Multiple Choice Strategies
1.
2
2.
3.
4
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Best suited
Least suited
Directly affected
Not directly affected
Direct cause of
Decrease
Increase
EXCEPT
Prevention
10.Clean up
11 Best describes
11.Best
12.Positive impact
13 Negative impact
13.Negative
14.Result of
15.Best example
p
16.Serious immediate
problem
MC Question Set
Directions: Each set of lettered choices
b l
below
refers
f
tto the
th numbered
b d questions
ti
or
statements immediately following it. Select
the one lettered choice that best answers
each question or best fits each statement.
A choice may be used once
once, more than
once, or not all in each set.
MC Question Set (cont.)
Questions 1-4 refer to the following energy sources.
A. Wind
B Biomass
B.
Bi
C. Sunlight
D Nuclear fission
D.
E. Movement of water
1. The source that p
produces long-lived
g
hazardous
wastes.
2. The source that is converted directly into electrical
energy by photovoltaic cells.
3. The source whose use is a direct cause of
deforestation
deforestation.
4. The source that is not renewable.
Example MC Questions
5. Most data indicate that, during the past 100 years,
climate change has:
a.
b
b.
c.
d.
e.
decreased temperature by 5° C
decreased temperature by 0
0.5
5° C
stayed the same
increased temperature
p
by
y 0.5° C
increased temperature by 5°C
Example MC Questions (cont.)
6. If an incandescent light bulb used for lighting has
an efficiency rating of 8%, then for every 1.00 joule
off electrical
l t i l energy consumed
d by
b the
th bulb,
b lb which
hi h off
the following is produced? Notice, that you don’t
need to know what a joule is to get the correct
answer.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e
e.
1.08 joules of light energy
1.08 joules of heat energy
0.08 joule off light energy
0.92 joule of light energy
0
08 joule of heat energy
0.08
Example MC Questions (cont.)
7. Fragmenting (one large park or preserve into
many small parks with human habitation in
b t
between
them)
th ) is
i mostt lik
likely
l tto llead
d tto which
hi h off
the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Reduction in species diversity
Stabilization of microclimates
Decrease in the transition zone
Increase in population size of top carnivore
Increase in the number off specialists
Multiple Choice Strategies
1.
2.
3.
4.
Loss of habitat (decreasing)
(
g)
Slow the population (increasing)
Invasion by nonnative species (increasing)
Increase/decrease use of fertilizers for
agriculture
5. Global warming/climate change
6. Declining in fisheries
7. Acid Deposition
1. You will have 22 minutes to answer each FRQ.
2. 10 points are possible for each question
3. Read through all 4 questions first. You do not have to
answer the 1st FRQ before going on the second
second, third
third, or
fourth FRQ. Answer the questions that you know the
most about first.
4. Your free responses may be in a different order than
what is presented here. You will have 2 synthesis and
evaluation questions.
5. Some parts of a question may have calculations.
6. You will have a document-based question.
7 FRQ
7.
FRQ’ss have more than one part.
part Each part is usually
labeled with lower-case ii’s, or (a), (b). When you answer
each part, label it. This makes it easier for the reader to
find your answer.
Free Response Strategies
The following phrases require complete sentences.
• Account for the fact…
• Compare…
• Describe…
Describe
• Describe and discuss…
• Describe and explain…
• Explain and defend or refute this statement…
• Identify a….and the effect it would have on…
• Justify your answer.
• Make an argument for…
• State clearl
clearly…
• Summarize the pattern…
Free Response Strategies
These phrases do not require complete sentences:
A calculator may not be used on any part of the
Environmental Science Test.
• Calculate
• Draw and label
• Graph
G h th
the d
data
t
• List…
• Plot these data
• Show calculations to support your answer
• Show the setup
p for the calculations
Example FRQs
1. Describe a connection between the
weather change associated with a
hurricane and the transmission of
diseases (On this type of question
diseases.
question, use
the words increase/decrease).
Example:
Example FRQs (cont.)
2. Describe an important environmental
(economical) problem associated with a
hurricane. (Here again, you can use the
words increase/decrease). A(n) _____ in
water temperature causes habitat
destruction resulting in a _______ of
biodiversity. Any time there is a problem in
the question, you will need to give: the
problem (habitat destruction) cause of the
problem (_________ temperature) and the
effect (________ biodiversity).
Example FRQs (cont.)
3. Describe a strategy to control ticks. (A
strategy usually requires at least two
methods. A third method may give you an
elaboration point
point.)) Ex
Ex. One method that
can control ticks is to ____________. A
second method that can control ticks is to
___________.
Example FRQs (cont.)
4. Identify and describe one way humans
have degraded wetlands
wetlands. (You are asked to
do two things.) Ex. ______ ________
(identified) are one way humans have
degraded wetlands. By
___________________________________
humans have caused habitat destruction
(description) In order to get the point
(description).
point, both
the identification and the description must
be there
there.
Example FRQs (cont.)
5. Discuss one role that kelp forests play that
is ecologically (economically) important.
important
(This prompt requires two sentences, one
for the role and the second for the
discussion). Only the first role you list
will be graded
graded. Ex.
Ex Kelp forests provide a
___________________________________
______________________. This supports
complex food webs (discussion).
Example FRQs (cont.)
6. Describe and discuss one problem
associated with changes in temperature in
a wetland. (Your answer must have a
description using increase/decrease) This
prompt requires two sentences. If
temperature increases in the water
water, then
there will be a ________ in plant growth
(description) A ________ in plant growth
(description).
will cause a loss of biodiversity
(discussion)
(discussion).
Example FRQs (cont.)
7. Make an argument for diverting water for
urban consumption and an argument for
permitting the flow of water to natural areas.
An argument is defined as
as, “A
A coherent
series of statements leading from a premise
to a conclusion”
conclusion . Write all you know.
know
Example:
Example FRQs (cont.)
8. Explain one environmental policy that would
have a positive impact on wetlands
wetlands.
(An environment policy is defined as an
official rule or regulation concerning the
environment adopted, implemented and
enforced by some governmental agency)
agency).
Ex The Endangered Species Act
Ex.
Example FRQs (cont.)
9. Here are a few ways to look at legislation:
y times g
government p
policies are not
Many
necessary. For example: Describe one
incentive that the g
government of a
country could offer its citizens that
would favor a reduction in the growth
g
rate of its population.
Answer: One incentive that a government
g
could offer its citizens that would favor a
reduction in the growth
would be a…
g
Example FRQs (cont.)
10.Identify and describe one abiotic water
g Two
test. ((You are asked to do two things.
sentences may be necessary)
Example:
Incentives:
for…
• Tax credits for
• Tax rebates for…
• Subsidize loans
for…
• Subsidies for
companies that…
Penalties:
• Increase taxes
for…
• Remove subsidies
for…
• Increase tariff’s
(taxes on imports)
on…
Important Environmental Laws and what they do:
A. Endangered Species Act – Protects the habitat of
threatened and endangered species
species.
B. Lacey Act – Prohibits the transportation of
protected species
p
p
between states.
C. CITES Treaty – (Convention in International Trade
of Endangered Species) It regulates international
t d off protected
trade
t t d species
i and
d their
th i products.
d t
D. Clean Water Act – Protects wetlands. Prevents
habitat destruction. Regulates the discharge of
pollutants in U.S. waterways.
E. Clean Air Act – Establishes ambient air standards
f four
for
f
primary
i
pollutants.
ll t t
Designing an Experiment the APES Way
Here is a guide to help you accumulate the most
points from this type of question.
1. State a hypothesis. It must be a clear statement
of a hypothesis
hypothesis. You must identify it as a
hypothesis: “My hypothesis is...” Also, use an
if/then statement.
statement Such terms as:
increase/decrease are important in your
hypothesis.
y
I would wait to formulate yyour
hypothesis because as you create your
experiment things may change. Keep it simple.
2. Specify a control. My control is ...
Designing an Experiment (cont.)
3. Identify and hold constant one experimental
factor. My experimental factor is …
4. Describe what is being measured.
5. Explain how the data is collected. Somewhere
here is a good place to write your hypothesis
hypothesis.
y
independent and dependent
6. Identifyy your
variable. Drawing a graph to show what will
happen is a nice addition, however, don’t spend a
llott off titime h
here.
Designing an Experiment (cont.)
7. Must include two of the following:
A. A time line for the experiment.
p
Ex. 24 hour
period/ 2 growing seasons
B. Materials used (Provide a list)
C. Correlation to other experiments.
D. Specific sample size. Ex. Eight 2 ounce
bottles Two 10 gallon aquariums
bottles.
aquariums.
E. Specify size of area where the experiment is
taking place
place. 8 ft
ft./8
/8 ft
ft. square
square.
Designing an Experiment (cont.)
8. Must include one of the following: (This will give
you an elaboration p
y
point))
A. Repeated experiments. I will repeat my
experiment 2 more times to show validity.
B. How other variables are controlled or tested.
C. Correlation to other experiments.
D How the experiment could be expanded or
D.
modified.
E Relate to/discuss additional research.
E.
research
9. Give expected results.