the difficulty normally found in the development of knowledge discovery systems. This
paper presents an environment of knowledge discovery in database, called ADesC. The main objective is to generate relevant
information to decision taking, with the application of data mining techniques. This environment is based on agent technology
to facilitate the performance of its tasks.
Author
Data Bases; Data Mining; Knowledge Based Systems; Decision Support Systems
20050001382 Porto Univ., Portugal
Data Mining of CRM Knowledge Bases for Effective Market Segmentation: A Conceptual Framework
Bang, Jounghae; Dholakia, Nikhilesh; Hamel, Lutz; Dholakia, Ruby Roy; ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision
Support Systems; [2004], pp. 57-58; In English; See also 20050001281; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
201
This paper illustrates the linkages between CRM systems, data mining techniques, and the strategic notions of market
segmentation and relationship marketing. Using the hypothetical example of a consumer bank, the data in a relationship based
marketing environment are illustrated and guidelines for knowledge discovery, data management and strategic marketing are
developed.
Author
Data Mining; Knowledge Bases (Artificial Intelligence)
20050009993 Porto Univ., Portugal
Context Aware Collaboration in Enterprises
Ramamritham, Krithi; Sridhar V.; Kammanahalli, Harish; Gopalan, Srividya; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet
Computing; [2004], pp. 167-168; In English; See also 20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Providing the most relevant information at the most appropriate time at the most appropriate location helps in improving
the overall enterprise productivity. Contextual information plays a role in achieving this objective. Richer and deeper the
context is higher is the relevance and appropriateness. In this paper, we discuss the various aspects of a context and the ways
and means of tracking the same so as to exploit the most recent and expectedly accurate description of the business situation
in delivering the information to assist in collaboration. Further, we discuss the role of data and app grids in meeting the
real-time delivery requirements.
Author
Information Dissemination; Information Transfer
20050010023 Porto Univ., Portugal
Analyzing Web Chat Messages for Recommending Items from a Digital Library
Primo, Tiago; Amaral, Leonardo; Simoes, Gabriel; Rodriques, Roberto; Borges, Thyago; Loh, Stanley; Lichtnow, Daniel;
Saldana, Ramiro; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 151; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
This work presents a recommender system that analyzes textual messages sent during a communication session in a
private Web chat, identifies the context of each message and recommends items from a Digital Library. Recommendations are
directly made to users in the chat screen and are decided by a software system through a proactive paradigm, without any
request of the users. A domain ontology, containing concepts and a controlled vocabulary, is used to identify subjects in textual
messages and to automatically classify items of the Digital Library.
Author
Libraries; Digital Data; World Wide Web
20050010035 Porto Univ., Portugal
Managing e-Market Transaction Processes
Debenham, John; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 132; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Knowledge-driven processes are business processes whose execution is determined by the prior knowledge of the agents
involved and by the knowledge that emerges during a process instance. They are characteristic of emergent business processes.
The amount of process knowledge that is relevant to a knowledge-driven process can be enormous and may include common
sense knowledge. If a process’ knowledge can not be represented feasibly then that process can not be managed; although its
execution may be partially supported. In an e-market domain, the majority of transactions, including requests for advice and
information, are knowledge-driven processes for which the knowledge base is the Internet, and so representing the knowledge
is not an issue. These processes are managed by a multiagent system that manages the extraction of knowledge from this base
using a suite of data mining bots.
Author
Knowledge; Information Management; Electronic Commerce
20050010084 General Services Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Business Continuity: It’s Not Just an IT Recovery Plan. Intergovernmental and Enterprise Approaches
Jul. 2004; 32 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101211; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The objective of this report is to identify and publicize some of the experiences and best practices of government
202
managers in business continuity planning. The report highlights Federal, State, and local government initiatives, research
culled from numerous studies and trade publications, and award and best practice programs that recognize business continuity
practices. The report also analyzes lessons learned from events such as Y2K, 9-11, and the Northeastern Blackout and
Hurricane Isabel. This report is not intended as a how-to guide that covers the basics of business continuity planning. Rather,
it seeks to fill the gaps that the Intergovernmental Advisory Board (IAB) has identified in government business continuity
programs. Business Continuity is viewed by some as simply an IT exercise. But for successful planning and execution, the
business process owners, i.e. the people that provide the services, need to drive the process. As part of a business-driven
approach, there needs to be an understanding of the interrelationship of the government’s business processes with those of
other governments and the private sector. Also, strategies need to account for the potential loss of critical infrastructure.
NTIS
Management Planning; Governments; Commerce
20050010108 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA, USA, Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Indexing Multispectral Images for Content-Based Retrieval
Barros, J.; French, J.; Martin, W.; Kelly, P.; White, J. M.; Oct. 1994; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101671; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
This paper discusses our view of image databases, content-based retrieval, and our experiences with an experimental
system. We present a methodology in which efficient representation and indexing are the basis for retrieval of images by
content as well as associated external information. In the example system images are indexed and accessed based on properties
of the individual regions in the image. Regions in each image are indexed by their spectral characteristics, as well as by their
shape descriptors and position information. The goal of the system is to reduce the number of images that need to be inspected
by a user by quickly excluding substantial parts of the database. The system avoids exhaustive searching through the image
database when a query is submitted.
NTIS
Data Bases; Image Analysis
20050010109 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA, USA, Los Alamos National Lab., NM
Trading Efficiency for Effectiveness in Similarity Based Indexing for Image Databases
Barros, J.; French, J.; Martin, W.; Kelly, P.; 2003; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101670; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Image databases typically manage feature data that can be viewed as points in a feature space. Some features, however,
can be better expressed as a collection of points or described by a probability distribution function (PDF) rather than as a single
point. In earlier work we introduced a similarity measure and a method for indexing and searching the PDF descriptions of
these items that guarantees an answer equivalent to sequential search. Unfortunately, certain properties of the data can restrict
the efficiency of that method. In this paper we extend that work and examine trade-offs between efficiency and answer quality
or effectiveness. These trade-offs reduce the amount of work required during a search by reducing the number of undesired
items fetched without excluding an excessive number of the desired ones.
NTIS
Data Bases; Image Analysis; Distribution Functions
20050010110 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA, USA, Los Alamos National Lab., NM
System for Indexing Multi-Spectral Satellite Images for Efficient Content-Based Retrieval
Barros, J.; French, J.; Martin, W.; Kelly, P.; 2003; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2005-101669; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Current feature-based image databases can typically perform efficient and effective searches on scalar feature information.
However, many important features, such as graphs, histograms, and probability density functions, have more complex
structure. Mechanisms to manipulate complex feature data are not currently well understood and must be further developed.
The work we discuss in this paper explores techniques for the exploitation of spectral distribution information in a
feature-based image database. A six band image was segmented into regions and spectral information for each region was
maintained. A similarity measure for the spectral information is proposed and experiments are conducted to test its
effectiveness. The objective of our current work is to determine if these techniques are effective and efficient at managing this
type of image feature data.
NTIS
Data Bases; Probability Density Functions; Satellite Imagery
203
20050010212 CHEAr/DPAr Sevres, France
L’Armement-Recherche civile, Recherche de defense (Armament-Civil and Defense Research)
Dec. 2001; 167 pp.; In German; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427691; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy
This issue of L’Armement discusses new directions in civil and defense research. Following the end of the Cold War,
pressure on defense budgets had a disproportionate impact on basic research. To compensate for reduced funding, research was
closely targets to defense requirements. The General Delegation for aMmarnents (Delegation Generale pour l’Armernent)
established research priorities based on Frances’s and Europe’s projected technology needs in 2012. This planning resulting
in a 10 percent increase in the defense research budget for 2003-2008. Individual articles discuss the role of various research
centers and address such specialized topics as structurral materials, body armor, meteorological science, information
technology, and underwater acoustic communications.
DTIC
Civil Defense; Military Technology; Research and Development
20050010223 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Design and Implementation of a Database for an Integrated System for Daily Management in an Industrial and
Commercial Organization
Trigui, Noureddine, Author; Sep. 2004; 149 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427716; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The purpose of this research is to define a centralized database containing all necessary information related to daily
management in an industrial and commercial organization that is publicly owned and equipped with civil personality and
financial autonomy. The system is composed of the following subsystems: Human Resource Management, Provisioning; and
Financial, Budgetary, and Accounting Management. The three subsystems should be installed in a central site and at regional
sites. Each site will have its own database. The central database will be supplied with the data, which come from the other
sites at the end of the day or according to need via modems. It is necessary to develop a tool for remote database queries to
accomplish this work. The platform on which the application must be executed is IBM-INFORMIX running on top of the
WINDOWS operating system. The database will be a relational database. The framework used in the design and modeling
consists of the following: Object Oriented Analysis (OOA), which enables the development of high quality software by
defining the problem structure; and the Delphi language, which provides a robust development environment. The installation
of the solution will be executed according to the following scenario: Client/Server architecture with the object-oriented
development tool DELPHI, the database will be installed on the central and regional servers, the application will be installed
on the end users’ stations, and data access will be through an open ODBC. This software presents an integrated solution that
will provide centralized and accurate data, so that data can be used to derive the right decision at the best time. (7 tables, 15
figures, 14 refs.)
DTIC
Computer Programming; Data Bases; Design Analysis; Industrial Management; Information Management; Management
Information Systems; Organizations; Relational Data Bases; Software Engineering; Systems Integration
20050010252 Naval Submarine Medical Research Lab., Groton, CT USA
Submarine Information Organization and Prioritization and Submarine Officer of the Deck Experience
Shobe, Katharine K., Author; Carr, Walter, Author; Jul. 2004; 47 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427810; NSMRL-1234; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
To determine how sonar and other information is organized and prioritized by the Submarine Officer of the Deck (OOD),
for the purposes of augmenting our understanding of submarine ‘expertise,’ for making recommendations for information
displays of submarine systems, and for training submarine officers.
DTIC
Information Systems
20050010336 Lawson (Harding) Associates, Denver, CO USA
Phase I Environmental Investigation Report, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Marion County, Indiana, Volume 2. Revised
Sep. 1995; 1195 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAA15-91-D-0013
Report No.(s): AD-A427977; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A99, Hardcopy
204
This appendix describes and presents the results of an evaluation of Fort Benjamin Harrison (FBH) analytical data quality
based on data validation of the analytical results, the U.S. Army Environmental Center’s (USAEC’s) review of the control
charts produced by the analytical laboratories, and a summary of the precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness,
and comparability (PARCO) parameters. This evaluation was used to assess whether the data quality objectives (DQOs)
established for the FBH Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Facility Investigation and Environmental Investigation
(RF/EI) Work Plan (HLA, 1993b) were satisfied. During the Phase I FBH field investigation, six sites were classified as El
Sites (El Sites 1 through 5). All remaining sites were investigated as RFI Sites. For this discussion of data validation and data
quality, the acronym El refers to El Sites 1 through 6. REl refers to the remaining sites investigated during the Phase I field
program. Detailed data validation with subsequent qualification of analytical results was performed on the background and site
analytical results with the exception of analytical results for El Sites 1 through 6. However, it is assumed that the findings of
HLA’s detailed validation can be applied in general terms to the El Sites 1 through 6 data which represents only 12.3 percent
of the FBH analytical data. In addition, the USAEC’s control chart review includes both RFI and El data. Therefore, the data
quality assessment discussed in this appendix relates to the FBH analytical data as a whole.
DTIC
Data Management; Environment Protection; Geomorphology; Geophysics; Indiana
20050010385 Rand Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
Upgrading an Office Automation Environment: The Army’s DCSPER Automation Project
Shukiar, Herbert J., Author; Gates, Roy 0., Author; Kaplan, Richard J., Author; Jan. 1992; 52 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA903-91-C-0006
Report No.(s): AD-A428179; RAND-N-3517-A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
The DCSPER Automation Project, a special assistance project conducted from January to May 1991, was chartered to
evaluate the current1 Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel (ODCSPER) computing environment, particularly in
terms of its support of ODOSPER office automation, and recommend office automation enhancements. The project was asked
to complete its evaluation and brief results within a time frame of four months. To complete the project within the stipulated
time frame, the project developed a questionnaire that all ODOSPER staff were asked to complete. Development was based
on extensive discussions with ODCSPER’s Information Management Organization (IMO) and Plans, Analysis, and Evaluation
directorate (DAPE-ZXP), conducted early in the project’s life cycle. The questionnaire was sent to 329 people, and 174
responses (53 percent) were received. This Note, the project’s final report, presents questionnaire results and
recommendations. It also discusses organizational issues associated with the recommendations.
DTIC
Offıce Automation
20050010398 Gdansk Technical Univ., Poland
Conference on Information Technology (2nd)/Special Session on Homeland Security, Volume 5
Aug. 2004; 387 pp.; In Polish
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-04-1-5047
Report No.(s): AD-A428220; EOARD-CSP-04-5047; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A17, Hardcopy
This report contains the Final Proceedings for 2nd Conference on Information Technology/ Special Session on Homeland
Security, 16-is May 2004. Topics includes: Formal methods in information engineering, Electronic documents and digital
libraries Autonomous robots in embeded systems, Mobile and portable information systems, Design and implementation of
methodologies and technologies for information based products, Dependability and security of information processing
systems, Development of IT infrastructure and Special English Session on Homeland Security.
DTIC
Computer Information Security; Conferences; Information Systems; Security
84
LAW, POLITICAL SCIENCE AND SPACE POLICY
Includes aviation law; space law and policy; international law; international cooperation; and patent policy.
20050010027 Porto Univ., Portugal
Jurisdiction in B2C E-Commerce Redress
Ong, Chin Eang; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 130; In English; See also 20050009958;
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
205
E-commerce jurisdiction has always been an issue because e-commerce exists in a borderless environment and this
environment diminishes the importance of physical location and locality. This imposes a great concern over which country’s
jurisdiction to engage when disputes occur between business and consumer in the e-environment. This is crucial when the
consumer is seeking ‘redress’ as there is always the question as to where a court action should be brought in? The current
jurisdictions by the European Commission (EC) within the European Union (EU), The E-commerce Directive - Country of
Origin and Rome II are still in the drafting process. These legislations are not the total solution. This paper discusses the issue
of current jurisdiction, whether there is a need to call for a single jurisdiction and what complications arise when seeking
redress in this borderless e-environment. This paper also raises important issues that relate to the gaps and loopholes that exist
in Country of Origin and Rome II.
Author
Electronic Commerce; Policies; International Cooperation; Law (Jurisprudence)
89
ASTRONOMY
Includes observations of celestial bodies; astronomical instruments and techniques; radio, gamma-ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, and infrared
astronomy; and astrometry.
20050000035 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Meteor44 Video Meteor Photometry
Swift, Wesley R.; Suggs, Robert M.; Cooke, William J.; October 13, 2004; 7 pp.; In English; Meteorids 2004 Conference,
16-20 Aug. 2004, London, Ontario, Canada
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS8-00187; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Meteor44 is a software system developed at MSFC for the calibration and analysis of video meteor data. The dynamic
range of the (8bit) video data is extended by approximately 4 magnitudes for both meteors and stellar images using saturation
compensation. Camera and lens specific saturation compensation coefficients are derived from artificial variable star
laboratory measurements. Saturation compensation significantly increases the number of meteors with measured intensity and
improves the estimation of meteoroid mass distribution. Astrometry is automated to determine each image s plate coefficient
using appropriate star catalogs. The images are simultaneously intensity calibrated from the contained stars to determine the
photon sensitivity and the saturation level referenced above the atmosphere. The camera s spectral response is used to
compensate for stellar color index and typical meteor spectra in order to report meteor light curves in traditional visual
magnitude units. Recent efforts include improved camera calibration procedures, long focal length ‘streak’ meteor photome&y
and two-station track determination. Meteor44 has been used to analyze data from the 2001.2002 and 2003 MSFC Leonid
observational campaigns as well as several lesser showers. The software is interactive and can be demonstrated using data
from recent Leonid campaigns.
Author
Video Data; Photometry; Meteoroids; Calibrating; Dynamic Range; Cameras
20050000040 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
A Multi-Wavelength Study of the X-Ray Sources in the NGC 5018
Ghosh, Kajal K.; Swartz, Douglas A.; Tennant, Allyn F.; Wu, Kinwah; Saripalli, Lakshmi; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; No
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The E3 giant elliptical galaxy NGC-5018 was observed with the cxo X-ray Observatory’s Advanced CCD Imaging
Spectrometer for 30-h on 14 April 2001. Results of analysis of these X-ray data as well as of complementary optical, infrared,
and radio data are reported. Seven X-ray point sources, including the nucleus, were detected. If they are intrinsic to
NGC-5018, then all six non-nuclear sources have luminosities exceeding 10(exp 39)-ergl in the 0.5-8.0-keV energy band;
placing them in the class of Ultra- luminous X-ray sources. Comparison of X-ray source positions to archival Hubble Space
Telescope/Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (hst/WFPC2) images reveal four of the six non-nuclear sources are spatially-coincident with bright, M$(sub V)LA -8.6 mag, objects. These four objects have optical magnitudes and (V-I) colors consistent
with globular clusters in NGC-5018. However, one of these objects was observed to vary by siml mag in both V and I between
observations taken 28 July 1997 and 04 Feb 1999 indicating this source is a background active galactic nucleus (AGN). The
nature of the other three optically-bright objects cannot be determined from the available optical data but all have
X-ray-to-optical flux ratios consistent with background AGNs. Strong, unpolarized, radio emission has been detected from
another of the optically-bright counterparts. It displays an inverted radio spectrum and is the most absorbed of the seven
206
sources in the X-ray band. It, too, is most readily explained as a background AGN, though alternative explanations cannot be
ruled out. Extended X-ray emission is detected within a siml5 arcsec radius of the galaxy center at a luminosity of sim lO(exp
40)-ergl in the X-ray band. Its thermal X-ray spectrum (kT sim0.4-keV) and its spatial coincidence with strong H(alpha)
emission are consistent with a hot gas origin. The nucleus itself is a weak X-ray source, LA-5 times 10(exp 39)-ergl, but
displays a radio spectrum typical of AGN.
Author
Active Galactic Nuclei; X Ray Sources; Galaxies; Hubble Space Telescope; Imaging Spectrometers; Infrared Radiation
20050009884 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., MA, USA
Soft X-ray Absorption Edges in LMXBs
June 30, 2004; 1 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-13360
Report No.(s): MIT-6894752; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The XMM observation of LMC X-2 is part of our program to study X-ray absorption in the interstellar medium (ISM).
This program includes a variety of bright X-ray binaries in the Galaxy as well as the Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC).
LMC X-2 is located near the heart of the LMC. Its very soft X-ray spectrum is used to determine abundance and ionization
fractions of neutral and lowly ionized oxygen of the ISM in the LMC. The RGS spectrum so far allowed us to determine the
O-edge value to be for atomic O, the EW of O-I in the ls-2p resonance absorption line, and the same for O-II. The current
study is still ongoing in conjunction with other low absorption sources like Sco X-1 and the recently observed X-ray binary
4U 1957+11.
Author
X Ray Absorption; Interstellar Matter; X Ray Binaries; Magellanic Clouds; Ionized Gases
20050009892 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Precise Localization of the Soft Gamma Repeater SGR 1627-41 with Chandra and the Anomalous X-Ray Pulsar AXP
1E1841-045 with Chandra
Wachter, Stefanie; Patel, Sandeep K.; Kouveliotou, Chryssa; Bouchet, Patrice; Ozel, Feryal; Tennant, Allyn F.; Woods, Peter
M.; Hurley, Kevin; Becker, Werner; Slane, Patrick, et al.; The Astrophysical Journal; November 10, 2004; Volume 615,
pp. 887-896; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS5-24555; SAO-GO1-2066X; NAG5-11608; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
We present precise localizations of AXP 1E184-045 and SGR 1627-41 with Chandra. We obtained new infrared
observations of SGR 1627-41 and reanalyzed archival observations of AXP 1E1841-045 in order to refine their positions and
search for infrared counterparts. A faint source is detected inside the error circle of AXP 1E1841-045. In the case of SGR
1627-41, several sources are located within the error radius of the X-ray position, and we discuss the likelihood of one of them
being the counterpart. We compare the properties of our candidates to those of other known anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP)
and soft gamma repeater (SGR) counterparts. We find that the counterpart candidates for SGR 1627-41 and SGR 1806-20
would have to be intrinsically much brighter than AXPs in order to have counterparts detectable with the observational limits
currently available for these sources. To confirm the reported counterpart of SGR 1806-20, we obtained new infrared
observations during the 2003 July burst activation of the source. No brightening of the suggested counterpart is detected,
implying that the counterpart of SGR 1806-20 remains yet to be identified.
Author
Infrared Astronomy; Infrared Radiation; Brightness; Repeaters; Gamma Ray Bursts
20050009893 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
A Multiwavelength Search for a Counterpart of the Brightest Unidentified Gamma-Ray Source 3EG J2020+4017 (2CG
078+2)
Becker, Werner; Weisskopf, Martin C.; Arzoumanian, Zaven; Lorimer, Duncan; Camilo, Fernando; Elsner, Ronald F.;
Kanbach, Gottfried; Reimer, Olaf; Swartz, Douglas A.; Tennant, Allyn F., et al.; The Astrophysical Journal; November 10,
2004; Volume 615, pp. 897-907; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NRA-99-01-LTSA-070; NSF AST-02-05853; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
In search of the counterpart to the brightest unidentified gamma-ray source, 3EG J2020+4017 (2CG 078+2), we report
on new X-ray and radio observations of the gamma Cygni field with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and with the Green Bank
Telescope (GBT). We also report on reanalysis of archival ROSAT data. With Chandra it became possible for the first time
207
to measure the position of the putative gamma-ray counterpart, RX J2020.2+4026, with subarcsecond accuracy and to deduce
its X-ray spectral characteristics. These observations demonstrate that RX J2020.2+4026 is associated with a K field star and
therefore is unlikely to be the counterpart of the bright gamma-ray source 2CG 078+2 in the SNR G78.2+2.1 as had been
previously suggested. The Chandra observation detected 37 additional X-ray sources, which were correlated with catalogs of
optical and infrared data. Subsequent GBT radio observations covered the complete 99% EGRET likelihood contour of 3EG
J2020+4017 with a sensitivity limit of L(sub 820) approximately 0.1 mJy kpc(exp 2), which is lower than most of the recent
deep radio search limits. If there is a pulsar operating in 3EG J2020+40 17, this sensitivity limit suggests that either the pulsar
does not produce significant amounts of radio emission or that its geometry is such that the radio beam does not intersect with
the line of sight. Finally, reanalysis of archival ROSAT data leads to a flux upper limit of fx(0.1 - 2.4 keV) less than 1.8 x
10(exp -13) ergs s(exp -1) cm(exp -2) for a putative pointlike X-ray source located within the 68% confidence contour of 3EG
J2020+4017. Adopting the supernova remnant age of 5400 yr and assuming a spin-down to X-ray energy conversion factor
of 10(exp 14), this upper limit constrains the parameters of a putative neutron star as a counterpart for 3EG J2020+4017 to
be P is approximately greater than 160 (d 1.5 kpc)(exp -1) ms, P is approximately greater than 5 x 10(exp -13) ((d 1.5 kpc)(exp
-1)) s s(exp -1), and B (perpendicular) is approximately greater than 9 x 10(exp l2) )(d 1.5 kpc)(exp -1)) G.
Author
Cygnus Constellation; Gamma Rays; Pulsars; Radio Emission; Supernova Remnants; X Ray Sources; A Stars; Neutron Stars
20050009911 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
An Off-Axis Model for GRB 031203
Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; Granot, Jonathan; Kouveliotou, Chryssa; Woosley, S. E.; Patel, Sandy K.; Mazzali, Paolo A.;
[December 2004]; 1 pp.; In English; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The low luminosity radio emission of the unusually faint GRB 031203 has been argued to support the idea of a class of
intrinsically sub-energetic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), currently comprising two members. While low energy GRBs probably
exist, we show that the collective prompt and multiwavelength observations of the afterglow of GRB 031203, do not
necessarily require a sub-energetic nature for that event. In fact, the data are more consistent with a typical, powerful GRB
seen at an angle of about twice the opening angle of the central jet. The (redshift corrected) peak energy, E(sub p), of GRB
031203 then becomes approximately 2 MeV, similar to many other GRBs.
Author
Gamma Ray Bursts; Radio Emission; Stellar Models
20050009952 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
The STARDUST Discovery Mission: Data from the Encounter with Comet Wild 2 and the Expected Sample Return
Sandford, Scott A.; September 16, 2004; 1 pp.; In English; UCLA, Astronomy Department Seminar, 6 Oct. 2004, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 624-08-01; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
On January 2,2004, the STARDUST spacecraft made the closest ever flyby (236 km) of the nucleus of a comet - Comet
Wild 2. During the fly by the spacecraft collected samples of dust from the coma of the comet. These samples will be returned
to Earth on January 15,2006. After a brief preliminary examination to establish the nature of the returned samples, they will
be made available to the general scientific community for study. In addition to its aerogel dust collector, the STARDUST
spacecraft was also equipped with instruments that made in situ measurements of the comet during the flyby. These included
several dust impact monitors, a mass spectrometer, and a camera. The spacecraft’s communication system was also used to
place dynamical constraints on the mass of the nucleus and the number of impacts the spacecraft had with large particles. The
data taken by these instruments indicate that the spacecraft successfully captured coma samples. These instruments,
particularly the camera, also demonstrated that Wild 2 is unlike any other object in the Solar System previously visited by a
spacecraft. During my talk I will discuss the scientific goals of the STARDUST mission and provide an overview of its design
and flight to date. I will then end with a description of the exciting data returned by the spacecraft during the recent encounter
with Wild 2 and discuss what these data tell us about the nature of comets. It will probably come as no surprise that the
encounter data raise as many (or more) new questions as they answer old ones.
Author
Stardust Mission; Wild 2 Comet; Flyby Missions; Sample Return Missions
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20050009955 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Spitzer Space Telescope Spectroscopy of the Kepler Supernova Remnant
Roellig, T. L.; Onaka, T.; October 11, 2004; 1 pp.; In English; 205th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society, 9-13
Jan. 2005, San Diego, CA, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS2-1407; WBS 21-456-06-1R; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope was used for observations of the Kepler supernova remnant,
with all four instrument modules targeted on the bright infrared knot located at 17h30m35.80s,-21d28m54.0s (J2000). The low
spectral resolution modules data show a dust continuum spectrum consistent with dust grains heated by high-energy electrons,
while the high resolution modules data show atomic emission line ratios consistent with excitation by a high velocity shock
of greater than 100 kilometers per second and electron densities of approximately 1,000 per centimeter. The abundance ratios
for the six detected elements show signs of heavy-element enhancement. This work is based on observations made with the
Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Support for
this work was provided by NASA’s Office of Space Science.
Author
Space Infrared Telescope Facility; Supernova Remnants; Kepler Laws; Spectroscopy
20050010244 Naval Observatory, Washington, DC USA
Time and Frequency Activities at the U.S. Naval Observatory
Matsakis, Demetrios, Author; Sep. 2004; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427786; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The U. S. Naval Observatory (USNO) has provided timing for the Navy and the Department of Defense since 1830 and,
in cooperation with other institutions, has also provided timing for the USA and the international community. Its Master Clock
is the source of UTC (USNO), which has stayed within 5 ns of UTC in the past year, with an RMS deviation of 3 ns. The
data used to generate UTC (USNO) are based upon 73 HP5071 cesium and 18 hydrogen maser frequency standards in three
buildings at two sites. The USNO disseminates time via voice, telephone modem, LORAN, Network Time Protocol, GPS, and
Two-Way Satellite Time Transfer. The USNO would not be able to meet all the requirements of its users had it kept to the
same technology it had 10 years ago; this paper will describe some of the changes being made to meet the anticipated needs
of our users. While we aim to increase our accuracy and precision, we deem it equally important to bring about robustness,
and we recommend this for our users as well.
DTIC
Astronomical Observatories; Frequencies; Observatories
20050010275 Johns Hopkins Univ., Laurel, MD USA
The APL Time And Frequency Lab
Dragonette, R. A., Author; Miranian, M., Author; Reinhart, M. J., Author; Sep. 2004; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A427840; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The APL Time and Frequency Laboratory supports a wide variety of current and upcoming NASA missions that span the
solar system from the study of the Sun’s coronal mass ejections to the examination of the planet Pluto and the Kuiper Belt
objects. This support can be in the form of providing precise time and frequency to the integration and testing of new hardware
or the time-stamping of ground-receipt telemetry packets from various spacecraft. The Lab’s ensemble of three cesium
standards and one hydrogen maser will soon be expanded with the procurement of two additional hydrogen masers. Also, a
new frequency stability measurement system is capable of making up to once-per-second picosecond level phase
measurements at 5 MHz from each clock in the ensemble. Traceability to USNO, NIST, and BIPM is maintained via GPS
common-view time transfer and will provide a means for incorporating the Lab’s clocks into the computation of TAI.
DTIC
Frequencies; Solar Corona; Solar System
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90
ASTROPHYSICS
Includes cosmology; celestial mechanics; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.
20050000124 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, USA
High Resolution Spectroscopy of AGN in Outburst: The Gaseous Nuclear Environment and the WIGM
Mushotzky, Richard, Technical Monitor; Nicastro, Fabrizio; December 2004; 2 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNG04GD83G; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
This grant is associated to a successful XMM-A02 proposal to observe blazars in outburst states, to X-ray the intergalactic
medium, searching for intervening ionized absorption. The observation was triggered on August 31 2003, on the blazar 1H
0414+009 (2=0.287), when the target was showing a level of activity of about 20 mCrab in the total XTE-ASM band. The
observation was performed 1 day later (on September 1, 2003) and lasted for 79 ks (79 % of the requested time).
Unfortunately, assuming that the XTE-ASM notification was real, the target had recovered his quiescent level of approx. 0.35
mCrab, when the XMM RGS observed it. This, combined with the lower-than-requested exposure, produced an XMM-RGS
spectrum containing only - 40 counts per resolution element in the 24.1 less than lambda(A) less than 30 range, insufficient
to detect even the strongest predicted lines from the OVII WHIM. However, we do detect the Local Group WHIM OVII
system in the spectrum of this blazar.
Derived from text
Blazars; Active Galactic Nuclei; Absorption Spectra; Absorption Spectroscopy
20050009883 Ohio Univ., Athens, OH, USA
Simultaneous Multiwavelength Monitoring of 3C66A
Boettcher, M.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNG04GB13G; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
The radio-selected BL Lac object 3C66A was the target of an intensive multiwavelength campaign from Sept. 2003
through Feb. 2004. It was monitored by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) collaboration, in tandem with 20 X-ray
monitoring observations by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), VHE gamma-ray observations by STACEE and
VERITAS, and long-term monitoring at radio frequencies. In addition. 9 observations using the VLBA are being carried out
during the campaign and throughout the year 2004 to follow possible structural changes of the source. 21 pointings with RXTE
during the period Sept. 15 - Dec. 27, 2003. All collected data have been fully analyzed, and first results have already been
published at the 8th HEAD Meeting in New Orleans, LA, in Sept. 2004, and will also be presented at the 205th AAS Meeting
in San Diego, CA, in Jan. 2005. A first Journal paper, to be submitted to the Astrophysical Journal, is currently in preparation,
and we plan to have it ready for submission in January 2005. A gradual brightening of the source over the course of the
campaign was observed at all optical frequencies, culminating in a very bright flare at the end of January 2004. Optical light
curves indicate intraday microvariability on time scales down to about 1.3 hours. No significant color-magnitude correlation
for the entire data set was evident, but there is a slight indication of a gradual spectral softening in the optical over the entire
duration of multi-day outbursts (in both the rising and decaying phase). The X-ray spectrum is consistent with a power-law
with a photon spectral index of approx. 2.1, indicating that the RXTE energy band might be located right at the intersection
of the synchrotron and the high-energy emission components. No significant flux or spectral variability at X-ray energies was
detected, though there seems to be a trend of very modest brightening in tandem with the optical flux. The first 4 VLBA epochs
indicate a rather smooth jet with only very moderate internal structure. After decomposition in Gaussian components, evidence
for superluminal motion (11.0+/-4.7/h c) was found in only one out of 6 jet components. The radial radio brightness profile
suggests a magnetic field decay infinity/r and, thus, a predominantly perpendicular magnetic field orientation.
Author
Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA); Synchrotron Radiation; Gamma Rays; X Ray Timing Explorer; Light (Visible Radiation);
Magnetic Fields
20050009885 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, USA
Spectral Monitoring of NGC 1365: Nucleus and Variable ULX
Mushotzky, Richard, Technical Monitor; Fabbiano, G.; December 2004; 2 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNG04GF97G; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
A letter has been submitted to ApJ, and is in the final stages of revision on the spectral variability of the nuclear source.
We presented multiple Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1365, which shows the most
210
dramatic X-ray spectral changes observed so far in an AGN: the source switched from reflection dominated to Compton- thin
and back in just 6 weeks. During this time the soft thermal component, arising from a 1-kpc region around the center, remained
constant. The reflection component is constant at all timescales, and its flux is a fraction of 5% or higher of the direct 2-10
keV emission, implying the presence of thick gas covering a big fraction of the solid angle. The presence of this gas, and the
hst variability time scale, suggest that the Compton-thick to Compton thin change is due to variation in the line-of-sight
absorber, rather than to extreme intrinsic emission variability. We discuss a structure of the circumnuclear absorbed reflector
which can explain the observed X-ray spectral and temporal properties. But these important results come only from scratching
the surface of the data, since we did not need any detailed spectral analysis to distinguish between the Compton thick and
Compton thin states of the source, the difference in both spectral shape and flux being huge.
Derived from text
Monitors; Seyfert Galaxies; Spectrum Analysis
20050009895 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Particle Acceleration and Magnetic Field Generation in Electron-Positron Relativistic Shocks
Nishikawa, K.-L.; Hardee, P.; Richardson, G.; Preece, R.; Sol, H.; Fishman, G. J.; [2004]; 2 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources; Abstract Only
Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities
(e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle (electron,
positron, and ion) acceleration. Using a 3-D relativistic electromagnetic particle (REMP) code, we have investigated particle
acceleration associated with a relativistic electron-positron jet front propagating into an ambient electron-positron plasma with
and without initial magnetic fields. We find small differences in the results for no ambient and modest ambient magnetic fields.
Simulations show that the Weibel instability created in the collisionless shock front accelerates jet and ambient particles both
perpendicular and parallel to the jet propagation direction. The non-linear fluctuation amplitudes of densities, currents, electric,
and magnetic fields in the electron-positron shock are larger than those found in the electron-ion shock studied in a previous
paper at the comparable simulation time. This comes from the fact that both electrons and positrons contribute to generation
of the Weibel instability. Additionally, we have performed simulations with different electron skin depths. We find that growth
times scale inversely with the plasma frequency, and the sizes of structures created by the Weibel instability scale proportional
to the electron skin depth. This is the expected result and indicates that the simulations have sufficient grid resolution. While
some Fermi acceleration may occur at the jet front, the majority of electron and positron acceleration takes place behind the
jet front and cannot be characterized as Fermi acceleration. The simulation results show that the Weibel instability is
responsible for generating and amplifying nonuniform: small-scale magnetic fields which contribute to the electron’s
(positron’s) transverse deflection behind the jet head. This small scale magnetic field structure is appropriate to the generation
of jitter radiation from deflected electrons (positrons) as opposed to synchrotron radiation. The jitter radiation has different
properties than synchrotron radiation calculated assuming a a uniform magnetic field. The jitter radiation resulting from small
scale magnetic field structures may be important for understanding the complex time structure and spectral evolution observed
in gamma-ray bursts or other astrophysical sources containing relativistic jets and relativistic collisionless shocks.
Author
Weibel Instability; Relativistic Particles; Shock Fronts; Electron-Positron Plasmas; Particle Acceleration; Astrophysics;
Magnetic Field Configurations; Plasma Jets
20050009912 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
The Origin and Evolution of Deep Plasmaspheric Notches
Gallagher, D. L.; Adrian, M. L.; Liemohn, M.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Deep plasmaspheric notches can extend over more than 2 RE in radial distance and 3 hours MLT in the magnetic
equatorial plane. They appear to be among the largest evacuated features in the exterior plasmaspheric boundary. They can
last for days and exhibit varying structure. It appears that low-density channels resulting from the entrainment of the
plasmaspheric convection plume during storm-time recovery share the same origin as notches. Notches rather than channels
result from differences in storm- time conditions. Strong convection tends to result in low-density channels, while weaker
convection and limited erosion results in notches. Eighteen events in 2000 have been analyzed. Among these events, notches
were found to drift as slowly as 72% of corotation. In only one case was a notch found to drift at the corotation rate within
measurement error. On average, notches drift at about 2 1.5 hours per day or 90% of the co-rotational rate. Notches also
sometimes exhibit an interior structure that appears as an extended prominence of dense plasma, which forms a W-like feature
in IMAGEEUV images when viewed from Earth-center. Modeling suggests such features may be caused by small-scale
211
potential structures that result from the localized injection of ring current plasma. Plasma filling rates during recovery and
drainage during a minor storm are reported.
Author
Dense Plasmas; Drift Rate; Plasmasphere; Ring Currents
20050009925 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Infrared Astrophysics with Spitzer
Allamandola, L. J.; Hudgins, D. M.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
PAH spectral features are now being used as new probes of the ISM. PAH ionization states reflect the ionization balance
of the medium while PAH size and structure reflect the energetic and chemical history of the medium. This paper will focus
on recent applications of the NASA Ames PAH IR spectral Database to interpret astronomical observations made by the
Spitzer Space telescope and other space based infrared instruments. Examples will be given showing how changes in the
spectral characteristics of different objects reveal interstellar PAH characteristics such as structure, size and composition, as
well as provide insight into the chemical history and physical nature of the emission zones.
Author
Astrophysics; Infrared Radiation; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Space Infrared Telescope Facility
20050010072 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Joint Analysis of Chandra X-Ray Imaging Spectroscopy and Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect
Data
Bonamente, Massimillano; Joy, Marshall K.; Carlstrom, John E.; Reese, Erik D.; LaRoque, Samuel J.; The Astrophysical
Journal; October 10, 2004; Volume 614, pp. 56-63; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-7986; NSF AST00-96913; NSF PHY-01-14422; NGT5-50173; PF-1-20020; Copyright; Avail:
Other Sources
X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect data can be combined to determine the distance to galaxy clusters. High-resolution
X-ray data are now available from Chandra, which provides both spatial and spectral information, and Sunyaev-Zel’dovich
effect data were obtained from the BIMA and Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) arrays. We introduce a Markov Chain
Monte Carlo procedure for the joint analysis of X-ray and Sunyaev- Zel’dovich effect data. The advantages of this method
are the high computational efficiency and the ability to measure simultaneously the probability distribution of all parameters
of interest, such as the spatial and spectral properties of the cluster gas and also for derivative quantities such as the distance
to the cluster. We demonstrate this technique by applying it to the Chandra X-ray data and the OVRO radio data for the galaxy
cluster A611. Comparisons with traditional likelihood ratio methods reveal the robustness of the method. This method will be
used in follow-up paper to determine the distances to a large sample of galaxy cluster.
Author
Galactic Clusters; Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation; Radio Galaxies; Robustness (Mathematics); Spectra
20050010078 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
High Excitation Gas and ISM
Peeters, E.; Martin-Hernandez, N. L.; Rodriguez-Fernandez, N. J.; Tielens, A. G. G. M.; ISO Mission Results: Space Science
Reviews; June 10, 2004; 25 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): HPMF-CT-2002-01677; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
An overview is given of ISO results on regions of high excitation ISM and gas, i.e. HII regions, the Galactic Centre and
Supernovae Remnants. IR emission due to fine-structure lines, molecular hydrogen, silicates, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons and dust are summarized, their diagnostic capabilities illustrated and their implications highlighted.
Author
Galaxies; Interstellar Gas; Supernova Remnants; Molecular Gases; H II Regions
212
91
LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION
Includes planetology; selenology; meteorites; comets; and manned and unmanned planetary and lunar flights. For spacecraft design or
space stations see 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.
20050009927 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
High Silicate Crystalline-to-Amorphous Ratios in Comets C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) and Hale-Bopp
Wooden, D. H.; Harker, D. E.; Woodward, C. E.; October 19, 2004; 2 pp.; In English; Chondrites and the Protoplanetary Disk,
8-11 Nov. 2004, Lihue, HI, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): 344-32-21-04; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Crystalline silicates, by their apparent absence in the ISM, are dust grains that experienced high temperatures in the solar
nebula. Mg-rich crystalline silicates formed either by condensation from hot nebular gases (1450 K) or by the annealing of
Mg-rich amorphous silicates (approx. 1000 K) in shocks in the 5-10 AU region or by radial transport into and out of the hot
inner zones, e.g., T(sub d) \g 1000 K at r(sub h) \h 5 AU, 10(exp -6) - 10(exp -5) M(sub O)/yr, alpha = 10(exp -4) of the early
solar nebula. Mg-rich crystalline silicates are found in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and produce IR spectral features in
many Oort cloud comets. In May 2004, we discovered strong crystalline silicate features in the dynamically new Oort cloud
comet C/2001 Q4 (NEAT). Thermal emission modeling of comets Q4 and C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) demonstrate that both these
comets have similar, high silicate crystalline-to-amorphous ratios of 2.4 and 2.1, respectively, indicating that these icy
planetesimals aggregated from similar reservoirs of material or that crystalline silicates were widely distributed within the
comet-forming zone. This argues for efficient annealing mechanisms and radial mixing.
Author
Comets; Silicates; Amorphous Materials
20050009949 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Clarissa Spoken Dialogue System for Procedure Reading and Navigation
Hieronymus, James; Dowding, John; [2004]; 6 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): IAC-04-T.3.07; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Speech is the most natural modality for humans use to communicate with other people, agents and complex systems. A
spoken dialogue system must be robust to noise and able to mimic human conversational behavior, like correcting
misunderstandings, answering simple questions about the task and understanding most well formed inquiries or commands.
The system aims to understand the meaning of the human utterance, and if it does not, then it discards the utterance as being
meant for someone else. The first operational system is Clarissa, a conversational procedure reader and navigator, which will
be used in a System Development Test Objective (SDTO) on the International Space Station (ISS) during Expedition 10. In
the present environment one astronaut reads the procedure on a Manual Procedure Viewer (MPV) or paper, and has to stop
to read or turn pages, shifting focus from the task. Clarissa is designed to read and navigate ISS procedures entirely with
speech, while the astronaut has his eyes and hands engaged in performing the task. The system also provides an MPV like
graphical interface so the procedure can be read visually. A demo of the system will be given.
Author
Navigation; Reading; Speech; Systems Engineering; Computer Programs
20050009950 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Exploration of Planetary Terrains with a Legged Robot as a Scout Adjunct to a Rover
Colombano, Silvano; Kirchner, Frank; Spenneberg, Dirk; Hanratty, James; [2004]; 9 pp.; In English; AIAA Space 2004,
28-30 Sep. 2004, San Diego, CA, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-99-1-0483; USRA-8008-003-002-01; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
The Scorpion robot is an innovative, biologically inspired 8-legged walking robot. It currently runs a novel approach to
control which utilizes a central pattern generator (CPG) and local reflex action for each leg. From this starting point we are
proposing to both extend the system’s individual capabilities and its capacity to function as a ‘scout’, cooperating with a larger
wheeled rover. For this purpose we propose to develop a distributed system architecture that extends the system’s capabilities
both in the direction of high level planning and execution in collaboration with a rover, and in the direction of force-feedback
based low level behaviors that will greatly enhance its ability to walk and climb in rough varied terrains. The final test of this
213
improved ability will be a rappelling experiment where the Scorpion explores a steep cliff side in cooperation with a rover
that serves as both anchor and planner/executive.
Author
Robots; Terrain; Planetary Surfaces; Space Exploration; Leg (Anatomy)
20050010074 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Blowing in the Wind, 1, Velocities of Chondrule-Sized Particles in a Turbulent Protoplanetary Nebula
Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.; Hogan, Robert C.; Icarus; 2003; ISSN 0019-1035; Volume 164, pp. 127-138; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC2-1292; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Small but macroscopic particles-chondrules, higher temperature mineral inclusions, metal grains and their like-dominate
the fabric of primitive meteorites. The properties of these constituents, and their relationship to the fine dust grains which
surround them, suggest that they led an extended existence in a gaseous protoplanetary nebula prior to their incorporation into
their parent primitive bodies. In this paper we explore in some detail the velocities acquired by such particles in a turbulent
nebula. We treat velocities in inertial space (relevant to diffusion), velocities relative to the gas entrained microscopic dust
(relevant to accretion of dust rims), and velocities relative to each other (relevant to collisions). We extend previous work by
presenting explicit, closed-form solutions for the magnitude and size dependence of these velocities in this important particle
size regime, and we compare these expressions with new numerical calculations. The magnitude and size dependence of these
velocities have immediate applications to chondrule and CAI rimming by fine dust and to their diffusion in the nebula, which
we explore separately.
Author
Nebulae; Protoplanets; Velocity Distribution; Chondrule; Mathematical Models
20050010106 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Adaptive Bio-Inspired Wireless Network Routing for Planetary Surface Exploration
Alena, Richard I.; Lee, Charles; October 20, 2004; 6 pp.; In English; IEEE Aerospace 2005, 2004, Big Sky, MT, USA; No
Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy
Wireless mobile networks suffer connectivity loss when used in a terrain that has hills, and valleys when line of sight is
interrupted or range is exceeded. To resolve this problem and achieve acceptable network performance, we have designed an
adaptive, configurable, hybrid system to automatically route network packets along the best path between multiple
geographically dispersed modules. This is very useful in planetary surface exploration, especially for ad-hoc mobile networks,
where computational devices take an active part in creating a network infrastructure, and can actually be used to route data
dynamically and even store data for later transmission between networks. Using inspiration from biological systems, this
research proposes to use ant trail algorithms with multi-layered information maps (topographic maps, RF coverage maps) to
determine the best route through ad-hoc network at real time. The determination of best route is a complex one, and requires
research into the appropriate metrics, best method to identify the best path, optimizing traffic capacity, network performance,
reliability, processing capabilities and cost. Real ants are capable of finding the shortest path from their nest to a food source
without visual sensing through the use of pheromones. They are also able to adapt to changes in the environment using subtle
clues. To use ant trail algorithms, we need to define the probability function. The artificial ant is, in this case, a software agent
that moves from node to node on a network graph. The function to calculate the fitness (evaluate the better path) includes:
length of the network edge, the coverage index, topology graph index, and pheromone trail left behind by other ant agents.
Each agent modifies the environment in two different ways: 1) Local trail updating: As the ant moves between nodes it updates
the amount of pheromone on the edge; and 2) Global trail updating: When all ants have completed a tour the ant that found
the shortest route updates the edges in its path.
Author
Adaptive Control; Wireless Communication; Computer Networks; Planetary Surfaces; Space Exploration
20050019441 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Peer-to-Peer Human-Robot Interaction for Space Exploration
Fong, Terrence; Nourbakhsh, Illah; [2004]; 5 pp.; In English; 2004 AAAI Fall Symposium, 21-24 Oct. 2004, Arlington, VA,
USA; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
NASA has embarked on a long-term program to develop human-robot systems for sustained, affordable space exploration.
To support this mission, we are working to improve human-robot interaction and performance on planetary surfaces. Rather
than building robots that function as glorified tools, our focus is to enable humans and robots to work as partners and peers.
214
In this paper. we describe our approach, which includes contextual dialogue, cognitive modeling, and metrics-based field
testing.
Author
Robots; Space Exploration; Manned Space Flight; Artificial Intelligence; Man Machine Systems; Robotics
93
SPACE RADIATION
Includes cosmic radiation; and inner and outer Earth radiation belts. For biological effects of radiation on plants and animals see 51 Life
Sciences; on human beings see 52 Aerospace Medicine. For theory see 73 Nuclear Physics.
20050000101 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
Effects of Nuclear Interactions in Space Radiation Transport
Lin, Zi-Wei; Barghouty, A. F.; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Space radiation transport codes have been developed to calculate radiation effects behind materials in human missions to
the Moon, Mars or beyond. We study how nuclear fragmentation processes affect predictions from such radiation transport
codes. In particular, we investigate the effects of fragmentation cross sections at different energies on fluxes, dose and
dose-equivalent from galactic cosmic rays behind typical shielding materials.
Author
Radiation Transport; Extraterrestrial Radiation; Nuclear Interactions; Radiation Effects
99
GENERAL
Includes aeronautical, astronautical, and space science related histories, biographies, and pertinent reports too broad for categorization;
histories or broad overviews of NASA programs such as Apollo, Gemini, and Mercury spacecraft, Earth Resources Technology Satellite
(ERTS), and Skylab; NASA appropriations hearings.
20050000041 NASA, Washington, DC, USA
U.S. Centennial of Flight Commision: Born of Dreams - Inspired by Freedom
[2004]; 2 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): NASA/SP-2004-4604; NAS/1.21:2004-4604; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, DVD; A01, Hardcopy
The U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission developed and maintained a public web site that included activities related to
the centennial of flight celebration and the history of aviation. The web site, www.centennialofflight.gov, was continually
updated with educational and historical information, events, sights and sounds, and Commission information from its
inception to June 2004. This DVD contains a ‘snap shot’ of the web site as of April 2004. The Web site on this DVD can be
enjoyed without an Internet connection although in some places, you will be given links to online content. DVD content
includes: 1) About the Commission - Information on the legislation, the Commissioners and Advisory Board members, news,
the National Plans, meeting minutes and status reports; 2) Calendar of Events - A comprehensive list of activities, symposiums,
exhibits, air shows, educational activities and more that took place through March 2004; 3) Wright Brothers History - The
Library of Congress bibliography of Wright-related resources as well as the Chronology and Flight Log; the Brunsman
articles; interactive learning modules from The Wright Experience; short informative essays and a series of links to other
Wright brothers information sources. 4) History of Flight - Essays and images on the history of flight; 5) Sights and Sounds
- Images, movies and special collections that capture the accomplishments of the Wright brothers and others who made
significant contributions throughout the history of aviation and aerospace. As part of the NASA Art Program, a centennial
song, ‘Way Up There,’ was commissioned; 6) Licensed Products - View collections of souvenirs and gift items to
commemorate the 100th anniversary of the first powered flight; 7) Education - Resources that will help educators and their
students celebrate 100 years of flight. Teachers can download Wright brothers posters and a Centennial of Flight bookmark,
view live Web casts, and access an Educational Resources Center Matrix representing more than 50 government, industry and
labor organizations promoting aviation and aerospace education.
Author (revised)
Websites; Educational Resources; Aeronautics; Histories
215
20050010005 Porto Univ., Portugal
An Analysis of Variation in Teaching Effort Across Tasks in Online and Traditional Courses
Hislop, Gregory; Ellis, Heidi; ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing; [2004], pp. 148; In English; See also
20050009958; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
As the role of the internet and internet technologies continues to grow in pace with the rapid growth of online education,
faculty activities and tasks are changing to adapt to this increase in web-based instruction. However, little measurable evidence
exist: to characterize the nature of the differences in teaching effort required for online versus traditional courses. This paper
reports on the results of a quantitative study of instructor use of time which investigates not only total time expended, but also
examines differences in types of effort. The basis of the study is a comparison of seven comparable pairs of online and
traditional course sections where instructors recorded time spent during course instruction for the seven pairs. This paper
discusses relevant related work, presents the study motivation and design, discusses how teaching effort varies across different
tasks between online and traditional courses, and presents thoughts for future research. The results of this study indicate that
instructors of online courses spend more time on direct interaction with students when compared to instructors of traditional
courses, but spend less time on other activities such as grading and materials preparation.
Author
Education; Internets; Instructors
20050010181 NASA, Washington, DC, USA
Rockets and People, Volume 1
Chertok, Boris E.; January 2005; 436 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): NASA/SP-2005-4110; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct
first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space.The
memoirs of Academician Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that gap.Chertok began his career as an
electrician in 1930 at an aviation factory near Moscow.Twenty-seven years later, he became deputy to the founding figure of
the Soviet space program, the mysterious Chief Designer Sergey Korolev. Chertok s sixty-year-long career and the many
successes and failures of the Soviet space program constitute the core of his memoirs, Rockets and People. These writings are
spread over four volumes. This is volume I. Academician Chertok not only describes and remembers, but also elicits and
extracts profound insights from an epic story about a society s quest to explore the cosmos. In Volume 1, Chertok describes
his early years as an engineer and ends with the mission to Germany after the end of World War II when the Soviets captured
Nazi missile technology and expertise. Volume 2 takes up the story with the development of the world s first intercontinental
ballistic missile ICBM) and ends with the launch of Sputnik and the early Moon probes. In Volume 3, Chertok recollects the
great successes of the Soviet space program in the 1960s including the launch of the world s first space voyager Yuriy Gagarin
as well as many events connected with the Cold War. Finally, in Volume 4, Chertok meditates at length on the massive Soviet
lunar project designed to beat the Americans to the Moon in the 1960s, ending with his remembrances of the Energiya-Buran
project.
Author (revised)
U.S.S.R. Space Program; Histories
216
Subject Term Index
A STARS
A Multiwavelength Search for a Counterpart of the Brightest Unidentified
Gamma-Ray Source 3EG J2020+4017
(2CG 078+2) – 207
ABLATION
Status of Advanced Boundary Layer
Code Development for SRM Nozzle Ablation Including Two Phase Flow Effects – 27
ABSORPTION SPECTRA
High Resolution Spectroscopy of AGN in
Outburst: The Gaseous Nuclear Environment and the WIGM – 210
ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
High Resolution Spectroscopy of AGN in
Outburst: The Gaseous Nuclear Environment and the WIGM – 210
ACCELERATED LIFE TESTS
Development of a Rapid and Sensitive
Test for the Detection of Prions in Cultured Cells – 92
ACCELEROMETERS
Design of a Non-Contact Vibration Measurement and Analysis System for Electronic Board Testing – 141
ACCESS CONTROL
An Event-Based Framework For ServiceOriented Computing – 165
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Managing the Unexpected – 195
ACCURACY
Wind Prediction Accuracy for Air Traffic
Management
Decision
Support
Tools – 73
ACID RAIN
Acid Rain Program – 64
ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION
An Electromagnetic/Acoustic Propagation Experiment – 184
ACOUSTICS
Initial Evaluation of Maximum Likelihood
Continuity Mapping for Low Bit Rate Articulatory Coding of VQ Code Sequences – 117
ACTIVATION
Cellular
Mechanisms
Regulating
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator
in Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer:
A Novel Therapeutic Target – 93
ACTIVE CONTROL
Twenty-one Steps to Improve Cyber Security of SCADA Networks – 111
ACTUATORS
A MEMS Micro-Translation Stage with
Long Linear Translation – 50
ADAPTATION
Multidimensional Numerical Modeling of
Surges Over Initially Dry Land – 181
AEROSOLS
Development of On-Line Instrumentation
and Techniques to Detect and Measure
Particulates – 66
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
Space Biotechnology and Commercial
Applications University of Florida – 40
ADAPTIVE CONTROL
Adaptive Bio-Inspired Wireless Network
Routing for Planetary Surface Exploration – 214
AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS
LISA: The Laser Interferometer Space
Antenna – 71
Robust Adaptive Control of UCAVs – 14
Solar Sail Material Performance Property
Response to Space Environmental Effects – 21
Robust Control, Feedback and Learning:
Data-Driven Methods – 17
VC Dimension of Bounded Margin Classifiers – 118
ADHESION
Cell Adhesion-Linked Protein Tyrosine
Phosphatases and Breast Cancer Metastasis – 104
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Inspections of Previously Monitored
Rubble-Mound Coastal Structures – 61
AEROACOUSTICS
Benchmark Solutions for Computational
Aeroacoustics (CAA) Code Validation – 3
Noise Benefits of Increased Fan Bypass
Nozzle Area – 1
AEROCAPTURE
NASA Development
Technologies – 25
of
Aerocapture
AERODYNAMIC LOADS
Performance and Flowfield Measurements on a 10-inch Ducted Rotor VTOL
UAV – 10
Uncertainties and Relaxation of Boundary Conditions of Aeroelastic Panels – 183
AEROSPACE SAFETY
Putting Patience to the Test – 195
AEROSPACE SYSTEMS
Occupational Survey Report AFSC
2M0X1 Missile and Space Systems Electronic Maintenance – 12
Space Biotechnology and Commercial
Applications University of Florida – 40
AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
Chemistry Modeling for Aerothermodynamics and TPS – 53
AFRICA
Genetic and Hormonal Risk Factors for
Prostate Cancer in African American
Men – 100
Identification and Validation of Reference
Events Within the Area Regionally Monitored by IMS Stations in Asia and North
Africa – 71
AGRICULTURE
Space Biotechnology and Commercial
Applications University of Florida – 40
AIR POLLUTION
Analysis of HMG Policies and Regulations Affecting Electrical Vehicles – 62
CO2 Capture by Absorption with Potassium Carbonate – 63
AERODYNAMICS
Historical Overview of Research on LiftGenerated Vortex Wakes – 2
Compressed Natural Gas versus Diesel,
Results of Vehicle Testing at MISR
Lab – 63
On the Use of Parmetric-CAD Systems
and Cartesian Methods for Aerodynamic
Design – 126
Credit Trading and Power: Issues and
Opportunities – 65
AEROELASTICITY
Uncertainties and Relaxation of Boundary Conditions of Aeroelastic Panels – 183
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
A Multi-Wavelength Study of the X-Ray
Sources in the NGC 5018 – 206
AERONAUTICS
An Experience with the Neural Network
for Auto-Landing System of an Aircraft – 148
High Resolution Spectroscopy of AGN in
Outburst: The Gaseous Nuclear Environment and the WIGM – 210
U.S. Centennial of Flight Commision:
Born of Dreams - Inspired by Freedom – 215
Gulfwide Emission Inventory Study for
the Regional Haze and Ozone Modeling
Efforts – 64
Health Impacts of Kathmandu’s Air Pollution – 63
Vehicle Emissions and Performance
Testing Center Business Plan – 59
AIR QUALITY
Acid Rain Program – 64
Gulfwide Emission Inventory Study for
the Regional Haze and Ozone Modeling
Efforts – 64
A-1
Health Impacts of Kathmandu’s Air Pollution – 63
Benchmark Solutions for Computational
Aeroacoustics (CAA) Code Validation – 3
Phase III: Laboratory Investigation of
Portable Instruments for Submarine Air
Monitoring – 56
Noise Benefits of Increased Fan Bypass
Nozzle Area – 1
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS (PERSONNEL)
A Vision of the Future Air Traffic Control
System – 5
AIRCRAFT PILOTS
Predicting Human Error in Air Traffic
Control Decision Support Tools and Free
Flight Concepts – 108
Noise Mitigation Controller Tools – 4
AIRCRAFT SAFETY
Incorporation of EGPWS in the NASA
Ames Research Center 747-400 Flight
Simulator – 5
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
A Simple Two Aircraft Conflict Resolution
Algorithm – 8
A Vision of the Future Air Traffic Control
System – 5
Air Traffic Control Decision Support Tools
for Noise Mitigation – 5
Development and Validation of the Controller Acceptance Rating Scale (CARS):
Results of Empirical Research – 6
NASA Ames ATM Research – 8
Next Generation CTAS Tools – 6
Overview of CTAS Research and Development at NASA Ames Research Center – 18
Predicting Human Error in Air Traffic
Control Decision Support Tools and Free
Flight Concepts – 108
Wind Prediction Accuracy for Air Traffic
Management
Decision
Support
Tools – 73
AIR TRANSPORTATION
Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data:
U.S. Air Carrier Operations, Calendar
Year 2000 – 2
NASA Ames ATM Research – 8
The Development of the Multi-Center
Traffic Management Advisor (MCTMA):
Traffic Flow Management Research in a
Multi-Facility Environment – 4
AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT
Novel Airborne Video Sensors. SuperResolution Multi-Camera Panoramic Imaging System for UAVs – 13
AIRBORNE/SPACEBORNE COMPUTERS
In-Flight Assessment of a Pursuit Guidance Display Format for Manually Flown
Precision Instrument Approaches – 9
AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS
Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data:
U.S. Air Carrier Operations, Calendar
Year 2000 – 2
AIRCRAFT APPROACH SPACING
Aircraft Spacings that Produce a VortexFree Region Below Flight Formation – 16
AIRCRAFT CONTROL
A Simple Two Aircraft Conflict Resolution
Algorithm – 8
AIRCRAFT NOISE
Air Traffic Control Decision Support Tools
for Noise Mitigation – 5
A-2
AIRFOIL PROFILES
Benchmark Solutions for Computational
Aeroacoustics (CAA) Code Validation – 3
A Simple Two Aircraft Conflict Resolution
Algorithm – 8
Algorithm for Merging Hyperellipsoidal
Clusters – 111
An Algorithm For Linear Bi-level Programming Problems – 119
Analysis Of The Iterated Probabilistic
Weighted k-Nearest Neighbor Method: A
New Distance-Based Algorithm – 173
Bayesian Network Structural Learning
From Data: An Algorithms Comparison – 147
Consolidated Tree Construction Algorithm: Structurally Steady Trees – 199
Dependability: A Forgotten Aspect In
Location-Based Services – 133
AIRFOILS
Benchmark Solutions for Computational
Aeroacoustics (CAA) Code Validation – 3
Detecting Attacks in Computer Networks – 47
AIRLINE OPERATIONS
Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data:
U.S. Air Carrier Operations, Calendar
Year 2000 – 2
Fast Rates for Support Vector Machines – 117
AIRPORT SECURITY
General Aviation Security: Increased
Federal Oversight Is Needed, but Continued Partnership with the Private Sector
Is Critical to Long-Term Success – 8
AIRPORTS
Next Generation CTAS Tools – 6
AIRSPACE
En route Descent Advisor Concept for
Efficient Arrival Metering Conformance – 4
Interim Strategies for Flying UAVs in the
U.S. National Airspace System – 15
AIRSPEED
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Contributions
to Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Missions for Expeditionary
Operations – 12
ALASKA
Energy
Information
house – 196
Clearing-
ALGAE
Calcium Carbonate Production by Coccolithophorid Algae in Long Term, Carbon Dioxide Sequestration – 67
ALGORITHMS
A Comparison Between The Proportional
Keen Approximator And The Neural Networks Learning Methods – 173
A Comparison of Experimental EPMA
Data and Monte Carlo Simulations – 185
A Logical and Probabilistic Technique for
Classification and Dimensionality Reduction for Objects with Categorical
Data – 176
A Semi-Automatic Bayesian Algorithm for
Ontology Learning – 112
Evolvable Hardware for Space Applications – 22
Immunity-Based Aircraft Fault Detection
System – 16
Information Access Via Topic Hierarchies
And Thematic Annotations From Document Collections – 150
Learning Bayesian Networks with Largest Chain Graphs – 119
Learning with
rithm – 116
the
Ratchet
Algo-
Mining Scientific Results Through The
Combined Use Of Clustering And Linear
Programming Techniques – 174
Mining Sequential Patterns with Regular
Expression Constraints Using Sequential
Pattern Tree – 149
Mining the Relationship in the Form of
Predisposing Factor and Co-Incident in
Time Series Data Set by Using the Combination of Some Existing Ideas with a
New Idea from the Fact in The Chemical
Reaction – 151
Mining the Relationships in the Form of
the Predisposing Factors and CoIncident Factors Among Numerical Dynamic Attributes in Time Series Data Set
by Using the Combination of Some Existing Techniques – 147
Modeling Web Services Interoperability – 135
New Energetic Selection Principle in Differential Evolution – 112
New Forcefields and Algorithms for Computational Protein Design – 98
NPSAT1 Magnetic Attitude Control System Algorithm Verification, Validation,
and Air-Bearing Tests – 19
On Ontology Matching Problems (For
Building a Corporate Semantic Web in a
Multi-Communities Organization) – 168
Ozone Profiles and Tropospheric Ozone
from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment – 69
Polynomial-Time Decomposition Algorithms
for
Support
Vector
Machines – 115
Robust, Generalized, Quick and Efficient
Agglomerative Clustering – 149
Selecting a Restoration Technique to
Minimize OCR Error – 116
Simple Classifiers – 114
Stability of Unstable Learning Algorithms – 116
Towards Visual Data Mining – 153
Training
a
Hard – 112
Sigmoidal
Node
is
ANGLE OF ATTACK
Performance and Flowfield Measurements on a 10-inch Ducted Rotor VTOL
UAV – 10
APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS (COMPUTERS)
BulB: Visualizing Bulletin Board Activity – 135
ANIMALS
Development of Methods for the RealTime and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
of
the
Eye – 185
Case-Based Approach for Efficient Redesign of Business Process – 123
ANIONS
Protonated Arenes as Solid Proton Conducting Electrolytes – 35
ANOMALIES
Anomaly Detection Enhanced Classification in Computer Intrusion Detection – 118
Turning the Web Into an Effective Knowledge Repository – 155
Classification Framework for Anomaly
Detection – 112
Using Block-local Atomicity to Detect
Stale-value Concurrency Errors – 137
ANTENNA ARRAYS
High-Order Hybrid Finite Element Technology for Simulation of Large-Scale Array Antennas Embedded in Inhomogeneous Media – 51
ALLOCATIONS
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis for
US Army Recruiting Input Allocation – 182
ALUMINUM ALLOYS
Development of Ultra-Fine Grained Ti
and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Equal Channel
Angular Extrusion – 38
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Baseline Testing of Ultracapacitors for
the Next Generation Launch Technology
(NGLT) Project – 41
AMMUNITION
Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Blind Grid Scoring Record
Number 183 – 56
Unexploded Ordnance: A Critical Review
of Risk Assessment Methods – 181
AMORPHOUS MATERIALS
Fluorescent Approaches
to
High
Throughput Crystallography – 30
High Silicate Crystalline-to-Amorphous
Ratios in Comets C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) and
Hale-Bopp – 213
AMPLIFIERS
Low Noise Amplifiers Based on Lattice
Engineered Substrates – 36
ANALOGIES
Comparison of Human and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) Judgements of
Pairwise Document Similarities for a
News Corpus – 139
Visualizing Software Project Analogies
To Support Cost Estimation – 152
ANALOGS
Antineoplastic
Efficacy
of
Novel
Polyamine Analogues in Human Breast
Cancer – 93
ANATOMY
Cellular
Mechanisms
Regulating
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator
in Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer:
A Novel Therapeutic Target – 93
Proceedings of the 2002 Antenna Applications Symposium - Volume 1 – 51
Proceedings of the 2002 Antenna Applications Symposium - Volume 2 – 51
Smart Skin Antenna Arrmy for 8-12
GHz – 45
ANTHROPOMETRY
Adaptive Techniques for the Human
Faces Detection – 171
Face Pattern Detection – 108
ANTIBODIES
The Role of Myoepithelial Maspin in
Breast Carcinoma Progression, Diagnosis, and Screening – 88
Treatment of Breast Cancer With Antibodies Against DR4 and DR5 Receptors
in
Combination
With
Chemotherapy – 81
Dependability: A Forgotten Aspect In
Location-Based Services – 133
Designing a Web-Based Application
Framework – 135
Efficient Multicast E-Services Over APPCAST; by Exploiting Network Topology
and Broadcast Media Properties – 129
Flow-Oriented Deployment of a MultiAgent Population for Dynamic Workflow
Enactment – 128
Heterogeneous Integration Of Services
Into An Open, Standardized Web Service: A Web Service-based CSCW/L System – 133
Model-Based Collaborative Filtering for
Team Building Support – 125
Multi-Agent Systems and the Semantic
Web: The SemantiCore Agent-Based Abstraction Layer – 133
Space Flight Software Development
Software for Intelligent System Health
Management – 121
APPROXIMATION
A Comparison Between The Proportional
Keen Approximator And The Neural Networks Learning Methods – 173
ARCHITECTURE (COMPUTERS)
A Cooperative Learning Multi-Agent System – 131
A Model Of Agent Ontologies For B2C
e-Commerce – 166
A Multi-Server Approach For Distributed
Collaborative Knowledge Spaces – 161
A Network Component Architecture for
Collaboration in Mobile Settings – 128
ANTIGENS
Targeting Breast Cancer by Active Immunotherapy: Chemical Synthesis of Multiantigenic Unimolecular Antitumor Vaccines – 105
A P2P-Based Infrastructure For VirtualEnterprise’s Supply-Chain Management – 167
APOPTOSIS
Expression of Metabolic and Apoptotic
Genes During Treatment With Chemopreventive Agents for Breast Cancer – 103
A Recorded State Mechanism For Protecting Mobile Agents Against Malicious
Hosts – 158
A Pattern for Interconnecting Distributed
Components – 134
Agent-Oriented Design of E-Commerce
System Architecture – 155
Induction of Apoptosis by Targeting the
Microtubule Network: Using HIV Tat as a
Model System – 99
An Agent Architecture for Steel Product
Business Network – 131
Ph.D. Post-Doctoral Training Program in
Breast Cancer Research – 104
BDI Agents with Fuzzy Associative
Memory for Vessel Berthing in Container
Ports – 149
The Role of GADD34 (Growth Arrest and
DNA Damage-Inducible Protein) in
Regulating Apoptosis, Proliferation, and
Protein Synthesis in Human Breast Cancer Cells – 89
TRAIL: A Novel Therapeutic Agent for
Prostate Cancer – 91
Composition of Web Services in the ICS
Architecture – 166
Extensible Hardware Architecture for Mobile Robots – 120
GridBlocks: Web Portal and Client for
Distributed Computing – 121
A-3
Performance Evaluation of Two Emerging Media Processors: VIRAM and Imagine – 111
Semantic Support for Automated Negotiation with Alliances – 154
Semantic-Web Technology: Applications
at NASA – 138
Turning the Web Into an Effective Knowledge Repository – 155
Unsupervised Artificial Neural Networks
for Clustering of Document Collections – 151
Using Agent Platforms For Service Composition – 158
ARID LANDS
Multidimensional Numerical Modeling of
Surges Over Initially Dry Land – 181
ARMED FORCES (UNITED STATES)
Occupational Survey Report, AFSC
2A7X3, Aircraft Structural Maintenance – 12
Occupational Survey Report AFSC
2M0X1 Missile and Space Systems Electronic Maintenance – 12
ARRAYS
Undersampling Correction
Detector-Based Satellite
eters – 56
for Array
Spectrom-
ARRHYTHMIA
A Wireless Application that Monitors
ECG Signals – 43
ARRIVALS
En route Descent Advisor Concept for
Efficient Arrival Metering Conformance – 4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Agent Programming Language with Incomplete
Knowledge:
AgentSpeak(I) – 132
Application Of Neural Networks For Prior
Appraisal Of Structural Funds Project
Proposals – 173
Artificial Intelligence Representations of
Multi-Model Based Controllers – 119
Cognitive Reasoning In Intelligent Medical Information Systems – 201
ICEIS 2004: Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems – 170
Intelligent Systems: Shaping the Future
of Aeronautics and Space Exploration – 120
Peer-to-Peer Human-Robot Interaction
for Space Exploration – 214
ProMAIS: A Multi-Agent Model For Production Information Systems – 122
The Data Flow and Distributed Calculations Intelligence Information Technology
for Decision Support System in Real
Time – 171
The Development of a Knowledge System for ISO 9001 Quality Management – 148
A-4
Toolkits Supporting Open Innovation In
e-Government – 166
Unsupervised Artificial Neural Networks
for Clustering of Document Collections – 151
ASBESTOS
Discussion of Asbestos Detection Techniques for Air and Soil – 65
ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION
Comparison of Parameterized Cloud
Variability to ARM Data – 74
ATOMIC CLOCKS
Development of New RB Clocks in Observatoire De Neuchatel – 42
End
Resonances
Clocks – 37
for
Atomic
ASCENT
Rapid Ascent Simulation at NASAMSFC – 19
Using Laser Diode Instabilities for ChipScale
Stable
Frequency
References – 57
ASIA
Identification and Validation of Reference
Events Within the Area Regionally Monitored by IMS Stations in Asia and North
Africa – 71
ATOMS
Neutron Diffraction Studies of the Atomic
Vibrations of Bulk and Surface Atoms of
Nanocrystalline SiC – 185
ASSESSMENTS
Conserving the Future Force Fighting
Strength: Findings from the Army Medical Department Transformation Workshops, 2002 – 106
Risk Assessment of the Naval Postgraduate School Gigabit Network – 146
Unexploded Ordnance: A Critical Review
of Risk Assessment Methods – 181
ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY
BDI Agents with Fuzzy Associative
Memory for Vessel Berthing in Container
Ports – 149
ASTHMA
Accession Medical Standards Analysis
and Research Activity (AMSARA): 2003
Annual Report – 78
ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES
Time and Frequency Activities at the U.S.
Naval Observatory – 209
ASTRONOMICAL SPECTROSCOPY
The AstroBiology Explorer (ABE) Mission
Concept – 110
ASTROPHYSICS
Particle Acceleration and Magnetic Field
Generation in Electron-Positron Relativistic Shocks – 211
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and
Infrared Astrophysics with Spitzer – 212
ASYMPTOTES
Learning with
rithm – 116
the
Ratchet
Algo-
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
Infrared Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy
of Hydrocarbon Ions and Clusters in Fast
Ion Beams – 31
Ozone Profiles and Tropospheric Ozone
from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment – 69
ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS
Factors Affecting the Concentration of
Outdoor Particles Indoors (COPI): Identification of Data Needs and Existing
Data – 69
ATMOSPHERIC MODELS
SAO Participation in the GOME and
SCIAMACHY Satellite Instrument Programs – 72
ATTITUDE CONTROL
NPSAT1 Magnetic Attitude Control System Algorithm Verification, Validation,
and Air-Bearing Tests – 19
ATTITUDE (INCLINATION)
In-Flight Assessment of a Pursuit Guidance Display Format for Manually Flown
Precision Instrument Approaches – 9
AUGMENTATION
Modeling Hypervelocity Impact for Kill
Enhancement of Ballistic Missile Warheads – 23
AUTOMATIC CONTROL
A Connexionist Approach for Case
Based Reasoning – 152
A Vision of the Future Air Traffic Control
System – 5
An Experience with the Neural Network
for Auto-Landing System of an Aircraft – 148
Automatic Integration of Inter-Enterprise
Processes with Hierarchical Broker
Framework – 159
En route Descent Advisor Concept for
Efficient Arrival Metering Conformance – 4
Semantic Support for Automated Negotiation with Alliances – 154
AUTOMATION
E-Enterprise: Awareness and Implementation of Transparent Factory in South
East Asia – 193
AUTONOMY
A Qualitative Model of the Indebtedness
for the Spanish Autonomous Regions – 151
Agent Based Decentralized Workflow
Enactment: Compilation And Transformation Of Workflow Models – 127
Demonstrating Robotic Autonomy in
NASA’s
Intelligent
Systems
Project – 172
Dynamic Multi-Agent Based Variety Formation And Steering In Mass Customization – 198
Peer-to-Peer Network Simulation – 156
Towards an Agent-Based and ContextOriented Approach – 137
AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE
Neural Network and Time Series as Tools
for Sales Forecasting – 175
BACKPROPAGATION (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)
Neural Network and Time Series as Tools
for Sales Forecasting – 175
BIRTH
Environmental Exposures at Birth and at
Menarche and Risk of Breast Cancer – 95
BLAZARS
High Resolution Spectroscopy of AGN in
Outburst: The Gaseous Nuclear Environment and the WIGM – 210
BALLISTIC MISSILES
Modeling Hypervelocity Impact for Kill
Enhancement of Ballistic Missile Warheads – 23
BLOOD VESSELS
Monitoring
Cancer
Oxygenation
Changes Induced by Ultrasound – 104
BALLUTES
Ball Designs Drag Device for Future
Moon-Mars Exploration – 21
BLOOD
Folate and Breast Cancer: Role of Intake, Blood Levels, and Metabolic Gene
Polymorphisms – 101
BANDWIDTH
Efficient Multicast E-Services Over APPCAST; by Exploiting Network Topology
and Broadcast Media Properties – 129
BO-105 HELICOPTER
Assessment of Comprehensive Analysis
Calculation of Structural Loads on Rotors – 10
Strategic Negotiation Of Bandwidth In
Cooperative Networks – 27
BOILERS
Advanced Flue Gas Conditioning as a
Retrofit Upgrade to Enhance PM Collection from Coal-Fired Electric Utility Boilers – 65
BAYES THEOREM
A Semi-Automatic Bayesian Algorithm for
Ontology Learning – 112
Bayesian Network Classifiers Versus
K-NN Classifier Using Sequential Feature Selection – 182
Bayesian Network Structural Learning
From Data: An Algorithms Comparison – 147
Learning Bayesian Networks with Largest Chain Graphs – 119
BELIEF NETWORKS
Bayesian Network Classifiers Versus
K-NN Classifier Using Sequential Feature Selection – 182
BDI Agents with Fuzzy Associative
Memory for Vessel Berthing in Container
Ports – 149
BENDING MOMENTS
Assessment of Comprehensive Analysis
Calculation of Structural Loads on Rotors – 10
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
Earth’s Early Biosphere and the Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle – 70
BIOINSTRUMENTATION
A Wireless Application that Monitors
ECG Signals – 43
BIOSPHERE
Earth’s Early Biosphere and the Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle – 70
BIOSYNTHESIS
Hyaluronan Biosynthesis in Prostate
Carcinoma – 80
Synthesis of Estrogen Receptor Beta Selective 17-Substituted Estradiols for the
Treatment of Prostate Cancer – 88
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Space Biotechnology and Commercial
Applications University of Florida – 40
Cell Adhesion-Linked Protein Tyrosine
Phosphatases and Breast Cancer Metastasis – 104
Characterization of IBC-1, a Novel Putative Breast Cancer Prognostic and Survival Factor – 83
Computerized Analysis and Detection of
Missed Cancer in Screening Mammogram – 105
CRE Activation in Antiestrogen Resistance – 101
Cripto: A Target for Breast Cancer Treatment – 92
Downregulation of Breast Cancer Gene
Expression
by
Small
Molecule
Drugs – 81
Dynamics of Estrogen Receptor Transcription Complex Assembly in Breast
Cancer – 105
EGFR Pathway Modulation in Ductal
Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 106
Electrical Impedance Tomography of
Breast Cancer – 102
BOLTZMANN-VLASOV EQUATION
Nonlinear Longitudinal Waves in High
Energy Stored Beams – 184
Environmental Exposures at Birth and at
Menarche and Risk of Breast Cancer – 95
BONDING
Experimental Investigation of Bond-Slip
Relationship between Fiber Reinforced
Polymers (FRP) Bars and Concrete – 33
Estrogen and Breast Cancer – 98
BORANES
Protonated Arenes as Solid Proton Conducting Electrolytes – 35
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Uncertainties and Relaxation of Boundary Conditions of Aeroelastic Panels – 183
BOUNDARY LAYERS
Comparison of Parameterized Cloud
Variability to ARM Data – 74
Status of Advanced Boundary Layer
Code Development for SRM Nozzle Ablation Including Two Phase Flow Effects – 27
BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
Uncertainties and Relaxation of Boundary Conditions of Aeroelastic Panels – 183
BREAKWATERS
Inspections of Previously Monitored
Rubble-Mound Coastal Structures – 61
BREAST
Antineoplastic
Efficacy
of
Novel
Polyamine Analogues in Human Breast
Cancer – 93
Benign Breast Disease: Toward Molecular Prediction of Breast Cancer
Risk – 96
Breast Cancer Training Program – 89
Can Gene Expression Pattern Analysis
Predict Recurrence in Node-Negative
Breast Cancer – 77
Exploring Women’s Perceptions of Their
Risk of Developing Breast Cancer – 95
Expression of Metabolic and Apoptotic
Genes During Treatment With Chemopreventive Agents for Breast Cancer – 103
Folate and Breast Cancer: Role of Intake, Blood Levels, and Metabolic Gene
Polymorphisms – 101
Improving Breast Cancer Research
Through Automated Matching of Patients
to Clinical Trials – 94
Inherited Susceptibility to Breast Cancer
in Healthy Women: Mutation in Breast
Cancer Genes, Immune Surveillance,
and Psychological Distress – 84
Investigating the Role of Nuclear Clustering (nCLU) in Lethality and Genomic
Instability in Paclitaxel (taxol) - Treated
Human Breast Cancer Cells – 81
Mechanism of Action of a Novel Analog
of Vitamin D3 1 Alpha-hydroxy-24-ethyl
Cholecalciferol (D5) in Normal and
Transformed Human Breast Epithelial
Cells – 80
Microarray Technology to Study the Role
of Genetic Polymorphisms in Breast
Cancer Risk – 79
Molecular Basis for the Toxicity of Schweinfurthins
to
Breast
Cancer
Cells – 83
Organic Isothiocyanates: Dietary Modulators of Doxorubicin Resistance in
Breast Cancer – 91
Ph.D. Post-Doctoral Training Program in
Breast Cancer Research – 104
A-5
Predicted Drug Concentration Distribution Using a Validated Finite Element
Model in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 79
CALCIUM CARBONATES
Calcium Carbonate Production by Coccolithophorid Algae in Long Term, Carbon Dioxide Sequestration – 67
Quality of Breast Cancer Care: The Role
of Hispanic Ethnicity, Language, and Socioeconomic Position – 93
CALCIUM
Two Dimensional Multiwavelength Fluorescence Spectra of Dipicolinic Acid and
Calcium Dipicolinate – 186
Role of PTPase LAR in EGF Receptor in
the Mammary Gland – 94
Role of the Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ACK2 in EGF Receptor Degradation – 78
Targeted Disruption of Tumor-Derived
Chemokine Synthesis and Reversal of
Tumor-Induced
Immune
Suppression – 91
Targeted Gene Therapy for Breast Cancer – 89
Targeting Breast Cancer by Active Immunotherapy: Chemical Synthesis of Multiantigenic Unimolecular Antitumor Vaccines – 105
The Role of GADD34 (Growth Arrest and
DNA Damage-Inducible Protein) in
Regulating Apoptosis, Proliferation, and
Protein Synthesis in Human Breast Cancer Cells – 89
CALCULUS
Resource Sharing and Load Balancing
Based on Agent Mobility – 130
CALIBRATING
Meteor44 Video
etry – 206
Meteor
CAMERAS
Meteor44 Video
etry – 206
Meteor
Photom-
Photom-
Novel Airborne Video Sensors. SuperResolution Multi-Camera Panoramic Imaging System for UAVs – 13
CANCER
An Innovative Strategy for the Prevention
and Treatment of Metastatic Prostate
Cancer: Modified Tetracycline as Chemotherapeutics – 76
The Role of Myoepithelial Maspin in
Breast Carcinoma Progression, Diagnosis, and Screening – 88
Analysis of PSA-Specific T-Cell Responses of Prostate Cancer Patients
Given a PSA-Based Vaccine on a Clinical Trial – 100
Treatment of Breast Cancer With Antibodies Against DR4 and DR5 Receptors
in
Combination
With
Chemotherapy – 81
Antineoplastic
Efficacy
of
Novel
Polyamine Analogues in Human Breast
Cancer – 93
BRIGHTNESS
Precise Localization of the Soft Gamma
Repeater SGR 1627-41 with Chandra
and the Anomalous X-Ray Pulsar AXP
1E1841-045 with Chandra – 207
Arginase: A Novel Proliferative Determinant in Prostate Cancer – 90
Benign Breast Disease: Toward Molecular Prediction of Breast Cancer
Risk – 96
BROADBAND
Noise Benefits of Increased Fan Bypass
Nozzle Area – 1
Biological Basis for Chemoprevention of
Ovarian Cancer – 97
BROADCASTING
Efficient Multicast E-Services Over APPCAST; by Exploiting Network Topology
and Broadcast Media Properties – 129
Can Gene Expression Pattern Analysis
Predict Recurrence in Node-Negative
Breast Cancer – 77
BUOYS
Hose Elements for Buoy Moorings: Design, Fabrication and Mechanical Properties – 60
C BAND
Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer C and
X Band Microwave Observations During
SMEX03 – 54
C-135 AIRCRAFT
Tanker Force Structure: Recapitalization
of the KC-135 – 13
CALCIFEROL
Mechanism of Action of a Novel Analog
of Vitamin D3 1 Alpha-hydroxy-24-ethyl
Cholecalciferol (D5) in Normal and
Transformed Human Breast Epithelial
Cells – 80
Vitamin D Treatment of Prostate Cancer:
The Inhibitory Role of IGFBP-3 – 96
A-6
Breast Cancer Training Program – 89
Caveolin-1 Modulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Advanced Prostate Cancer – 96
Cell Adhesion-Linked Protein Tyrosine
Phosphatases and Breast Cancer Metastasis – 104
Cellular
Mechanisms
Regulating
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator
in Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer:
A Novel Therapeutic Target – 93
Computerized Analysis and Detection of
Missed Cancer in Screening Mammogram – 105
CRE Activation in Antiestrogen Resistance – 101
Cripto: A Target for Breast Cancer Treatment – 92
Downregulation of Breast Cancer Gene
Expression
by
Small
Molecule
Drugs – 81
Dynamics of Estrogen Receptor Transcription Complex Assembly in Breast
Cancer – 105
Effect of Dietary Intervention on Prostate
Tumor
Development
in
Tramp
Mice – 84
EGFR Pathway Modulation in Ductal
Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 106
Eicosanoid Regulation of Prostate Cancer Progression: Disruption of Hemidesmosomes and Collaboration in Tumor
Invasive Growth – 86
Electrical Impedance Tomography of
Breast Cancer – 102
Environmental Exposures at Birth and at
Menarche and Risk of Breast Cancer – 95
Estrogen and Breast Cancer – 98
Estrogen Metabolism and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study – 85
Exploiting the Innate Antitumor Activity of
Human Gamma-Delta T-Cells for the
Treatment of Prostate Cancer – 82
Exploring Women’s Perceptions of Their
Risk of Developing Breast Cancer – 95
Expression of Metabolic and Apoptotic
Genes During Treatment With Chemopreventive Agents for Breast Cancer – 103
Folate and Breast Cancer: Role of Intake, Blood Levels, and Metabolic Gene
Polymorphisms – 101
Genetic and Hormonal Risk Factors for
Prostate Cancer in African American
Men – 100
Genetic Variation in the HSD3B2 Gene
and Prostate Cancer – 88
Hyaluronan Biosynthesis in Prostate
Carcinoma – 80
Improving Breast Cancer Research
Through Automated Matching of Patients
to Clinical Trials – 94
Characterization of IBC-1, a Novel Putative Breast Cancer Prognostic and Survival Factor – 83
Increasing Sustained Participation in
Free Mass Cancer Screening Clinics – 84
Characterization of SIRPs in Prostate
Cancer Cells – 82
Inherited Susceptibility to Breast Cancer
in Healthy Women: Mutation in Breast
Cancer Genes, Immune Surveillance,
and Psychological Distress – 84
Cognitive Performance Quality of Life
and Psychosocial Adjustment Among
Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation
Therapy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer – 97
Initiating Events in Prostate Cancer: The
Role of Somatic activation of BetaCatenin – 92
Investigating the Role of Nuclear Clustering (nCLU) in Lethality and Genomic
Instability in Paclitaxel (taxol) - Treated
Human Breast Cancer Cells – 81
Targeted Disruption of Tumor-Derived
Chemokine Synthesis and Reversal of
Tumor-Induced
Immune
Suppression – 91
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Solvent Effects on Cesium Complexation
with Crown Ethers from Liquid to Supercritical Fluids – 29
Mechanism of Action of a Novel Analog
of Vitamin D3 1 Alpha-hydroxy-24-ethyl
Cholecalciferol (D5) in Normal and
Transformed Human Breast Epithelial
Cells – 80
Targeted Gene Therapy for Breast Cancer – 89
CARBON
Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership – 66
Mechanisms of VEGF Availability in
Prostate Cancer – 99
Microarray Technology to Study the Role
of Genetic Polymorphisms in Breast
Cancer Risk – 79
Molecular Basis for the Toxicity of Schweinfurthins
to
Breast
Cancer
Cells – 83
Molecular Determinants of Prostate Cancer
Progression
Across
RaceEthnicity – 106
Targeting Breast Cancer by Active Immunotherapy: Chemical Synthesis of Multiantigenic Unimolecular Antitumor Vaccines – 105
The Role of GADD34 (Growth Arrest and
DNA Damage-Inducible Protein) in
Regulating Apoptosis, Proliferation, and
Protein Synthesis in Human Breast Cancer Cells – 89
The Role of Myoepithelial Maspin in
Breast Carcinoma Progression, Diagnosis, and Screening – 88
TMEFF2: A Novel Gene Expressed Selectively in Androgen-Responsive Prostate Cancers – 102
Monitoring
Cancer
Oxygenation
Changes Induced by Ultrasound – 104
TRAIL: A Novel Therapeutic Agent for
Prostate Cancer – 91
Organic Isothiocyanates: Dietary Modulators of Doxorubicin Resistance in
Breast Cancer – 91
Treatment Decisions in Localized Prostate Cancer: Patient Partner and Physician – 90
Pharmacists as Health Educators and
Risk Communicators in the Prevention of
Prostate Cancer – 85
Treatment of Breast Cancer With Antibodies Against DR4 and DR5 Receptors
in
Combination
With
Chemotherapy – 81
Ph.D. Post-Doctoral Training Program in
Breast Cancer Research – 104
Predicted Drug Concentration Distribution Using a Validated Finite Element
Model in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 79
Prostate Cancer Mortality in Puerto
Rican Men: The Effect of Body Habitus
and Physical Activity – 99
Quality of Breast Cancer Care: The Role
of Hispanic Ethnicity, Language, and Socioeconomic Position – 93
Quantifying the Effects of Preventive
Foods on the Metabolism of a Prostate
Carcinogen in Humans and in Prostate
Cells Grown in Culture – 98
Regulation of Sphingosine Kinase in
Prostate Cancer Cells – 90
Regulatory Mechanism of EGFRMediated Oncogenic Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells – 100
Role of IKKs and Transcription Factor
NF-kB in Prostate Tumorigenesis – 87
Role of PTPase LAR in EGF Receptor in
the Mammary Gland – 94
Role of the Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ACK2 in EGF Receptor Degradation – 78
Structure/Function Studies of the Androgen
Receptor
DNA-Binding
Region – 77
Synthesis of Estrogen Receptor Beta Selective 17-Substituted Estradiols for the
Treatment of Prostate Cancer – 88
Vitamin D Treatment of Prostate Cancer:
The Inhibitory Role of IGFBP-3 – 96
CAPILLARY PUMPED LOOPS
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Cooperative Enterprise – 59
CARBON CYCLE
Earth’s Early Biosphere and the Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle – 70
CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION
Near-Surface Monitoring Strategies for
Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Verification – 68
CARBON DIOXIDE
Allison Unit CO(2)-ECBM Pilot: A Reservoir Modeling Study – 70
Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership – 66
Calcium Carbonate Production by Coccolithophorid Algae in Long Term, Carbon Dioxide Sequestration – 67
CO2 Capture by Absorption with Potassium Carbonate – 63
Midcontinent Interactive Digital Carbon
Atlas and Relational Database (MIDCARB) – 68
USAID Programs that Respond to Climate Change. Background Paper – 71
CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS
Experimental Investigation of Bond-Slip
Relationship between Fiber Reinforced
Polymers (FRP) Bars and Concrete – 33
Carbon Sequestration Surface Mine
Lands – 66
Infrared Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy
of Hydrocarbon Ions and Clusters in Fast
Ion Beams – 31
CARCINOGENS
Basis of Persistent Microenvironment
Perturbation in Irradiated Human Mammary Epithelial Cells – 103
Quantifying the Effects of Preventive
Foods on the Metabolism of a Prostate
Carcinogen in Humans and in Prostate
Cells Grown in Culture – 98
Regulatory Mechanism of EGFRMediated Oncogenic Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells – 100
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Health Impacts of Kathmandu’s Air Pollution – 63
CARGO
Dual-Use Technology Program for a
Passenger-Cargo Rotorcraft – 7
CATALOGS (PUBLICATIONS)
A Hybrid Collaborative Recommender
System Based on User Profiles – 162
CAVITIES
Infrared Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy
of Hydrocarbon Ions and Clusters in Fast
Ion Beams – 31
CELLS (BIOLOGY)
Development of a Rapid and Sensitive
Test for the Detection of Prions in Cultured Cells – 92
CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES
Probabilistic Analysis of a SiC/SiC Ceramic
Matrix
Composite
Turbine
Vane – 33
CERAMICS
Evolution of In-Situ Generated Reinforcement Precipitates in Metal Matrix
Composites – 32
CETANE
Effect of Fuel Cetane Quality on LightDuty Diesel Performance – 58
CHARGE INJECTION DEVICES
Anomaly Detection Enhanced Classification in Computer Intrusion Detection – 118
CHARGED PARTICLES
Momentum Flux Measurements Using
an Impact Thrust Stand – 27
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Two Dimensional Multiwavelength Fluorescence Spectra of Dipicolinic Acid and
Calcium Dipicolinate – 186
A-7
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Practical Application of KDD Techniques
to an Industrial Process – 30
CHEMICAL PROPULSION
Advanced
Chemical
Study – 40
Propulsion
In-Space Chemical Propulsion System
Model – 26
Modeling of Spacecraft Advanced
Chemical Propulsion Systems – 26
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Chemistry Modeling for Aerothermodynamics and TPS – 53
Evolution of In-Situ Generated Reinforcement Precipitates in Metal Matrix
Composites – 32
Mining the Relationship in the Form of
Predisposing Factor and Co-Incident in
Time Series Data Set by Using the Combination of Some Existing Ideas with a
New Idea from the Fact in The Chemical
Reaction – 151
CHEMOTHERAPY
An Innovative Strategy for the Prevention
and Treatment of Metastatic Prostate
Cancer: Modified Tetracycline as Chemotherapeutics – 76
Expression of Metabolic and Apoptotic
Genes During Treatment With Chemopreventive Agents for Breast Cancer – 103
Predicted Drug Concentration Distribution Using a Validated Finite Element
Model in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 79
TRAIL: A Novel Therapeutic Agent for
Prostate Cancer – 91
Treatment of Breast Cancer With Antibodies Against DR4 and DR5 Receptors
in
Combination
With
Chemotherapy – 81
CHIPS (ELECTRONICS)
Explosives Detection in Seawater on a
Microchip – 52
CHIPS
Using Laser Diode Instabilities for ChipScale
Stable
Frequency
References – 57
CHONDRULE
Blowing in the Wind – 214
CLASSIFICATIONS
A Logical and Probabilistic Technique for
Classification and Dimensionality Reduction for Objects with Categorical
Data – 176
U.S. Climate Change Research Initiative
(CCRI): Survey of Research Strategies
to Reduce Scientific Uncertainties – 74
Analysis Of The Iterated Probabilistic
Weighted k-Nearest Neighbor Method: A
New Distance-Based Algorithm – 173
USAID Programs that Respond to Climate
Change.
Philippines
Case
Study – 72
Anomaly Detection Enhanced Classification in Computer Intrusion Detection – 118
CLIMATE MODELS
U.S. Climate Change Research Initiative
(CCRI): Survey of Research Strategies
to Reduce Scientific Uncertainties – 74
Classification Framework for Anomaly
Detection – 112
Combining One-Class Classifiers for
Mobile-User
Substitution
Detection – 43
Comprehensible Credit-Scoring Knowledge Visualization Using Decision Tables
and Diagrams – 197
Consolidated Tree Construction Algorithm: Structurally Steady Trees – 199
Multimodality Image Fusion for 3-D
Model Building with Applications – 179
Quality Control Using Fuzzy Rule Based
Classification Systems – 192
Selecting a Restoration Technique to
Minimize OCR Error – 116
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Contributions
to Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Missions for Expeditionary
Operations – 12
VC Dimension of Bounded Margin Classifiers – 118
Web Service Component Markets: A
Comprehensive Assessment of the Third
Wave of Software Marketplaces – 165
CLASSIFIERS
Automated Segmentation of Scleroderma in High Resolution CT Imagery – 116
Combining One-Class Classifiers for
Mobile-User
Substitution
Detection – 43
Linking Learning Strategies and Performance for Support Vector Machines – 178
Simple Classifiers – 114
CLASSIFYING
Multilayer Perceptrons Technique in
Classifying Stocks: A Case Study of
Egyptian Stocks Exchange – 153
USAID Programs that Respond to Climate Change. Background Paper – 71
CLINICAL MEDICINE
Benign Breast Disease: Toward Molecular Prediction of Breast Cancer
Risk – 96
Cellular
Mechanisms
Regulating
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator
in Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer:
A Novel Therapeutic Target – 93
Increasing Sustained Participation in
Free Mass Cancer Screening Clinics – 84
Treatment Decisions in Localized Prostate Cancer: Patient Partner and Physician – 90
CLOCKS
An Update on PTB’s Activities in Time
and Frequency – 42
Development of New RB Clocks in Observatoire De Neuchatel – 42
CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Space Biotechnology and Commercial
Applications University of Florida – 40
CLOSURES
Unexploded Ordnance: A Critical Review
of Risk Assessment Methods – 181
CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Hierarchical Model-Based Clustering for
Relational Data with Aggregates – 123
Identification and Validation of Reference
Events Within the Area Regionally Monitored by IMS Stations in Asia and North
Africa – 71
Robust, Generalized, Quick and Efficient
Agglomerative Clustering – 149
CLUSTERS
Algorithm for Merging Hyperellipsoidal
Clusters – 111
COASTS
Inspections of Previously Monitored
Rubble-Mound Coastal Structures – 61
CHROMOPHORES
Dose Range Finding of Chromophore
Powder: A Summary Report – 32
CLEAN FUELS
Annual Report for the Ultra-Clean
Fischer-Tropsch Fuels Production and
Demonstration Project – 24
CIRCUIT BOARDS
Smart Skin Antenna Arrmy for 8-12
GHz – 45
CLIENT SERVER SYSTEMS
Risk Assessment of the Naval Postgraduate School Gigabit Network – 146
CODING
A Pattern for Interconnecting Distributed
Components – 134
CIVIL DEFENSE
L’Armement-Recherche civile, Recherche de defense (Armament-Civil and Defense Research) – 204
CLIMATE CHANGE
Near-Surface Monitoring Strategies for
Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Verification – 68
COEFFICIENTS
An Exact Analytical Expression of the
Shear Coefficient in the Mindlin Plate
Equation – 177
A-8
CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
Equalization With Oversampling in Multiuser CDMA Systems – 52
COGNITION
An Analysis of the Effectiveness of a New
Watchstanding Schedule for U.S. Submariners – 108
ASK Talks with Gary Klein – 195
Exercise Aboard Attack Submarines: Rationale and New Options – 107
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Case-Based Approach for Efficient Redesign of Business Process – 123
COLLECTION
Analyzing Observable Behaviors Of Device Ecology Workflows – 163
COLLISION AVOIDANCE
Automatic Air Collision Avoidance System (Auto-ACAS) – 11
COLLISIONLESS PLASMAS
On Plasma Sheath Resonant Energy Absorption in Collisionless Plasmas – 187
COLORIMETRY
Image Classification According To The
Dominant Color – 121
COMBAT
Conserving the Future Force Fighting
Strength: Findings from the Army Medical Department Transformation Workshops, 2002 – 106
COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY
Status of Advanced Two-Phase Flow
Model Development for SRM Chamber
Flow Field and Combustion Modeling – 53
COMBUSTION
DIII-D Research Operations Annual Report to the U.S. Department of Energy.
October 1, 2001 through September 30,
2002 – 187
Status of Advanced Two-Phase Flow
Model Development for SRM Chamber
Flow Field and Combustion Modeling – 53
COMETS
High Silicate Crystalline-to-Amorphous
Ratios in Comets C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) and
Hale-Bopp – 213
COMMAND AND CONTROL
Pilot Study: System Model of Situation
Awareness: ‘Sensemaking’ and Decision
Making in Command and Control – 48
Strategies for Defining the Army’s Objective Vision of Command and Control for
the 21st Century – 49
COMMERCE
A Pattern for Interconnecting Distributed
Components – 134
An Event-Based Framework For ServiceOriented Computing – 165
Business Continuity: It’s Not Just an IT
Recovery Plan. Intergovernmental and
Enterprise Approaches – 202
Developing Intranet and Extranet Business Application for a Large Travel
Agent – 162
Federated Mediators For Query Composite Answers – 157
Flow-Oriented Deployment of a MultiAgent Population for Dynamic Workflow
Enactment – 128
High Payoff in Electronic Government.
Measuring the Return on E-Government
Investments – 113
Managing Engineering Assets: A Knowledge Based Asset Management Methodology through Information Quality – 196
Multilayer Perceptrons Technique in
Classifying Stocks: A Case Study of
Egyptian Stocks Exchange – 153
Strategic DMSS for E-Business Planning – 191
COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT
TWA Flight 800 Missile Impact Analysis – 14
COMMUNICATING
Intelligent Electronic Inter-Systemic Contracting: Issues On Contract Formation – 161
Using Interaction Protocols In Distributed
Construction Processes – 136
COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
Validating Traffic Simulation Models to
Inclement Weather Travel Conditions
with Applications to Arterial Coordinated
Signal Systems – 73
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Secure Tactical Mobile Intelligent
Agents – 47
Solving Transactional Control in Current
Management Frameworks – 156
The Project Of Virtual Laboratory For
Informal Communication On Gigabit Network – 160
COMMUNICATION
Seamless Communication And Access
To Information For Mobile Users In A
Wireless Environment – 43
The Impact of the Communication and
Information Technologies in the Educational System: Case Study of North of
Portugal and South of Galicia – 136
COMMUNITIES
Antecedents of Successful Web Based
Communities
for
Disabled
Citizens – 159
COMPACTING
Dynamic Compaction Facility Test Report – 63
COMPILERS
Extracting Tactical Data from Operation
Orders – 144
COMPLEX SYSTEMS
BulB: Visualizing Bulletin Board Activity – 135
Process Design and Outsourcing Issues
in E-Commerce – 161
Quality Control Using Fuzzy Rule Based
Classification Systems – 192
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Modeling Polymers Containing Rod-Like
Fillers: From Morphology to Mechanical
Behavior – 39
Optimal Design of Hybrid Composite Flywheel Rotor Phase II – 62
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Soy-based Composite Sandwich Structures Phase I and II – 31
COMPOUND HELICOPTERS
Stability Analysis of the Slowed-Rotor
Compound
Helicopter
Configuration – 17
COMPRESSED GAS
Compressed Natural Gas versus Diesel,
Results of Vehicle Testing at MISR
Lab – 63
IMTB Program Summary Report – 67
COMPRESSORS
Initial Evaluation of Maximum Likelihood
Continuity Mapping for Low Bit Rate Articulatory Coding of VQ Code Sequences – 117
COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
Chemistry Modeling for Aerothermodynamics and TPS – 53
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
High Order Numerical Methods for Convection Dominated Problems – 176
Multi-Fidelity Simulation of a Turbofan
Engine With Results Zoomed Into MiniMaps for a Zero-D Cycle Simulation – 54
Overview 2004 of NASA-Stirling Convertor CFD Model Development and Regenerator R and D Efforts – 28
Using Dynamic Interface Modeling and
Simulation to Develop a Launch and Recovery Flight Simulation for a UH-60A
Blackhawk – 9
COMPUTATION
A Fast Scale and Pose Invariant Face
Recognition Method – 118
Analyzing Observable Behaviors Of Device Ecology Workflows – 163
Multi-Spectral Optical Techniques for
Communication
and
Computation – 186
New Energetic Selection Principle in Differential Evolution – 112
Simple Classifiers – 114
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Knowledge Navigation for Virtual Vehicles – 137
On the Use of Parmetric-CAD Systems
and Cartesian Methods for Aerodynamic
Design – 126
COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION
Problems Resolution In MATHNET System – 151
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Simulating Clouds with Procedural Texturing Techniques Using the GPU – 139
A-9
COMPUTER INFORMATION SECURITY
Conference on Information Technology
(2nd)/Special Session on Homeland Security, Volume 5 – 205
Embedding JAAS In Java Agent Roles To
Apply Local Security Policies – 129
Multi-Agent Systems and the Semantic
Web: The SemantiCore Agent-Based Abstraction Layer – 133
Software for Intelligent System Health
Management (ISHM) – 168
E-Services In Mission-Critical Organizations: Identification Enforcement – 129
Space Flight Software Development
Software for Intelligent System Health
Management – 121
GridBlocks: Web Portal and Client for
Distributed Computing – 121
Using Block-local Atomicity to Detect
Stale-value Concurrency Errors – 137
COMPUTER NETWORKS
A Contact Recommender System for a
Mediated Social Media – 160
COMPUTER PROGRAMS
A Dynamic Aggregation Mechanism For
Agent-Based Services – 132
A Network Component Architecture for
Collaboration in Mobile Settings – 128
A Recommendation Based Framework
for Online Product Configuration – 130
Adaptive Bio-Inspired Wireless Network
Routing for Planetary Surface Exploration – 214
Adaptive Agents
works – 158
An Event-Based Framework For ServiceOriented Computing – 165
Clarissa Spoken Dialogue System for
Procedure
Reading
and
Navigation – 213
Detecting Attacks in Computer Networks – 47
Developing Intranet and Extranet Business Application for a Large Travel
Agent – 162
Intranet Use: A Study of Five Swedish
Organisations – 180
Learning Processes and the Role of
Technological Networks as an Innovative
Challenge – 164
Performance Evaluation of TCP/IP in
802.11 Wireless Networks – 168
Semantics-Based Retrieval In P2P Network: A Vision – 159
The Project Of Virtual Laboratory For
Informal Communication On Gigabit Network – 160
Twenty-one Steps to Improve Cyber Security of SCADA Networks – 111
Virtual Active IP Node for Collaborative
Environments – 163
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Applying Data Mining To Software Development Projects: A Case Study – 124
Articulatorily Constrained, Maximum
Likelihood Approach to Speech Recognition. Phase 1 Final Report – 117
Design and Implementation of a Database for an Integrated System for Daily
Management in an Industrial and Commercial Organization – 204
Initial Evaluation of Maximum Likelihood
Continuity Mapping for Low Bit Rate Articulatory Coding of VQ Code Sequences – 117
MGAIA: Extending The Gala Methodology To Model Mobile Agent Systems – 136
For
Supply
Content Oriented Architecture
Consumer-to-Business
E-Commerce – 166
Net-
for
Data Zooming: A Challenge for Exploring
the Semantic Web – 126
Design and Evaluation of Software
Agents for Online Negotiations – 136
Design of a Non-Contact Vibration Measurement and Analysis System for Electronic Board Testing – 141
Dynamic Assembly, Assessment, Assurance, and Adaptation via Heterogeneous
Software Connectors – 142
eGovernment
el(eGMM) – 75
Maturity
Mod-
E-Services In Mission-Critical Organizations: Identification Enforcement – 129
Establishing Human Performance (Decision Making) and Natural Environment
Consistency Across Integrated Naval
Simulations – 145
FastNews: Selective Clipping of Web Information – 128
Federated Mediators For Query Composite Answers – 157
ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing – 153
COMPUTER STORAGE DEVICES
Operation and Maintenance Support Information (OMSI) Creation, Management,
and
Repurposing
With
XML – 138
COMPUTER SYSTEMS DESIGN
Designing a Web-Based Application
Framework – 135
Evaluation of the Telecommunications
and Information Infrastructure Assistance
Program. Case Study Report, Los Angeles Free-Net, 94026, Tarzana, California – 46
M-Computing System for Enterprises: A
Design Framework – 167
Principles For Creating Web Sites: A
Design Perspective – 168
Process Design and Outsourcing Issues
in E-Commerce – 161
COMPUTER SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE
Software for Intelligent System Health
Management (ISHM) – 168
COMPUTER SYSTEMS PROGRAMS
ISYDS: Integrated System For Decision
Support – 124
Semantic Support for Automated Negotiation with Alliances – 154
COMPUTER TECHNIQUES
Computerized Analysis and Detection of
Missed Cancer in Screening Mammogram – 105
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
Distributed Information Enterprise Modeling and Simulation (DIEMS) – 142
Frequency Bandwidth Optimization of
Left-Handed Metamaterial – 50
Gulfwide Emission Inventory Study for
the Regional Haze and Ozone Modeling
Efforts – 64
Multi-Fidelity Simulation of a Turbofan
Engine With Results Zoomed Into MiniMaps for a Zero-D Cycle Simulation – 54
Overview 2004 of NASA-Stirling Convertor CFD Model Development and Regenerator R and D Efforts – 28
Lab-On-a-Chip Application Development
(LOCAD): Bridging Technology Readiness for Exploration – 110
Particle Simulation of Plume-Plume and
Plume-Surface Interactions – 140
NPSAT1 Magnetic Attitude Control System Algorithm Verification, Validation,
and Air-Bearing Tests – 19
Simulating Clouds with Procedural Texturing Techniques Using the GPU – 139
Shifting the
digm – 140
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Contributions
to Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Missions for Expeditionary
Operations – 12
Computational
Para-
Software Agents for Supporting Student
Team Project Work – 129
Modelling Mobile Agent Applications by
Extended UML Activity Diagram – 134
Using Interaction Protocols In Distributed
Construction Processes – 136
Multi-Agent Organizational Model For
E-Contacting – 122
Visualizing Software Project Analogies
To Support Cost Estimation – 152
A-10
Web Usage Mining with Time Constrained Association Rules – 125
Peer-to-Peer Network Simulation – 156
Using MAS To Solve Producer Customer
Transport Problems – 147
COMPUTERS
Extensible Hardware Architecture for Mobile Robots – 120
Intelligent Electronic Inter-Systemic Contracting: Issues On Contract Formation – 161
Topical Application of Phosphate Amendments to Lead-Contaminated Small Arms
Firing Range Soils – 31
Object-Process Methodology Applied to
Agent Design – 156
Unexploded Ordnance: A Critical Review
of Risk Assessment Methods – 181
COMSAT PROGRAM
Customizable Data Distribution for Synchronous Groupware – 130
CONTINENTAL SHELVES
Data Quality Control and Emissions Inventories of OCS Oil and Gas Production
Activities in the Breton Area of the Gulf of
Mexico – 64
CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Characterization of a New FRP Bar of
Reinforcement of Concrete – 33
CONCRETES
Experimental Investigation of Bond-Slip
Relationship between Fiber Reinforced
Polymers (FRP) Bars and Concrete – 33
CONDITIONS
Validating Traffic Simulation Models to
Inclement Weather Travel Conditions
with Applications to Arterial Coordinated
Signal Systems – 73
CONDUCTORS
Protonated Arenes as Solid Proton Conducting Electrolytes – 35
CONFERENCES
Conference on Information Technology
(2nd)/Special Session on Homeland Security, Volume 5 – 205
Proceedings of the 2002 Antenna Applications Symposium - Volume 1 – 51
Proceedings of the 2002 Antenna Applications Symposium - Volume 2 – 51
CONICAL SCANNING
Conical
Scanning
Microwave
Imager/Sounder(CMIS) Sensor Requirements Document (SRD) for National
Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Spacecraft and Sensors – 18
CONNECTORS
Dynamic Assembly, Assessment, Assurance, and Adaptation via Heterogeneous
Software Connectors – 142
CONTRACT NEGOTIATION
Strategic Negotiation Of Bandwidth In
Cooperative Networks – 27
CONTROL SURFACES
Immunity-Based Aircraft Fault Detection
System – 16
CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN
Intelligent Propulsion System Foundation
Technology:
Summary
of
Research – 27
Intelligent Systems: Shaping the Future
of Aeronautics and Space Exploration – 120
COUPLES
Majority Voting In Stable Marriage Problem With Couples – 189
CREEP PROPERTIES
Joint Development of a Fourth Generation Single Crystal Superalloy – 38
CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS
Advanced
Chemical
Propulsion
Study – 40
CONTROLLERS
Artificial Intelligence Representations of
Multi-Model Based Controllers – 119
CRYPTOGRAPHY
E-Services In Mission-Critical Organizations: Identification Enforcement – 129
Solving Transactional Control in Current
Management Frameworks – 156
CRYSTAL GROWTH
Detached Growth of Germanium by Directional Solidification – 188
CONTROL
Application of Uncertain Variables to Stability Analysis and Stabilization for ABR
ATM
Congestion
Control
Systems – 113
CONVECTION
High Order Numerical Methods for Convection Dominated Problems – 176
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER
Overview 2004 of NASA-Stirling Convertor CFD Model Development and Regenerator R and D Efforts – 28
Hypo-Fractionated Conformal Radiation
Therapy to the Tumor Bed After Segmental Mastectomy – 79
COOPER-HARPER RATINGS
Development and Validation of the Controller Acceptance Rating Scale (CARS):
Results of Empirical Research – 6
CONTAMINATION
Contamination Assessment of the Awadallah Secondary Lead Smelter at Shoubra el Kheima – 66
Visualizing Software Project Analogies
To Support Cost Estimation – 152
CRYOGENICS
Transformational System Concepts and
Technologies for Future Space Applications – 18
CONVERGENCE
Polynomial-Time Decomposition Algorithms
for
Support
Vector
Machines – 115
CONTAMINANTS
Environmental Exposures at Birth and at
Menarche and Risk of Breast Cancer – 95
COST ESTIMATES
Dynamic Multi-Agent Based Variety Formation And Steering In Mass Customization – 198
CONTROL THEORY
Application of Control Theory in the Formation of a Timescale – 172
CONSERVATION
Conserving the Future Force Fighting
Strength: Findings from the Army Medical Department Transformation Workshops, 2002 – 106
CONSISTENCY
Establishing Human Performance (Decision Making) and Natural Environment
Consistency Across Integrated Naval
Simulations – 145
COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
RADIATION
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Joint Analysis
of Chandra X-Ray Imaging Spectroscopy
and
Sunyaev-Zel’dovich
Effect
Data – 212
COPPER ALLOYS
A Comparison of Experimental EPMA
Data and Monte Carlo Simulations – 185
COPPER
Practical Application of KDD Techniques
to an Industrial Process – 30
CORN
Domestic Preparedness: Sarin Vapor
Challenge and Corn Oil Protection Factor
(PF) Testing of the CB40 CNR Full Face
Respirator – 109
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Synthesis and Characterization of Ge
Nanocrystals for Thin-Film Applications – 36
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Fluorescent Approaches
to
High
Throughput Crystallography – 30
CYGNUS CONSTELLATION
A Multiwavelength Search for a Counterpart of the Brightest Unidentified
Gamma-Ray Source 3EG J2020+4017
(2CG 078+2) – 207
CYTOLOGY
Cellular
Mechanisms
Regulating
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator
in Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer:
A Novel Therapeutic Target – 93
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
TWA Flight 800 Missile Impact Analysis – 14
DAMAGE
The Role of GADD34 (Growth Arrest and
DNA Damage-Inducible Protein) in
Regulating Apoptosis, Proliferation, and
Protein Synthesis in Human Breast Cancer Cells – 89
DAMS
Assessment Of Spillage Of Large-Scale
Hydropower Plant Undertaking Spinning
Reserve – 62
A-11
DATA ACQUISITION
An Approach to Vulnerability Assessment
for Navy Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA) Systems – 145
ArchCollect Front-End: A Web Usage
Data Mining Knowledge Acquisition
Mechanism Focused On Static Or Dynamic Contenting Applications – 132
Uniform Federal Policy for Quality Assurance Project Plans: Evaluating, Assessing, and Documenting Environmental
Data Collection and Use Programs. Part
1. UFP-QAPP Manual – 141
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Midcontinent Interactive Digital Carbon
Atlas and Relational Database (MIDCARB) – 68
DATA BASES
A Fast Scale and Pose Invariant Face
Recognition Method – 118
DATA COMPRESSION
Data Zooming: A Challenge for Exploring
the Semantic Web – 126
DATA LINKS
Information Access Via Topic Hierarchies
And Thematic Annotations From Document Collections – 150
DATA MANAGEMENT
C-17 Test Data Archive Effort – 14
Mining Sequential Patterns with Regular
Expression Constraints Using Sequential
Pattern Tree – 149
Phase I Environmental Investigation Report, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Marion
County, Indiana, Volume 2. Revised – 204
Multiple Organ Failure Diagnosis Using
Adverse Events And Neural Networks – 122
Objectminer: A New Approach For Mining
Complex Objects – 199
Result Comparison of Two Rough Set
Based Discretization Algorithms – 119
Towards High Dimensional Data Mining
With Boosting Of PSVM And Visualization Tools – 150
Towards Visual Data Mining – 153
Warehousing and Mining of Higher Education Data: Using Existing Data to Manage Quality – 120
Web Usage Mining with Time Constrained Association Rules – 125
DATA PROCESSING
Circular Data Images for Directional
Data – 178
A Pattern for Interconnecting Distributed
Components – 134
Uniform Federal Policy for Quality Assurance Project Plans: Evaluating, Assessing, and Documenting Environmental
Data Collection and Use Programs. Part
1. UFP-QAPP Manual – 141
An Experience in Management of Imprecise Soil Databases by Means of Fuzzy
Association Rules and Fuzzy Approximate Dependencies – 146
DATA MINING
An Efficient Framework For Iterative
Time-Series Trend Mining – 197
An Implementation Environment Of
Knowledge Discovery Systems – 201
An Implementation Environment Of
Knowledge Discovery Systems – 201
DATA RETRIEVAL
Data Mining: Pattern Mining As A Clique
Extracting Task – 200
An Intelligent Tutoring System For Database Transaction Processing – 123
Applying Data Mining To Software Development Projects: A Case Study – 124
Objectminer: A New Approach For Mining
Complex Objects – 199
Analysis Of The Iterated Probabilistic
Weighted k-Nearest Neighbor Method: A
New Distance-Based Algorithm – 173
ArchCollect Front-End: A Web Usage
Data Mining Knowledge Acquisition
Mechanism Focused On Static Or Dynamic Contenting Applications – 132
Bayesian Network Structural Learning
From Data: An Algorithms Comparison – 147
C-17 Test Data Archive Effort – 14
Databases Reduction – 152
Design and Implementation of a Database for an Integrated System for Daily
Management in an Industrial and Commercial Organization – 204
Bayesian Network Structural Learning
From Data: An Algorithms Comparison – 147
Data Mining Application in Clinical Data
of Patients with Nephrolithiasis – 75
Data Mining of CRM Knowledge Bases
for Effective Market Segmentation: A
Conceptual Framework – 201
Citizens Expections for Electronic Government Services – 113
Wireless
Technology
ment – 45
in
Govern-
DATA STORAGE
Databases Reduction – 152
Operation and Maintenance Support Information (OMSI) Creation, Management,
and
Repurposing
With
XML – 138
DATA STRUCTURES
Circular Data Images for Directional
Data – 178
Detecting Attacks in Computer Networks – 47
Data Mining: Pattern Mining As A Clique
Extracting Task – 200
DATA TRANSFER (COMPUTERS)
A Multi-Server Approach For Distributed
Collaborative Knowledge Spaces – 161
Informed K-Means: A Clustering Process
Biased by Prior Knowledge – 198
Customizable Data Distribution for Synchronous Groupware – 130
for
Mining Scientific Results Through The
Combined Use Of Clustering And Linear
Programming Techniques – 174
Resource Sharing and Load Balancing
Based on Agent Mobility – 130
Informed K-Means: A Clustering Process
Biased by Prior Knowledge – 198
Mining Sequential Patterns with Regular
Expression Constraints Using Sequential
Pattern Tree – 149
DATA TRANSMISSION
Systems and Methods for Secure Transaction Management and Electronic
Rights Protection – 144
Identification and Validation of Reference
Events Within the Area Regionally Monitored by IMS Stations in Asia and North
Africa – 71
Image Classification According To The
Dominant Color – 121
Indexing Multispectral Images
Content-Based Retrieval – 203
System for Indexing Multi-Spectral Satellite Images for Efficient Content-Based
Retrieval – 203
Trading Efficiency for Effectiveness in
Similarity Based Indexing for Image Databases – 203
Using Mobile Agents to Search for Distributed Invisible Information – 134
DATA COLLECTION PLATFORMS
Using Agent Platforms For Service Composition – 158
A-12
Mining the Relationship in the Form of
Predisposing Factor and Co-Incident in
Time Series Data Set by Using the Combination of Some Existing Ideas with a
New Idea from the Fact in The Chemical
Reaction – 151
Mining the Relationships in the Form of
the Predisposing Factors and CoIncident Factors Among Numerical Dynamic Attributes in Time Series Data Set
by Using the Combination of Some Existing Tec