The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
No. 25&26, Spring & summer-2005
Prevalence of depression in vitiligo patients
Maleki M, Javidi Z, Kiafar B, Saadatian V, Saremi AK
I
ntroduction: Vitiligo is a acquired skin disease with prevalence of 1% in the community.
In spite of existing different options in its treatment, commonly the course is progressive
and the prognosis is unpredictable.
In our community with a negative attitude of people to the disease, great burdens of social and
familial problems are caused to the patient and these may bring about Psychological
disorders. The object of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and severity of depression in
vitiligo patients and comparison with normal population according to Hamilton Rating Score
for Depression.
Method and Material: This is a cross-sectional descriptive Analytical study. 52 vitiligo
patients presenting to dermatology clinic of Imam Reza Hospital agreed to participate in this
study. The dissemination and extent of their skin disease was determined and their
demographic identification recorded .Then, the 24 item questionnaire of HRSD completed.
The same was performed for the control group, which were healthy in general and
dermatology examination and the same as examination group in demographic identification.
Result: In the vitiligo patient group 24 patients (46.2%) and in the control group 3 (5.8%)
were depressed. Mean depression score in the vitiligo patients was 17.48 and in the control
5.6. 7.6% of vitiligo patients had a history of suicidal attempt. Also, in vitiligo patients no
significant statistical relationship was found between depression score and age, sex , marital
state, extent of skin involvement with vitiligo , expose or non-expose skin lesions, and history
of consullation with psychiatrist (P> 0.05) .
Conclusion: High prevalence of depression in these patients is indicator of an insistent
need to collaboration of psychiatrists with dermatologists in the management of this disease.
Key words: Vitiligo, Depression, Hamilton Rating Score for Depression.
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The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
No. 25&26, Spring & summer-2005
Effective factors on serving motivation of Hamadan
Province employees
Hazavehei SM, Samadi A
I
ntroduction: It is clear that sustaining workers serving motivation is an important
managing factor for developing, improving, and efficiency of each organization.
The serving motivation is a factor that directs the workers' behavior toward the specific way
and has effective role on quality and quantity of the organizational activities. The study and
recognizing the factors affect on the level of worker's motivation have important function for
its sustainability. The purpose of this study was investigating increasing or declining causes of
workers' serving motivation on Hamadan province governor organizations.
Method and Material: 2923 workers of Hamadan province from eight province districts
such as Hamadan 471 (%16.1), Malayer 392 (%13.4), Mahavand 366 (%12.5), Tuoserkan 344
(%11.8), Kabodrahang 355 (%12.1), Asadabad 325 (%11.1), Bahar 326 (%11.2), and Razan
344 (%11.8) cities and the average age of 34.86 year (SD=6.23) using stratified sampling
participated in this study. From these workers, 1793 (%61.3) men, 1130 (%38.7) women,
2516 (%68.1) married, and 407 (%13.9) were single. A questionnaire developed by
investigators and its reliability and validity was evaluated and it used in order to collecting
data. This questionnaire according to the ratio of sampling among the province workers
distributed and the data collected.
Results: The regression test results indicated that seriousness and scientific evaluation of
workers' practices (mean=3.75, B=0.2, p<0.0001), receiving feedback through vary way
related to tasks performing (mean=4.59, B=0.392, p<0.0001), providing opportunity for all
workers progressiveness (mean=3.53, B=0.261, p<0.0001), and related manager's suitability
and competency (mean=4.27, B=0.469, p<0.0001) have significant contribution on workers'
motivation.
Conclusion: In general, the more important casual increases workers' motivation were
seriousness and scientific evaluation of workers' practices, receiving feedback through vary
way related to tasks performing, providing opportunity for all workers progressiveness, and
related manager's suitability and competency.
Keyword: Serving Motivation, Employees, Hamadan Province
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The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
No. 25&26, Spring & summer-2005
Assessment of the internet addiction between larian net user
Vizeshfar F
I
ntroduction: The internet appears to have become on ever-increasing part of many
people's day-to-day life and there have been reports in the press in recent years about
internet addiction. For many people the concept and definitions of internet addiction seem far
fetched particularly if their ideas about addiction involve the taking of drugs or alcohol
consumption. Internet addication disorder, is a psychophysiological disorder involving to
lerance, withdrawal symptoms and affective problem that is becoming more common in
society as on-line usage increases by the day.
Method and Material: This descriptive and analytic approach study to make a survey of
internet addiction between coffee net user's in the city of Lar. The sampling method used in
this study was a simple randomized method and the sample size was 230. Internet users were
evaluated with an appropriate questionnaire.
Results: The results showed possible or mild internet addiction, in 17.5% while 2.2% had
internet addiction. Also internet addiction had a significant statistical relationship with age
(P<0.03), gender (P<0.04), hours of use the internet (P=0.000), daily time of using internet
(P<0.02), and the reason for the use of the internet (P=0.000).
Discusion: Although internet is not man's enemy, people become dependent on it. Health
professionals are responsible for providing adequate information about proper use of the
internet and for implementing programs to prevent internet addication.
Keyword: Internet addiction, internet user, city of Lar
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The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
No. 25&26, Spring & summer-2005
Is there any difference between patients depression symptoms
pattern who come to clinic in different seasons ?
Talaei A, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Samari AA, Arshadi HR, Salari E, Sadat Forghani M.
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ntroduction: Depression is a serious and prevalent disorder known with persistent
pathology of mood as the main symptom. Lifetime prevalence of depression is up to 25
percent. In different studies depression symptoms pattern of patients is reported different by sex,
age, season and place and …. For this reason in this study we evaluate the differences of
depression symptoms pattern by season.
Method and Material: In a prospective descriptive study all of the patients that come to
psychiatric clinic of Imam-Reza Hospital in winter of 1382 and summer of 1383 with chief
Complaint of depression and were entered to the study all of the patients visited by a psychiatrist
and for all of them we were filled both demographic information questionnaire and Beck
Depression Inventory (BDI). Data From different items of depression based on BDI were
compared in two groups of winter and summer with 15 percent sensitivity.
Results: 101 patients with mean age of 28.94 years enter to the study; mean score of BDI
was 27.64 with standard deviation of 12.43. There was no meaningful difference between
severity of depression among two groups of winter and summer although items of preoccupation
with body and somatic health meaningfully were in winter then in summer (P=0.03).
Total score of BDI in male and female patients were not different meaningfully (without relation
to the season), but items of difficulty in beginning of the work (P=0.008) and diminished sexual
desire (P=0.018) were meaningfully upper in men than in women. Mean of total score of
depression in rural patients were meaningfully upper than urban patients too (P=0.025).
Conclusion: In this study there was no difference between depression symptoms patterns of
patients by sex and season.
Keywords: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Season, Depression symptoms patterns
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The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
No. 25&26, Spring & summer-2005
Study of relative distribution of depression and anxiety in suffering
from migraine and tension type headache and comparison with those
who are not suffering from headache
Chitsaz A, Ghorbany A
I
ntroduction: It has been proved that most of chronic headaches are accompanied with
psychological and moral affairs. This study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of
depression and anxiety in patients having migraine and tension headaches and compared to
similar people who are not suffering from headaches.
Method and Material: This case- control study assessed one hundred and twenty five
patients who were suffering from Migraine and tension headache by International Headache
Societay (IHS) criteria that to Ishanan medical – training clinics and one hundred and twenty
five control group have been studied in, terms of depression and anxiety.
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Catel Anxiety Inventory (CAI) were used in this study
and the results have been analysed by chi-square, t-test statistical surveys using SPSS
statistical software.
Results: The Moderate depression in case groups was 2.35 times of control group
(P=0.001).Moderote Anxiety in case group was 2.67 time of control group (P=0.001),and
sever anxiets was 207 times of control group (P=0.002). In case group the rate of anxiety and
depression was more noticeable (P<0001).
Conclusion: In regard to significant correlation between migraine and Tension Type
Headache (TTH) with Anyiet and Depression evaluation of psychological aspect of these
patients is necessary for quick treatment and avoids to chronicity of headache and reduce
remedical costs.
Keywords: Migraine, Tension Type Headache, Depression, Anxiety
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The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
No. 25&26, Spring & summer-2005
Effectiveness of life skills education on family stress
and social acceptance
Samari AA, Lalee Faz A
I
ntroduction: Family as a social system can develop the personality and adjustment of its
members by meeting their affective, physical and mental needs. many implications may
be considered by theorists, trainers and mental health care personnel; because social behavior
in community and family and how to deal with their members, stress, disruption in relations ,
lack of control on them can lead to low self esteem, low independence, and problem in
decision-making and socialization. This study tries to examine the effectiveness of family life
skills education on mental health variables (family stress and social acceptance).
Method and Material: Present study is a quasi-experimental model with pretest-posttest
single group design.15 groups (each group comprised of 7-15 members) of family life skills
education in governmental and nongovernmental centers were studied. These educational
sessions were administered weekly in second half of 1383 and first half of 1384. Two scales
that administered on sample group were Coodron family stress scale and Crown & Marlow
social acceptance test.
Results: Using t-test, results of statistical analysis showed that the difference between
pretest ant posttest on mental health variables were significant (for family stress 6 groups,
p<0.05 and for social acceptance 4 groups p<0.05 and 2 groups p<0.01).Then family life
skills education can promote the mental health indexes.
Discussion: According to research results, family life skills education is an essential
component in promoting mental health in community.
Key words: Life skills, Mental health, Family stress, Social acceptance
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The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
No. 25&26, Spring & summer-2005
The amount of mirthfulness and its relation with self-reliance in students of
lorestan university of medical sciences
Farhadi A, Javaheri F, Gholami YB, Farhadi P
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ntroduction: Mirthfulness is a new psychological concept which has been less taken into
consideration so far. The studies and carried out researches about joyance and mirthfulness are
too less than those about depression, anxiety and other similar phenomena.
The aim of this research was to study the amount of mirthfulness of the students of Lorestan
university of medical sciences and its relation with self-reliance.
Method and Material: In this cross-sectional study 150 day students were selected using
systematic random sampling. To carry out the research two measurement instruments of
mirthfulness and self-reliance rate were used. The questionnaire used for mirthfulness, is the
short from of Mirthfulness Scale which has been made by Oxford university psychologists in
1989. To measure self-reliance, a questionnaire including 25 questions with two choices of
Yes, No, was used. Gathered data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Data analysis showed that 19.3% of the students had a low amount of
mirthfulness. The amount of mirthfulness of 62% of them was acceptable and 18.7% had a
good amount of mirthfulness. From view point of self-reliance 29.33% of the students had a
low self-reliance, 58% had a fair self-reliance and only 12.67% had a good and high selfreliance. Between the amount of mirthfulness in terms of field of study there was no
significant difference; but between self-reliance in terms of field of study there was a
significant difference (P<0.01), There was no significant difference between self-reliance in
terms of sex, but between the amount of mirthfulness and sex there was a significant
difference (P<0.02). Between the amount of mirthfulness and self-reliance there was a
significant correlation (r=0.58).
Conclusion: Regarding the obtained performing preventive and treating programs in
order to health promote the amount of mirthfulness among students can lead to improve the
level of mental and consequently to promote students’ study performance.
Key words: Mirthfulness, Self-reliance, Students, Lorestan
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The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
No. 25&26, Spring & summer-2005
Assessing the family problems and the rate of their tendency to admitting
and keeping mentally – Ill patients at home after discharging from
Mashhad Hospitals (1380-1382)
Peyman N, Bahrami M, Setayesh Y, Vahedian M
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ntroduction: The assessment of the remaining documents shows that phenomenon of
mentally ill patients has existed since the beginning of the creation of mankind. The
attitude and reaction of the society toward this fact has been under permanent change. The
prevalence rate of mental problems and their hazardous effects on individuals, families and
the society is increasing with growth of population and the urban life. No ethnic or nation has
had an effective resistance against being attacked by these disorders. In regard to the
importance of families’ participation in care & rehabilitation of mentally ill patients as a key
in successful treatment all over the world, more attention should be paid. The purpose of this
study is to determine possible factors that could influence patients’ acceptance by their
families after discharging from Hospitals in Mashhad.
Method and Material: The samples of this descriptive study (658patients) were
randomly chosen and data were collected in 658 patients' families whose their patients
discharged from hospital during 1380-1382. Their families interviewed by structured
questionnaires. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square were used For information analysis.
Results: Findings showed that 23.9% of the families had "high" tendency for accepting
the patient at home, 53.8% had "medium" tendency and the remaining 22.3% had no tendency
for supporting and keeping patients and the type of family supporting, the patient relationship
with his family members & family's supports, the signs of illness, the degree of his ability in
doing house affairs, the type of family reactions to the patient's illness signs, level of
education (family and patient) and patient's income & occupation, have significant relation
with their tendency. There was a significant correlation between family’s knowledge of
appropriate behavior with patient and their tendency to accepting him/her (P=0.000) and also
between the rate of family’s satisfaction of state contributions & hospital aids and their
tendency to that acceptance (P=0.02).
Conclusion: Experts should carefully evaluate families’ psychopathology during
treatment and rehabilitation of patients. In order to increase patients’ security and acceptance
in families, mental health facilities in the community and community mental health councils
are essential.
Keywords: Mentally-ill, Patient–Family, Social and Medical problems, The rate of
family’s tendency
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