Vocative Case
• Used for direct address
– Quintus, where are you? Quinte, ubi es?
– Metella, look at the city! Metella, ecce urbs!
• Most are the same as nominative
• 2nd declension singular has different endings
– us becomes –e
– ius becomes –ī
Quintus  Quinte
Claudius  Claudī
• Give the vocatives for each:
puella
pictor
amicus
feminae
Barbillus
servi
senex
Aristo
filia
mercatores
nuntius
filius
Imperatives
• Used for commands.
1st Conj.
2nd Conj.
3rd Conj.
4th Conj.
Sing.
-ā
-ē
-e
-ī
Pl.
-ate
-ete
-ite
-ite
Sing.
dā! Give!
sedē! Sit!
scribe! Write!
audī! Listen!
Pl.
date! Give!
sedete! Sit!
scribite! Write!
audite! Listen!
• Give the imperatives (sing and pl) for:
laudare, docēre, mittere, dormire
portare, tacēre, agere, custodire
Irregular Imperatives
• A handful of verbs are weird (surprise,
surprise – you knew there would be some)
• Memorize these 4 verbs:
duc! ducite! – Lead! (from duco, ducere)
dic! dicite! – Tell! Say! (from dico, dicere)
fer! ferte! – Bring! Carry! (from fero, ferre)
fac! facite! – Do! Make! (from facio, facere)
Negative Imperatives
• Negative commands = don’t do something
• Use the imperative of nolo + infinitive of the verb
you don’t want them to do.
• nolī dormire! – don’t sleep! (addressed to 1 person)
nolite dormire! – don’t sleep! (addressed to more than 1)
• nolī clamare! – don’t shout! (addressed to 1 person)
nolite clamare! – don’t shout! (addressed to more than 1)
• Give the negative imperatives for:
cantare, amittere, garrire