Bonding
Objectives 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.8 and 3.9
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.2 Describe how an atoms electron
configuration, particularly the valence electrons,
determine how atoms interact with other atoms
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.2 Describe how an atoms electron
configuration, particularly the valence electrons,
determine how atoms interact with other atoms
Atoms will gain or lose electron to achieve a
noble gas electron configuration (8 valence
electrons, an octet)
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.2 Describe how an atoms electron
configuration, particularly the valence electrons,
determine how atoms interact with other atoms
Atoms will gain or lose electron to achieve a
noble gas electron configuration (8 valence
electrons, an octet)
Ionic compounds: cations lose electrons to
anions so that each atom in the compound has
eight valence electrons
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.2 Describe how an atoms electron
configuration, particularly the valence electrons,
determine how atoms interact with other atoms
Atoms will gain or lose electron to achieve a
noble gas electron configuration (8 valence
electrons, an octet)
Ionic compounds: cations lose electrons to
anions so that each atom in the compound has
eight valence electrons
Covalent compounds: valence electrons are
shared so that each atom in the compound has
8 valence electrons
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.4 Identify properties of a covalent
molecule, ionic lattice, and network covalent
structures.
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.4 Identify properties of a covalent
molecule, ionic lattice, and network covalent
structures.
Ionic compounds
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.4 Identify properties of a covalent
molecule, ionic lattice, and network covalent
structures.
Ionic compounds
Melting and boiling point: Ionic compounds have a
high melting and boiling point.
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.4 Identify properties of a covalent
molecule, ionic lattice, and network covalent
structures.
Ionic compounds
Melting and boiling point: Ionic compounds have a
high melting and boiling point.
Solubility: Ionic compounds are soluble in water
(although not all). They are not soluble in non-polar
solvents such as oil
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.4 Identify properties of a covalent
molecule, ionic lattice, and network covalent
structures.
Ionic compounds
Melting and boiling point: Ionic compounds have a
high melting and boiling point.
Solubility: Ionic compounds are soluble in water
(although not all). They are not soluble in non-polar
solvents such as oil
Electrical conductivity: Ionic compounds and other
ionic substances will conduct electricity when they
are dissolved in a liquid such as, water or when they
are molten (liquid). They do not conduct electricity
in their solid form.
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.4 Identify properties of a
covalent molecule, ionic lattice,
and network covalent structures.
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.4 Identify properties of a
covalent molecule, ionic lattice,
and network covalent structures.
Molecular (covalent) compounds
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.4 Identify properties of a
covalent molecule, ionic lattice,
and network covalent structures.
Molecular (covalent) compounds
Melting and boiling points: Molecular substances
tend to be gases, liquids or low melting point
solids
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.4 Identify properties of a
covalent molecule, ionic lattice,
and network covalent structures.
Molecular (covalent) compounds
Melting and boiling points: Molecular substances
tend to be gases, liquids or low melting point
solids
Solubility in water: Most molecular substances are
not soluble (or only very sparingly soluble) in
water. Most are soluble in non-polar solvents such
as oil
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.4 Identify properties of a
covalent molecule, ionic lattice,
and network covalent structures.
Molecular (covalent) compounds
Melting and boiling points: Molecular substances
tend to be gases, liquids or low melting point
solids
Solubility in water: Most molecular substances are
not soluble (or only very sparingly soluble) in
water. Most are soluble in non-polar solvents such
as oil
Electrical conductivity:Molecular substances won't
conduct electricity
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.3 Given elements, Predict whether
they will form a covalent molecule or
ionic lattice.
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.3 Given elements, Predict whether
they will form a covalent molecule or
ionic lattice.
Ionic compounds: Formed between a cation
(usually a metal) and an anion (a non-metal
or a polyatomic ion)
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.3 Given elements, Predict whether
they will form a covalent molecule or
ionic lattice.
Ionic compounds: Formed between a cation
(usually a metal) and an anion (a non-metal
or a polyatomic ion)
These are known as ionic lattice structures
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.3 Given elements, Predict whether
they will form a covalent molecule or
ionic lattice.
Ionic compounds: Formed between a cation
(usually a metal) and an anion (a non-metal
or a polyatomic ion)
These are known as ionic lattice structures
Covalent compounds: Formed between two
non-metals
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.3 Given elements, Predict whether
they will form a covalent molecule or
ionic lattice.
Ionic compounds: Formed between a cation
(usually a metal) and an anion (a non-metal
or a polyatomic ion)
These are known as ionic lattice structures
Covalent compounds: Formed between two
non-metals
These form covalent molecules
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.5 Use electronegativity values
to Predict whether a bond is ionic
or covalent
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.5 Use electronegativity values
to Predict whether a bond is ionic
or covalent
Electronegativity - attraction of a nucleus for
outside electrons. Pauling scale is used to measure
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.5 Use electronegativity values
to Predict whether a bond is ionic
or covalent
Electronegativity - attraction of a nucleus for
outside electrons. Pauling scale is used to measure
A difference of 1.8 unit or more is considered an
ionic bond
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.5 Use electronegativity values
to Predict whether a bond is ionic
or covalent
Electronegativity - attraction of a nucleus for
outside electrons. Pauling scale is used to measure
A difference of 1.8 unit or more is considered an
ionic bond
Remember electronegativity increases across a
period and decreases down a group
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.5 Use electronegativity values
to Predict whether a bond is ionic
or covalent
Electronegativity - attraction of a nucleus for
outside electrons. Pauling scale is used to measure
A difference of 1.8 unit or more is considered an
ionic bond
Remember electronegativity increases across a
period and decreases down a group
Determine if a bond between the following is
ionic or covalent. (pg 403)
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.5 Use electronegativity values
to Predict whether a bond is ionic
or covalent
Electronegativity - attraction of a nucleus for
outside electrons. Pauling scale is used to measure
A difference of 1.8 unit or more is considered an
ionic bond
Remember electronegativity increases across a
period and decreases down a group
Determine if a bond between the following is
ionic or covalent. (pg 403)
H-H, S-H, Cl-H, Na-Cl
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.8 Given a compound Identify
the different types of bonds
present
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.8 Given a compound Identify
the different types of bonds
present
Ionic bonds - form between a cation and anion
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.8 Given a compound Identify
the different types of bonds
present
Ionic bonds - form between a cation and anion
cations: metals and ammonium ion
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.8 Given a compound Identify
the different types of bonds
present
Ionic bonds - form between a cation and anion
cations: metals and ammonium ion
anions: non-metals and polyatomic ions
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.8 Given a compound Identify
the different types of bonds
present
Ionic bonds - form between a cation and anion
cations: metals and ammonium ion
anions: non-metals and polyatomic ions
Covalent bonds - form between two nonmetal
elements
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.8 Given a compound Identify
the different types of bonds
present
Ionic bonds - form between a cation and anion
cations: metals and ammonium ion
anions: non-metals and polyatomic ions
Covalent bonds - form between two nonmetal
elements
Polyatomic ions are held together with
covalent bonds
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.9 Describe how carbon bonds with H, O, N, S to form
chains, rings, branching networks which are
characteristic of polymers, fossil fuels, and large
biomolecules.
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.9 Describe how carbon bonds with H, O, N, S to form
chains, rings, branching networks which are
characteristic of polymers, fossil fuels, and large
biomolecules.
Carbon has unusual ability to bond strongly to
itself.
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.9 Describe how carbon bonds with H, O, N, S to form
chains, rings, branching networks which are
characteristic of polymers, fossil fuels, and large
biomolecules.
Carbon has unusual ability to bond strongly to
itself.
This results in long chains or rings of carbon
atoms
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.9 Describe how carbon bonds with H, O, N, S to form
chains, rings, branching networks which are
characteristic of polymers, fossil fuels, and large
biomolecules.
Carbon has unusual ability to bond strongly to
itself.
This results in long chains or rings of carbon
atoms
Carbon also forms strong bonds to non-metals
such as, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.9 Describe how carbon bonds with H, O, N, S to form
chains, rings, branching networks which are
characteristic of polymers, fossil fuels, and large
biomolecules.
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.9 Describe how carbon bonds with H, O, N, S to form
chains, rings, branching networks which are
characteristic of polymers, fossil fuels, and large
biomolecules.
Examples of carbon containing compounds
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.9 Describe how carbon bonds with H, O, N, S to form
chains, rings, branching networks which are
characteristic of polymers, fossil fuels, and large
biomolecules.
Examples of carbon containing compounds
Polymers: polyethylene, PVC, nylon,
polyester
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.9 Describe how carbon bonds with H, O, N, S to form
chains, rings, branching networks which are
characteristic of polymers, fossil fuels, and large
biomolecules.
Examples of carbon containing compounds
Polymers: polyethylene, PVC, nylon,
polyester
Biomolecules: Amino acid/proteins, DNA,
triglycerides (fat), carbohydrates
Friday, October 12, 2012
3.9 Describe how carbon bonds with H, O, N, S to form
chains, rings, branching networks which are
characteristic of polymers, fossil fuels, and large
biomolecules.
Examples of carbon containing compounds
Polymers: polyethylene, PVC, nylon,
polyester
Biomolecules: Amino acid/proteins, DNA,
triglycerides (fat), carbohydrates
Fossil fuels: Coal, Petroleum
Friday, October 12, 2012