Integrating NEON data with existing models

Brigham Young University
BYU ScholarsArchive
International Congress on Environmental
Modelling and Software
7th International Congress on Environmental
Modelling and Software
Jun 16th, 3:40 PM - 5:20 PM
Integrating NEON data with existing models: An
example with the Community Land Model
Edmund M. Hart
National Ecological Observatory Network, [email protected]
Andrew Fox
National Ecological Observatory Network, [email protected]
Steve Berukoff
National Ecological Observatory Network, [email protected]
T. J. Hoar
IMAGE, CISL, National Center for Atmospheric Research, [email protected]
Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/iemssconference
Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, Data Storage Systems Commons, Environmental
Engineering Commons, and the Other Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons
Edmund M. Hart, Andrew Fox, Steve Berukoff, and T. J. Hoar, "Integrating NEON data with existing models: An example with the
Community Land Model" ( June 16, 2014). International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software. Paper 1.
http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/iemssconference/2014/Stream-A/1
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