Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
ID: B
Ch. 23 Test - Acids, Bases, and Salts - Study Guide
Matching
Match each option with the correct statement.
a. an acid
b. could be either an acid or a base
c. a base
____
1. It has the chemical formula HNO3.
____
2. It has a bitter taste.
____
3. It forms hydronium ions in water.
____
4. It can be corrosive.
____
5. It has the chemical formula Ca(OH)2.
____
6. In solution, it feels slippery.
____
7. It reacts with an indicator to produce a change in its color.
____
8. It has a sour taste.
Short Answer
9. Why do many states limit the amount of phosphates that can be used in detergents?
10. Suppose I put 20 ml of a weak acid and 20 ml of a strong acid each in their own beaker of water. Which one
would produce the most hydronium ions and why?
11. Show the range of pH values possible. Give an example of a weak acid, strong acid, weak base, and a strong
base.
1
Name: ________________________
ID: B
12. List 3 properties each for acids and bases.
13. Describe the chemical reaction that takes place when HCl is neutralized by Ca(OH)2.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 14. Finish the following reaction: acid + base → ________________ ?
a. base + water
c. base + acid
b. salt + water
d. acid + salt
____ 15. According to the scale, which of the following pH measurements is basic?
a. 1.2
c. 5.5
b. 9.5
d. 7.0
____ 16. pH measures the ____ of hydronium ions in a solution.
a. concentration
c. versatility
b. strength
d. neutralization
____ 17. Iced Tea has a pH of about 5. Iced Tea is ____.
a. extremely basic
c.
b. somewhat acidic
d.
somewhat basic
extremely acidic
____ 18. Ammonia is a weak base because it produces ____ ions in solution.
a. only a few
c. strong
b. weak
d. many
____ 19. A(n) ____ is a substance that produces H+ ions in a water solution.
a. base
c. alcohol
b. acid
d. salt
____ 20. A process that uses a solution of known concentration to find the concentration of another solution is called
____.
a. ionization
c. titration
b. neutralization
d. hydration
2
Name: ________________________
ID: B
____ 21. In a ____ reaction, an acid and a base produce a salt and a water.
a. concentrated
c. neutralization
b. dilute
d. decomposition
____ 22. ____ measures how acidic or basic a substance is.
a. A base
c. An ester
b. The hydronium ion
d. pH
____ 23.
Figure 23-1
Figure 23-1 shows ____.
a. dissociation of a base
b. neutralization of an acid
c.
d.
dissociation of an acid
neutralization of a base
____ 24. Which of the following instruments could tell you how acidic a sample of stream water is?
a. voltmeter
c. anemometer
b. pH meter
d. oscilloscope
____ 25. What is the difference between a soap and a detergent?
a. Detergents have long hydrocarbon chains and soaps have long nitrogen chains.
b. Soaps have long hydrocarbon chains and detergents have long nitrogen chains.
c. Detergents contain carboxylic acid groups and soaps contain phosphoric acid groups.
d. Soaps contain salts and detergents contain sulfonic or phosphoric acid groups.
____ 26. Polyesters are fibers made of ____.
a. organic salts
b. glycerin
c.
d.
many esters
two esters
____ 27. Dan wanted to find out which hand soap produced the most lather and bubbles. He made four
different soaps, using a different base for each one. Then he tested how much lather was produced by
washing his hands in hot water for different lengths of time with each soap. Dan’s experiment could
be improved by .
a. weighing the soaps before and after he c. using more soap and water as he
was done
washed his hands with each soap
b. using hotter water while he washed
d. washing his hands for the same length
his hands
of time with each soap
____ 28. Metal ions in water can react with soap to form ____.
a. detergents
c. salts
b. acid-base indicators
d. soap scum
3
Name: ________________________
ID: B
____ 29. In a chemical equation, a single arrow that points at the ions that are formed indicates a ____ acid or base.
a. strong
c. concentrated
b. weak
d. neutral
____ 30. A(n) ____ is a substance that produces OH- ions in a solution.
a. alcohol
c. salt
b. base
d. acid
____ 31. In a titration, the ____ is the point at which the indicator changes color and stays that way.
a. standard point
c. pH point
b. endpoint
d. acid point
____ 32. All of the following are properties of an acid EXCEPT
.
a. tasting sour
c. burning a hole through metal
b. feeling slippery
d. producing hydrogen ions in solution
____ 33. A bitter taste and a slippery feel are clues that a solution is probably a(n) ____.
a. acid
c. salt
b. hydrate
d. base
____ 34. Mershum and his teacher are conducting a titration experiment. Mershum is adding an indicator into
the solution drop by drop. Mershum knows that he should stop
adding drops of the indicator when the solution .
a. evaporates
c. changes color
b. bubbles
d. becomes clear
____ 35.
Mr. Vasquez’s chemistry class made a list of some solutions and their pH levels. The table above
shows their results. Which of the following sequences shows
these solutions, in order of least acidic to most acidic?
a. cola, acid rain, gastric juice, pure
c. acid rain, pure rainwater, gastric juice,
rainwater
cola
b. gastric juice, cola, acid rain, pure
d. pure rainwater, acid rain, cola, gastric
rainwater
juice
____ 36. Adding which of the following to a pond would be least likely to harm the fish and
other organisms living there?
a. ammonia
c. hydrochloric acid
b. drain cleaner
d. buffer
4
Name: ________________________
ID: B
____ 37. Which of the following statements about acids is NOT true?
a. Many foods contain acids.
c. Acids are corrosive.
b. Acids form hydroxide ions in solution.
d. Acids taste sour.
____ 38. When Maria adds a few drops of bromthymol blue to a beaker of water, the resulting solution has a
blue color. Next, as she blows exhaled air into the solution through a straw, Maria observes a series
of color changes—blue to blue-green, to green, to yellow-green, and finally to yellow. Which of
these is the most likely cause of these color changes?
a. The carbon dioxide in the exhaled air c. The oxygen in the exhaled air
dissolves in water to form a weak
dissolves in water to form a weak
base.
base.
b. The oxygen in the exhaled air
d. The carbon dioxide in the exhaled air
dissolves in water to form a weak
dissolves in water to form a weak
acid.
acid.
____ 39. A ____ is a compound formed in solution from the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base.
a. salt
c. soap
b. detergent
d. glycerin
____ 40. A(n) ____ comes from an alcohol that is not a base but has a hydroxyl group.
a. glycerin
c. salt
b. soap
d. ester
____ 41. A(n) __________ is an organic compound that changes color in acid.
a. catalyst
c. base
b. salt
d. indicator
____ 42. H3O+ units are also known as ____.
a. hydroxyl groups
b. hydronium ions
c.
d.
hydrogen ions
hydroxide ions
____ 43. The main advantage of detergents over soaps is that ____.
a. detergents can cause excessive foam in pipes and water treatment plants
b. detergents are organic salts
c. detergents can be used in hard water
d. soaps are organic salts
____ 44. ____ change color in the presence of an acid or a base.
a. Buffers
c. Glycerins
b. Acids
d. Indicators
____ 45. How many times more acidic is a substance with a pH of 1.5 compare to 4.5?
a. 1000
c. 10
b. 0
d. 100
____ 46. ____ of a solution refers to the ease with which an acid or base forms ions in solution.
a. Acidity
c. pH
b. Concentration
d. Strength
5
Name: ________________________
ID: B
____ 47. A base that only partly ionizes in a solution is a ____ base.
a. dilute
c. strong
b. weak
d. concentrated
____ 48. __________ are solutions containing ions that react with acids or bases to minimize their effects.
a. Enzymes
c. Indicators
b. Buffers
d. Hydroxides
____ 49.
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Phenolphthalein turns light red at pH c.
8.2.
b.
Thymol Blue turns orange at pH 2.
d.
Bromcresol Purple turns
yellow-purple
at pH 5.8.
Bromphenol Blue turns green-blue at
pH 4.6.
____ 50. In a titration, the ____ is the solution for which the concentration is known.
a. hydrate
c. standard solution
b. indicator
d. normal solution
____ 51. In chemical equations describing dissociation, what do double arrows pointing in opposite directions
indicate?
a. There is twice as much product as
c. The dissociation reaction is incomplete.
reactant.
b. The reaction rate is doubled.
d. The reactant is a strong acid.
____ 52.
The chemical equation shown above is a neutralization reaction. Which formula represents a base?
a. K2SO4
c. KOH
b.
H2O
d.
H2SO4
____ 53. Blood contains compounds called ____ that allow small amounts of acids or bases to be absorbed without
harmful effects.
a. buffers
c. precipitates
b. esters
d. enzymes
6
Name: ________________________
ID: B
____ 54. Fish tank water must be kept at a particular pH level so the fish stay healthy. What is
the best way to protect the water from becoming too acidic or too basic?
a. Put pH paper on the tank.
c. Add acid to the water.
b. Fill the tank with colored water.
d. Add a buffer to the water.
____ 55. To neutralize gastric juices in your stomach, antacids contain ____.
a. phenolphthalein
c. bases
b. hydronium ions
d. H+ ions
7
ID: B
Ch. 23 Test - Acids, Bases, and Salts - Study Guide
Answer Section
MATCHING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
A
C
A
B
C
C
B
A
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
2/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
2/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
SHORT ANSWER
9. ANS:
Phosphates act as fertilizers, causing overgrowth of vegetation in streams.
PTS: 1
DIF: A
OBJ: 10/3
10. ANS:
Strength of an acid is defined by how well it forms ions in water. The stronger acid will form more
hydronium ions.
PTS: 1
DIF: A
OBJ: 5/2
11. ANS:
The possible values for pH are between 0 and 14. Strong Acids are between 0 and 4. Weak acids are from 4
to 6. Weak bases are from 8 to 10 and strong bases are from 10 to 14.
PTS: 1
DIF: A
OBJ: 6/2
12. ANS:
acid: tastes sour, corrosive, turn litmus paper red, produce H+ ions;
base: tastes bitter, slippery, turn litmus paper blue, crystalline solid in an undissolved state, produce OH- ions
PTS: 1
DIF: A
OBJ: 1/1
13. ANS:
The H from HCl and the OH from Ca(OH)2 combine to form water. The remaining elements (CaCl) form a
salt.
PTS: 1
DIF:
A
OBJ: 8/3
MULTIPLE CHOICE
14. ANS: B
15. ANS: B
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
1
ID: B
16.
17.
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46.
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48.
49.
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51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
A
B
A
B
C
C
D
C
B
D
C
D
D
A
B
B
B
D
C
D
D
B
D
A
D
D
B
C
D
A
D
B
B
A
C
C
C
A
D
C
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
DIF:
B
OBJ: 11/3
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
B
B
B
B
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
DIF:
B
OBJ: 1/1
DIF:
DIF:
B
B
OBJ: 9/3
OBJ: 11/3
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
B
B
B
OBJ: 3/1
OBJ: 10/3
OBJ: 1/1
DIF:
DIF:
B
B
OBJ: 4/2
OBJ: 4/2
DIF:
B
OBJ: 8/3
DIF:
B
OBJ: 7/2
DIF:
B
OBJ: 8/3
2
6/2
7/2
4/2
1/1
8/3
8/3
6/2
3/1
10/3
5/2
1/1
8/3